THE MOVING OEEGONIAN,'. MOSpSAT, OCTOBER 6,- 1902.
CRESCENT CITY, CAL,
PAST HISTORY PRESENT PROSPERITY AND GREAT
FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF THRIVING TOW
CRESCENT CITY. Col., Oct. 1. Spe-
:cial.) To properly describe a city
or a country the writer ' must
presume every reader Is more or
less ignorant. In order that a lew
mav not say the description is lack
ing in detail. To describe Crescent City
Jn a lew words we would say: atx iso
lated, but a prosperous little city." Lo
cated on the shores of the Pacific Ocean
about 30 miles south of the line between
Oregon and California, 100 miles by stage
'line over the mountains from Grant's
fPaes, Or.,- 100 miles up the coast by -stage
from Eureka, Cal., and 2S3 miles by
steamer north from San Francisco, 6hows
nvr fay eixmv nra 1tn nplrrhborlns? cities
rThe population Is about 1000 (the census of
hsoo said 699). and there are at least 230
mien on the pay rolls in the factories and
teawmills. so that money is not scarce,
t-work is plenty, and the town shows evi
dence of permanent prosperity.
Away back, in 1S53 there was a lively
scramble through Crescent City out into
ithe mines, particularly those at Sailor
Diggings, near Waldo, in Oregon, and
business was lively and men made money
rapidly. "Wages for a common laborer
fwere then 55 a day, carpenters 53 and $10
a day; f relghthandlers received fl an hour,
!nd men who worked in the saw mills
$80 a month and board. Steamers and
sailing vessels brought goods into Cres
cent Bay from San Francisco, lightered
it off to the shore, as- there was no wharf,
Kind long strings of mules were driven
5out through the mountains and supplies
were furnished to the miners in Jackson,
Uosephlne and Douglas Counties in Ore
gon, and Del Norte and Siskiyou Coun
ties, in California, Those good times con
tinued until railroads in Oregon and Cali
fornia brought cheaper methods of freight
'transportation and then the large stocks
of goods In wholesale houses at Crescent
City gradually were reduced and only
the retail trade remained. In 1S69 Messrs.
Wenger," Essweln and others built a small
aw mill out at Lake Earl, threo miles
from" here, and it has been gradually en
larged until now Its dally capacity is
about 40,000 feet, and in 1871 Messrs.
iHobbs, Pomeroy and others built a saw
mill here in Crescent City, and gradually
the plant was increased by adding steam
ers, wharves, railroads, box factory, etc.,
until now its value Is over 51.000.000, and
the daily .capacity of the saw mill is 73,000
ieet,v
These pay-rolls having gradually grown
Jarger the town has grown snd Is now
quite prosperous. Tnls may be illustrated
Jby a comparison of the statements of the
Del Norte County Bank, organized in
'iMay, 1900, with a paid-up capital of $25.
000. In December. 1900. It had on deposit.
according to Its published statement, $51,-
418, and in June, .1901, 5S6.G31. in jjeccm
her, 'ISOl, the deposits were 593,051; in
xJune, 1902, 5101,012, and on September 22,
$123,178, she-tag a healthy growth and
the prosperity of the community.
The -principal Industry in Crescent City
is lumbering. The firm of Hobbs, Wall &
Co., incorporated, . controls the stock in
the two steamers which ply between San
Francisco and Crescent City; the wharf
out into Crescent Bay; the railroad 14
irJles out into the timber and to Smltn
River Corners; the box factory, a .large
stock of general merchandise; the saw
mill; machine, car and blacksmith shops;
several blocks of residences In town; sev
eral hundred acres of land adjoining
Crescent City, and several thousand acres
of timber and .pasture; land in Del Norto
County. The management or tne wm -"-Hobbs,
Wall & Co. has been sagacious
wise, and althpugh the firm has al
most unlimited, power here, it has not
8,quced the privilege - and consequently is
well spoken of by its employes for fair
V 'I wages and liberal treatment, uuuu& we
Fpaet month there has been a change in
7 -the ownership of "slock' in the comrSany.
. .-...,.. TM-iUr.T- mnv Vir re-
ana WIlcLt IUU imaic
mains to be seen. " '
1 The wages paid in the saw mills range
ilrom $35 a month arid board (or 55 and
board yourself) up to as high as $1500 a
year,' but nearly all the men receive from
' $35 to 545 a month and board. A single
man can save money at those wages. A
young man who came .here irom. Wiscon
sin last February has worked ever since
at 533 and board, and told me -a- few days
ego he now had nearly 5250 saved up, which
ie at the rate of nearly $30 a' month saved:
A man who for the past 14 years had
-Worked here, went away this Spring to
-visit his relatives in the Old Country and
is said to have taken away With him about
$4000 savings. But It Is bard work. As one
of the men at the mlljs said: "AH the work
about a sawmill is hard." Mr. Alfa is day
reman in the mill and draws a salary
f about 565 a month, but he minus ne
earns" more than every cent of It, so when
3Ir. Marhoffer. the manager or tne com
pany, who had under his arm a large
machinery catalogue. joKingiy usKeu. -m.
Alfs one day, as though he were a book
agent, "Would you like this new worK"
the answer given him very erapnaticany
"was: "Not much. I've got all the worK
I want." It shows that in order to. earn
salary a person must work, no matter
I where ho is. Men who are willing to work
hard can always find employment here,
end at fair wagea
Crescent City is very attractively lo
hced. From Crescent lighthouse around
"'ate bay in front of the town and down
the coast for five miles la a hard, sandy
'beach, wblch is a. splendid driveway or
. place for riding a wheel. At low tide
along the beach are found places where
erabs are caught and clams can be dug.
d among the gravel are found colored
bles. which, when ground and polished
ke beautiful jewelry settings. Towards
! West stretches the broad Pacific Ocean
end along the horizon may be often seen
rthe steamers passing from San Francisco
north to Portland or on their return.
The western beach shore is high and rocky
and has many small, rocky Islands near
the shore and during the Winter months,
when the heavy storms from the north
come, the waves beating along this shore
for several miles make a roaring which
sounds very much like the rumbling of a
hundred freight trains coming. It is
grand sight to see the waves break against
'the bluffs of rock. One quite popular
eminence is a rocky point about SO feet
high, called "Lover's Rock," and on Sun
day afternoons it almost always nas ap
. ajroprlate visitors. Beyond it is Woody
Island, which can bo reached at low tide,
but can be scaled only by clambering up
'among rocks and roots and using a ladder
sl nart of the was.
Pebble Beach is beyond this, about a
inlle and a half from town, and every
'visitor to Crescent City spends at least
an hour or two there. The deposit of
iKravel is on a hard body of cement bed-
rock. and varies according to the action
of the storm waves, being 10 feet deep at
lone season, and 100 feet Wide and a half a
mile lone, and at some other time only a
Xew yards wide, and that perhaps partly
covered with drittwooa. bome quite vaiu
iable stones have been found there, one
being valued at $500, but the majority are
Sworth from no value" to ?iu eacn.
The colors are white, and shades of
-white in red, yellow, blue, green and
black, with markings of moss, spots.
streaks and drops of water, and in sizes
ranglne from a plnhead to the size of
lien's es:g. There is n. good investment
open for some one to secure about 20
cres of this land, clear part of It for a
park, erect a ealt water bathing tank.
provide grounds for campers and adver
tise it as a Summer resort.
The land on which Crescent City is Jo
cared elopes gently from the ocean back
for a distance of rait a dozen uiocks,
reaching an elevation of probably 50 feet.
mad the level lands tnen extend norm
ward for 14- -or 15 miles, being farm and
pasture lands, interspersed witn umoer,
To the east the hills commence about two
miles back, and there begins the famous
belt of redwood timber. 1 miles wide and
extending entirely through tho county
north and south. Tho bottom lands of
and several thousand cows are annually
pastured; and the forests of this county
are so extensive that it has been esti
mated that 20 average saw mills will re
quire 100 years to cut it all Into lumber.
The maSn business street of Crescent
City faces along the shores of the bay.
There are about CO business houses, In
cluding thiree hotels, 14 saloons, two drug
stores, two meat shops, two livery stables,
one bank, twie laundry, two general mer
chandise stores, racket store, two millin
ery stores, two Jewelers, two harness
ehops, one tJln store, two tailor shops, two
blacksrnflh .shops, one pork-packing fac
tory, one ice manufactory, one soda
works, one ojera house, two barber shops,
two shoe stores, two doctors, five lawyers,
two newspap srs, one photo gallery, one
grocery, one takery, a dozen secret lodges,
one restaurant, a telephone exchange, one
news depot, a brewery, electric light plant
and several entail systems of waterworks.
There are three churches. Catholic, Pres
byterian and ilethodlst; twoschoolhouscs,
high and grammar grades; a courthouse
and jail, and a county hospital and poor
farm.
Mrs. Nellle'M. Duncan owns the electric-
light plant and is the only woman on the
Pacific Coast managing such a business.
The city usfs 100 llghte, paying $90 a
month, and nearly all the stores and bet
ter class of rrsidences are so lighted. A
practlcaf electrician, with about $4000,
could consolidate with citizens here the
electric light plant and waterworks and
have an exceedingly profitable Invest
ment and good; sajary. as the city urgent
ly needs better fire protection and is win
ing to pay rfor It.
The business men of Crescent GiXy are
up to the avsenage m push and enteaprise.
and as all lie$ of business are conducted
on very short and-llmited credits almost
cash, and goods are sold at a fair profit.
the merchantf: are making money wher
ever they en.toy patronage. Every line
is fairly well represented, but nothing is
suffering from under-coinpetitlon.
At the present time firewood Is dlf
flcult to obtain: for a supply through tho
Winter, and the wood business offers an
opening for investment. A .sash, door
and moulding factory would pay here.
Wild blackberries and huckleberries are
in tho woods everywhere, and a cannery
might profitably handle this crop, and in
addition can early vegetables. There are
many creameries vin the county, but no
doubt there is room for more. There Is
a profitable opening here for deep sea
fishing,- which has been tried on a limited
scale.
For 22 years past D. S. Sartwell has
been tho local weather observer nere, and
makes dally reports to Portland and San
Francisco. During the past month of Au
gust the highest temperature was 75 deg.,
and the lowest 40 deg. The rainfall was
.06 of an inch. The number of clear days
was 15; fair, ,11, and cloudy, 5. The tem
perature for tine past eight years is as fol
lows: 1S94, highest during year, August,
75 deg., lowest, .January, 32 deg.; 1S95, high
est, September, 83 deg., lowest, January,
31 deg.; 1895, highest, August, 79 deg., low
est, February, 1 dog.; 1S97, highest, July,
S7 deg., lowest February. 31 deg.; 1S9S,
highest, 72 "deg., lowest, February. 29 deg.;
1899, highest, 7C deg., lowest 27 deg.; 1900,
highest, SS deg;. lowest,. 32 deg.; 1901, high
est, 71 deg., lowest, GO deg.; 1902, highest,
September, "77 deg., lowest, January. 31
deg. The- total rainfall during the year
1S94 71.44 inches; 1895, 47.52; 1S9C, 82.21 and
1S97, C4.S5 inches. Tho weather Is' neither
very warm during the Summer, nor very
cold during the Winter.. Geraniums, fuch
sias, calla lilies and roses live out of
doors all Winter tnnfl may often be seen in
bloom every month of. the year. The
flower gardens here are an attractive fea
ture of the country.
There are excellent public schools, con
sisting of a high scSiool with a four-year
court;,- In charge of Professor W. W.
Fogg, and a grammar school, with Mr.
George E. Mortenseii as principal, with
ah e"Ight-yea'r course, pr eight grades. Six
teachers are employed dn both schools and
the wages range from fCO to 512a a month.
The number of pupils -enrolled is about
200.
November 6, there wilUbe held a state-
and county election here. Among the can
didates we note: George H. Crawford,
Democrat, for Sheriff; J. B. Endert, Dem
ocrat, for Tax Collector; James McNulty,
Independent-Deniocrat, for County Clerk;
J. M. RIchert, Independent-Democrat, for
Auditor and Recorder; John L, Chllds, Re
publican, for Superior Judge; F. Cruslus,
ReDUblican. for Tax Collector; ujv. xait,
Democrat, for District Attorney; u. w.
Rice. Independent, for Treasurer; W. J.
Murphy. Democrat, for county uierK; a..
E. Winters, Independent-Democrat, for
District Attorney; Eph. L. Muslck, Dem
ocrat, for School Superintendent; A. A.
Barnebunr. Independent, for Auditor and
Clerk. Del Norte County is quite evenly
divided politically, but the Republicans
have a majority of about 30 votes on polit
ical lines.
Now, as to the future possibilities of
Crescent City. A railroad is projected
from Grant's Pass, and tho copper mines
in the mountains, to this place; another
railroad is projected from Eureka, in
Kumbclt County northward; and a rail
road from Coos Bay, in Oregon, south
ward. There are copper deposits in the
mountains in various directions, and men
of wealth are obtaining possession of "them
and considerable development work is be
lng done, and ultimately railroads must
be built to connect with routes of trans
porta tion. Eastern lumbermen Have pur
chased large tracts -of fine timber lands,
and "more saw mills will be built, with
more railroads for logging and transport
ing lumber. The dairy Interests of the
county are .constantly increasing and the
present production of about 1,000.000 pounds
of butter annually, will eventually be
doubled.
The Crescent City-Grant's Pass railroad
survey, wnien was oegun a montn or two
ago, and for which the surveying parties
are still in the mountains, commences at
an island in Crescent Bay, called Whale
Island. Years ago It was a whaling sta
tlon, and the rendering of the oil from the
whale blubber was done there. It has
plenty of deep water for vessels, and It is
said, will be the site for the copper smelt
er, which win employ iwj men. Tne
survey passes up Smith River, through
and across the redwood timber belt, and
up tho tributaries of Smith River through
vast forests of sugar pine and yellow fir
timber, and out In the mountains where
are numerous prospects of extensive cop
per ledges, and thence to Grant's jpass.
The road has very many sources or reve
nue, such as copper ore, lumber and logs,
and the Summer travel from Southern
Oregon to the sea coast, and the travel
over it from the coast to San Francisco
and Portland, in order to avoid a sea
voyage. Tne projectors oiims rumuau
are attending strictly to business ana ask
ing no unreasonable favors, nor making
any rash promises. All that they have
asked from the people in crescent ny
Is right of way, depot grounds and ter
minal facilities, and at the proper time
these will bo furnished.
Crescent Bay needs some Government
work done, and a jetty built, about 4000
feet lonir. to protect tho harbor from the
storms coming from the South. There is
an abundance of suitable material at hand
for building It, and the cost will not be
more than $500,000. With the advent of
the railroad from Grant's Pass the Ore
gon and California Representatives In
Congress will be petitioned to ask for an
appropriation, and It will be obtained. A
survey of the projected sea wall, made
many years ago, shows that tho greatest
depth of water to be crossed Is about 40
feet, and that only a short-distance. The
sea wall will reach from the high point.
where the lighthouse stands, out to Steam
boat Rock, in Crescent Bay. If the work
were let out by contract, it could be com
pleted In a very few years.
A railroad Is already being built north
ward from Eureka, and each year the gap
will be made shorter between Crescent
City and Eureka, and- It Is only a ques
tion of a few years when there will be
an all-rail route from this city to San
Francisco. There is an urgent demand for
the road to move.tho redwood timber In
Del :Norte Countfei to market, and the
men who are buying such large tracts of
these timber lands will also build rail
roads to brine It Into market. Redwood
Iocs and lumber are unlike pine or fir logs.
as they cannot be floated or, rafted, con
sequently land transportation to navigable
water is the only outlet for it.
If a railroad is built from tho South to
this point. It is going to be continued
northward along the Coast In order to
find some connection with a transconti
nental road in the North. It Is a very
peculiar fact that the redwood forest vir
tually stops at the California line, and it
Is said that not more than one or two red
wood claims are found in Oregon, but
there are magnificent forests. there of fir.
pine and cedar, which will require the
building of many new saw mills and give
employment to hundreds of men' in the
mills and logging camps. Tho present
condition offers excellent opportunities
for men of capital to Invest money which
will return handsome profits In a very few
ears. Attention needs only to be called
to the many resources of this favored sec
tion to attract the money now lying Idle
In Eastern banks for Investment here.
Men who have money seeking Investment
cannot find a better field for investigation
than In this part of the country lyln
along the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
Property In Del Norte County Is assessed
at a Tair but not excessive i-aluatlon and
the county is out of debt and warrants
are paid upon presentation. The tax levy
is low, being only 19 mills for state and
county purposes, and In Crescent City the
levy this .year Is only 3 mills. All prop
erty Is taxed and there arc no exemptions
consequently all classes are interested in
economical government of county and
city, and a low tax levy rate.
Crescent City has an excellent brass
band of about 0 pieces, and during the
Summer months a series of enjoyable
open-air concerts is given for the enter
tainment of the residents.
The mountain streams abound vlth
trout, the mountains with deer and bear,
and the lakes with myralds of Wv-ld ducks.
Lake Earl, near here, is a famous hunt
ing ground for ducks during the Winter,
and the eportsman's club here has erected
a neat and commodious lodge on the lake
shore, with stoves, bunks and place for
safely storing the hunting boats, and
members of the club enjoj rare sport
each year. The lake Is about nine miles
long and from a narrow water course to
three miles in width. It is also filled
with trout, which are very gamey.
The writer was shown a sample of ce
ment rock found on the shores of the
ocean near Orescent City, which has been
recently ground and tested. It proves to
be a very superior quality of cement.
The deposit is said to be extensive, the
natural rock being of a gray color, but
when ground turns to a handsome brown
and Is very hard. This deposit will prove
of great volue when improvements are
made in tho harbor here, as it Is of easy
access and sets under water.
There are many deposits of black or
magnetic sand in Del Norte County, and
attempts have been made with varying
success to extract the gold. The beach
along Crescent Bay for several miles Is
rich in deposits of gold-bearing sand. H.
Buergermeister, of San Francisco, Is in
stalling an extensive plant about two
miles from town. Messrs. Lauff, Rice and
several others have a sand mine, and re
cently sent a sample to the Department
of the Interior and received a report. We
quote from the report: "Its Initial
weignt was oo ounces; separated into a
magnetic portion, weighing SO ounces
and non-magnetic portion weighing 2t3
ounces. Tho magnetic portion assayed
330 pounds of nickel to-the ton. The non
magnetic portion contained only a small
amount of platinum, but the assay gave
gold values of $978 20 per ton, for such
concentrates. I return herewith the gold,
and inclose in this 14 cents in currency.
which is the value of the nickel at 47 cents
per pound. (Signed) David T. Day, Chief
of Division."
One of the points of Interest to-visitors
here Is the Government lighthouse. It is
situated on a rocky headland, which is
an island at high tide: It was built In
1S36, of stone quarried on the Island, and
cost $30,000. J. H. Jeffrey has been the
light tender for the past 27 years. The
tower is SO feet high above the water,
and contains a fixed white flash light
"Visitors can reach the llghthouso about
three hours dally, and the official visiting
days are Tuesday and Friday, when they
are matle welcome and shown up Into the
tower any time between 10 A. M. and 4
P. M.
Four blocks back from the beach of
Crescent Bay Is "The Plaza," two blocks
of land covered with a growth of native
evergreen trees. It is owned by the city
and is used as a place for public outdoor
OREGON CITY'S FINE DRINKING FOUNTAIN
I i j it ill ",Mf.a!wwwMi?M!aaafli
ABOUT THE PIOUS FUND
OUR LONG - STAXBIXG DISPUTE
WITH MEXICO.
History Which Involves the Story o
the Rise and Fall of the Call
fornia Missions.
-r mm ""f
JaltiUCTJiU JUV OtiAClvAMAi COliNTV HUMANE SOCIETY.
OREGON CITY, Oct. 4. (Spccjal.) The Humane Society has erected
a bronze water fountain at the southeast corner of Seventh and Main
streets, in Oregon City, for the purpose of supplying water continuously
for both Individuals and animals. The fountain Is about 12 feet high,
made of wood and bronze, and set on a cement basement, about three feet
square at the base. It is provided and equipped with a watering trough
for horses and animals, and a continuous stream from a separate main
for human Individuals. The funds to defray the expense of its construc
tion were raised by-the special efforts of the ladles of tho Humane
Society and by popular subscription of the business men' at a cost of $150.
Us location in the most busy corner of the city has already made this
humane enterprise an Indispensable addition to the city, and stands as an
evidence and monument of the good work being done by" the Humane
Society.
gatherings. City, water and electric lights
are supplied, and it is'the general camp
ing ground of people who come over the
mountains to. enjoy the ocean breezes ana
rustica.to during the hot season.
There are threo church buildings the
Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist
and the membership is said to range In
the order given. Tho Presbyterians and
Methodists have modern-built church ed
ifices, and during the coming year a fine
Catholic church building is to be erected,
a whole blocK or land navmg been do
nated by a lady member. Services of
other denominations are held here occa
sionally. Our next letter will give attention more
especially to lumbering, dairying, farm
ing, hunting and mining in Del Norte
County. E. C. P.
CAMP ROOT DRYING OUT.
led to serious rioting. Twenty-elgpt cars
wero wrecKea, ana tne police had dim
culty In restoring order. Many arrests
wero made. The present strike started
last Saturday.
STORM IN -DEATH VALLEY
Bnllcllngrs Wrecked, Animals Killed,
People Injured.
IX)S ANGELES, Cal., Oct. 5. Advices
from Balkirat, Inyo County, the point
from which Death Valley expeditions are
outfitted, tell of a .terrific wind and rain
storm that swept over the 'Panamlnt
Range several days ago, doing great dam
age to property and. Injuring many per
sons.
Porter Bros. House, the leading hotel
In. Ballarat, Was wrecked. The dining
During the past week there were gath
ered in The Hague ttta arbitrators who
are. to adjust the most unique, longest
continued and least heard-of international
dispute that ever arose, says the Chicago
Record-Herald. It Involves a vast sum
of money, and carries with It the touenmg
story of the rise and fall of the most
remarkable of America's historic religious
Institutions the chain of Franciscan mis
sions that stretched along the Western
.coast, where Its magnificent ruins are
crumbling today, pitiful reminders of the
glory of the past.
The controversy Is between the United
States and Mexico over what is known aa
the "pious fund." For six decades' this
fund has been overwhelmed In the vortex
of the Mexican treasury, but eight months
ago the State Department took up tho
case, and a final settlement seems as
sured. Sir Edward Fry, of- England, and
A Demartens. of Russia, are the arbitra
tors for the United States, and Mexico's
representatives are Pagana Guenas Chill,
of Italy, and Savornln Lehmann. of Hoi-
land. At this meeting they will select.
a fifth arbitrator, and it is believed that
before the end of the month" the full
tribunal will have completed Its task.
Intricately Interwoven with the heroic
history of the early Spanish missions Is
this strange tale of the "pious fund of the
Callfornlas." Founded more than two
centuries ago to aid the Jesuits In con
verting the Indians on the Pacific Slope
and the southern peninsula. It survives
tho vicissitudes- of time and the rreed o'f
pilfering monarchs.
Continued efforts by the Roman Catho
He church In California for more than a
quarter or a century failed to provoke a
response from the "Land of Manana" un
til 1S75. In that year Mexico paid to the
United States accrued Interest amounting
to nearly Sl.OOO'.COO. It was asserted by
the dons that this payment extinguished
tho claim, but now Interest amounting to
more than another $1,000,000 Is. due. Pay
ment of principal and Interest is to be
arbitrated. Archbishop RIordan. of San
Francisco, has gone to The Hague to pre
sent the Catholic church's claim.
Regarding the actual amount of the
pious fund no one can speak with cer
tainty. The most reliable estimates place
It at $3,000,000, and upon a sum approxi
mating this figure the Interest Is under
stood to be calculated. There are varying
estimates. However, of the original value.
Mere figures can convey no Idea of the
religious fervor, apostolic zeal and human
suffering that Is hound up In the history
of tins fund. Its origin is shrouded In the
glamor of antiquity. Great men of. the
17th century freely gave of their worldly
store to hasten the evangelization of the
Spanish possessions. Mighty conceptions
of religious conquest spurred those proud
and haughty hidalgos.
tew endowments have left such lasting
Imprints on civilization as that of the
dons. Fortified by this foundation of
wealth, the Franciscan fathers pushed
through the wilds of California, estab
lishing in the unexplored country a com
plete chain of missions. They braved the
savagery and superstition of the natives
and sent their expeditions from Mexico
as far north as San Francisco.
Many tribes of Indians were gathered
into the fold, arid transformed by their
labors into neophyte, children of the
church. What great hopes, trials and sor
rows were experienced' by these intrepid
men amid their almost superhuman la
bors! But-for the plous f und these ex
peditions by land and sea would have
been Impossible.
At a later period; for want of Its golden
strength, the missions monuments to the
sufferings and privations of the friars
were abandoned. They became but piles
of adobe historic ruins that still excite
the curiosity of tens of thousands of
tourists who yearly visit the Pacific
Coast.
During the administration of Don PIo
Pico, the lest Mexican Governor of Cali
fornia, the missions passed Into private
hands. Some were sold, others rented.
Father NarcLso Duran, the last of the
Franciscans to brave the poverty of
those dark days, died In want. The
"gringo" had come.
Imperious Santa Anna, greedy and wlll-
dertaking. Salvatlerra finally sailed from
the mouth of the Yaqul River and reached
California with a Corporal, five soldiers
and three neophyte Indians. With this
force he aimed at no less than the, con
quest of the country as far north 'as Cape
Mendocino. But this task was destined
to.be' left to other hande. Father Ugarte
remained in Mexico as procurator of the
fund until the Jesuits were driven from
the country In 1768 by royal decree. The
trust then developed on the crown and the
missions in Upper California were given
to the Franciscan and those in Lower
California to the Dominican friars.
The memorable march of Father -Ju-.
nlpero Serra, one of the Franciscans, from
San Diego to San Francisco, was not be
gun until 1769. This holy man. after untold
hardships and privations, laid the founda
tion for the missionary system, and M3
labors were one of the most potent factors
In the early upbuilding of the Golden
Gate. Each mission, when established,
was given an endowment of $10,000 from.
the Pious fund, and from the revenue thU3
derived the padres were able to carry on
the work of civilizing the rel men.
On the declaration of Mexican independ
ence, Mexico succeeded the crown of Spain
as trustee of the fund, and a junta was
established to administer It. Finally. In
1S36, the Mexican Congress provided an
annuity of $000 to a miter If a bishopric
were established In California, and grant
ed to the incumbent the care of the Pjous
fund. An episcopal diocese was thereupon
established by Pope Gregory aVI, and'
Francisco Garcia Diego was made bishop
of tho see.
Bishop Diego had ambitious plans. At
Santa Barbara he laid the foundations for
"a monastery, cathedral, ecclesiastical pal
ace and theological- school, to t? built with
the revenue from the fund. In February,
1S42, before the work was well started,
dominant Santa Anna Issued a decree an--nulling
his right to hold the money of the
friars and placing the fund In government
control. Later In the same year the fa
mous decree was issued by Santa Anna
whereby the fund- was sold to Don Saraio
for $2,000,000.
Tho work of Santa Barbara was stopped
and tho retrograde movement began.
Santa Anna agreed to pay 6 per cent In
terest for the support of the missions, but
the promise was never kept. The doors
of the Mexican treasury were sealed
against the Franciscan friars. For years
all trace of tho fund was lost.
John T. Doyle, now living near Menlo "
Park, Cal., and the late Eugene Casserly
were retained to discover what had be
come of the fund. After 10 years of care
ful research, many of the deeds were
traced through the discovery of an Inven
tory, long burled, made at the time of
the seizure by the venerable Don Pedro
Ramirez. Sufficient evidence was gathered
to bring the matter before the Mexican
Claims Commission that sat in Washing
ton In 1870.
Under tho convention which determined
the powers of the commission no claim
so old as the Pious fund could be con
sidered. Demand was made for the In
terest accruing since the treaty of Guad
alupe Hidalgo in 1843. The commissldners
were dlvded In opinion, and the case was
carried before Sir Edward Thornton, then
British Ambassador in Washington.
where it was brilliantly argued for tho
petitioners by Messrs. Doyle and Casserly
and opposed with ability by Don Manuel
Asplros, of Mexico. The decision gave
the United Statesone-haIf of the interest
on the fund, amounting to $904,000. The
money was distributed among the Cath
olic churches from Salt Lake City, Utah,
to San Diego. Cal.
There are four rare books extant con
taining the evidence "Introduced at tho
former Inquiry and the decision of the
referee. Mr. Doyle has one. Archbishop
RIordan has another, the third Is in tho
possession of the State Department, and
the fourth is held by the Right Rev.
George Montgomery, Bishop of
Angeles and Monterey.
Los
BLOOD ATONEMENT.
Fair Sunday to Prejnre for Continual
tion of Mnnenvers.
FOR RILEY, Kan., Oct. 5.-Sunday at
Camp Root was devoted to the drying out
process. The heavy clouds that have
hung over the camp "for the last four days
cleared away during 'the night arid the
sun was iinobscured from dawn to 'sun
set. The soldiers took advantage of the
opportunity to air their damp bedding.
This was the last day In camp for the,
Kansas men and early In the morning
General Bates, accompanied by his aid,
Captain Reeves, rode over to tho camp.
He was given a most enthusiastic recep
tion and just before leaving made a short
address to the men. He said that he was
glad that they had been able to come to
the camp, as it had enabled the Govern
ment to show to the ofllcers from other
states how the Government would treat
the men who came to future maneuvers
and thereby encourage, other states to
send their troops to Fort Riley when the
maneuvers shall be repeated next year.
The military problem for tomorrow Is
the attack and defense of a position.
Major Leach, of the Engineers, will have
command of the position and will have In
his command the Sixth Infantry, the bat
talion of engineers, two batteries and a
squadron of cavalry. General Kobbe,
who will load the atacklng force, will have
all the troops at the camp under his
command. The position Is not to be
heavily fortified, the terms of the problem
calling for hastily constructed entrench
ments. It is expected that tomorrow's
work will prove one of the most Interest
ing of the entire scries of maneuvers.
room, which occupleis the middle of the
house, was blown completely away, while fUi in his sway as president of the Mexl-
uie rest oi uie uuuumg was leu imuui. can Kcpubllc. indirectly caused tne con-
Four persons who were In the-dining- trol of the missions to pass temporarily
Rioters Wreck -S Street-Cars.
GENEVA, Oct. 5. A meeting of the
striking employes of the street-car lines
room were hurled about. Waitresses re
celved a number of bruises about the
head. The cook suffered a fracture of- the
left thigh, being tossed a distance of 30
feet Two miners were severely bruised
The iron roof of Porter Bros", store, op
posite the hotel, was torn off and tossed
several hundred yards. A small store,
which adjoins, was demolished, and the
Ballarat Hotel suffered extensive .dam
ages, one sldo being blown off and the
furniture of many rooms being hurled
Into the streets and broken
A saloon nearjby was turned completely
around. "Many Tesldences- were blown .tp
the ground. Eight persons, besides the
boss of Porter Bros.' Hotel, received In
juries. Many of these were, struck by
flying mlsBlles. A number of horses and
mules were disabled. Several burros were
Kiueu. iNoooay was -Kiiiea, so rar as
known, but news has not yet been" re
celved from Death Valley or the outlying
camps of Ballarat, which were in the
course of the storm. The damage done to
property by tho storm is estimated at
$30,000.
Ballarat Is located on the west side of
the Panamlnt Mountains, 30 miles from
Death Valley.
That Mormon "Doctrine Not Behind
Hooper Yonng's Act.
SALT LAKE, Oct. 5. The seventy-sec
ond annual conference of the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Is In
session here and the officials are refuting.
In the most emphatic language the pub
lished statements that the murder of Mrs.
Pulitzer, of New York City, by Hooper
Young, was due to the Mormon doctrine
of blood atonement. President Ben E.
Rich, of the Central State Mission of tho
Mormon Church, who has Just returned
from tho Ea3t, said:
"The murder Is magnified In every way
In the newspapers. They try to bring tne
blame for the crime upon the church.
They say In flourishing headlines that,
this murder resulted from tne doctrines
of the Mormon church. They say te
Mormons believe In blood atonement. So
do all Christian nations; .they believe or
pretend to believe in the atoning blood
of Christ for the sinful. But they say tho
Mormons believe In another kind of blood
atonement. Well, we do to the same
extent that every state In the nation be
lieves In it that a man who sheds an
other man's blood shall have his own
blood spilled by the law.
"This we believe and nothing more, w e
do not believe In strangling the crim
inal or executing him In the electric
chair, but we believe that 'he who spills
.man's blood, by man shall hl3 blood be
spilled,' and thank God there were.enough
In the constitutional convention ot mis
state who realized the meaning of this to
srlve a murderer the choice of being
from the church. In 1842 he practically
confiscated the Pious fund. It then con
sisted of real estate, urban and rural.
mortgages and collateral securities repre
senting more than a' century and a half
of careful administration by the friars
and the Spanish crown. By decree it w.as
sold for $2,000,000 and the money covered
Into the depleted Mexican treasury. The
fund had been pillaged at Intervals, and
credits amounting to $1,000,000 were held
against the treasury.
In 1C63 the crown had Invited the Jes
uits to undertake the task of gaining
a foothold on California soil, which had
proved too great for the soldiery, but it
was 54 years later when the religious
order made the attempt. The Jesuits of
fered to effect the reduction of the conn-
try without expense to Spain if allowed I hanged or having his blood spilled by
RECREATION".
If you wlh to enjoy a day of rest and
pleasure, take the O. R. & N. train from
Union depot at 9 A. M. for a short trln
up the Columbia, returning, If desired, by
boat from cascade locks. Tickets and
particulars at O. R. & N. ticket office,
xniru ana wasnmgton.
to select their chil and military ofllcers
In the new domain. Tho burden of the
task fell upon Fathers Juan Maria Sal
vatlerra and Francisco Euslblo Kino, who
were fired with amazing zeal to civilize
the Indians.
These men started tho Pious fund. To
reclaim California from the heathen was
their cry.. Don Alonzo Davalas. Condi de
MIravalles, Don Mateo Fernandez de la
Cruz and the Marquis de Buena Vista
each gave $1000. Other noble dons con
tributed until within a very short time
the fund' amounted to $15,000. Don Pedro
de la Slerpe, then treasurer of Acapulpo,
added a gllllpot to transport the mission
aries. From 1697 to 1745 many large con
tributions were made.
shooting if he had any regard for tho
teaching of God left In him."
Mr. Rich then read a signed statement
made In the presidency of the church in
18SD, in which they denied that any apos
tates had been killed, or that the church
advocated or permitted any such teach
ings and In which they denounce murder
as the most heinous of all crimes. Contin
uing, Mr. Rich said:
"Some years ago a minister of a church
in this city murdered two girls, carved
them to pieces and burned their bodies in
a furnace. Did the Mormons say he was
following the doctrines of his church?
No, they knew if he had followed the
teachings of his church he would never
have done such a thing, and if Hooper
Young had followed the teachings of the
Every day Increases
r.nd sale of Carter's
The reason Is that when once used relief
is- sure to follow. Don't forget this.
Tim cnlntpd Fathpr Juan Uerarte noted
via imrrmnoo ntntnrp. n. well as f or . Mormon church he would have been out
ts tne popularity nls zeal as a missionary, and Father In the streets telling tne wicKeu ot uivn.
Little Liver Pills Francisco Maria Piccolo, shortly joined sins Instead of languishing In Jail as he
Fathers Salvatlerra and Kino' In the un
now Is."
PANORAMIC VIEW OF CRESCENT CITY, CALIFORNIA.
vrater-tank at the Hobbs, Wall & Co.'s Sawmfll. At the extreme left Is seen Crescent Bay,
r-.T.rr,r.-r-.r irrr.' i fr, - .w. f . -rf-Rr nf Hwiwiit dltv ta ken from an elevation of 100 feet, from the top of the
iBLiawi.u jM.t.x, wi-t.. - ' . , . . . . . j- .i j-i 4i. o.,tn Tho lnrfn hnlliHntr in Tit pcfiter of ioivn fx flip ennrthnnne.
In the distance Is tne 1 acme ucean. ine xnree smojtesiucMjs io. iae lurcBruuuu " " - - "
The railroad seen In the street Is naea for transporting lumucr irom xnc mms out o w wu u. iu me icamcw, xnence
lio irliarf. and the Crescent lighthouse
that to the left the grammar schoof building:, and. that to the right the high school
to Sas Francisco and ether ports.
Tel Nort-jCounty---r "the Jalry iwd, 1 'J.M.-...-----'t' :.. -lM.t.
Mil 2l3
i