its rgxxmcas Entered .at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION' RATES. By Mail (postage prepaid. In advance)-- Dally, with Sunday, per month JO. S3 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year. .- 7.W Dally, -with Sunday, per year - 8-00 Sunday, per year ..... 2.00 The Weekly, per year 1-50 The Weekly, 3 month -M To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered, Sunday excepted.l5c Dally, per -week, delivered. Sunday Included. 20a POSTAGE BATES. United Statu Hans.da. and Mexico 20 to 44-page paper lc am uj ovyage paper ......-...-..---"-52 to 44-Dasro Daier ....-......----...-2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended Tor publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscription, or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonian- The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Eastern Business Office, 43. 44, 45. 4T. 4S. 4 Tribune building. New York City;. 510-11-12 Tribune building, Chicago: the S. C Beckwlth Special Agency, Eastern representative. For sale in San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., 230 Butter street; F. W. Pitts, 100S Market street; 7. K. Cooper Co., 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry news stand; Frank Scott. 0 Ellis street, and N. Wheatley. S13 Mission street. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 50 South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 05 South Spring street. For sale in Kansas City, Ma, by Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut streets. For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald. C3 Washington street. For eale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street; Megeath. Stationery Co., 1303 Farnam etreet. For sale In Ogden by W- G. Kind. 114 25th etreet; Jas. H. CrockweU. 242 25th street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 West Second South street. For sale In Washington. D.C, by the Ebbett House new stand. For sale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrick, 000-912 Seventeenth street; Louthan & Jackson Book & Stationery Co.. Fifteenth and Imwrence streets; A. Series, Sixteenth and Curtis streets. YESTERDAY'S YEATHER Maximum, tem perature, 61; minimum temperature, 54; pre cipitation, -01 of an inch. TODAY'S WEATHER Showers; south to west winds. PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JUNE 13. PERPETUAL TARIFFS. One reason why European industry complains so little as it does about its divergent and often burdensome tariff systems is that each nation pursues a moderately steady policy. They change the rates slightly upon occasion, but such a thing as a revolutionary change, in favor with our American extremists In both parties, is unheard-of. Great Britain, as is well known, has adhered to an unbroken policy for sev enty years. On the Continent the most notable feature of tariff legislation is Its stability. In Belgium is In force the customs law of June 8, 1SS7; In Ger many, the tariff of July 15. 1879, with a few subsequent amendments; In Prance, the maximum and minimum tariff of January 11. 1892, slightly amended by the act of August 15, 1S95; in Italy, the tariff of July 14, 1887; in Austria-Hungary, the customs laws of May 25, 1882, and May 21. 1887; in Russia, the tariff law of June 11, 1891, which was amend ed by an order of the Council of State, approved June 1, 1893 (this order de creed maximum and minimum duties and fixed those of the tariff In force as the latter: and In Switzerland, the tar iff of April 10, 1891. Supplementary to these general enact ments are commercial treaties between the Continental nations. They last a long time, and therefore changes are slight and few. Those now in effect are mostly ten or more years old. Among the .most important of these agreements may be mentioned: Austria-Hungary and Belgium, of December fl. 1S91. Austria-Hungary and Germany, of Decem ber 6, 1S91. . Austria-Hungary and Italy, of December 0. 1691. Austria-Hungary and Switzerland, of Decem ber 10, JS91. Austria-Hungary and Russia, of May C. 1K4. Germany and Belgium, of December 6, 1S91. Germany and Italy, of December 6, 1691. Germany and Switzerland, of December l6 1801. Germany and Russia, of January 29. 1601. Italy and Switzerland, of April 19. 1B92. France and Belgium, of May 15. 1892. France and Great Britain, of February 6. 1693. France und Russia, of June 5. 1693. France and Switzerland, of June 25. 1895. Belgium and Switzerland, of July 3. 1RK9 American tariff practice differs from' .European in two important respects our constant expectation of violent changes and our aversion to necessary slight changes. Our policy toward sugar, for example, and wood and hides, and many other staples, underwent the most revolutionary possible action when the McKlnley bill was passed, and again when the "Wilson bill was passed. "Whenever the Administration passes from one party to another in this coun try, the programme Is a reversal of tar iff policy and a general menace to busi ness. Uncertainty and change are sad disturbers of business prosperity. This is partly why, with all its faults, the Republican party is preferred by manu facturers to the Democratic party. They know what to expect with con tinuance of Republican rule; they don't know what they would get under Demo cratic rule. On the other hand, they know1 enough In Europe to change duties when, in minor details they have become out dated. Our unwillingness to revise the tariff in specific spots, when Justice and expediency require, is partly due to ig norance of our professed statesmen, who study ward politics more than they do commercial needs, partly to superstitious worship of figures and punctuation-marks in tariff bills, and partly to more or less corrupt subservi ence to the great protected corpora tions. This timid, -unbusinesslike and Im moral "policy is bad for the country, in asmuch as it goads the people to at tempt dispossession of the Republicans in favor of the Democrats. "What more than anything else menaces the con tinuance of the Republican party in power today is its senseless and craven acquiescence in the demand of the great protected interests for continued plun der of the people under -guise of "pro jection." This temptation could be re moved by a few changes in a few schedules which afford shelter for mo nopoly. But they are not made, and In consequence a tariff revolution is .threatened through Democratic suc cess. Aldrlch and Hanna would rather -sink the ship than throw a few barrels of sand overboard. The recent exhaustive address of Mr. Dill on corporation law moves the Min neapolis Tribune" to recall other corpo ration lawyers who have' rendered good service to public affairs-Judge Dillon, for example. Especially deserved, also, te- the honorable -mention .it gives Mr. Charles A Gardiner, "of New, York, who as attorney for the Metropolitan Street Railway is a very busy man, but who four or five years ago turned his back on boardroom and consultation office .and devoted months of hard labor to profound research Into the constitu tional law of National expansion. Per sons who had to deal in one way or an other with the new and puzzling ques tlons pitchforked on the country by the swift results of the Spanish War will not forget their debt to Mr. Gard iner for that first Albany address on the principles and practice of National sov ereignty. It dug out of early American 'history and Supreme Court reports and put Into popular form the principles of government that have been applied in dealing with new territory ever since from the War Department up to the Supreme Court. .As the Tribune sagely observed, "so " long as lawyers of the modern commercial type do these things, we need not stop calling the law a. profession, everr:if they deliver no great orations." "3IIGMT MAKE HIM SLOW." A fellow named-. CowkIH. at Baker City, who makes his living by fawning on railroad magnates, publishes In the Baker Democrat an article in which he accuses The Oregonlan of "hammer ing Harriman." and of "houndinsr his .movements In the Northwest" The Ore gonlan has expressed a very earnest de sire that Oregon shall not forever be neglected In the operations of the great railway syndicate of which Mr. Harri man. is the head. No part of the Union Pacific system is more profitable than the O. R. & N.; and The Oregonlan would like to see Mr. Harriman do something for the development of the newer parts of -this country, which are without railroads and can't make an other step of progress till railroads are assured. , To the north of us a great railway combination Is making immense efforts for development of the country and ex tension of commerce; to the south of us another great railway combination is doing a like thing. The system to the north of us merely touches Oregon; no more. The one south of us covers Ore gon and the great valley of the Colum bia. NBut It ceased years andt years ago to give Oregon and the country of the great Columbia Valley new facilities. It sits still .on this . vast empire, and lias done so these twenty, years. The Oregonlan would be glad to -see it stirred to new action. This is the reason why The'Orecro- nian has spoken so earnestly.' 'TJie fel low cowglll asks: "Is there not some thing behind these attacks on Harriman and may they not be the very mea,hs of making him slow In .moving In Ore gon?" Yes; there is something behind the criticisms of The Oregonlan That something is its earnest desire to get things done in this state, commensur able with what has been done by the great railway syndicates in the States ofCallfornlaandWashlngton. Small dan ger, either, that the management of the railroads here will s'be made more slow in moving in Oregon" than It has been. There Is the whole Eastern Oregon country. There is the whole North western Oregon country. There is the whole southwestern country. Into these great regions only the Union Pa cific-Southern Pacific combination can make entrance or get footing. And there Is the great Snake River and Clearwater country, which, the Union ruciHc nas anowea itself to be bluffed out of, as It has been hitherto out of- the Nehalem and coast country. It is Just as well, as The Oregpnian humbly con ceives, to speak plainly about these things. The notion that criticism might "make the movement slow" is worth a leather medal. "Slow," indeed! Pity, indeed, if in the matter of opening and developing Oregon somebody should be Irritated to the point of slowness! THE COMING WHEAT CROP. It is the June rains that make the .wheat crop throughout the greater por tion of the Inland Empire, and advices from Walla Walla and Uniatilla Coun ties are to the effect that a sufficient amount of moisture has fallen in those great wheat regions within the past three days to assure a fairly good crop of wheat. There is, of course, time for a hot wind to cut down present esti mates quite materially, but the out look now Is so much brighter than it ;Was a week,ago that farmers, as well as all others directly Interested In the Industry, are quite Jubilant over the change. It Is,-of course, too early for anything like accurate estimates as to the probable; out-turn, but with a con tinuation of favorable conditions from now until harvest the crop of the three North Pacific States should approxi mate 35,000,000 bushels, and might ex ceed that figure. The crop Is from two to three weeks later than usual, and for this reason is in greater Jeopardy from hot winds. As matters now stand, Portland will probably handle a larger proportion of the crop of the three states than she has handled at any season for the past three years. The Increase in shipments shown on Puget Sound ports during that time was due to a large amount of new acreage in the Big Bend and on the light lands tributary to the main line of the Northern Pacific These re gions have turned off some wonderful yields in the past two years, while the territory tributary to Portland has shown very little Increase in new acre age and the crops have been poor. This year the outlook in the Big Bend and on a considerable portion of the light lands lying farther south is very poor, some wheat men of excellent judgment predicting less than half a crop. South of Snake River and through portions of the Palouse tributary to Portland the recent rains have assured a fair crop, and the river counties, while late, are In much better shape than was ex pected earlier In the month. From present indications even a 35,-000,000-bushel crop In Oregon, Wash ington and Idaho will be of more value to the growers than the 40,000,000-bushel crop of last year. Prices at the pres ent time are 10 to 15 cents per bushel higher than last year, and there is but slight prospect for any decline at least before the turn of the year. The mar ket for ocean freights is at very low ebb, and enough tonnage could be char tered to load the entire crop of the three states at the lowest average rate on rec ord. Grain bags are also much cheaper than they have been for the past three years, and the only Increased expense to the wheatgrower Is in the matter of labor. The Willamette Valley has al most ceased to figure as an exporter of wheat, but the crop this year is report ed in better shape than that of a year ago. There is an increasing tendency in" the Willamette- to Teed wheat to hogs, and for this purpose the cereal Is said to be more valuable than for shipment. The extent qf this practice cannot be accurately determined, but THE MOBNING it lSibelieved that-fn the aggregate the amount oi valley wheat thus with drawn from export purposes is consid erable. - A short crop In the Puget Sound ter ritory and a fairly good cron In Port land territory would puncture. some of the bombastic -yarns that have been put 'forth In. the Puget Sound papers re garding alleged gains In the -vtat traae at. tee expense.-of Portland. , Seat tle and. Tacoma have both made Iarire gains In the business, but none of the gam in the wheat trade has been at the expense of Portland. It has all been from territory not reached by the lines operating from this city. If Port land next season should show a gain of 25 per cent over Puget Sound ports, It wouia renect no more discredit on Se attle or Tacoma than was reflected on Portland two years ago, when a rec ord-breaking yield In the Big Bend and other Puget Sound territory and a short crop In Portland territory enabled I'uget bound to surpass Portland in the amount of wheat exported. It would, however, cause a deep silence In certain newspaper ouices not a thousand miles irom commencement nay. DEATH OP GENERAL M'COOIC Major-General Alexander McDowell McCook, United States Army, who died yesterday, graduated from West Point in 1852, ranking thirty in a class of forty-three members, which included Generals Henry W. Slocum. David S. Stanley, George I. Hartsuff. Charles R. Woods, August V. Kautz, George Crook, Thomas L. Casey, George H. Mendell, of the Union Army, and Gen erals George B. Anderson, John H. Forney and George R. Cosby, of the Confederate army.- The outbreak of the Civil War found him a Captain In the Third United States infantry. He was made Colonel of the First Ohio Volunteers in April, 1861; Brigadier General of Volunteers In September, 1861; Major-General of Volunteers in July, 1862. On the reorganization of the regular Army in 1866 General McCook was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth United States Infantry; he became Colonel of the Sixth Infantry In 18S0, Major-General in 1894, and was retired under the age limit In 1895. General McCook had a distinguished military career, which began at the first battle of Bull Run and practically ter minated when he was relieved from command after Rosecrans great defeat at Chlckamauga. General McCook commanded a division of Buell's army at ShIIoh on the second day; he com manded a corps of General Buell's army at the battle of Perryvllle; he com manded the right wing of Rosecrans army at the battle of Stone River, and to McCook's tactical errors In ' the formation of his lines Rosecrans ascribed the terrible disaster of the first day's battle. Rosecrans, in his report, speaks repeatedly of "the faulty line of McCook's formation on the right." At Chlckamauga General Mc Cook commanded a corps, and his com mand, together with the corps of Gen eral Crittenden, was swept from the field. Rosecrans again severely criti cised McCook's tactical formation of his lines as exceedingly faulty. McCook was relieved from command immedi ately after the battle and ordered North to await the result of a court of in quiry into his conduct the day of the defeat of Chlckamauga, Nothing could result from such a court fairly but acquittal. Rosecrans dlscbvered the tactical errors of Mc Cook the day before the battle, both at Stone River and Chlckamauga, but he was too genial and kindly a man at once to order the tactical errors to be corrected. McCook was confident his formation, was as good as could be made, but the result was that the corp3 of McCook In both battles was driven from the field. McCook was a very gal lant and energetic soldier, but he lacked the ability to handle large bodies of troops independently of a superior offi cer to give him commands. This lim itation of his military capacity was so clearly shown at Perryvllle that Mc Cook ought never to have been placed in command of the right wing at Stone Reiver, and after the disaster of that day to place McCook in charge of a corps at Chlckamauga was Inexcusable weak ness on the part of Rosecrans. McCook was a very gallant officer, an excellent brigade and division commander, but he was not equal to the independent command of as large a body of troops as an army corps. The disasters of Perryvllle, the terrible losses of Stone River and the defeat of Chlckamauga attest the military limitations of Gen eral McCook. General McCook belonged to a dis tinguished military family; his broth er. General Robert L. McCook, was shot to death by the enemy while lying sick and helpless In an ambulance; his" brother. General Daniel McCook, was killed while leading a charge on the enemy's works at Kenesaw Mountain; his brothers, Generals E. M. McCoofc, and Anson G. McCook,, were distin guished officers of the Union Army, and his father was killed while fighting General Morgan's men in their- famous raid throiigh Ohio. OXE TYPE OF ROYALTY. King Alexander of Servla, low browed, round-headed, thick-necked. was what his physiognomy proclaimed him to be brutal, tyrannical, obstinate. All of this .his father before him was; and his mother, from whence came his Russian blood, was an adventuress without womanly refinement or honor, but withal shrewd, crafty and deter mined. The son of such parents, the young King, so unfortunately endowed by Nature, was feared and hater by his subjects. The tragical close of his life may arouse pity, but nothing, that he left in the way of a record excites ad miration, except the final act, in which, sheltering his wife In his arms in the futile attempt to protect her from the violence of a maddened soldiery, he hurled back with-pIstol-shot and impre cation the declaration that he had mar ried a "public 'prostitute," which was coupled with the demand for his abdi cation. Perhaps it was bulldog courage rather than any feeling of refinement, justice or sentiment that brought him to bay and made the last act . of his life a heroic one; but the fact remains that his dying pose challenges admira tion, even as his attitude throughout his brief .and stormy reign caused him to be detested both as a man and a ruler. The woman to whom he rave title of Queen of Ser,via was unworthy the' respect even of the Servians. Alex ander himself was not more worthy. The marriage, from a. standpoint of morals, was not unsuitable, but from the ; standpoint of expediency, from which royal marriages are usually Judged, It was a blunder into which only a coarse, passionate man. habitu ally accustomed to disregard the rights and feelings of others, would have OREGOKIAN, SATUBD'AT, stumbled. It blocked the possibility of peace or harmony in the kingdom, and, this being true, the Servian people, not overnice in matters of "humanity, re joice in the murder of their rulers as the only possible relief from an intoler able situation. Tt !a flcsnfltlsm tpm. rpered by assassination. And Natalie, the divorced Queen mother. Time, was when the sympathy of the civilized world was with her in her flight from Belgrade and her maternal anguish in being deprived of her young son. But the sympathy then engendered in her behalf turned to contempt, and finally Uo disgust, when later she strove to nave trie decree that released her from her brutal husband canceled that she might return to the Servian capital and resume her governmental and political intrigues. In her later banishment she has not been followed by sympathy, but this sentiment cannot fail to be revived now that in a mother's distrac tion she mourns the assassination of her son. But perhaps she, too, has rea son to rejoice that the end has come, even while she deplores the manner of Its coming, since the situation must have been a distressing one to her, shadowed as it was by disgrace and impending disaster. The death of General Alexander Mc Dowell McCook reduces to sixteen the number of Major-Generals of the Civil War who survive. The survivors are: Cassius M. Clay, Napoleon J. T. Dana,. Granville M. Dodge, Francis Fessenden, Benjamin H. Grlerson, Oliver O.' How ard, Wesley Merrltt, Nelson A. Miles, Peter J. Osterhaus, John M. Schofleld, Carl Schunr, Daniel E. Sickles, Julius Stahel, Lew Wallace, James H. Wilson and Thomas J. Wood. Generals Dana, FeBsenden, Grlerson. Howard, Merrltt, Miles, Schofleld, Sickles, Wilson and Wood are still in the Army, Miles being the only one still In active service. Generals Schofleld and Miles reached the rank of Lelutenant-General; Gen erals Sickles, Howard and Merrltt that o Major-General in the permanent es tablishment; Generals Fessenden,Wooc Wilson and Grlerson retired as Brigadier-Generals in the regular Army, and. General Dana is retired as a Captain. Few people are probably aware of the fact that it cost Senator Gorman In round figures 5100,000 to carry the State Legislature last year and secure a nom ination and election." says the Balti more Herald (Ind.). "It was undoubt edly the most expensive campaign for any one aspirant in the history of the state." More than 300 election judges and clerks are under Indictment by the grand Jury, the votes of four precincts' are uncounted, and the Republican can didate for the Mayoralty has petitioned the courts for a recount of the votes, the answer being due on June 13. Tha Herald, in a double-leaded editorial. says: "More than a score of men plot ted these schemes, and among them the names of Arthur P. Gorman, John Wal ter Smith and John P. Roe are especial ly to be remembered." "The corruption of-morals has already begun at the top and In the cream of society, not In the slums. There Is a terrible materialism which seems like ly tO SWeeD awav thf hnm nnrt Runriav public worship," says the bishop of itensington. Wherein the good bishop shows a logical grasp of sociolosry. Cor ruption begins In the highest circles and worKs down to the common people.' It taks time- for irrellgion and immoral ity to sift down to the bottom of the social scale, but when It is there, civic vigor is at an end. Anarchy In the poor follows, not precedes, anarchy in the rich. They are looking Into the wrong end of the telescope who fancy that the overthrow of our Institutions Is beginning with the working classes. Flat charges of corruntlm th rnmr of Senator for unbecoming conduct, and various unsavory rumors In connection with other members of the Masahuitittit THinti.n are Indications of political ill-health in an un usual quarter. New Tork Evening Post. Which is the true antl way of look ing at it Discovery and punishment of irregularities could never be remind ers of a healthy sense of Justice, onlv of ill-health. As a matter of .fact, the general advance upon corruption every- wnere is one of the healthiest signs of the times. Much of it In the Postofflce Department as well as elsewhere, is due to the presence of a stalwart chamnlnn of righteousness in the Presidential chair. There are no disclosures of rot tenness In times of low public morality. crimes are covered up. , The tendency toward liberal Chris tianity in orthodox churches has had a striking Illustration In this city recently in the declaration of principles formu lated by the Central Baptist, the seced ing element of the Second Baptist Church. Discarding all verbiage in re gard to baptism, foreordlnatlon, elec tion, etc, this new organization pro claims the New Testament a sufficient and binding rule of faith and adopts It as the organic law of the church. This being the spirit of the new chruch, per haps the public may be able to say, la looking on: "Behold how good and how pleasant it Is for brethren to dwell to gether in unity." The Portland police force, as at pres ent organized and officered, may not be the terror to highwaymen, crimps and other evil-doers of which a loyal public fondly dreamed while "recon struction" was In progress. But indi vidual members of the force are deter mined There Is no doubt about that. Like the man who was bound to keep up with the funeral procession, if It killed the horse, they are determined to get photographs of captured women. who have been duly placed under lock and key, when they go for them. If they have to first disable the subjects. Let the criminal element take due warn ing. Steamboat captains are having their flood troubles, and property-owners along the banks of the swollen river are having theirs. The first protest against the complaints-made declaring that they pass submerged wharves and other movable property under a "slow bell." The latter charge "full speed" and damaging swells as a result. The conflict of statements Is likely to con tinue until the waters abate, since dif ferences of opinion are In this case ap parently irreconcilable.' The prolonged life and unimpaired mental ability of the pope attest before the whole world the value of abstemious and methodical habits of living. Though a nonagenarian and bodily feeble, His Holiness stilL performs the exacting duties of his office! his mental force and vigor being practically unimpaired. His example in simple rules of living is one which an overfed world may observe with profit. But it is not likely that it win;. JUNE 13, 1903. RECIPROCITY WITH CANADA St. Paul Pioneer Press. -There are several things which should make for a successful issue of the fight before Congress for reciprocity with Can ada at the coming session. First, there la the awakening caused by Mr. Cham berlain's pronouncement in favor of a tariff against all the rest of the world, and reciprocity between Britain and her dependencies. There's a fine apple on the Canadian tree, at which American states men have looked with indifference so long as it seemed that nobody elsje would pluck It. and that Uncle Sain sould do so whenever he should please. The spectacle of Great Britain reaching for that apple rouses American combatlveness. Next, a larger portion of our people favor reci procity than ever before. States whose largest Interests were not long ago opposed to reciprocity, like Minnesota Wisconsin and Michigan, are now prepared to wel come it. The lumbering interest, for In stance, once so preponderant, is now en tirely overshadowed by Interests con cerned only in getting lumber for building and manufacturing purposes in the cheap est market, it matters not whether at home or abroad. Even a certain portion of the lumber dealers favor the removal of the duty on Canadian lumber. Cana dian wheat Is wanted for grinding In the Twin City mills, and access thereto, duty free, would not a little facilitate the solu tion of the difficulties now facing those mills in competing with the millers of the East. Reciprocity with Canada alone would afford an easy path by which statesmen who wish to appear concilia tory toward tariff revisionists, without conceding much to revision, may attain their "end and acquire a reputation for breadth." As for Canada, eager as she Is and always has been for reciprocity, she has already assumed the character istic posture of the maiden needing to be much persuaded, in order that the Dominion may get better terms. But if reciprocity with the United States is seen to be at last really within her reach we may be fairly sure that none of Chamber lalns blandishments will have effect In leading her to prefer, reciprocity with Britain. Canada knows on which side her bread Is buttered. It will not ba easy for her. with her revenue system resting upon conditions which have grown up since the abrogation of the reciprocity w r. ?,C 40 years s0 to arrange for such full and complete freedom of trade with the United States as then existed but frank and liberal approaches such as are dictated by the largest interests of our Nation-on the part of the United States. WOUld no dnnhf "ha u.j 1 euch a partial letting down of barriers as would result In added prosperity to all on both sides of the boundary. THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE. W?ti25ew Yirk Sun recently published the history of the notable case of the People against Phillips, argued before the Court of General Sessions of New York City, in June, 1813. De Witt Clinton, then Mayor of New York City, . presiding. A Catholic priest. Father Kohlmann, had re stored some stolen goods to one James Keating. Keating had previously accused a man named Phillips and wife of having received the stolen goods, .and they were Indicted. Father Kohlmann was cited be fore the court and asked to give evidenco as to the person from whom he had re ceived the stolen property. He refused on the ground that no court could require a priest to give evidence In regard to matters known to him only under the seal of confession. He was pre sented to the grand Jury because of this refusal, and the case went before the Sessions on June 8, 1813. The District Attorney Insisted that the sacrament of penance was unknown In New York, and that a due respect for the law required that there should be no means whereby the state should be pre vented from eliciting all proper evidence on a criminal trial; that the people of the United States were a Christian Protestant people and that the Constitution required that all persons should stand equal before the law, and that no form of rejlglon should be protected or specially recog nized by the law or be nhnv it. The decision of the court was unani mous against him. "We speak of this question." -says Do Witt Clinton, who delivered the decision, "not In a theological sense but in Its legal and Constitutional bearings. Although we differ from the witness and his brethren in our religious creed, yet we have no reason to question the purity of their mo tives or to impeach their good conduct as citizens. They are protected by the laws and Constitution of the country in the full and free exercise of their religion, and this court can never countenance or au thorize the application of insult to their faith or of torture to their consciences." The principle of this decision It was the first time the Issue had been raised In the United States was later embodied in the Revised Statutes of the State, Part Iir, chapter 7, article VIII, section 72: "No minister of the Gospel or priest of any denomination whatsoever shall be allowed to disclose any confessions made to him in his professional character In the course of discipline enjoined by the rules or prac tices of such denomination." The Broom Displaced. Our British cousins are said to be slow witted, but they sometimes hit on a good idea, as, for example, the housecleaning device Invented by a Londoner and de scribed by Consul Mahln, of Nottingham, In a recent report to the State Depart ment. The device consists essentially of an air pump which will' suck air at a rapid rate into a tube flattened at the moveable end. The opening at the end of the tube is, in fact, a long, narrow slit. When It is rubbed over the carpet or up and down the cloth covering of settees or chairs it quickly sucks out all the dust, extracting It not only from the surface, but also from the body of the substance and from underneath it the underfelt being thus cleaned. Not a particle of dust can be detected If the carpet is then beaten. No dust Is raised in a room. All Is sucked through the hose into the filter. In a simllat way walls may be cleaned of dust, the cleaner being a brush of horseshoe shape, with an exhaust tube In the center. The machine may be on wheels or stationary. In hotels, theaters, large business houses and the like It is proposed to install permanent stationary plants, so that cleaning can take place daily, thus practically abolishing sweep ing. The After Cost of War. Knoxvllle, Tenn., Sentinel. A glance at the summary of a report re cently Issued by Pension Commissioner Ware will at once dismiss the charge that "republics are ungrateful," at least In so far as this Government is concerned. This summary shows the following aggregate of money disbursed as pensions to men who have served in the American Army and Navy: Revolutionary War (estimated).? 70,000.000 War of 1S12 45.000.000 Indian Wars, 1S32-1S42 5,800.000 War with Mexico 31.800.000 War of the Rebellion 5,7.000,000 War with Spain 3,275,000 Xo Mouse In. Sight. Providence Journal. A Vassar girl has broken the record from the running high jump, clearing four feet two and one-half inches. And there was no mouse in sight. 1 She Dvrelt Among the Uatroddea Wayw. William Wordsworth. She dwelt among tha untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove; A maid whom there were none to praise. And very few to love. A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye: Fair as a star, when pniy.ose Is shining in the sky. She lived unknown, and -few could know When Lucy ceased to be; - . . But she is in her garave, asd, O, The difference to me! $15,000,000 FOR IRRIGATION. Chicago Inter Ocean. -The irrigation law of June 17, 1902, pro vided that all moneys received from the sale and disposition of public ianfis in Arizona. California, Idaho, Kansas, Mon tana. Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon. South Dakota. Utah. Washington and Wyoming should be set aside as a reclamation fund for arid lands in the states named. The Commissioner of the General Land Office reports that after deducting the proceeds of land eales set aside for educa tional and other purposes the irrigation fund amounts to Tr.530.33S. this covering the two fiscal years 1901 and 1902. The re turns on the sale of public lands for the first three-quarters of the present fiscal year indicate that receipts will be about equal to the two preceding years. There fore, the Irrigation fund In the Treasury Department will, on the 1st of July next, be about $15,000,000. The Federal law of 1902 was so framed as not to Interfere with Irrigation plans forwarded by the several states. The law contemplated tha expenditure of money received for land In any particu lar state for the benefit of that state. The title and the management and op eration of the reservoirs and the works necessary for their protection are to re main In the government until otherwise provided by Congress. While the work Is to be done under the direction of the Federal Government, each state Is to have the benefit of the fund apportioned to that state, the size of this fund de pending upon the sales of public land. under this rule Oklahoma will receive U. 003,795 of the fund now Jn the treasury. T,th Dakota H. 227.000 and Oregon $910,000. while Arizona will receive only JS1.773 New Mexico W7.237 and Kansas $49,135. It will be seen by this that the method of dis tribution Is hardly fair. It may happen mat the states most In need of Irrigation cannot, under this lawhave the irriga tion needed unless the sales of land In these states provide the funds. PRESIDENT AND THE CIVIL SERVICE MTh5 ew York Even,nff Post gives Pres laeav Roosevelt warm praise for having made the Civil Service Commission the most satisfactory that has thus far held office, and for removing prominent offi cers who had violated the law by accept ing forced resignations from some and by declining to appoint others. Included among these removals were the Surveyor General of Colorado, the Collectors at El Paso and Louisville and the Postmaster of, Philadelphia. The Post further says: Early in his term President Roosevelt Included within the rules 11.SQ0 rural free delivery postal employes, and ISOO field employes of the War Department, who were excluded by the order of May, 1893. He has established a registration system for the selection of laborers in the Wash ington departments and has more recent ly extended this to the larger outside of fices. Mr. Roosevelt defeated the plan to foist upon the permanent civil service the great body of temporarily appointed cen sus clerks, and brought about the estab lishment by Congress of a permanent classified Census Bureau on the same footing as other departments of the Gov ernment. The President has also insisted 'that not an office should be tilled In the Philippines or Porto Rico with any re gard to the man's partisan affiliation or service, with any regard to the political, social, or personal Influence which he may have at his command' "But this Is not all. Soon after taking uiucu iitr. xtooseveit approved amend ments to the rules which restored some of the safecuards removed hv "PrAMon xr. KInley on May 1. 1S99, and only two monins ago signea a complete revision of the rules which will establish a general system far in advance of the old one. It does away with the many objectionable features of Mr. McKInley's amendments, and restores many offices to the competi tive clasB." Synthesis of Sugar. London Engineering describes an elec trical process by which Julius Walther, of St. Petersburg, recently produced sugar and other organic substances. Starting wiimcaruouc acia, generated irom marble and hydrochloric acid, he was able by In creasing the voltage and strength of cur rent to make oxalic acid; then tartaric acid, then citric acid, then fruit sugar and finally grape sugar. The extremities of the wires of his battery in some experi ments were of platinum and a clay pot was used as a diaphragm. The anode so lution was kept about 10 degrees warmer than the cathode solution. With a differ ence of potential of two volts carbolic acid appeared, and by suitable manipu lation of the current the other products in the order named. Walther regards the phenomenon as essentially an oxidation andreduction process. His feat leads En gineering to discuss the obliteration of the dividing line between organic and inor 'ganlc chemistry and that between ani mate and Inanimate substances. Most-Spoken IangiiaKCS. New York Commercial Advertiser. The most-spoken language Is Chinese; but as there are so many dialects In the language, and as these differ so greatly In the confines of Mongolia and Thibet from those around Pekln. it is scarcely correct to say. that the 382.000,000 Celestials all speak one language. Putting, therefore, China aside, the most-spoken languages in the world are as follows, in millions: English, 120; German, 70; Russian, 63; Spanish, 44; Portuguese, 32. If we were to measure theso in ratio on a-two-foot rule, we should get the following results: Portuguese, 4 Inches; Spanish, 5& Inches; Russian, S inches; German, inches; English, 1 foot 3 Inches. The Tribute-Bearer. John Jerome Booney in New Tork Times On Decoration Day, at Arlington-on-thV Potomac. a boatload of flowers was sent adrift down the river as an offering to the sailors whe died at sea for the Nation. Boses, lilies and violets. Wild 'flowers out of the wood. Blooms of the city gardens, Sprays from the solitude Here to the courier Blver, Tha scout of the mighty sea, We bring a tribute unconquer'd . Free as the waters are free I Take it. O courier Blver, To the sound of our requiem, strain. Take It and bear It downward To the shining hosts of the main. And, courier, fail not to tell them. Those vanished-hosts of ours. That the tears and love of a nation Float seaward with the flowers. Tell them the land they ded for Lies smiling beneath the sun; " That every hill is greener For the work their hands have done. Tell them, courier Blver, The blood that they haveshed Has dyed the red of our banner A heart-ens an gu In' d red; That the stars are shining brighter In the field of our banner's blue Because their souls were fearless, . Their sailor hearts were true. O pay them, courier Blver, Some titho of our ancient debt. , And whisper to each dear brother That he is remembered yet; That the vision of endless riches. The dream of an Empire's power. Steal not from our true heart-treasures The gold of his last red hour. And fail not, courier Biver, To tell our vanished hosts To wait the sea with our Captains ( And guard the sacred coasts ' For the coasts are now thrice-sacred Thrice-sacred, being theirs And. together, no crafty foexnan . Can take us unawares! Peace, peace to the strains of glory Our eyes are dim with mist Our thoughts are floating seaward And our hearts cannot resist. So fall not, courier Blver, To bear this tithe of our' debt As an earnest of love unbroken That the years may sot forget! . NOTE AND COMMENT. We do" not envy the 'skuptschlna and It3 new Job. Itseems Mr. Chamberlain didn't know it was loaded. . If .the city can't sprinkle the streets, the weather man can. The price of baking powder is falling, but the powder is still on the rise. Miss McCarty won't have to stint her self on soda water this Summer, anyway. There Is a great" falling off In the num ber of . persons who would like to be Kings. The Servian ruler with the unpronounc able name will now have the pleasure of settling with the mob. There seems to be pretty near as much excitement In Servla as though- there was a postal scandal or a Legislature. Owl cars are principally meant for night hawks and people who are out on bats. Lots of natural history In this. The enterprising polyscope operators are no doubt all wishing they had been present at King Alexander's evening re ception. A California boy shot his brother rather than have him suffer the ignominy of being whipped by a teacher. The brother must have been greatly tickled by the act. The lightning that struck the New York school didn't kill any of the pupils, for the reason that they thought It was noth ing but football, and gave the lightning all that It wanted. When the friends of the rival claimants of the discovery of anaesthesia were pro posing monuments for each other, Oliver Wendell Holmes suggested that all should unite In erecting a single memorial, with a central group symbolizing painless sur gery, a statue of Jackson on one side, a statue of Morton on the other and the In scription beneath "To E(l)ther." In his recent' brochure on Zola, M. Fa guet, of the Academic Francalse, says: "Zola began to write too soon. Every "man who writes before he is 30, and who does not devote the golden age of his life from the 20th year to the 30th to read ing, observing and thinking, without writ ing a line, runs the risk of "having no brain and of being but a Journeyman au thor. There are some exceptions, but they are rare." Mayor Seth Low, of New York, despito his pleasant smile and cordial grasp of his hand, Is regarded by those who have occasion to do much public business with him as a cold man. He has never shown one spark of temper since elected to the office of Mayor, and this is a case of re markable self-control. It Is asserted, aa he has a temper that would blaze up If he would let it. During the recent visit of Emperor William to the pope the venerable pontiff showed great interest in the Emperor's boys. It is said that he took Prince Eitel Fritz by the hand and said: "You must be about the age of my godson, Alphonso of Spain, whom I shall never see." When the visit of the Kaiser and his sons was over the pope remarked: "Those are boys to be proud of, but slxl How is 11 the Emperor can look so young?" The New York Rialto is laughing over a story told on Will Carleton, the poet, who Is "also a publisher. The other day he appeared at his office in a new coat, which he hung up. It fell to the dusty floor. The office boy picked the garment up without brushing It and helped Mr. Carleton put.it on. Catching a glimpse of his own disreputable appearance in a mirror, the poet thundered: "Boy! What do you mean by this? I come in here looking like a publisher and you send me out looking like an author!" To Mrs. C. B. Hollarn, of Dallas, prob ably belongs the distinction of holding more Important offices than any other woman in Texas, if' not In the country. She is Deputy United States Circuit Court Clerk. Deputy United States District Court Clerk, both for the Northern Dis trict of Texas; stenographer for the United States Marshal, and holds a com mls3lonjos Deputy United States Marshal for that district, as the law requires the Marshal's employes to be and act as Dep uty Marshals. This last gives her the right to carry "deadly weapons," but It Is stated that she has never tried to bluff any one. A certain American woman, the wife of a former Representative in Congress and Minister abroad, who now aims at social leadership in the most exclusive and top lofty circles of Washington, D. C, is noted for her love of display and her penchant for wearing about all the Jewels she can bear up under. One recent night she gave a dinner. Several members of the diplomatic set were present. Madam was in high feather, and she also wore a diamond tiara and several strings of pearls around her neck. During the even ing she complained of feeling a bit chilly, and told one of the servants to call her maid. When the maid appeared she I3 said to have shivered a trifle and ex claimed: "Susette, I am so cold; please get me another string of pearls." PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS "I'm feeling deucedly despondent, old chap." "Come and seo our pine play, ball they'll make you forget all the rest of.your troubles. Puck. "To tell you the truth" "Shshsh! Don't try it, old man! George Washington did that once, and look at him now he's deadi" Bal timore Is ews. Beyond further surprise. In view of E. Benjamin Andrews' desertion of the silver cause. Editor Bryan is not surprised at tho Nebraska deluge. Chicago Tribune. 1 "What was the trouble?" "He couldn't swim." "What has that to do with his fail ure?" He got into a company where tho stock, was all water." Chicago Evening Post. He (after a tltl) Going home to your mother, eh? She Yes, I am. He Huh! What do you suppose she'll say to you? She She'll say "I told you so." (He made up.) New Tork Weekly. 'Wantann'a I wonder if Gabsky will re cite for me at my little party this evening? Duzno-He will unless you "know some as yet undiscovered way to prevent him. Balti more- American. Ethel There, I've forgotten to attend & function to which I was Invited. How careless. George You should have an engagementi cal endar. Ethel Oh. George, this Is so- sudden. Chicago Becord-Herald. Kitty They tell me Fred has proposed to you? Bertha Well, no; not exactly; but it amounts to that. He asked me night befote last if my father was worth as much as they say he is. Boston Transcript. "Very often. I suppose," said the Inquisi tive person, "you are deceived by apparent ly deserving objects of charity whom you. quietly help." "les. indeed." replied tha 'wealthy philanthropist, "it's Just like throw ing money away. Sometimes the very people you think will advertise you most never sax a word about it." Philadelphia Presa,