Morning Oregonian., August 01, 1902, Page 10, Image 10

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THE MORNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 1, 1902.
SWEAT-8H0P WAR
Consumers' League Will Be
Organized in .Portland.
MRS. NATHAN ON THE SYSTEM
Prominent Xew Yorlc Woman Ad
drcanes Portlnnd Audience and
Urges Formntlon lot Branch
to Work Wltb. Lcngne.
In the presence of an Interested, re
sponsive audience that comfortably filled
the Scottish Rite Hall. Marquam building,
last night. Mrs. Frederick Nathan, presi
dent of the Consumers' League of the
City of New York, gave a thoughtful ad
drees on "The Evils Resulting From
Sweatshops and Tenement-Made Cloth
ing." and told of the beneficent results
sought after by the Consumers' League.
As a result of Mrs. Nathan's address, a
Consumers' League for this city will be
organized In a few days, and the place of
meeting will be aftorward announced.
Mrs. S. S. Blumauer presided, and
gracefully introduced Mrs. Nathan to her
audience. The speaker of the evening Is
a pleasant, motherly-looking woman, with
a mellifluous voice and a charming man
ner. "I am often asked," she began,
"what Is a Consumers' League? In Mil
waukee, some one in speaking of the Con
sumers' League had a vague idea that
It meant a league which looked after con
sumers of lager beer. In Pittsburg, .the
city of smoke, a man wondered if it had
anything to do with consumers' tobac
coa natural inquiry in a place where a
good many things end in smoke. In New
York some people wondered if we be
longed to a league of consumptives, but
as I was pointed out as the president of
the league for that city, those who in
quired into the matter found out that we
were after something else. Eleven years
ago our league was first started In the
-City of New York, and today we have
about 45 branches of the league through
out this country. Briefly stated, the Con
sumers' League Is an association of per
sons who strive to do their buying In such
ways as to further the welfare of thoso
who make or distribute thp things bought.
Our standards are: An enlightened pur
chaser, a progressive league, a fair house
and a recommended factory. Now, we are
all consumers, and can remedy conditions'
to encourage those merchants who desire
do what is right toward their employes.
Lengrne Has a. Label.
"Goods bearing our label are made In
factories in which the state factors' law
Is obeyed, all goods are made on the
premises, where overtime is not worked
unless paid for, and where children under
16 years of age are not employed. Before
the use of our libe! is given to a manu
facturer, his factory Is visited by the
agent of the league, who asks both the
local Board of Health and the State Fac
tory Inspector for a special report on the
establishment. "When this is satisfactory,
the manufacturer signs a penalty embody
ing the four points guaranteed. After
the use of our label is awarded, the fac
tory is visited from time to time by our
agents, and the local committee of the
league reports upon the matter to the
National secretary. "We do not have a
blacklist or boycott, but a white list spec
if ying what are fair stores. An enlight
ened purchaser gives the preference to
goods bearing the label of the Consum
ers' League, and to merchants who com
ply with the requirements of the stand
ard of a fair house. A fair house, for one
thing, is where the merchant pays em
ployes their wages weekly, not by the
month, as in the course of a year the
employes would lose a good deal in the
way of wages.
"Years before the Consumers' League
was formed In New York City, a lady
happened to be in a store where one of
the girls working behind a counter fainted.
"When asked about the matter, the other
girls snickered and said that the girl In
question had been nursing her sick moth
er the night before, and that one of thev
rules of that business house was that no
one working there could sit down, lean
against each other, or on the counter. The
lady went to one of the partners of that
firm and said: 'If you do not have seats
behind your counters for your help, be
fore 24 hours, I shall withdraw my ac
count from your house.' The lady's ac
count was evidently worth keeping, for
the next day there were benches placed
behind the counters, and I am told some
of the girls were so surprised that they
fainted when -they saw those benches.
Hoiv to Abolish Sweat-Shops.
"We wish to abolish the sweat-shop sys
tem of work. Most of these sweat-shops
are in New York City and Chicago, and
It Is stated that most of the sweat-shop
garments are purchased from manufac
turers by the women of the "West and the
Pacific Coast. If the women would only
stop buying sweat-shop garments, there
would bo no demand for them, and they
would not be made. Fully SO per cent of
the clothing produced in New York State
is made in the congested portions of the
Ea6t Side of the City of New York. Time
was when tuberculosis used to be unknown
among Polish Jews In our large cities to
any great extent. In testifying before the
Tenement-House Commission. In Novem
ber, 1900. Br. John H. Pryor said: 'There
are in the tenement-houses of New York
City alone, constantly, 20,000 consumptives.
That Is. considering all the stages of the
disease. Nor does this show the preva
lence of the disease In the tenement
houses. Because it Is found by post-mortem
examination of those dying from oth
er diseases that very many of them have
other forms of tuberculosis also.' Tr?
Herman M. Biggs also testified: "We un
dertook, several years ago. a series of
experiments to determine the presence
end Infectious character of the dust In va
rious tenement-houses. And as a result
of thoso experiments. It was found that
dust In a number of houses which we ex
amined did contain tubercular bacilli,
"which produced tuberculosis In the ani
mals used for observation. The dust was
collected from the walls or from the mold
ings or ceilings In houses which had been
occupied, as we knew, by tubercular pa
tients.' "Think of the frightful danger to pur
chaser and consumer, wearing infected
garments. You can say, of course, that
you are too remote from the evil, as the
seat of the trouble is at New York City
or Chicago. But you buy these sweat
shop garments in your city, all the same.
A man In Helena, Mont., recently gave
an order to a tailor in his eltv tnv a M
and supposed that it was to' be made on
ine premises. J5ut the tailor sent the
measurements to a Chicago manufacturer,
who. in turn, sent the work to a tenement
house. There was smallpox In the place,
and if it had not been for the watchful
ness of a nurse, who saw on the tag at
tached to the coat, 'Helena, Mont.' the
man in far-off Montana would. In nil nK
ability, be wearing his smallpox-Infected
coat, in aue course."
Danger in Injected Garments.
Mrs. Nathan said that the label of tho
trades unions nroteetpd thft niirr-hnsor tn
a considerable extent, but pointed out that
lr tnc garment had in addition the label
01 tne consumers ieague mere would bo
additional sMiirltv. Khft lnstnnrd tVio
well-known case where a daughter of Sir
Robert Peel, the famous English states
man, died from tvnhus fever rontmrtod
from wearing a riding habit that had not
teen oougnt irom, out maae in an in
fected tenement-house. If consumers
throughout the United States would ask
tor garments tearing tne jaoci 01 me con
sumers League, we would soon have a
whole army working for the good cause,"
went on Mrs. Nathan. "Everything from
the cradle to the grave Is demanded by
consumers. Suppose we were all vegeta
riansthe slaughter of animals for food
would cease. The meat would not be
bought from the butchers, and they would
not buy any more when they found they
could not sell it. Suppose we all said to
morrow we want frame houses we would
get them."
In closing. Mrs. Nathan spoke on the
evils of child labor in factories and stores,
and hoped the day was hot far distant
when Oregon will have labor laws which
will prevent the employment of young
children. She asked that all persons deal
ing In stores make their purchases early
In the day, and certainly not late In the
afternoon, nor on Saturday afternoons, in
order to promote the reasonable leisure of
mercantile employes.
Bill to Prevent Child Labor.
Rev. Dr. S. S. "Wise thanked Mrs. Nathan
for her lecture, and said that he had tele
phoned to a friend earlier In the day, ask
ing him if he would not come to Mrs.
Nathan's lecture. "What!" said the friend
over the 'phone, "Is that woman in town
with her little hatchet? I would not go
to hear Mrs. Nation." "My friend thought
it was another person from Kansas and
the loss is his, for the lecture we have
just listened to has been one that few
men could have equaled." Dr. Wise then
spoke on the power and influence of a
good woman, and in closing mentioned
that a bill will shortly be prepared on be
half of the State Board of Charities and
presented at the ensuing session of the
Legislature, dealing with the question of
child labor In this state.
Mrs. Abigail Scott Dun 1 way expressed
tho pleasure she felt in listening to such
an able address from Mrs.- Nathan, and
pointed out the grave danger to health,
especially in the case of bargain-hunters,
In buying wearing apparel that comes from
sweatshops.
ILLINOIS RAILROAD DEAL
Financiers Pnzzlcd by the Frisco's
Recent Purchase.
NEW YORK, July 31. There were no
developments today in regard to the re
ported deal between the St. Louis & San
Francisco Railroad and the Chicago &
Eastern Illinois. President Yoakum, of
the 'Frisco Line, and H". H. Porter, for the
Chicago & Eastern Illinois, maintain all
their reserve of yesterday, and none of
the other principles on either side would
discuss the matter for publication. The
directors of the St. Louis & San Francisco
are reported to have held a meeting to
day, but whether or not this had anything
to do with" the Chicago & Eastern Illi
nois deal could not be ascertained.
President Yoakum has confirmed to his
Intimate friends, says the Herald, the
purchase by his line of the Chicago &
Eastern Illinois. Nothing bearing an of-
nciai stamp, nowevor. has been said as to
the reasons for the acquisition of the
property. The two roads do not connect
at any point, and, according to prac
tical railroad men, several hundred
miles of construction work will have
to bo carried out before the big
Southwestern system will be able to
reap tnc advantages which the Chicago &
Eastern Illinois road can supply in the
way of an entrance into Chicago.
When President Yoakum was seen at
the Waldorf he refused to discuss the
terms of the purchase, and would neither
confirm nor deny a report that the Illi
nois Central had practically concluded ar
rangements for the acouisition tt lease of
his system.
"I am not ready to talk yet," he said.
When questioned as to the reasons for
the acquisition of the Chicago & East
ern Illinois, when his road Is several hun
dred miles away from any point of con
nection, he laughed and said: "Strange
things happen, don't they?"
Of the terms by which the Eastern Illi
nois stock will be acquired by the "Fris
co," the Herald attributes to a director
of the first mentioned the statement that
there had been no lease of the Eastern
Illinois, but an actual sale. Each share
holder of the road will, he said. Teceive
for 100 shares of common stock $25,000 In
new 4 per cent collateral trust bonds of
"Frisco," and which will be a direct obli
gation against it. standing ahead of all
its stock. The terms upon which the
preferred stock of the Chicago & Eastern
Illinois will be exchanged are not an
nounced.
In well-informed banking circles the in
timation was quietly given, concludes the
Herald, that the Illinois Central either
will become the owner of the "Frisco" as
a resujt of the present deal, or will leasa
that property as a counter move against
the aggressions of other interests In the
South.
PERSONAL MENTION.
C. D. Jessup, a Salem hopbroker. Is at
the Imperial.
Oscar Hayter, the Dalles attorney, Is
at the Portland.
State Senator T. H. Johnston, of Du
fur. Is a guest at the Perkins.
George T. Meyers has returned to the
city after an absence of threo weeks.
E. L. Smith, president .of tho State
Board of Agriculture, is at the Imperial.
Wiley B. Allen, the well-known Ban
Francisco piano dealer, is at the Portland.
Miss Esther Swan, of Chicago, is the
guest of Miss EllzabetlvM Pollock, of this
city.
Frank Davey, State Representative from
Marlon County, la registered at the Im
perial from Salem.
William L. Stirling and wife, nee Miss
Myrtle Brents, who were married at
Walla Walla on Wednesday evening, are
at the Portland.
SALEM, July 3L (Special.) State
Treasurer C. S. Moore will return to
morrow morning from a month's outing
in Klamath County.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 31. H. L H.
the Grand Duke Boris, a cousin of the
Czar of Russia, arrived from China today
on the Coptic The Prince and party will
go to New York and will probably spend
about a month In tho United States, after
which they may go to England.
NEW YORK, July SL (Special.) North
western people registered at New York
hotels today as follows:
From Portland 15. D. Cole, at the Her
ald Square.
From Spokane B. Northrup, at the
Herald Square; F. Budman, at the Park
Avenue.
From Seattle Miss E. H. Wilcox, at tho
Albert: J. E. Chilberg, at the Victoria;
C. F. Clark, at the Grand Union.
SALEM. Julv 31. (SDCclal.l w T wni.
land, manager of the Salem Flourine
Mills, suffered a severe stroke of apo
plexy last nignt, and was found in a
helpless condition this morning. He has
improved somewhat during the day, and
nis recovery is nopea ror.
Dr. Benrdshear Is Very Low.
AMES, la,. July SL Dr. W. M. Beard-
shear, president of the Iowa State Agri
cultural College, and ex-president of the
National Educational Association, Is very
low, anu nis aeatn is expected Hourly. Dr.
uearasnear was stncKen witn nervoua
prostration during the recent session ot
the National Educational Association at
Minneapolis.
Reservoir Site "Withdrawn.
SHERIDAN, Wyo., July 31. The local
Land Office at Buffalo has received orders
from Washington to withdraw from nub.
lie entry 15 townships lying in Johnson
and Sheridan Counties, purveys' are now
Deing maae ior tne construction of a Gov.
ernment reservoir.
EXCURSION RATES TO SALT LAKE
CITY.
For the Elks' convention at Salt Lake
I V. ft n Tt A V rrtU aoll !
day round-trip tickets at rate of J29 60: for
return through San Francisco via rail or
steamer, 544 Tickets on sale August 8
and 10. Call at O. R. & N. office. Third
Mod wasnington, ior zurtner iniormaucm.
FOR A LABOR DA? PARADE
WORKINGHEX WILL UXITE "WITH
ELKS.
Demonstration "Will Surpass Any
thing: of the Kind 'Ever
Seen In Portland.
Extensive preparations are already be
ing made for" the celebration of Labor
day, September 1. The whole day will be
given up totho union people, and they
"will arrange an attractive programme.
The main features that will be presented
will be a labor parade in which it Is
calculated that over 10,000 men will take
place, and for which each union Is al
ready making preparations to have its
representation as .flattering to the organ
ization as possible r speaking by some of
the leading union men of the country.
PRESIDENT CONSUMERS'
TJH1 MRS. FREDERICK TTATHAX, "WHO ADDRESSED A PORTLAND
AUDIENCE.
and In the evening a grand ball. The
committee also expects to have a series
of athletic events, and to arrange for
contests between the 'various unions,
but have not arranged the details of
this part of their programme. The Ex
position building has been engaged as
the place In which they will hold their
exercises, and they will be prepared to
accommodate as large a crowd as can
well get together on that day.
September 1 ls also the date set for
the opening of the Elks' Carnival, and
up until last night It was calculated that
the labor unions and the committee
from the Elks would get together and
arrange to operate In making the day
a big one. It was proposed that the
two give the parade together and a
meeting was held last night to consider
the expediency of this plan. It was
found, however, that the sort of a parade
that the Elks wanted would take away
too many of the characteristics of what
is "considered an Ideal labor exhibit, and
the Elks graciously waived their claim
on the day in order to give the union
men a chance to have a parade that
would be entirely their own. The Elk3
will open their carnival as scheduled but
will postpone their parade until tle day
following.
The interest that the unions are taking
In the preparation for the Labor day
celebration gives every assurance of Its
success. Each separate organization
will attempt to have the finest float In
the parade and regular meetings arc be
ing held already to make preparations
for the exhibit, 'in some cases the
unions have arranged for a special drill
which they will carry out, and meetings
are being held to train the members
that they may be proficient on this great
day.
The committee has not arrange defi
nitely who will be the speakers for tho
event, but has several In view who are
of exceptional ability and the choice
will depend upon the arrangements that
It is able to make with them.
The amusements of the day have not
been detailed as yet but it is Intended to
give anything that they may think will
be of such a nature as to interest tho
men who will participate in the cele
bration. Athletic events will be arrang
ed for, and It has been suggested that it
would be a good thing to have contests
between the men In the, different unions
or between teams from the different
unions. In the accomplishment of certain
pieces of work.
The use of fireworks tho committee
considers as too much expense for
the small amount of pleasure that will
be reaped and as a substitute a grand
ball will be given in tho pavilion of the
Exposition building. A selected band
will render the music and tho union
people are looking forward with pleasure
to what-will be the great social event
of the year In labor circles.
BEGGARS MUST GO.
Streets to Be Cleared of All Profes
sionals. Professional beggars must move on.
This. ls the latest edict of the Williams
administration.
Mayor Williams and Chief of Police Mc
Lauchlan had a conference yesterday.
Professional beggars will soon have an
impelling motive to get out of town and
stay out.
"Almost all of these 'professionals' have
plenty of money," said Thomas N. Strong
yesterday, president of the Board of
Charities. "Very few of them have less
than $5000 worth of property. We once
came upon one who was worth $80,000.
Only three weeks ago three Indigents were
referred to us. Contrary to their desire,
we turned them over to the county.. Evi
dently they were not pleased with the
way they were entertained, for they
bought railroad tickets the next morning
and cleared out of town."
A good many professionals have been
In Portland this year. A fiddler, accom
panied by a woman. Is now working the
town. Everybody knows the blind organ
ist who grinds out wheezy music on street
corners. He makes regular visits to
Portland. He has a circuit through the
Northwest, and all the Important cities
have entertained him. He is by no means
so poor as he looks, for he owns a farm
on the Tualatin River. Portland Is his
favorite hanging out place.
The City Board of Cnarltles is endeavor
ing to get the railroads to refuse to
carry "professionals" at half-fare rates.
Should the endeavor succeed. It would re
move much of the "professional" evil.
Only deserving poor would be favored
by the railroads. And the 'records of
charitable institutions would be at the
service of the companies In identifying
professionals.
"It is not necessary to degrade people
by making them beg," said W. R. Wal
pole, of the Board of Charities. "The
community can care for them at less ex
pense and at the same time enable them
to keep up their self-respect. Why should
the public give J15 and 520 a day to a
pair of 'professionals,' as It is doing now.
when these persons could be cared for at
a vers much smaller outlay?"'
"Professionalism" is an evil which has
to be coped with the country over. The
tramp element has disappeared of recent
years, owing to the cures that have been
devised for It. Begrars frequently mu
tilate themselves or their children to win
LEAGUE, OF NEW YORK.
public sympathy. There have been men
In this city displaying hideously sore
arms. This condition was caused by ap
plication of acid, which made them un
sightly but not dangerouo' sores.
SENSATIONAL CHARGES.
Stockholders of Colorndo Fuel fc
Iron Co. Demand an Investigation.
DENVER. July 3L On application of
J. H. DoJgan and other stockholders of
the" Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, the
District Court here today granted an al
ternative write returnable tomorrow, com
pelling the officers of the company to
Bring their books Into court for exam
ination by plaintiffs. The court will tnen
decide If the mandamus ls to be peremp
tory. If it Is so made, the petitioners will
have an opportunity to look at the books,
and the court will extend the time for
transfer of stock. It Is said that Dougan
represents John W. Gates, who ls fighting
for control of the company.
Dougan, who Is cashier of the National
Bank of Commerce, says In ,111s petition
that he applied to Assistant Secretary
Heyn, of the company, July 21 and 22 for
permission to see the books containing
the names of the stockholders, and that
the request was refused. July "30 he ap
plied to President Kebler. who refused to
permit the books to be seen. The peti
tioner states that it is understood the
president, officers and directors refused
to transfer any more stock after noon of
Thursday, July 31, and the defendants,
the said J. A. Kebler, D. C. Beaman,
Samuel I. Heyn, and the Colorado Fuel
& Iron Company, propose to defeat-the
rights of the petitioner and other stock
holders at the annual meeting, August
20, 1902, to vote, and adds that the de
fendants "refuse to keep the books un
der tho laws and the statutes of the Stato
of Colorado." and "with the intent and
purpose of defrauding stockholders of the
right to vote" and "to elect a board of
directors 'subservient to their own inter
ests." He says that "the petitioner and
a large majority of stockholders of the
said Colorado Fuel & Iron Company de
sire a change of administration." Mr.
Dougan makes many other sensational
charges In his petition, and declares that
the present officers and directors have
arranged that tho names of those only
friendly to their Interests appear on the
books.
Epidemic of Eye Diseases.
NEW YORK, July, 31. Contagious dis
eases have reached the proportions of a
full-fledged epidemic among the school
children of 'Manhattan, according to a re
port by Health Commissioner Ledoyle, to
the Board of Education.
"A few weeks ago," said he, "In order
to learn the extent of eye diseases In
the schools of Manhattan. I appointed 12
specialists to go as far as they could
In tho fortnight of the school year then re
maining. They examined 55,470 children In
36 schools, and learned that no less than
6670. or 12 per cent, exhibited contagious
eye diseases. Of these 2328 were of the
severest type of trachona, necessitating
almost immediate operation. In the opin
ion of the examiners all of these children
should be excluded from the schools to
prevent further Infection."
Tho Commissioner asked that a Toom be
set apart In each building sultab for
medical examinations. To this the board
agreed. Several of Its members ex
pressed an opinion, however, that the re
ports of the special examiners had been
grossly exaggerated.
Rejrnlar Return Home.
VANCOUVER, July 31. Company Q..
National Guard of Washington. Captain
W. W. Sparks commanding, returned
last evening from Camp Welsenberger
near Tacoma, where the Stato Guard has
been encamped for 10 days.
Cholera Infnntum.
This has long been regarded as one of
the most dangerous and fatal diseases to
which Infants are subject. It can be
cured, howevter. when properly treated.
All that is necessary is to give Chamber
lain s Colic. Cholera and Diarrhoea Reme
dy and castor oil, as directed with each
bottle, and a cure Is certain. For sale by
all druggists.
BUILDING RAILWAY CARS
FIVE
HUNDRED NEW ONES RE
QUIRED EVERY DAY.
And Ten New Locomotives Required
' to Hnnl Them Car Shops la
the Northwest.
According to a Census Office bulletin on
the manufacture of steam railroad cars,
the demands on rail transportation are so
great that new equipment is required at
the rate of 500 cars and 10 locomotives a I
day. This, of course, is entirely aside
are constantly In progress. Chief Stat-
lruui nit: reuiurs iu uiu iuuujk akiMja. iuui
lstician S. N. D. North says:
"The modern tendency toward concen
tration of Industrial enterprises is well
exemplified In the establishments engaged
In car construction, not operated by rail
road companies. During the 20 years
prior to 1S00 the number of establishments
decreased frcm 120 to 65, a decrease of 50
per cent, while the capital and product
Increased S34.9 per cent, and 233.3 per cent,
respectively, during the same period."
The following historical sketch of the
railway car business precedes the statis
tical part of the report:
History of Rallvray Cars.
"In 1S33. Ross Wlnans. of Baltimore,
built three long cars, each capable of seat
ing CO passengers. With theso originated
the American passenger car cf the pres
ent day, and to Winans Is due the adop
tion of cars- with longer and more stable
frames, having bogle or swlvellng four
wheeled trucks at each end. These car
were a marked Improvement upon the old
coachi yet they have been aptly called
'combinations of inconveniences.' Until
late in the 50s the springs were made of
India rubber. These were unsatisfac
tory because of their tendency to harden
with age, and gradually they were re
placed by steef springs. The cars had no
raised roof. The windows were glazed In
solid without any sash, because of the
fear that accidents would surely follow
should they be opened. The method of
ventilation supplied an abundance of dust
and cinders. The lighting was poor. The
United,
States.
Number of establishments -
Capital cmpioyed U19.oS0.2J3
Salaried officials and clerks .....WrS
Salaries pald for year $6,210,24
Average number wage-earners in 1S00, in
ducing piece-workers ; 173,652
Annual wages r '95'jS:,32
Value-of annual product $218,23S,2n
heat was supplied by cast-Iron stoves,
which broiled those who sat near them,
while they failed to warm those who did
not.
"The proper ventilation of cars ls a
problem that has not yet been satisfac
torily solved. The successful system must
at all times supply a sufficient quantity
of air, without creating a draft, lowering
the temperature, or admitting dust, cin
ders, smoke or gases. Probably the best
system provides for the admission of air
from the exterior of the car to steam
pipes where It maV be heated before It
reaches the Interior.
"The demand for adequate lighting has
resulted In the adoption of a number of
different systems. Electric lights are
clean, cool, safe and very desirable, but In
their present stage of development they
j.are too expensive ior general use.
Plntscn system oi ngnung, wnicn uei u.
hlsh quality of oil gas. furnishes a desir
able light, and one which works well prac
tically. It la safe, clean, of nominal cost,
and In case 'of collision or derailment
does not furnish fuel to the flames.
"Many of the dangers of the old plat
form, buffer and coupler were eliminated
bv the Datents of Colonel Miller, In 1807.
but It was not until after the dining-car
was Introduced that the importance ot a
safe, covered passageway came to be fully
recognized. This need was met Dy -vir.
Pullman In his 'vestlbuled train. which
not only provides for the convenience and
safety of the passengers while going from
one car to another, but at the same time
furnishes a buffer extending from platform
to roof, thus producing one of the best
antl-tclescoplng features and greatly les
sening the danger to human life In case
of collision. The brake, with Its wonder
ful development from the old hand brake
to the air brake patented by Westing
Mouse; and the modern coupler, which Is
the result of countless experiments, and
over 6500 patented inventions, have elimi
nated many of the dangers f the old
methods and devices. Each year shows a
marked Improvement in features con
tributing to the comfort and safety of the
passengers, and in providing cheap,
speedy, regular and adequate transporta
tion In cars especially dapted to the
needs of the public
"In the construction of freight cars, the
change has been equally marked. Many
devices for the protection of life and
property have been readily adopted. There
Is a general tendency toward specializa
tion. No longer are grain, beef, fruits and
oil shipped In the same kind of cars. The
transportation of various kinds of prod
ucts has called into being cars peculiarly
adapted to each class of freight, so that
scores of different kinds of cars are now
constructed to meet the demands of ship
pers. Perishable articles are now con
veyed In cars which Insure their preser
vation. Large Cars.
"The tendency of the changes in th
modern freight car Is toward increased
weight, strength, size and convenience.
In developing these qualities steel has been
used In some cases to replace wood, and.
In other cases, steel plates have been used
to -strengthen wooden construction. Ten
years ago the steel car industry was In
Its Infancy, but Its growth during the
decade has been phenomenal. At present
the Pressed Steel Car Company, of Pltts
busg. Pa., using In the manufacture of
Its product over 1000 tons of steel a day.
Is the largest single consumer of steel In
the world. The changes have resulted In
an Increased carrying capacity of the cars,
a decrease In the relative dead weight
moved, and a better-paying load. Marked
advances In the average capacity per car
have -been made In the last few years.
The normal capacity in the '60s was about
15,000 pounds. The capacity increased to
28,000 In 1873; to 40,000 in 1875; to 60,000 in
1SS5; to 70,000 In 1893; while at the present
time cars with a capacity of S0.000 to
100,000 pounds are In every-day use.
"The economy of heavy loading has
been indisputably proved. According to
figures .of the Industrial Commission, the
average tralnload for the United States,
as a whole, increased from about 175 tons
of paying freight In 1S90 to 243.5 tons In
1899.
"The movement toward combination be
gan among the railroads earlier than In
industrial lines, and made possible
through trains,' by which goods could be
shipped long distances rapidly and at low
rates.
"The changes that have taken place In
business methods have been largely due to
Improved methods of transportation. The
traffic of railroads has become the great
est single business ever carried on in the
annals of the world, all 'other business
contributing to swell Us Volume. It has
become one of the greatest factors in
changing the conditions of supply and de
mand and revolutionizing the habits, and
aspirations of mankind.
"The 'service of railroads In the United
States may perhaps be best shown by the
statement that during 1900 the passenger,
mileage amounted to upward of 1.600,000.000
miles, a Journey of 211 miles per capita
for the population of the country. The
ton mileage of freight amounted to 141,
599,000,000 tons; that ls. the freight service
of the country was equivalent to the car
riage of this amount of freight 1 mile.
Increase of Manufacture.
"The -census of 1890 was the first at
which the statistics of the manufacture
of cars by steam railroad companies were
reported separate from the statistics of
the operations of plants, engaged in car
construction, not conducted by railroad
companies. During the decade the num
ber of establishments has Increased from
716 to 1296. an increase of -ISO. or SI per
cnt. while the capital has Increased $13,-
3S7.796, or E6.9 per cent. The cost of -ma- i
terials used Increased from 566.o61.526 in
lS20..to J109.539.013 in 11)00, or 61.6 per cent;
and the value of the product, including
custom work and repairing, was $125,461,653
in 1S90. and I21S.22S.277 in 1900. an Increase,
of $SS,77S,579, or 68.6 per cent.
"The most striking increase was shown
in the number of salaried officials, clerks,
etc.. and their salaries. In lSSQthe num
ViAr nf snlnrid officials was 1553. and in
ll900 there were 7096 officials, an increase
nprtort" the salaries Increased W.626.CC5. or
i mm .
t tm tnPrC!, i nil th
iJJf." ' wif i mUnrW. thatJ
i , ,,, fnr 1wv, nra n. ,nnhlA. tho
the number for 1900 docs not Include the
firm members and officials not drawing a
salary. The total number of wage-earners
Inci eased 62.9 per cent, while the wages
Increased from $60,213,433 In 1890 to $96,
062,329 in 1900, or 59.5 per cent.
"Improved facilities for transportation
by steam railways have resulted In con
stantly lessening the competition of canal
and river transportation, and now they
have ceased to be eff6ctlve for high-grade
freight transportation. The extraordinary
Increase In traffic requires new equipment
at the rate of about 500 cars and 10 loco
motives per day. The repair work both
on locomotives and cars has constantly
increased. During the census year the
1296 establishments operated by railroad
companies reported a capital of $119.5S0,273,
and a product aggregating $218,23S,277. and
employed 180,743 wage-earners and of
ficials. In this branch of the industry
the product 'of the several establishments
was manufactured or repaired for their
own use. In the motive power and ma
chinery department the total value of
product was $94,417,260. or 43.3 per cent cf
the aggregate. The product In the car
department was valued at $118,376,532, or
54.2 per cent, and the value of the shop
work In the bridge and building depart
ment was $o,414,4t5, or 2.5 per cent of the
aggregate product."
From the voluminous statistics which
form" a part of the bulletin the following
summary Is compiled for the Pacific
Northwest:
Wash
Oregon, lngton. Idaho.
.14 16 4
" $725,935 $944,800 $177,912
29 55 .12
$31,67S $51,353 $13,326
751 956 359
$ 495.159 $653,205 $293,396
$1,026,169 $742,945 $523,631
SKIES ARE CLEARING.
Worst of the Flood Situation. Iu
Texas Is Over.
DALLAS, Tex.. July 31. Reports from
the flooded districts make the outlook
more hopeful. The only unfavorable
news comes from the Texas & Pacific
near Forney, where Brushy Creek rose
.suddenly, washing out railroad tracks
and bridges, and cutting off many people
In the bottom lands. Boats are being
used to rescue tho Inhabitants. The
Texas & Pacific ls open west of here
for through traffic, and all roads an
nounce a resumption of traffic, although
In some cases by a roundabout way.
There have been no rains In the vicinity
of Dallas for two days, and similar re
ports come from many points in the
state.
The only roalroad which has so far
estimated Its damage Is the International
& Great Northern
General Pasenger
Agent Price, of that road, says the j an acre of land. It faces the great Stand
actual damage to the International road- I ard Oil building. The Mairs site Is valued
bed will reach, $100,000 and that road Is i at $200 a square foot for the Broadway
not the worst surrerer. half, or $3,500,000. The Greenwich-street
An accurate estimate of the losses Is ' half of the block will make the entire site
Impossible, but with the damage to rail- 1 for the new structure -worth st.coo.ooft
roads, the drowning of livestock, the ' It Is understood the top of the new
roacts, tne drowning or livestock, tne
washing away of bridges, residences and
uuisuicsa jiuuoua. ill uuuiuuu LU luu uum- j
age to cotton and otner crops, it is sate to
say that $1,000,000 will be a conservative
amount. No news has come from the
400 to 500 woodchQppcrs who were cut off
by the flood in Richland Creek bottoms,
but It Is not now thought that any lives
were lost there.
The Brazos River, after Inundating rich
farming lands for 200 miles south of
Waco, Is reported falling steadily at
Waco, but rising slowly below Hearne.
It is estimated that there are from 3000
to 4000 acres of cultivated land under
water near Hearne. A rough estimate of
the number of acres of cotton and other
crops ruined In the Brazos bottoms Is
20.000.
The names of those drowned In San
Marcos Valley are not known, but two
were negroes. At Wylle, Charles Davte
attempted to save his wife and baby
from the flood. The baby was lost.
Lovr Declined a Decoration.
NEW YORK. July 31. In the list of
decorations and presents given to Amer
icans by the German Emperor as a rec
ognition of courtesy shown Prince Henry
on his recent visit, the name of Mayor
Low appeara as the recipient of a por
trait of the Prince, while other Mayors
are decorated. This caused some sur
prise, but Mayor Low said In explana
tion: "I was very courteously asked If I
would receive a decoration, and replied
that I preferred not to have one."
The number of lepers In the Philippine Isl
ands ls estimate at about 12.000.
Portland Elks' Carnival
September 1st to 13th Inclusive
SEALED PROPOSALS
Will be received until S P. M. Monday, August 11. at Elks' Carnival Head
Quarters, Seventh and Stark streets, for the sale of the following articles
In the Carnival grounds.
CANDY, POP CORN, PEANUTS, GUM,
ICE CREAM, SODA, CIDER and CIGARS
Full amount of bid payable on signing contract. Committee reserves
the right to reject any and all bids.
For booth space and all Information, see Concession Committee at
iieadquarters. Address all bids to W. H. UPSON. Chairman.
F. L. TALCOTT. M. D. .
f
We
will
not
ask for
a
Dollar
until
a
Cure
Is
effected
Strictly Reliable Specialists
MEN ONLY
Dr.Talcott
TO WED AT THE CARNIVAL
ELKS RECEIVE CONSENT OF ONE
WILLING COUPLE.
Handsome Presents Will Be Glvem
- the Bride and Groom Race lor
Qncen Grows Interesting:.
Preparations for the Elks' Carnival are
being pushed with a vim and much Inter
est is being taken In the arrangements.
Already one couple has mndo .Inollcation
I for the honors that are offered to those
wh. ,are to. De married on wedding .day.
a.na lc ls tnougixt that there are several
that areJut waiting to announce them-
. see5- . ine is aiso much Interest being
umen in me contest for tht nnon nf
the carnival. At present there are but
four candidats for this honor, but it is
thought that there are more who will
enter the contest. The candidates now in
the field are Miss Maybelle Douglass, Miss
Cirrie Burgoyne. Miss Grace Walton and
Miss LouLse Mountain. A prize of $500
has been offered to the young lady who
wire; this honor, and the contest will bo
a hot one. The first count will be made
next Saturday night.
The announcement of the young couplo
that they would be married at the car
nival was received by Secretary Alex
Sweek yesterday. The young couples
whojiviU themselves of the Invitation of
the Elks will have one of the most elab
orate weddings that has ever been given
in the city. They arc also assured of
many valuable wedding presents. They
will have their choice of being wedded in
a captive balloon or In the court of honor
with tho queen and her attendants as
witnesses. The fict that one couple has
volunteered so early will serve as en
couragement to others who might be
timid In responding to the call, and the
committee feels certain that they will
have a goodly number of weddings on the
day set.
The voting contest for the queen of the
carnival Is already growing interesting,
and after the first count the Interest will
be stronger than over. The fine prize
that is offered is in lUolf a strong induce
ment, and those who ire hi the race are
eager to win. Some ot them are counting
already on what they will do with the
$00, but It Is a sure thins that some of
them will have to change their plans.
Although there are only four of the young
ladles that are already announced as in
the race. It is reported tint there are
some others that would be glad to havo
the honor, and perhaps also the prize, and
the committee hopes to soon be able to
announce them In the race. Miss Carrie
Dorgess, who was reported to be a can
didate, has sent In her resignation, but
this does not prevent her .friends from
voting for her, and there is a chtnee that
she will roll up a vote that will not look
good to those who are candidates.
The parade that was set for the first
day of the carnival, September 1, has been
postponed, owing to the fact that this
day is Labor day' and the labor unions
wish to give a big labor parade. The car
nival will be opened on that day, how-
j ever, and a big demonstration will be
given.
Largest Oillce Bulldliif; In the World.
NEW YORK. July 31. That famous
Bowling Green landmark, the old Stevens
House, probably will be demolished in the
near future to make way for a $9,000,000
office building planned to be the largest in
the world. " Plans have been prepared and
final negotiations are being completed by
William II. Mairs. who owns the Stevens
Houya property. He wli' erect a 20-story
structure on a plot which contains over
: it is understood tne top or tne new
structure will fc? leased to a fashionable
caterer. He will Introduce an innovation
for downtown office buildings In the form
of private apartments. The room will oc
cupy the entire ninth floor and possibly
the eighth.
Gibbons on Schley Vletory.
BALTIMORE. July 31.-ln a letter ac-
ceptlng the appointment of the vice-presi-:
dency of the Schley Triumphal Arch As-
soclntlon. recently organized In this city
i to erect an enduring monument to the Ad
miral. Cardinal Gibbons says:
"Admiral Schley's victory shed glory
on our state, and I cheerfully accept tho
position assigned to me. earnestly hoping
that the patriotic enterprise will meet
with a hfarty response from the citizens
of Maryland."
Killed by Horse.
VANCOUVER. Wash.. July 31. Louis
Young, son of Paul Young, of this city.
was killed In a logging camp at Coal
Creek, near Stella. Wash., today. Tha
young man was 32 years old and unmar
ried. While hitching a team to a heavy
log. Young fell and one of the horses
stepped on his head killing him in
stantly. THROUGH
THE COLUMBIA
GOUGE.
RIVER
A delightful trip of a few hours will
take you through the famous "Culumbii
River Gorge." the greatest combination cf
river and mountain scenery on earth, o.
B & N. train leaves Portland daily a; 9
A M Return can be made by steamer
from Cascade Locks. Special low rate3
for this trip. Get particulars at O. R. &
N ticket office. Third and Washington.
Contracted Disorders
Tho proRre?s In the study of chronic
contracted disorders uurlns the last few
year3 has completely modified the treat
ment of these very frequent diseases.
There Is no chronic disease so wide
spread, and Its tenacity and resistance
to all forms of treatment are. features
universally known. More than Ave years
aj?o we described tho method of dilata
tion, which we have always since em
ployed, and which ha been gradually
adopted by the profession. We have
added few modifications since that time,
but the method has proven Its own
worth In the hands of others, and its
results are Incontestable. Dilatations by
special dilator, irrigation and frequent
Inspections 'of the canal with the electric
llKht tube, that no maneuver be under
taken that Is not surely indicated, gives
Indisputable successful results.
& Co.
Portland Office:
250 Alder St