Morning Oregonian., June 30, 1902, Page 5, Image 5

THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, TONE 30, 1902.
IRRIGATION OF ARID
STREATyIS
measured
The first Installment of part TV of tha
2d annual report of the United States
Geological Survey, dealing -with the hydro
graphy of the country, Is now In press.
The volume Trill contain a report of prog
ress of steam measurements for the calen
dar year 1900, -with an introduction by
Professor F. H. Newell, chief of division;
a report on the hydrography of the Ameri
can Isthmus, by Mr. Arthur Powell Davis,
giving conclusions based upon his work
while detailed to the Nicaraguan and
Isthmian Canal Commissions; and a paper
on the high plains and their utilization,
by Mr. "Wlllard D. Johnson, which is the
continuation and completion of the same
BUbject from part IV of tho 21st annual
report. The part of tho volume on steam
measurements will bo illustrated by 36
plates and 226 figures.
Rivers Measured in 3.000.
During the year 1900 rivers have been
measured in various parts of tho United
States from Maine to California, and the
estimates obtained of the daily flow of
etreams form the foundation upon which
rest matters relating to the hydrography
of the country. A special study was made
of the Southern Appalachian, region, with
a view to & portion of it being set apart as
a National forest reservation. Considera
tion has also been given to underground
waters; surveys of reservoir sites have
been continued; the diversion of large
rivers, and the ultllizatlon of water for
irrigation, power, and other Industrial
purposes have been investigated. The
very wide industrial application of the
results obtained has been classified by
geographic divisions. In the northwest
ern part of the United States, embracing
the northern half of the arid region, the
rivers, coming from high mountains, are
of larger volume than those of tho south
ern half of the arid region; and tho de
velopment of this vast extent of publlo
lands depends largely upon the diversion
of these streams, the systematic examina
tion of whose great area has, therefore,
been termed the diversion survey. In
the southern half of the arid region, where
the rivers are small, with Intermittent
flow, the making of homes upon the public
lands depends largely upon the construc
tion of reservoirs, and hence this work
falls mainly under the head of reservoir
surveys; In each of these divisions of
the country, all tho hydrographlc problems
enter more or less. For example, in the
southwest, the diversion of streams, tho
development of water power, and sanitary
considerations present themselves along
with the main feature, water storage. The
administration of tho hydrographlc work
for the whole country has had in view as
its principal aim tho obtaining of proper
data which shall show the extent to which
the arid lands can bo redeemed by irriga
tion. Arid Regions of the United States.
The arid regions of the United States
include about two-fifths of Its entire area,
and extend from about the middle of tne
continent westward nearly to the Pacific
Ocean. A broad intermediate sub-arid
or ub-humld belt, near tho center of the
United States, extends over North Da
kota, South Dakota, Western Nebraska,
Western Kansas and into Oklahoma, and
the panhandle of Texas. In very wet
years the sub-humid region creeps up to
the foothills of the Rocky Mountains;
during dry years, the greater part of the
plains region west of the Missouri be
. comes semi-arid. Arid regions are those
in which the average annual rainfall is
20 inches or less. Largo tracts of Canada
and Mexico as well as of the United
States, and a great part of the countries
of the Old World, are, according to our-l
standard, arid. Irrigation was the basis
of the agriculture and therefore of the
civilization of many of the ancient peo
ples, a fact of much significance to us.
JX $he surface of the globe were flat the
rains would probably be distributed uni
formly in broad bands parallel to the
equator; but tho uniform, movement ot
the atmosphere Is from west to east. The
damp winds from the Pacific deposit their
moisture on the high masses of the Sierra
Nevada, in the Winter, and on the Rocky
Mountains, in the Summer, leaving the
broad lower plains lying east of each
great mountain mass, dry. sterile, ana
desert-like. Thus the mountain ranges
are well watered, while the lowlands arc
parched wlth drought. These arid lands
are, however, covered with a more or less
scanty vegelatlon, only a email per cent
being true desert lands, such as the Utah
Desert, west of the Great Salt Lake, and
the Mohave Desert In Southern California
near the Colorado River.
Vacant Public Lands.
One-third of the United States, exclu
sive of Alaska and outlying possessions,
consist of vacant public lands. These
lands lie for the most part in the arid
region, and crops cannot be produced
upon them nor settlers take them up for
homesteads until a sufilclent water supply
has been obtained; then crops are abund
ant It Is for the interest of the public
at large to have all of these good agri
cultural lands utilized. Who shall make
their occupation by settlers possible? The
answer must come from the lawmakers
of the country, and they must be in pos
session of the facts In order to act Intel
ligently. The laws governing the disposal
of the public lands ha'.e been drawn al
most wholly with reference to the lands
of the Ohio and the Mississippi Valleye.
with their sufilclent rainfall. This rectan
gular system of subdivision of tho public
lands has been found detrimental to the
best growth of the Western two-fifths
of the United States, because attention
has been concentrated upon land titles,
whereas first thought should have been
given to water rights, through which
alone tho land has value. To remedy this
evil for the remaining public lands, and
to gather the facts upon which intelli
gent action can be based is patriotic
duty. These facts pertain first of all to
the water supply and Its limitations. Ir-
rigatlon, which concerns all citizens ot
the United States and their children's
children. Is the key to this situation. It
is the duty of the highest citizenship to
provide a hundred homes for Independent
farmers rather than to permit the land
IRRIGATION LATERAL
pfjpjJWBwilPBBPW"""" - mnManMKHMaaanaiBanan
LANDS
of the unite d states are
to give necessary data
to be taken up as one or two great stock
ranches, controlled by nonresidents and
furnishing employment to a few 'nomadic
herders.
The higher mountain slopes and mesas
have a covering of trees. Within the arid
and semi-arid districts of the Western
States nearly 120.000.0W acres are covered
with woodland, and, in, addition, more
than 75,000,000 acres are covered with com
mercial timber; about 470,000.000 acres are
crazing land. Thus, as to area, the graz
ing industry will probably always be tho
great industrial pursuft. The open range
of the arid region .may support one cow
to every 20 acres. Tha same land, wat
ered, may support 10 cows to 20 acres, or
in orchards, may support 5 persons to 20
acres. The open range may sell for 50
cents an acre; watered, it may be north
50 an acre, or, in orchards, ?500 an acre.
The grazing land has the greatest extent,
and the least value; the Irrigated land,
the least extent and the greatest value.
The forests of the arid region mark the
greatest rainfall ard also the sources of
the streams. In obedience to public senti-
MAP SHOWING LOCATION OP FORESTS
ment tho Government has already set
aside many millions of acres of forest
and woodland primarily for the supposed
beneficial influence of forests upon stream
flow. The open grazing lands of the arid
West havo had and still have their his
tory of conflicts between the interests and
the persons of the settlers, tho cattlemen,
tho sheepmen and tho lumberman. So
uncertain aro the conditions surrounding
the use of tho public lands for grazing
purposes that practically all of tho farm
ers and the irrigators of the arid region,
as well as the stockmen, ask for legis
lation by which temporary rights in the
form of licenses can be had to the use of
tho forage, pending final settlement of.
the lands. As it is now, the ranges aro
frequently so overstocked that tho valua
ble forage plants are eaton down and de
stroyed. This matter of grazing iiv tho
West, being of fundamental concern In the
arid region, is constantly brought before
the hydrographer, and It has an Intimate
relation to the development of Irrigation
and the complete utilization of the water
resources of the public domain.
Some of the actual desert lands in the
United States produce nothing, even when
watered, as, for example, the broad flats
adjacent to the Great Salt'Lake, In Utah,
and the lands around Humboldt, Carson
and Walker Sinks, in Nevada. Others,
like the Mohave Desert, near the Colorado
River in Southeastern California, produce
largo 'crops when watered. Portions of
these desert lands, therefore, are reclaim
able by artesian wells or by reservoirs
for storing the Intermittent floods of the
small streams flowing from the bordering
mountains. It is most important that
thorough geologic examinations should
ascertain the practicability of obtaining
water by deep v. ells, and that such ex
aminations should be verified by drilling
a few wellB to a depth sufficient to deter
mine for a large desert area whether an
artesian flow can be surely obtained.
Advantages of H droeraphlc Worlc
Professor Newell summarizes the great
advantages resulting from local co-operation
with the hydrographlc work of the
Geological Survey, whether the assist
ance be given by state authorities or by
local organizations, as follows:
An extended record of the discharge of
a stream shows the area normally irri
gable with cafety from that stream, as
well as the nower possibilities, and, in
connection with reservoir surveys, indi
cates the volumes of Winter aud flood
water available by storage. The records
of stream flow are an official basis for
the legal adjudication of water rights
They are essential in considering ques
tions of domestic water supply, irriga
tion and overflow. The length of tiroo
required to establish average water con
ditions prohibits private injcvcetlgatlons,
and the construction of reservoirs by the
public is improbable without this Intorma-
IN VINELAND IRRIGATION STSTE3I,
tlon. All of these data are officially dis
tributed, either free or at the bare cost
of printing. Topographic maps are im
portant for educational, engineering, po
litical, administrative, statistical and eco
nomic uses. The Geological Survey, which
is now under the civil service, to, after
20 years of service, well equipped with
experienced men and complete outfits, to
obtain the information at minimum cost.
The state gets full value at one-half cost.
In .making acknowledgments for aid ex
tended in various ways by railroad. Irri
gation, mining and other companies and
associations, Mr. Newell says that most
of the measurements presented have been
obtained through local hydrographers, a
comparatively small portion of the work
having been conducted directly from the
office of tho Geological Survey at Wash
ington. The following list gives the
names of the resident hydrographers:
Callfornla-J. B. Llpplncott, civil engi
neer. Los Angeles. x
Colorado A. L. Fellows, civil engineer,
Denver.
Georgia and Alabama Professor B. L
Hall, civil engineer, Atlanta; Professor
W. S. Yeates. State Geologist, Atlanta,
and Professor Euccno A. Smith. State
Geologist. Tuscaloosa.
Idaho N. S. Dlls, civil engineer, Cald
well. Kansas W. G. Russell, RusselL
Maryland Professor W. B. Clark, State
Geologist. Baltimore.
AND WOODLANDS OP THE "WEST.
Montana Professor Samuel Fortler,
Bozeman
Nebraska Professor O. V. P. Stout,
State University, Lincoln, assisted by
Adna Dobeon and Glenn E. Smith.
Nevada L. H. Taylor, civil engineer,
Carson.
New Mexico P. E. Harroun, civil engi
neer, Albuquerque.
North and South Carolina Professor J.
A. Holmes, State 'Geologist, Chapelhlll,
N. C, assisted by E. W. Myers.
Texas Professor Thomas U. Taylor,
State Unlvbrslty, Austin.
Utah Professor George L. Swenson, Lo
gan. Virginia and West Virginia Professor
D. C. Humphreys, Washington and Lee
University, Lexington, Va.
Washington Svanev Arnold, civil engi
neer. North Yakima; William J. Waret
uivu unijineer, .rort .-ngeies.
Wyoming A. J. Parshall, civil engineer,
Cheyenne.
Error of the Index Maker.
New Tork Sun.
It was not long since the young women
in the cataloguing department of the As
tor Library were laughing at a beginner
there who catalogued Greek roots under
"botany." But some of the mistakes
made by bunglers elsewhere aro just as
amusing. Many years ago a young wo
man who had not yet learned all tho in
tricacies of her work was cataloguing a
set of works under "mill." So she wrote:
"Mill on Liborty."
"Ditto on the Floss."
That is one of the historic mistakes that
llluurians quote, and a newer ono Is just
as amusing. This was the result of a
5 oung librarian's Inexperience, and read:
"Lead See Metallurgy."
"Lead Kindly Light."
"Load Poisoning."
Mistakes of this kind are, of course,
rot as frequent as those thajt anse where
It Is uncertain under wmch letter a name
Is to be catalogued. Thus, in the case of
the name "Due do la Rochefoucauld" tho
name Is "L.a Rochefoucauld" and not
"Fochefoucauld as many persons are
likely to write it. Then there are diffi
culties for tho Index maker as well as
for the reader when it comes to the
names of persons who have achieved
fame undor one name, but are also enti
tled to another. Disraeli and Beaconsficld
are examples of this double nomenclature.
Tho way of tho Index maker is hard.
THROUGH THE COLUMBIA RIVER
GORGE.
A delightful trio of a few hours will
take sou through the famous "Columbia
River Gorge." the greatest combination of
river and mountain scenery on earth. O,
R. & N. train leaves Portland 'dally at 9
A. M. Return can be made by steamer
from Cascade Locks. Special low rates
for this trip. Get particulars at O. R. &
N. ticket office. Third and Washington.
CLARKSTON, "WASH.
NEW IRRIGATION BILL
MONEY PROM LAND SALES TO GO
INTO A "RECLAMATION FUND."
Secretary ef theInterior Is Directed
to Slalce Surveys foe Stor
age Reservoirs.
WASHINGTON, Juno 23. The general
irrigation bill recently adopted by both
House and Senato, aniT signed by the
President, reads as follows:
Bo It enacted by the Senate and House 1
of Representatives of the United btates
of America, in Congress assembled. That
all moneys received from tho sale and
disposal of public lands In Arizona. Cali
fornia, Colorado, Idaho Kansar. Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico. North
Dakota. Oklahoma, Oregon. South Dakota,
Utah. Washington and Wyoming, begin
ning with the fiscal year ending June 20,
1901. including the surplus of fees and com
missions In excess of allowance to reg
isters and receivers, and excepting the 5
per centum of the proceeds of the sales
of public lands in tho above states set
aside by law for educational and other
purposes, shall be. and the same are here
by, reserved, set aside and appropriated as
a sDeclal fund In the -Treasury, to be
known as, the "reclamation fund," to be
used In the examination and survey for
and the construction and maintenance of
Irrigation works for the storage, diversion
and development of waters for the recla
mation of arid and semi-arid lands In the
said states and territories, and for the
payment of all other expenditures pro
vided for In this nctr Provided, That In
case the receipts from tho sale and dis
posal of publlclands other than thoso
realized from the sale and disposal of
lands referred to In this section are in
sufficient to meet tho requirements for the
support of agricultural colleges In the sev
eral states and territories, under the act
of August 30, 1S90, entitled "An act td
apply a portion of tho proceeds of the pub
lic lands to the more complete endowment
and support of the colleges for the benefit
of agriculture and tho mechanic arts, es
tablished under the provisions of an act of
Congress approved July 2, 1SC2," the de
ficiency, if any. In the sum necessary for
the supporter tho said colleges shall be
provided for from any moneys in tho
Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Sec 2. That the Secretary of the Inte
rior Is hereby authorized and directed to
make examinations and surveys for. and
to locate and construct, as herein Provided
Irrigation works for the storage, Aversion
and development of -waters, including arte
sian wells, and to report to Congress at
the beginning of each regular session as
to the results of such examinations and
surveys, giving estimates of cost of all
contemplated works, the quantity and lo
cation of tho lands which can be Irrigated
therefrom, and all facts relative to tho
practicability of each Irrigation project;
also the cost of works In process of con
struction, as well as of those which have
been completed.
Sec 3. That the Secretary of the Inte
rior shall, before giving the public notice
provided for In section i of this act, with
draw from pubic entry the lands required
for any Irrigationworkscontemplated under
the provisions of this act. and shall restore
to public entry any of the lands so ,wlth
drawn when. In his Judgment, such lands
are not required for the purposes of this
act: and the Secretary of the Interior is
hereby authorized, at or immediately prior
to the time of beginning tho surveys for
any contemplated irrigation works, to
withdraw from entry, except under the;
homestead laws, any public lands believed
to be susceptible of Irrigation from said
work3; Provided, That all lands entered
and entries 'made under the homestead
laws within areas so withdrawn during
such withdrawal shall be subject to all
tho provisions, limitations, charges, terms
and conditions of this act; that "said sur
veys shall be prosecuted diligently to
comnlotlon, and upon- the completion there
of, and tho necessary maps, plans, and
estimates of cost, tho Secretary of the
Interior shall determine whether or not
said project is practicable and 'advisable,
and If determined to be Impracticable or
unadvisablo he shall thereupon restore
said lands to entry; that public lands
which it Is proposed to irrigate by means
of any contemplated works shall be sub
ject to entry only under the provisions
of the homestead laws In tracts of not
less than forty nor mora than nm hun
dred and sixty acres, and shall be subject
to the limitations, charges, terms, and
conditions herein provided: Provided,
That the commutation provisions of the
homestead laws shall not apply to entries
.made under this Act.
Sec. 4. That upon the determination by
the Secretary of the Interior that any ir
rigation project Is practicable, he mas
cause to be let contracts-for the construc
tion of the same, in such portions or sec
tions as it may be practicable to con
struct and complete as parts of the whole
project, providing the necessary funds for
such portions or sections are available
In the reclamation fund, and thereupon
he shall give public notice of the lands
Irrigable under such project, and limit
of area per entry, which limit shall repre
sent the acreage which, in the opinion of
the Secretary, may be reasonably required'
for the support of a family upon the lands
Jn question, also of the charges which
shall be made per aero upon the said en
tries, and upon lands in private owner
ship which may be Irrigated by the wat
ers of the said irrigation project, and the
number of annual installments, not ex
ceeding 10, in which such charges shall
be paid and the time when such payments
shall commence. The said charges shall
be determined with a view of returning to
the reclamation fund the estimated cost
of construction of the projection! shall
bo apportioned equitably: Provided, that
in all construction work eight hours shall
constitute a day's work, and no Mongol
ian labor shall be employed thereon.
bee o. That the entryman upon lands
to be" Irrigated by such works shall, In
audition to compliance with the home
stead laws, reclaim at least one-half of
the total irrigable area of his entry for
agricultural purposes, and before receiving
patent for the lands covered by his entry
shall pay to the Government the charges
apportioned against sUch tract, as pro
vided In section 4. No right to the use of
water for land in private ownership shall
be sold for a tract exceeding 100 acres to
any one landowner, and no such sale shall
be made to any landowner unless he be an
actual bona fide resident on such land,
or occupant thereof residing In the neigh
borhood of said land, and no such right
shall permanently attach until all pay
ments therefor are made The annual
Installments shall be paid to the receiver j
of the local land office of the district In
which the land is situated, and a failure I
shall render the entry subject to cancel
lation, with the forfeiture of all rights
under this act, as well as of any moneys
already paid thereon. All moneys re
ceived from the abovo sources shall be
paid into the reclamation fund. Regis
ters and Receivers shall be allowed the
usual commissions on all moneys paid
for lands entered under this act.
Sec 6. That tho Secretary of the In
terior Is hereby authorized and directed
to use the reclamation fund for the ope
ration and maintenance of all reservoirs
and irrigation works constructed under
tho provisions of this act: Provided, that
when the payments required by this act
aro made for tho major portion ot the
lands Irrigated from the" waters of any
of the works herein provided for. then
the management and . operation of such
Irrigation works shall pass to tho owners j
of the lands Irrigated thereby, to be
maintained at their expense under such
form of organization and under such
rules and regulations as may be accept
able to tho Secretary of tho Interior: Pro
vided, that the title to and the manage
ment and operation of the reservoirs and
the works necessary for their protection
and operation shall remain in the Govern
ment until otherwise provided by Con
gress. Sec. 7. That where, in carrying out the
provisions of this act, it becomes neces
sary to acquire any rights or property;
the Secretary of the Interior is hereby
authorized to acquire the same for the
United States by purchase or by condem
nation under judicial process, and to pay
from the reclamation fund the sums which
may be needed for that purpose, and It
shall be tho duty of tho Attorney-General
of the United States upon every applica
tion of the Secretary of the Interior, un
der this act, to cause proceedings to be
commenced for condemnation within 20
days from tho receipt of the application
at the Department of Justice.
Sec. S. That nothing in this act shall
"bo construed as affecting or intended to
affect or to In any way interfere with the
laws of any state or territory relating to
the control, appropriation, use or distri
bution of water used in irrigation, or any
vested right acquired thereunder, and tha
f Sccrctarv of tho Interior, in carrying out
the provisions of this act, shall proceed
In conformity with such laws, and nothing
herein shall In any way affect any right
ot any state or of the Federal Government
ot of any landowner, approprlator, or user
of water in. to, or from any Interstate
stream or tho waters thereof: Provided, I
That the right to the uso of water ac- I
aiAP SHOWING LOCATION
quired under the provisions of thl3 act
shall be appurtenant to the land Irrigated,
and beneficial use shall be the basis, the
measure, and the limit of the right.
Sec. 9. That It Is hereby declared to be
the duty of the Secretary of tbe Interior
In carrying out the , provisions of this act,
so far as the sam'o may be practicable and
subject to the existence of feasible Irri
gation projects, tjl expend the major por
tion of the funds arising- from the sale
of public lands wlthha each state and ter
ritory hereinbefore named for the benefit
of arid and semiarid lands within the lim
its of such state or territory: Provided,
that the Secretary may temporarily uso
such portion of said funds for the benefit
of arid or semiarid Jands In any particular
state or territory hereinbefore named, as
he may deem advisable, but when so used
tho excess shall be restored to tho fund
as soon as practicable,, to the end that ulti
mately, and In any event, within each 10
year period after thepassage of this act.
tho expenditures for the benefit of the said
states and territories' shall be equalized
according to the proportions and subject
to the conditions as to practicability and
feasibility aforesaid.
Sec. 10. That the Secretary of tho Inte
rior Is hereby authorized to perform any
and all acts and to make such rules and
regulations as may be necessary and prop
er for the purpose of carrjlng the provi
sions of this act into full forco and effect
Pine: Pong; a. la Tennyson.
Critic
Grim portent falls o'er dlnlne balls.
Excited hearts full high are beating;
O quick! snatch off the tablecloth
Before th folks have done' their eating.
Plnsr. rather, pins! Set the wild eohoes ringing!
And pons, mother 1 Answer echoes, ponglnff,
panslns, jfinulngt
O hark, O hear! How sharp and cle'ar!
As granddad pings across the table!
O faint and far the echoes arer-
Wlth Jenkins ponging In the stable.
Ping! 'TIs the cook and eko tbe housemaid
pinging! ,
Care to the winds and ponging, pansln,
pinging!
O loe, it palls this chasing balls
That hide themselves In dusty places
While one. alas, flew In tbe gas.
And three knocked ocr valued, vases.
Ping! Is It true that angels, n.o more singing,
"With harps for bats, go ponging, pausing,
pinging!
VERY LOW RATES.
On Juno 2? and July I and 3 the Oregon
Railroad & Navigation, Compariy will offer
extraordinarily low round-trip rates to
St. Paul. Minneapolis, Omaha, Kansas
City. Chicago and all points East. Get
details at O. R. & N. office. Third and
Washington. . f
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mCffSSSr SrS3FwMlHrfyir TffMi'''MMt " 'i"BiniT M'
t m n t ) y m,h 1 M 1
SOME 'WAR HISTORY
SPntIT IN "WHICH PRO-AFRICAN
ELEMENT ENTERED BOER AVAR.
An Unfulfilled Prophecy Made Three
Years Aro in a Letter to a
London Paper.
The following letter, which appeared in
tho London Times of October 19, 1S99. in
dicates the spirit In which the pro-African
clement entered Into the Boer War Just
closed. While far from being compli
mentary to the Britishit exonerates them
from the charge of having been the ag
gressors In the struggle. How little tbo
writer knew of the spirit of British patri
otism when he spoke of the English and
Irish refusing to enlist or be further
taxed to maintain the empire l An In
stance which was duplicated In thou
sands of cases was that of a soldier of
the Ennlskllllngs who fell at Paardoburs.
and when the news of his death reached
Ireland hl3 only brother enlisted to take
hls nlacc.
This Boer's windy eplStlQ Te-
minds us of the preposterous statements
of Yancy and other leaders in, our own
great rebellion, who assured the Southern
OF VACANT PUBLIC LANDS.
people that all they had to do was to
make a bold front to bluff the Federals,
that a 10-cent piece would pay tho war
expenses In full, and a cambric handker
chief wipe away all the blood split. Here
Is the letter referred to:
Sir In your paper you have often com
mented on what you are pleased to call
the ignorance of my countrymen,, the
Boers. We are not so ignorant as the
British statesmen and newspaper writers,
nor aro we such fools as you British are.
We know our policy and we. do not change
it. We hae no opposition party to fear
nor to truckle to. Yoqr boasted Conserv
ative majority has been the obedient tool
of a Radical minority, and the Radical
minority has been the blind tool of our
far-seeing and intelligent president. We
have desired delay, and we hae had it,
and are now practically masters of Africa
from Zambesi to tho Cape. All the Afri
kanders In Cape Colony have been work
ing for yenrs to this end, for they aod we
know the facts.
First The actual value of gold in the
Transvaal Is at least 2CQ millions of
pounds, and this fact is as well known
to the Emperors of Germany and Russia
as It is to us. You estimate the value of
the gold at only 700 millions of pounds,
or( at least, that is what you pretend to
estimate it at. But Germany, Russia and
France do not desire you to get posses
sion of this vast mass ol gold, and so,
after encouraging you to believe that they
will not Interfere In South Africa, they
will certainly do so, and very easily find
a casus belli, and they will assist us di
rectly and indirectly to drive you out of
Africa.
Second We know that you dare not take
any precautions In advance to prevent the
onslaught of the Great Powers, as the
Opposition, tho great peace party, will
raise the question of expense, and this
will win over your lazy, dirty, drunken
working classes, who wilt never again
permit themselves to be. taxed to support
your empire, oireven to preserve your ex
istence as a nation.
Thlrd-.We know from all the military
authorities of the European and American
continents that you exist as an Independ
ent power merely on sufferanco, and that
at any moment tho great Emperor Will
iam can arrange with France or Russia
to wipe you oft tho faco of tho earth.
They can at any time starve you Into sur
render. You must also yield in all things
to the United States, or your supply
of corn will be so reduced by tho Ameri
cans that your working classes would bo
compelled to pay high prices for their
food, and rather than do that they1 would
have clll war, and invito any foreign
power to assist them by invasion, for
there is no patriotism in the working
classes of England. Wales or Ireland.
Fourth We know that your country has
f5jS'
WATER DISTRIBUTION IN VINELAND ORCHARD, CLARKSTON, "WASH.
M ' ' 1 ' M " M 1 ' ' 1 ' ' M
been more prosperous than any other
country during the past 50 yeara (you havo
had no civil war like the Americans and
French to tone up your nerves and
strengthen your manliness), and conse
quently your able-bodied men will not en
list in your so-called volunteer army.
Therefore you have to hire the dregs of
your population to do your fighting, and
they are deficient in physique, in moral
and mental ability, and In all the qualities
that make good fighting men.
Fifth Your military officers we know
to bo merely pedantic scholars or friv
olous society men, without any capacity
for practical warfare with white men.
Tho Afrldis were more than a match for
you, and your victory over the Soudanese
was achieved because the poor people had
not a rifle amongst them.
Sixth We know that your men, being
the dregs of your people, are naturally
feeble, and that they are saturated with
the most horrible sexual diseases, as all
your Government returns plainly show,
and that they cannot endure the hardships
of war.
Seventh We know that tho entire Brit
ish race is rapidly decaying, your birth
rate Is rapidly falllntr. your children, are
born weak, diseased, deformed, and that
the major part of your population con
sists of females, crippled people. Invalids
and lunatics of all kinds, whom you care
fully nourish and preserve.
Eighth We know that nine-tenths ofi
your statesmen, and higher officials mili
tary and naval are suffering from kidney
diseases, which weaken their courage and
will power, and make them shirk all re
sponsibility as far as possible.
Ninth We know that your navy Is blgr.
but we know that it is not powerful, but
that It is honeycombed with disloyalty
as witness the theft of the signal-books,
the assaults on officers, the desertions, tho
willful Injury of the boilers and machin
ery, which all the lgilance of the officers
Is powerless to prevent.
Tenth We know that the Conservative!
Government Is a mere sham, and that it
largely reduced the strength of the British.
Artillery in 18SS-S9. And we know that It
docs not dare now to call out the militia,
for training, nor to mobilize the fleet, nor
to gh-e sufficient grants to the line and
volunteers .for ammunition to enable themi
to become good marksmen and efficient
soldiers. We know that British soldiers
and sailors are immensely Inferior as
marksmen, not only to the Germans, tha
French and Americans, but also to Jap-
anesc, Afrldis, Chilians, Peruvians. Bel
gians and Russians.
Eleventh We know that no British Gov
ernment dares to propose any form ot
compulsory military' or naval training,
for the British people would rather be In
vaded, conquered and governed by Ger
mans, Russians or Frenchmen than be
compelled to serve their own government.
Twelfth Wo Boers know that we will
not be governed by a set of British curs
hbut that we will drive you out of Africa
altogether, and tho other manly nations
which have compulsory military servlce
the armed manhood of Europe will very
quickly divide all your other possessions
between them.
Talk no more of the Ignorance of tha
Boers or Cape Dutch; a few days mora
will prove your Ignorance of the British
position, and In a short space of time you
and your Queen will be Imploring the good
offices of tho great German Emperor to
deliver you from your disasters, for your
humiliations nro not yet complete.
For 30 years tho Cape Dutch havo been
waiting their chance, and now their day
has come; they will throw off their mask
and your yoke at the same instant, and
300,000 Dutch heroes will trample you un
der foot.
We can afford to tell you the truth now,
and In this letter you have got It.
lours, etc,
P. S.
October 12.
Gnmblinpr In Morals.
Philadelphia Press.
The Pittsburg religious paper, a Ro
man Catholic weekly, which holds that
gambling is not In and by itself sinful,
will startle many people schooled to a
different view; but It is held by a com
mon law which did not Outlaw a wager.
An eminent Englhlt bishop has devoted
much space to endeavoring to prove that
gambling becomes immoral only when a
roan loses more than he can afford or
gives the pursuit moro time than he
should divert from his duties. Tho Lon
don Spectator reached the 6ame conclu
sion, as has more than one moralist.
Common sense Is wiser. Gambling la
immoral, not because of the mere haz
ard, ot which there Is more or less la
many moral transactions, but because
of tho state of mind and turn of thought
which it reveals, stimulates and grati
fies. This Is a world of law. In which,
effects follow causes.
The sane, healthy and Industrious mind,
and nature has no room for mere chance
or hazard. Both aro repulsive to it. The
man who finds an agreeable excitement
In them Is deliberately fostering a frame
of mind which unfits a maa for the sober,
exercise of all his powers. This is true
In its due measure of all wagers. Anyj
Indulgence leads down this path.
The country and the world Instinctively
felt that the Impulse and Intent which led:
Mr. C. M. Schwab, head of the steel
trust, to tho table at Monte Carlo was
not the Impulse and Intent likely to lead,'
a man to wisely manage JL400,000,000 ofj
capital. Probably by; this time Mr.. Schwab,
thinks so, too, particularly as steel trust;
shares instantly fell. No man can in
dulge the gambling frame of mind, by
bet, wager or stake, without impairing
tho sano balance of his mind, an act In?
Itself immoral, and gambling, like all
acts, depends for Its Immorality, not or
the mere physical act, but on the frame
and intent of mind the act reflects an
reveals.
BUSINESS ITEMS.
'J
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' "'!!.' ' ' M V ? '?? '