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For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner,
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For sale in Kansas City, Ma, by Rlcksecker
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For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co..
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For eale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1012
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For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News
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For sale In Washington. D.C, by the Ebbett
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For sale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton &
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YESTERDAY'S YEATHER Maximum, tem
perature, 61; minimum temperature, 54; pre
cipitation, -01 of an inch.
TODAY'S WEATHER Showers; south to
west winds.
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JUNE 13.
PERPETUAL TARIFFS.
One reason why European industry
complains so little as it does about its
divergent and often burdensome tariff
systems is that each nation pursues a
moderately steady policy. They change
the rates slightly upon occasion, but
such a thing as a revolutionary change,
in favor with our American extremists
In both parties, is unheard-of.
Great Britain, as is well known, has
adhered to an unbroken policy for sev
enty years. On the Continent the most
notable feature of tariff legislation is
Its stability. In Belgium is In force the
customs law of June 8, 1SS7; In Ger
many, the tariff of July 15. 1879, with a
few subsequent amendments; In Prance,
the maximum and minimum tariff of
January 11. 1892, slightly amended by
the act of August 15, 1S95; in Italy, the
tariff of July 14, 1887; in Austria-Hungary,
the customs laws of May 25, 1882,
and May 21. 1887; in Russia, the tariff
law of June 11, 1891, which was amend
ed by an order of the Council of State,
approved June 1, 1893 (this order de
creed maximum and minimum duties
and fixed those of the tariff In force as
the latter: and In Switzerland, the tar
iff of April 10, 1891.
Supplementary to these general enact
ments are commercial treaties between
the Continental nations. They last a
long time, and therefore changes are
slight and few. Those now in effect
are mostly ten or more years old.
Among the .most important of these
agreements may be mentioned:
Austria-Hungary and Belgium, of December
fl. 1S91.
Austria-Hungary and Germany, of Decem
ber 6, 1S91. .
Austria-Hungary and Italy, of December 0.
1691.
Austria-Hungary and Switzerland, of Decem
ber 10, JS91.
Austria-Hungary and Russia, of May C. 1K4.
Germany and Belgium, of December 6, 1S91.
Germany and Italy, of December 6, 1691.
Germany and Switzerland, of December l6
1801.
Germany and Russia, of January 29. 1601.
Italy and Switzerland, of April 19. 1B92.
France and Belgium, of May 15. 1892.
France and Great Britain, of February 6.
1693.
France und Russia, of June 5. 1693.
France and Switzerland, of June 25. 1895.
Belgium and Switzerland, of July 3. 1RK9
American tariff practice differs from'
.European in two important respects
our constant expectation of violent
changes and our aversion to necessary
slight changes. Our policy toward
sugar, for example, and wood and hides,
and many other staples, underwent the
most revolutionary possible action when
the McKlnley bill was passed, and
again when the "Wilson bill was passed.
"Whenever the Administration passes
from one party to another in this coun
try, the programme Is a reversal of tar
iff policy and a general menace to busi
ness. Uncertainty and change are sad
disturbers of business prosperity. This
is partly why, with all its faults, the
Republican party is preferred by manu
facturers to the Democratic party.
They know what to expect with con
tinuance of Republican rule; they don't
know what they would get under Demo
cratic rule.
On the other hand, they know1 enough
In Europe to change duties when, in
minor details they have become out
dated. Our unwillingness to revise the
tariff in specific spots, when Justice and
expediency require, is partly due to ig
norance of our professed statesmen,
who study ward politics more than
they do commercial needs, partly to
superstitious worship of figures and
punctuation-marks in tariff bills, and
partly to more or less corrupt subservi
ence to the great protected corpora
tions. This timid, -unbusinesslike and Im
moral "policy is bad for the country, in
asmuch as it goads the people to at
tempt dispossession of the Republicans
in favor of the Democrats. "What more
than anything else menaces the con
tinuance of the Republican party in
power today is its senseless and craven
acquiescence in the demand of the great
protected interests for continued plun
der of the people under -guise of "pro
jection." This temptation could be re
moved by a few changes in a few
schedules which afford shelter for mo
nopoly. But they are not made, and
In consequence a tariff revolution is
.threatened through Democratic suc
cess. Aldrlch and Hanna would rather
-sink the ship than throw a few barrels
of sand overboard.
The recent exhaustive address of Mr.
Dill on corporation law moves the Min
neapolis Tribune" to recall other corpo
ration lawyers who have' rendered good
service to public affairs-Judge Dillon,
for example. Especially deserved, also,
te- the honorable -mention .it gives Mr.
Charles A Gardiner, "of New, York, who
as attorney for the Metropolitan Street
Railway is a very busy man, but who
four or five years ago turned his back
on boardroom and consultation office
.and devoted months of hard labor to
profound research Into the constitu
tional law of National expansion. Per
sons who had to deal in one way or an
other with the new and puzzling ques
tlons pitchforked on the country by
the swift results of the Spanish War
will not forget their debt to Mr. Gard
iner for that first Albany address on the
principles and practice of National sov
ereignty. It dug out of early American
'history and Supreme Court reports and
put Into popular form the principles of
government that have been applied in
dealing with new territory ever since
from the War Department up to the
Supreme Court. .As the Tribune sagely
observed, "so " long as lawyers of the
modern commercial type do these
things, we need not stop calling the
law a. profession, everr:if they deliver no
great orations."
"3IIGMT MAKE HIM SLOW."
A fellow named-. CowkIH. at Baker
City, who makes his living by fawning
on railroad magnates, publishes In the
Baker Democrat an article in which he
accuses The Oregonlan of "hammer
ing Harriman." and of "houndinsr his
.movements In the Northwest" The Ore
gonlan has expressed a very earnest de
sire that Oregon shall not forever be
neglected In the operations of the great
railway syndicate of which Mr. Harri
man. is the head. No part of the Union
Pacific system is more profitable than
the O. R. & N.; and The Oregonlan
would like to see Mr. Harriman do
something for the development of the
newer parts of -this country, which are
without railroads and can't make an
other step of progress till railroads are
assured. ,
To the north of us a great railway
combination Is making immense efforts
for development of the country and ex
tension of commerce; to the south of us
another great railway combination is
doing a like thing. The system to the
north of us merely touches Oregon; no
more. The one south of us covers Ore
gon and the great valley of the Colum
bia. NBut It ceased years andt years ago
to give Oregon and the country of the
great Columbia Valley new facilities.
It sits still .on this . vast empire, and
lias done so these twenty, years. The
Oregonlan would be glad to -see it
stirred to new action.
This is the reason why The'Orecro-
nian has spoken so earnestly.' 'TJie fel
low cowglll asks: "Is there not some
thing behind these attacks on Harriman
and may they not be the very mea,hs of
making him slow In .moving In Ore
gon?" Yes; there is something behind
the criticisms of The Oregonlan That
something is its earnest desire to get
things done in this state, commensur
able with what has been done by the
great railway syndicates in the States
ofCallfornlaandWashlngton. Small dan
ger, either, that the management of the
railroads here will s'be made more slow
in moving in Oregon" than It has been.
There Is the whole Eastern Oregon
country. There is the whole North
western Oregon country. There is the
whole southwestern country. Into
these great regions only the Union Pa
cific-Southern Pacific combination can
make entrance or get footing. And
there Is the great Snake River and
Clearwater country, which, the Union
ruciHc nas anowea itself to be bluffed
out of, as It has been hitherto out of- the
Nehalem and coast country. It is Just
as well, as The Oregpnian humbly con
ceives, to speak plainly about these
things. The notion that criticism might
"make the movement slow" is worth a
leather medal. "Slow," indeed! Pity,
indeed, if in the matter of opening and
developing Oregon somebody should
be Irritated to the point of slowness!
THE COMING WHEAT CROP.
It is the June rains that make the
.wheat crop throughout the greater por
tion of the Inland Empire, and advices
from Walla Walla and Uniatilla Coun
ties are to the effect that a sufficient
amount of moisture has fallen in those
great wheat regions within the past
three days to assure a fairly good crop
of wheat. There is, of course, time for
a hot wind to cut down present esti
mates quite materially, but the out
look now Is so much brighter than it
;Was a week,ago that farmers, as well
as all others directly Interested In the
Industry, are quite Jubilant over the
change. It Is,-of course, too early for
anything like accurate estimates as to
the probable; out-turn, but with a con
tinuation of favorable conditions from
now until harvest the crop of the three
North Pacific States should approxi
mate 35,000,000 bushels, and might ex
ceed that figure. The crop Is from two
to three weeks later than usual, and for
this reason is in greater Jeopardy from
hot winds.
As matters now stand, Portland will
probably handle a larger proportion of
the crop of the three states than she
has handled at any season for the past
three years. The Increase in shipments
shown on Puget Sound ports during
that time was due to a large amount of
new acreage in the Big Bend and on
the light lands tributary to the main
line of the Northern Pacific These re
gions have turned off some wonderful
yields in the past two years, while the
territory tributary to Portland has
shown very little Increase in new acre
age and the crops have been poor. This
year the outlook in the Big Bend and
on a considerable portion of the light
lands lying farther south is very poor,
some wheat men of excellent judgment
predicting less than half a crop. South
of Snake River and through portions
of the Palouse tributary to Portland
the recent rains have assured a fair
crop, and the river counties, while late,
are In much better shape than was ex
pected earlier In the month.
From present indications even a 35,-000,000-bushel
crop In Oregon, Wash
ington and Idaho will be of more value
to the growers than the 40,000,000-bushel
crop of last year. Prices at the pres
ent time are 10 to 15 cents per bushel
higher than last year, and there is but
slight prospect for any decline at least
before the turn of the year. The mar
ket for ocean freights is at very low
ebb, and enough tonnage could be char
tered to load the entire crop of the three
states at the lowest average rate on rec
ord. Grain bags are also much cheaper
than they have been for the past three
years, and the only Increased expense
to the wheatgrower Is in the matter of
labor. The Willamette Valley has al
most ceased to figure as an exporter of
wheat, but the crop this year is report
ed in better shape than that of a year
ago. There is an increasing tendency
in" the Willamette- to Teed wheat
to hogs, and for this purpose the cereal
Is said to be more valuable than for
shipment. The extent qf this practice
cannot be accurately determined, but
THE MOBNING
it lSibelieved that-fn the aggregate the
amount oi valley wheat thus with
drawn from export purposes is consid
erable. -
A short crop In the Puget Sound ter
ritory and a fairly good cron In Port
land territory would puncture. some of
the bombastic -yarns that have been put
'forth In. the Puget Sound papers re
garding alleged gains In the -vtat
traae at. tee expense.-of Portland. , Seat
tle and. Tacoma have both made Iarire
gains In the business, but none of the
gam in the wheat trade has been at
the expense of Portland. It has all
been from territory not reached by the
lines operating from this city. If Port
land next season should show a gain of
25 per cent over Puget Sound ports, It
wouia renect no more discredit on Se
attle or Tacoma than was reflected on
Portland two years ago, when a rec
ord-breaking yield In the Big Bend and
other Puget Sound territory and a
short crop In Portland territory enabled
I'uget bound to surpass Portland in the
amount of wheat exported. It would,
however, cause a deep silence In certain
newspaper ouices not a thousand miles
irom commencement nay.
DEATH OP GENERAL M'COOIC
Major-General Alexander McDowell
McCook, United States Army, who died
yesterday, graduated from West Point
in 1852, ranking thirty in a class of
forty-three members, which included
Generals Henry W. Slocum. David S.
Stanley, George I. Hartsuff. Charles R.
Woods, August V. Kautz, George
Crook, Thomas L. Casey, George H.
Mendell, of the Union Army, and Gen
erals George B. Anderson, John H.
Forney and George R. Cosby, of the
Confederate army.- The outbreak of
the Civil War found him a Captain In
the Third United States infantry. He
was made Colonel of the First Ohio
Volunteers in April, 1861; Brigadier
General of Volunteers In September,
1861; Major-General of Volunteers in
July, 1862. On the reorganization of the
regular Army in 1866 General McCook
was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of
the Tenth United States Infantry; he
became Colonel of the Sixth Infantry
In 18S0, Major-General in 1894, and was
retired under the age limit In 1895.
General McCook had a distinguished
military career, which began at the first
battle of Bull Run and practically ter
minated when he was relieved from
command after Rosecrans great defeat
at Chlckamauga. General McCook
commanded a division of Buell's army
at ShIIoh on the second day; he com
manded a corps of General Buell's army
at the battle of Perryvllle; he com
manded the right wing of Rosecrans
army at the battle of Stone River, and
to McCook's tactical errors In ' the
formation of his lines Rosecrans
ascribed the terrible disaster of the
first day's battle. Rosecrans, in his
report, speaks repeatedly of "the faulty
line of McCook's formation on the
right." At Chlckamauga General Mc
Cook commanded a corps, and his com
mand, together with the corps of Gen
eral Crittenden, was swept from the
field. Rosecrans again severely criti
cised McCook's tactical formation of his
lines as exceedingly faulty. McCook
was relieved from command immedi
ately after the battle and ordered North
to await the result of a court of in
quiry into his conduct the day of the
defeat of Chlckamauga,
Nothing could result from such a
court fairly but acquittal. Rosecrans
dlscbvered the tactical errors of Mc
Cook the day before the battle, both at
Stone River and Chlckamauga, but he
was too genial and kindly a man at
once to order the tactical errors to be
corrected. McCook was confident his
formation, was as good as could be
made, but the result was that the corp3
of McCook In both battles was driven
from the field. McCook was a very gal
lant and energetic soldier, but he lacked
the ability to handle large bodies of
troops independently of a superior offi
cer to give him commands. This lim
itation of his military capacity was so
clearly shown at Perryvllle that Mc
Cook ought never to have been placed
in command of the right wing at Stone
Reiver, and after the disaster of that day
to place McCook in charge of a corps
at Chlckamauga was Inexcusable weak
ness on the part of Rosecrans. McCook
was a very gallant officer, an excellent
brigade and division commander, but
he was not equal to the independent
command of as large a body of troops
as an army corps. The disasters of
Perryvllle, the terrible losses of Stone
River and the defeat of Chlckamauga
attest the military limitations of Gen
eral McCook.
General McCook belonged to a dis
tinguished military family; his broth
er. General Robert L. McCook, was
shot to death by the enemy while lying
sick and helpless In an ambulance; his"
brother. General Daniel McCook, was
killed while leading a charge on the
enemy's works at Kenesaw Mountain;
his brothers, Generals E. M. McCoofc,
and Anson G. McCook,, were distin
guished officers of the Union Army, and
his father was killed while fighting
General Morgan's men in their- famous
raid throiigh Ohio.
OXE TYPE OF ROYALTY.
King Alexander of Servla, low
browed, round-headed, thick-necked.
was what his physiognomy proclaimed
him to be brutal, tyrannical, obstinate.
All of this .his father before him was;
and his mother, from whence came his
Russian blood, was an adventuress
without womanly refinement or honor,
but withal shrewd, crafty and deter
mined. The son of such parents, the
young King, so unfortunately endowed
by Nature, was feared and hater by his
subjects. The tragical close of his life
may arouse pity, but nothing, that he
left in the way of a record excites ad
miration, except the final act, in which,
sheltering his wife In his arms in the
futile attempt to protect her from the
violence of a maddened soldiery, he
hurled back with-pIstol-shot and impre
cation the declaration that he had mar
ried a "public 'prostitute," which was
coupled with the demand for his abdi
cation. Perhaps it was bulldog courage
rather than any feeling of refinement,
justice or sentiment that brought him
to bay and made the last act . of his
life a heroic one; but the fact remains
that his dying pose challenges admira
tion, even as his attitude throughout
his brief .and stormy reign caused him
to be detested both as a man and a
ruler. The woman to whom he rave
title of Queen of Ser,via was unworthy
the' respect even of the Servians. Alex
ander himself was not more worthy.
The marriage, from a. standpoint of
morals, was not unsuitable, but from
the ; standpoint of expediency, from
which royal marriages are usually
Judged, It was a blunder into which
only a coarse, passionate man. habitu
ally accustomed to disregard the rights
and feelings of others, would have
OREGOKIAN, SATUBD'AT,
stumbled. It blocked the possibility of
peace or harmony in the kingdom, and,
this being true, the Servian people, not
overnice in matters of "humanity, re
joice in the murder of their rulers as
the only possible relief from an intoler
able situation. Tt !a flcsnfltlsm tpm.
rpered by assassination. And Natalie,
the divorced Queen mother. Time, was
when the sympathy of the civilized
world was with her in her flight from
Belgrade and her maternal anguish in
being deprived of her young son. But
the sympathy then engendered in her
behalf turned to contempt, and finally
Uo disgust, when later she strove to
nave trie decree that released her from
her brutal husband canceled that she
might return to the Servian capital and
resume her governmental and political
intrigues. In her later banishment she
has not been followed by sympathy,
but this sentiment cannot fail to be
revived now that in a mother's distrac
tion she mourns the assassination of
her son. But perhaps she, too, has rea
son to rejoice that the end has come,
even while she deplores the manner of
Its coming, since the situation must
have been a distressing one to her,
shadowed as it was by disgrace and
impending disaster.
The death of General Alexander Mc
Dowell McCook reduces to sixteen the
number of Major-Generals of the Civil
War who survive. The survivors are:
Cassius M. Clay, Napoleon J. T. Dana,.
Granville M. Dodge, Francis Fessenden,
Benjamin H. Grlerson, Oliver O.' How
ard, Wesley Merrltt, Nelson A. Miles,
Peter J. Osterhaus, John M. Schofleld,
Carl Schunr, Daniel E. Sickles, Julius
Stahel, Lew Wallace, James H. Wilson
and Thomas J. Wood. Generals Dana,
FeBsenden, Grlerson. Howard, Merrltt,
Miles, Schofleld, Sickles, Wilson and
Wood are still in the Army, Miles being
the only one still In active service.
Generals Schofleld and Miles reached
the rank of Lelutenant-General; Gen
erals Sickles, Howard and Merrltt that
o Major-General in the permanent es
tablishment; Generals Fessenden,Wooc
Wilson and Grlerson retired as Brigadier-Generals
in the regular Army, and.
General Dana is retired as a Captain.
Few people are probably aware of
the fact that it cost Senator Gorman In
round figures 5100,000 to carry the State
Legislature last year and secure a nom
ination and election." says the Balti
more Herald (Ind.). "It was undoubt
edly the most expensive campaign for
any one aspirant in the history of the
state." More than 300 election judges
and clerks are under Indictment by the
grand Jury, the votes of four precincts'
are uncounted, and the Republican can
didate for the Mayoralty has petitioned
the courts for a recount of the votes,
the answer being due on June 13. Tha
Herald, in a double-leaded editorial.
says: "More than a score of men plot
ted these schemes, and among them the
names of Arthur P. Gorman, John Wal
ter Smith and John P. Roe are especial
ly to be remembered."
"The corruption of-morals has already
begun at the top and In the cream of
society, not In the slums. There Is a
terrible materialism which seems like
ly tO SWeeD awav thf hnm nnrt Runriav
public worship," says the bishop of
itensington. Wherein the good bishop
shows a logical grasp of sociolosry. Cor
ruption begins In the highest circles and
worKs down to the common people.' It
taks time- for irrellgion and immoral
ity to sift down to the bottom of the
social scale, but when It is there, civic
vigor is at an end. Anarchy In the
poor follows, not precedes, anarchy in
the rich. They are looking Into the
wrong end of the telescope who fancy
that the overthrow of our Institutions
Is beginning with the working classes.
Flat charges of corruntlm th rnmr of
Senator for unbecoming conduct, and various
unsavory rumors In connection with other
members of the Masahuitittit THinti.n
are Indications of political ill-health in an un
usual quarter. New Tork Evening Post.
Which is the true antl way of look
ing at it Discovery and punishment of
irregularities could never be remind
ers of a healthy sense of Justice, onlv
of ill-health. As a matter of .fact, the
general advance upon corruption every-
wnere is one of the healthiest signs of
the times. Much of it In the Postofflce
Department as well as elsewhere, is due
to the presence of a stalwart chamnlnn
of righteousness in the Presidential
chair. There are no disclosures of rot
tenness In times of low public morality.
crimes are covered up. ,
The tendency toward liberal Chris
tianity in orthodox churches has had a
striking Illustration In this city recently
in the declaration of principles formu
lated by the Central Baptist, the seced
ing element of the Second Baptist
Church. Discarding all verbiage in re
gard to baptism, foreordlnatlon, elec
tion, etc, this new organization pro
claims the New Testament a sufficient
and binding rule of faith and adopts It
as the organic law of the church. This
being the spirit of the new chruch, per
haps the public may be able to say, la
looking on: "Behold how good and how
pleasant it Is for brethren to dwell to
gether in unity."
The Portland police force, as at pres
ent organized and officered, may not
be the terror to highwaymen, crimps
and other evil-doers of which a loyal
public fondly dreamed while "recon
struction" was In progress. But indi
vidual members of the force are deter
mined There Is no doubt about that.
Like the man who was bound to keep
up with the funeral procession, if It
killed the horse, they are determined to
get photographs of captured women.
who have been duly placed under lock
and key, when they go for them. If
they have to first disable the subjects.
Let the criminal element take due warn
ing.
Steamboat captains are having their
flood troubles, and property-owners
along the banks of the swollen river
are having theirs. The first protest
against the complaints-made declaring
that they pass submerged wharves and
other movable property under a "slow
bell." The latter charge "full speed"
and damaging swells as a result. The
conflict of statements Is likely to con
tinue until the waters abate, since dif
ferences of opinion are In this case ap
parently irreconcilable.'
The prolonged life and unimpaired
mental ability of the pope attest before
the whole world the value of abstemious
and methodical habits of living. Though
a nonagenarian and bodily feeble, His
Holiness stilL performs the exacting
duties of his office! his mental force and
vigor being practically unimpaired. His
example in simple rules of living is one
which an overfed world may observe
with profit. But it is not likely that it
win;.
JUNE 13, 1903.
RECIPROCITY WITH CANADA
St. Paul Pioneer Press.
-There are several things which should
make for a successful issue of the fight
before Congress for reciprocity with Can
ada at the coming session. First, there
la the awakening caused by Mr. Cham
berlain's pronouncement in favor of a
tariff against all the rest of the world,
and reciprocity between Britain and her
dependencies. There's a fine apple on the
Canadian tree, at which American states
men have looked with indifference so long
as it seemed that nobody elsje would
pluck It. and that Uncle Sain sould do so
whenever he should please. The spectacle
of Great Britain reaching for that apple
rouses American combatlveness. Next, a
larger portion of our people favor reci
procity than ever before. States whose
largest Interests were not long ago opposed
to reciprocity, like Minnesota Wisconsin
and Michigan, are now prepared to wel
come it. The lumbering interest, for In
stance, once so preponderant, is now en
tirely overshadowed by Interests con
cerned only in getting lumber for building
and manufacturing purposes in the cheap
est market, it matters not whether at
home or abroad. Even a certain portion
of the lumber dealers favor the removal
of the duty on Canadian lumber. Cana
dian wheat Is wanted for grinding In the
Twin City mills, and access thereto, duty
free, would not a little facilitate the solu
tion of the difficulties now facing those
mills in competing with the millers of
the East. Reciprocity with Canada alone
would afford an easy path by which
statesmen who wish to appear concilia
tory toward tariff revisionists, without
conceding much to revision, may attain
their "end and acquire a reputation for
breadth." As for Canada, eager as she
Is and always has been for reciprocity,
she has already assumed the character
istic posture of the maiden needing to
be much persuaded, in order that the
Dominion may get better terms. But if
reciprocity with the United States is seen
to be at last really within her reach we
may be fairly sure that none of Chamber
lalns blandishments will have effect In
leading her to prefer, reciprocity with
Britain. Canada knows on which side
her bread Is buttered. It will not ba
easy for her. with her revenue system
resting upon conditions which have grown
up since the abrogation of the reciprocity
w r. ?,C 40 years s0 to arrange for
such full and complete freedom of trade
with the United States as then existed
but frank and liberal approaches such
as are dictated by the largest interests of
our Nation-on the part of the United
States. WOUld no dnnhf "ha u.j 1
euch a partial letting down of barriers
as would result In added prosperity to
all on both sides of the boundary.
THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.
W?ti25ew Yirk Sun recently published
the history of the notable case of the
People against Phillips, argued before the
Court of General Sessions of New York
City, in June, 1813. De Witt Clinton, then
Mayor of New York City, . presiding. A
Catholic priest. Father Kohlmann, had re
stored some stolen goods to one James
Keating. Keating had previously accused
a man named Phillips and wife of having
received the stolen goods, .and they were
Indicted. Father Kohlmann was cited be
fore the court and asked to give evidenco
as to the person from whom he had re
ceived the stolen property.
He refused on the ground that no court
could require a priest to give evidence
In regard to matters known to him only
under the seal of confession. He was pre
sented to the grand Jury because of this
refusal, and the case went before the
Sessions on June 8, 1813.
The District Attorney Insisted that the
sacrament of penance was unknown In
New York, and that a due respect for the
law required that there should be no
means whereby the state should be pre
vented from eliciting all proper evidence
on a criminal trial; that the people of the
United States were a Christian Protestant
people and that the Constitution required
that all persons should stand equal before
the law, and that no form of rejlglon
should be protected or specially recog
nized by the law or be nhnv it.
The decision of the court was unani
mous against him.
"We speak of this question." -says Do
Witt Clinton, who delivered the decision,
"not In a theological sense but in Its legal
and Constitutional bearings. Although we
differ from the witness and his brethren
in our religious creed, yet we have no
reason to question the purity of their mo
tives or to impeach their good conduct as
citizens. They are protected by the laws
and Constitution of the country in the
full and free exercise of their religion, and
this court can never countenance or au
thorize the application of insult to their
faith or of torture to their consciences."
The principle of this decision It was the
first time the Issue had been raised In the
United States was later embodied in the
Revised Statutes of the State, Part Iir,
chapter 7, article VIII, section 72: "No
minister of the Gospel or priest of any
denomination whatsoever shall be allowed
to disclose any confessions made to him in
his professional character In the course
of discipline enjoined by the rules or prac
tices of such denomination."
The Broom Displaced.
Our British cousins are said to be slow
witted, but they sometimes hit on a good
idea, as, for example, the housecleaning
device Invented by a Londoner and de
scribed by Consul Mahln, of Nottingham,
In a recent report to the State Depart
ment. The device consists essentially of
an air pump which will' suck air at a
rapid rate into a tube flattened at the
moveable end. The opening at the end of
the tube is, in fact, a long, narrow slit.
When It is rubbed over the carpet or up
and down the cloth covering of settees or
chairs it quickly sucks out all the dust,
extracting It not only from the surface,
but also from the body of the substance
and from underneath it the underfelt
being thus cleaned. Not a particle of dust
can be detected If the carpet is then
beaten. No dust Is raised in a room. All
Is sucked through the hose into the filter.
In a simllat way walls may be cleaned
of dust, the cleaner being a brush of
horseshoe shape, with an exhaust tube
In the center. The machine may be on
wheels or stationary. In hotels, theaters,
large business houses and the like It is
proposed to install permanent stationary
plants, so that cleaning can take place
daily, thus practically abolishing sweep
ing. The After Cost of War.
Knoxvllle, Tenn., Sentinel.
A glance at the summary of a report re
cently Issued by Pension Commissioner
Ware will at once dismiss the charge that
"republics are ungrateful," at least In so
far as this Government is concerned. This
summary shows the following aggregate
of money disbursed as pensions to men
who have served in the American Army
and Navy:
Revolutionary War (estimated).? 70,000.000
War of 1S12 45.000.000
Indian Wars, 1S32-1S42 5,800.000
War with Mexico 31.800.000
War of the Rebellion 5,7.000,000
War with Spain 3,275,000
Xo Mouse In. Sight.
Providence Journal.
A Vassar girl has broken the record
from the running high jump, clearing
four feet two and one-half inches. And
there was no mouse in sight.
1
She Dvrelt Among the Uatroddea
Wayw.
William Wordsworth.
She dwelt among tha untrodden ways
Beside the springs of Dove;
A maid whom there were none to praise.
And very few to love.
A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye:
Fair as a star, when pniy.ose
Is shining in the sky.
She lived unknown, and -few could know
When Lucy ceased to be; - . .
But she is in her garave, asd, O,
The difference to me!
$15,000,000 FOR IRRIGATION.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
-The irrigation law of June 17, 1902, pro
vided that all moneys received from the
sale and disposition of public ianfis in
Arizona. California, Idaho, Kansas, Mon
tana. Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon. South
Dakota. Utah. Washington and Wyoming
should be set aside as a reclamation fund
for arid lands in the states named.
The Commissioner of the General Land
Office reports that after deducting the
proceeds of land eales set aside for educa
tional and other purposes the irrigation
fund amounts to Tr.530.33S. this covering
the two fiscal years 1901 and 1902. The re
turns on the sale of public lands for the
first three-quarters of the present fiscal
year indicate that receipts will be about
equal to the two preceding years. There
fore, the Irrigation fund In the Treasury
Department will, on the 1st of July next,
be about $15,000,000.
The Federal law of 1902 was so framed
as not to Interfere with Irrigation plans
forwarded by the several states. The
law contemplated tha expenditure of
money received for land In any particu
lar state for the benefit of that state.
The title and the management and op
eration of the reservoirs and the works
necessary for their protection are to re
main In the government until otherwise
provided by Congress. While the work
Is to be done under the direction of the
Federal Government, each state Is to
have the benefit of the fund apportioned
to that state, the size of this fund de
pending upon the sales of public land.
under this rule Oklahoma will receive
U. 003,795 of the fund now Jn the treasury.
T,th Dakota H. 227.000 and Oregon $910,000.
while Arizona will receive only JS1.773 New
Mexico W7.237 and Kansas $49,135. It will
be seen by this that the method of dis
tribution Is hardly fair. It may happen
mat the states most In need of Irrigation
cannot, under this lawhave the irriga
tion needed unless the sales of land In
these states provide the funds.
PRESIDENT AND THE CIVIL SERVICE
MTh5 ew York Even,nff Post gives Pres
laeav Roosevelt warm praise for having
made the Civil Service Commission the
most satisfactory that has thus far held
office, and for removing prominent offi
cers who had violated the law by accept
ing forced resignations from some and
by declining to appoint others. Included
among these removals were the Surveyor
General of Colorado, the Collectors at El
Paso and Louisville and the Postmaster
of, Philadelphia. The Post further says:
Early in his term President Roosevelt
Included within the rules 11.SQ0 rural free
delivery postal employes, and ISOO field
employes of the War Department, who
were excluded by the order of May, 1893.
He has established a registration system
for the selection of laborers in the Wash
ington departments and has more recent
ly extended this to the larger outside of
fices. Mr. Roosevelt defeated the plan to
foist upon the permanent civil service the
great body of temporarily appointed cen
sus clerks, and brought about the estab
lishment by Congress of a permanent
classified Census Bureau on the same
footing as other departments of the Gov
ernment. The President has also insisted
'that not an office should be tilled In the
Philippines or Porto Rico with any re
gard to the man's partisan affiliation or
service, with any regard to the political,
social, or personal Influence which he
may have at his command'
"But this Is not all. Soon after taking
uiucu iitr. xtooseveit approved amend
ments to the rules which restored some of
the safecuards removed hv "PrAMon xr.
KInley on May 1. 1S99, and only two
monins ago signea a complete revision of
the rules which will establish a general
system far in advance of the old one. It
does away with the many objectionable
features of Mr. McKInley's amendments,
and restores many offices to the competi
tive clasB."
Synthesis of Sugar.
London Engineering describes an elec
trical process by which Julius Walther, of
St. Petersburg, recently produced sugar
and other organic substances. Starting
wiimcaruouc acia, generated irom marble
and hydrochloric acid, he was able by In
creasing the voltage and strength of cur
rent to make oxalic acid; then tartaric
acid, then citric acid, then fruit sugar
and finally grape sugar. The extremities
of the wires of his battery in some experi
ments were of platinum and a clay pot
was used as a diaphragm. The anode so
lution was kept about 10 degrees warmer
than the cathode solution. With a differ
ence of potential of two volts carbolic
acid appeared, and by suitable manipu
lation of the current the other products
in the order named. Walther regards the
phenomenon as essentially an oxidation
andreduction process. His feat leads En
gineering to discuss the obliteration of the
dividing line between organic and inor
'ganlc chemistry and that between ani
mate and Inanimate substances.
Most-Spoken IangiiaKCS.
New York Commercial Advertiser.
The most-spoken language Is Chinese;
but as there are so many dialects In the
language, and as these differ so greatly In
the confines of Mongolia and Thibet from
those around Pekln. it is scarcely correct
to say. that the 382.000,000 Celestials all
speak one language. Putting, therefore,
China aside, the most-spoken languages
in the world are as follows, in millions:
English, 120; German, 70; Russian, 63;
Spanish, 44; Portuguese, 32. If we were
to measure theso in ratio on a-two-foot
rule, we should get the following results:
Portuguese, 4 Inches; Spanish, 5& Inches;
Russian, S inches; German, inches;
English, 1 foot 3 Inches.
The Tribute-Bearer.
John Jerome Booney in New Tork Times
On Decoration Day, at Arlington-on-thV
Potomac. a boatload of flowers was sent
adrift down the river as an offering to the
sailors whe died at sea for the Nation.
Boses, lilies and violets.
Wild 'flowers out of the wood.
Blooms of the city gardens,
Sprays from the solitude
Here to the courier Blver,
Tha scout of the mighty sea,
We bring a tribute unconquer'd
. Free as the waters are free I
Take it. O courier Blver,
To the sound of our requiem, strain.
Take It and bear It downward
To the shining hosts of the main.
And, courier, fail not to tell them.
Those vanished-hosts of ours.
That the tears and love of a nation
Float seaward with the flowers.
Tell them the land they ded for
Lies smiling beneath the sun; "
That every hill is greener
For the work their hands have done.
Tell them, courier Blver,
The blood that they haveshed
Has dyed the red of our banner
A heart-ens an gu In' d red;
That the stars are shining brighter
In the field of our banner's blue
Because their souls were fearless, .
Their sailor hearts were true.
O pay them, courier Blver,
Some titho of our ancient debt. ,
And whisper to each dear brother
That he is remembered yet;
That the vision of endless riches.
The dream of an Empire's power.
Steal not from our true heart-treasures
The gold of his last red hour.
And fail not, courier Biver,
To tell our vanished hosts
To wait the sea with our Captains
( And guard the sacred coasts '
For the coasts are now thrice-sacred
Thrice-sacred, being theirs
And. together, no crafty foexnan
. Can take us unawares!
Peace, peace to the strains of glory
Our eyes are dim with mist
Our thoughts are floating seaward
And our hearts cannot resist.
So fall not, courier Blver,
To bear this tithe of our' debt
As an earnest of love unbroken
That the years may sot forget!
. NOTE AND COMMENT.
We do" not envy the 'skuptschlna and
It3 new Job.
Itseems Mr. Chamberlain didn't know
it was loaded. .
If .the city can't sprinkle the streets, the
weather man can.
The price of baking powder is falling,
but the powder is still on the rise.
Miss McCarty won't have to stint her
self on soda water this Summer, anyway.
There Is a great" falling off In the num
ber of . persons who would like to be
Kings.
The Servian ruler with the unpronounc
able name will now have the pleasure of
settling with the mob.
There seems to be pretty near as much
excitement In Servla as though- there was
a postal scandal or a Legislature.
Owl cars are principally meant for
night hawks and people who are out on
bats. Lots of natural history In this.
The enterprising polyscope operators
are no doubt all wishing they had been
present at King Alexander's evening re
ception. A California boy shot his brother rather
than have him suffer the ignominy of
being whipped by a teacher. The brother
must have been greatly tickled by the
act.
The lightning that struck the New York
school didn't kill any of the pupils, for
the reason that they thought It was noth
ing but football, and gave the lightning
all that It wanted.
When the friends of the rival claimants
of the discovery of anaesthesia were pro
posing monuments for each other, Oliver
Wendell Holmes suggested that all should
unite In erecting a single memorial, with
a central group symbolizing painless sur
gery, a statue of Jackson on one side, a
statue of Morton on the other and the In
scription beneath "To E(l)ther."
In his recent' brochure on Zola, M. Fa
guet, of the Academic Francalse, says:
"Zola began to write too soon. Every
"man who writes before he is 30, and who
does not devote the golden age of his life
from the 20th year to the 30th to read
ing, observing and thinking, without writ
ing a line, runs the risk of "having no
brain and of being but a Journeyman au
thor. There are some exceptions, but they
are rare."
Mayor Seth Low, of New York, despito
his pleasant smile and cordial grasp of
his hand, Is regarded by those who have
occasion to do much public business with
him as a cold man. He has never shown
one spark of temper since elected to the
office of Mayor, and this is a case of re
markable self-control. It Is asserted, aa
he has a temper that would blaze up If
he would let it.
During the recent visit of Emperor
William to the pope the venerable pontiff
showed great interest in the Emperor's
boys. It is said that he took Prince Eitel
Fritz by the hand and said: "You must
be about the age of my godson, Alphonso
of Spain, whom I shall never see." When
the visit of the Kaiser and his sons was
over the pope remarked: "Those are
boys to be proud of, but slxl How is 11
the Emperor can look so young?"
The New York Rialto is laughing over
a story told on Will Carleton, the poet,
who Is "also a publisher. The other day
he appeared at his office in a new coat,
which he hung up. It fell to the dusty
floor. The office boy picked the garment
up without brushing It and helped Mr.
Carleton put.it on. Catching a glimpse
of his own disreputable appearance in a
mirror, the poet thundered: "Boy! What
do you mean by this? I come in here
looking like a publisher and you send me
out looking like an author!"
To Mrs. C. B. Hollarn, of Dallas, prob
ably belongs the distinction of holding
more Important offices than any other
woman in Texas, if' not In the country.
She is Deputy United States Circuit Court
Clerk. Deputy United States District
Court Clerk, both for the Northern Dis
trict of Texas; stenographer for the
United States Marshal, and holds a com
mls3lonjos Deputy United States Marshal
for that district, as the law requires the
Marshal's employes to be and act as Dep
uty Marshals. This last gives her the
right to carry "deadly weapons," but It
Is stated that she has never tried to bluff
any one.
A certain American woman, the wife of
a former Representative in Congress and
Minister abroad, who now aims at social
leadership in the most exclusive and top
lofty circles of Washington, D. C, is
noted for her love of display and her
penchant for wearing about all the Jewels
she can bear up under. One recent night
she gave a dinner. Several members of
the diplomatic set were present. Madam
was in high feather, and she also wore a
diamond tiara and several strings of
pearls around her neck. During the even
ing she complained of feeling a bit chilly,
and told one of the servants to call her
maid. When the maid appeared she I3
said to have shivered a trifle and ex
claimed: "Susette, I am so cold; please
get me another string of pearls."
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
"I'm feeling deucedly despondent, old chap."
"Come and seo our pine play, ball they'll
make you forget all the rest of.your troubles.
Puck.
"To tell you the truth" "Shshsh! Don't
try it, old man! George Washington did that
once, and look at him now he's deadi" Bal
timore Is ews.
Beyond further surprise. In view of E.
Benjamin Andrews' desertion of the silver
cause. Editor Bryan is not surprised at tho
Nebraska deluge. Chicago Tribune. 1
"What was the trouble?" "He couldn't
swim." "What has that to do with his fail
ure?" He got into a company where tho
stock, was all water." Chicago Evening Post.
He (after a tltl) Going home to your mother,
eh? She Yes, I am. He Huh! What do you
suppose she'll say to you? She She'll say
"I told you so." (He made up.) New Tork
Weekly.
'Wantann'a I wonder if Gabsky will re
cite for me at my little party this evening?
Duzno-He will unless you "know some as
yet undiscovered way to prevent him. Balti
more- American.
Ethel There, I've forgotten to attend &
function to which I was Invited. How careless.
George You should have an engagementi cal
endar. Ethel Oh. George, this Is so- sudden.
Chicago Becord-Herald.
Kitty They tell me Fred has proposed to
you? Bertha Well, no; not exactly; but it
amounts to that. He asked me night befote
last if my father was worth as much as
they say he is. Boston Transcript.
"Very often. I suppose," said the Inquisi
tive person, "you are deceived by apparent
ly deserving objects of charity whom you.
quietly help." "les. indeed." replied tha
'wealthy philanthropist, "it's Just like throw
ing money away. Sometimes the very people
you think will advertise you most never sax
a word about it." Philadelphia Presa,