Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, June 19, 1902, Image 8

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Morning Oregonian., June 19, 1902, Page 8, Image 8

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Newspaper Page TextTHE ipRNESG OKEGOMAS, THUESDAY, JUNE -19-, 1902. T toe xzg&xtiaxt Entered at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, as second-class- matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid. In Advance) Dally, with Sunday, per month 3 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year Dally, with Sunday, per year J Sunday, ner year w The "Weekly, per year.. The "Weekly, 3 months 1 CO 60 To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered, Sunday excepted.ISc Dally. Ier -Reek. deUtered. Sundays lncluded.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 10 to 14-page paper 14 to 28-page paper................-"-""0 Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended lor publication In The Orogonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual, gutters relating adver tising, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressd simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed lor this purpsse. Eastern Business Office, 43, 44, 45. 47, 48. 49 Tribune building. New York- City; C10-11-12 Tribune building. Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth Special Agency. Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., 230 Sutter street; F. IV. Pitts. IOCS Market street; J. K. Cooaer Co., 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; roster & Orear. Ferry news tand; Frank Scott. 80 Sills street, and 2. Wheatley. S13 Mission street. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 250 So. Spring street, and Oliver &. Haines. SOS So. Spring street. For sale in Sacramento by Sacramento Zcws Co., 420 K street. Sacramento. Cal. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald, D3 "Washington street. For de In Omaha by Barkalow Bros.. 101 Farnam street; Megeath Stationery Co., 130S Farnam street. For eale In Salt Lake toy the Salt Lake 2ews Co.. 77 "W. Second South street. For sale In Ogden by C H. Myers. For sale In Minneapolis by R, G. Hearsey & Co , 24 Third street South. For sale in Washington, D. C, by the Ebbett Houte newa stand. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 008-912 Seventeenth street; Louthan & Jackson Book & Stationery Co.. 10th and .Laurence street; A. Series. Sixteenth and Cur tis streets; and H. P. Hansen. TODAY'S "WEATHER Fair; variable winds, mostly west to north. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tern perature. 79; minimum temperature, CO; pre clpit&tton. none. PORTLAND, THURSDAY, JUNE 10. ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC PIONEERS. While hardship was not lacking In the experience of the pioneers of Oregon and Washiugton, it did not approach in severity the sufferings of "the first colonists of New England or even those of Virginia. This difference of hardship experienced -was not due simply to the fact that the pioneers of New England and thosa of the Pacific Coast of Ore gon were separated in time by an In terval of more than 200 years. It was due chiefly to the difference In the se verity of the climate. The New Eng land Winter "was so fearfully severe that the women and children died dur ing the first two years like a flock of infected sheep. Sc far as the Indians were concerned, the first settlers of New England experienced no trouble for more than fifty years after their first settlement, outside of the brief war of Connecticut with the Pequots. The sufferings of the New England colonists were due to the severity of the climate, the poverty of the soil and the long and dangerous passage by sea to the mother land. Thei were other hardships to which they were exposed by the hostil ity of the French and their Indian allies in Canada, but these ended with the conquest of Canada. The pioneers of the Pacific Coast, who made the transcontinental passage to Oregon with emigrant trains, not sel dom suffered great hardships before they reached their destination; they suffered considerably by Indian war fare In 1855-56, but on the whole the pioneers of Oregon and Washington had reason to congratulate themselves that they had reached a country well tim bered, well watered, with a mild climate and a fertile soil. In Western Ore gon, if worst came to worst, cattle could live through the Winter without much shelter and without stall feeding. The waters teemed with valu able food fishes; the woods were full of game; the soil was well suited 'for frultraising, apples, pears, plums, cher ries and berries of all kinds. There was no lack of forest wealth; fuel was plenty and timber cheap and accessi ble. Furthermore, the pioneer of Ore gon and Washington was In easy com munication by water with San Fran cisco, and by 1850 he had a fair market for his grain and his lumber. It Is doubtful whether any body of pioneers ever found more fortunate surround ings than those of Western Oregon and Washington. They had a mild Winter, which demanded but small feeding of stock; they had a cool Summer; they had plenty of water, plenty of fish and game; plenty of timber trees, a soil suited, to grain, vegetables and fruits of all sorts; their environment was as happy as that of a frog in a pool when theworms were large and the snakes were small. There was no reason why our pioneers at an early day should not for mere physical reasons of environment, soil, climate, wood and water, fish and game, have been a comparatively happy and contented people compared with the Puritan, pioneer of the North At lantic Coast But there was' one supreme reason wny me .racinc pioneer was a more fortunate and happier man than the Puritan, pioneer. He was a man ab solutely' free. No theocracy tyrannized over him; no Sunday laws plagued him; no theological death's head sat at every feast The pioneers of the Pacific Coast were a composite class of bold, adven turous men from all parts of the coun try. Some of them came from Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, "Virginia, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Mary land; some few of them came directly from New England, but they soon be came deodorized of New England Puri tanism If they brought any with them. This was the greatest blessing that wel comed the Oregon pioneer; he was sure to be free In thought and Bpeech. No Puritanism wrapped its paralyzing pall over the body politic There were too many fellows from everywhere and from nowhere In particular to permit any appreciable ecclesiastical influence or Interference in the state. Conse quently Oregon and Washington have both grown up into states where legis lation of Puritanic origin, like prohibi tion, does not prevail. Churches are plentyt but Puritanism leads here but a feeble And sickly life, and for this fact we are Indebted to the composite quall'5 of the Oregon and Washington piencwrs who came here to found a state from a business point of view, not to obtain security for the antics of a religious sect such as the Puritan sought In New England and the Mor mon In Utah. Because of all this, the Oregon pioneer has always been able to take life with comparative ease and practical philoso phy, while the Puritan, whether rich or poor, was always a sorrow-clouded creature leaning on the breast of care because he was perpetually possessed of paralyzing religious vlewst The long, stormy voyage In the frail ship, the bitter, cold "Winter, the stony soil, the hostile Indian did not make the-great-est misfortune of the Puritan colonist; his greatest misfortune he brought "With him in shape of his Intolerance, his theocratic fheory of government. The Puritan had courage, hardihood, endur ance, but so has a bulldog, and the Puritan lacked in other respects so greatly that he was almost the evan gelist of Inhumanity. The pioneers of the Pacific Coast brought with them .the virtues of the Puritan pioneer, but 'left behind them as an outworn oreed and obsolete garment his theocratic intolerance. JUSTICE FOR A GOOD STATE. Nobody has ever thought It worth while to publish a history of Arkansas. Some may have been written, probably have been, for there can hardly be any assemblage of a million or more Amer ican citizens without Including several historians by nature and ambition; but no history of the state is extant. Per haps the country as a whole has not been inclined to take Arkansas seri ously, and this may be explained. In the first place, the state is chiefly known to fame through the Arkansas Traveler, Individual, legend and eccen tric melody all of which, however cap tivating to fancy and persistent in memory, do not lend themselves" readily to oratory or heroics. Then there is more quaintness than solemnity in the formal undertaking of the Arkansas Legislature, to the effect that the cor ect pronunciation of its name is "Ar kansaw," though the joke is really on those who do not know that Arkansas was discovered by the Immortal Lra Salle and settled by the French, hence giving Arkansas the same title to "Ar kansaw" that St. Louis has to "St. Louie" or Marquette has not to be pro nounced "Markwet" The society of Hot Springs Is notably vitiated by unsavory importations of Northern roues, but the place cannot be cen sured for Its medicinal waters, any more than Colorado can be called to ac-j count for Its consumptive refugees or Southern California for Its visiting hypochondriacs. The worm will sometimes turn, how ever, and cne of the most eminent and Ignorant members of the United States Senate In a wholesale denunciation of Southern society has run foul of a prominent ex-Governor of Arkansas who challenges the Senator to examine the statistics of voters and population In Arkansas compared with those of other Southern States, and declares that life and property are as safe in Arkan sas as in the North. In this rejoinder there la considerable pertinence. It ap pears that while Arkansas. South Caro lina and Louisiana have in the neigh borhood of 1,300,000 Inhabitants each, there is a wide discrepancy in the .popu lation permitted to vote. While Arkan sas cast a vote of 137,000 for Governor In 1900, South Carolina's was only 50, 000 and Louisiana's but 71,000. While Arkansas counted 44,000 Republican votes, South Carolina counted but 2000 and Louisiana, but 3000. This record Is well enough to remember in connection with the state that has given to the Democratic party Its National chairman In two campaigns. Simple, plain, sturdy and sincere has been the habit of the people of Arkan sas, not only since its strenuous times from 1861 to 1868, but since its admis sion in 1836. and even since Its terri torial' organization In 1819. Two recent incidents -illustrate that character well. One is the retirement of Senator Jones. What beat him was his connection with the cotton bale trust. The people ac cepted the anti-trust pronouncements of the political platform fc at their face value. They disbelieved in trusts, and they were not the people td counte nance trust promotion in a trust-denouncing statesman. Mr. Jones owes his defeat to lack of confidence in the sturdy honesty of his own people. The other Incident is the discipline of Gov ernor Davis by the Second Baptist Church of Little Rock. He had been drinking and gambling for some time, and when called to account declined to reform his ways. So the church turned him out Have we many Northern States'where a man with the social and political prerogatives of the Governor ship would be thus openly antagonized by his congregation in the name of re ligion and decency? Iiv Arkansas, ap parently, they believe what they pro fess. They will act courageously upon conviction. Life was no Joke in Arkansas when the secessionist propaganda began to gather strength throughout the South. A meeting of prominent men was called, and of the seventy-five present no fewer than forty were firmly resolved to stay by the Union. A compromise was agreed upon in the shape of a popular vote to be taken, and then accepted as Instructive to the adjourned convention. Meanwhile Sumter was fired upon and some say dishonestly the adjourned meeting was called forthwith, regard less of the forthcoming plebiscite, and through threats and appeals to South ern sympathy the convention was car ried for secession. Few more dramatic scenes adorn the pages of American his tory than the eventful day when a crowded statehouse listened breathless ly to the declarations of the Union men of their Southern sympathies battling with their love of the Nation as they cast their ballots for separation from the Federal compact Life was no joke In Arkansas through the ensuing strug gle, when opposing armies alternately harried and occupied and devastated the state, and brother arrested brother for treason to Union or Confederate cause, or when at Pea Ridge in March, 1862, the battle raged three days until at length Slgel. by a well-timed assault, put the Confederate Army of 20,000 men under a cross-fire and drove them from the field. Belonging as It does to the Louisiana Purchase, whose celebration is soon coming on &t fit. Louis, Arkansas de serves more serious and favorable con sideration than she has been apt to have In the public mind. Her merits, both of omission and commission, are something due, no doubt to the agri cultural habit of her cotton and corn raising people, who have grown some 200.000 Incumber In the past ten years, and who'boast no city over 40.000 In habitants. They seem to have the sim ple sincerity of Vermont's population. also rural, but wlthoa that curious state's consuming passim for the Im moral delusion of preolbltlon. It is worth while to hold p as a needed object-lesson a state rhlch notlflos Its Senators and Governors that they must practice what they pwach. i SHERIFFS OF NOTTINGHAM. Thermopylae antj' Balaklava were verr well In their tfay as examples of heroism, but behol them utterly out classed by the Shrifts' posses, militia and detectives whef are fearlessly dash ing along in thewake of Tracy and Merrill. Leonldss had 300 deathless Spartans at his Jeels when he Invited the Persians ta'come on, Macduff," while the brigace that mistook some body's blunder f r a command and went up to the cannoi's mouth at Balaklava numbered 600, some 623 of whom still survive. But nght here, almost at our very doors, Wthln the sound of the panting steanboat and the shrieking locomotive, Ism little band of not more than 150, wjihout modern ordinance, without ever a Brigadier-General or a regimental band, calmly and coolly going forth to capture two whole out laws; a band of men who know theix weaponsbttter than they know the law, and who have proven themselves of the greatestourage by shooting two men who wer, not looking and a third who was unarmed. Somewhere in the mountain fast nesses fif Cowlitz Gounty UiIb little party is now gallantly marching on ward, within easy range of one an other's' rifles, and in deadly peril of the terrible fugitives who have gone on before; Night after night has fallen oh the cover where the desperadoes may have lurked, and without showing a sign, of trepidation the brave manhunt ers have put the chase to press for the 'night, turned their weary footsteps to the rear, and galloped homeward without a qualm or a tremor. Sunrise the following morning has always found them again on the trail, bloodhounds in leash and rifles in hand, often less than three and never more than five miles behind the game. Some of them, bolder than the rest. If that be possible, .have gone on ahead and waited for the out laws to advance. They have stood squarely In the cen ter of country roads, over which their prey had passed not twelve hours be fore, and If the convicts had back tracked It might have gone hard with them. But the cowardly murderers, afraid to meet their adversaries, sneak through the brush like Filipinos, take pot shots at the posse under the unfair cover of night, and continue to commit, depredations which prove beyond ques tion that they are utterly lacking In an understanding of elementary ethics, and beneath the dignity of foemen worthy of their pursuers' lead. That such a chase has been handed from Sheriff to Sheriff, and, like a snowball, has accumulated as It pro ceeded. Is evidence that the soil of Wash ington, as well as that of Oregon, breeds heroic men. The terrifying glimpses of the convicts which have been vouch safed to the farmers along their line of march have not deterred a man nor lowered a rifle. And it Is very evident from the proud annals of the last week and a half that while these assassins, marauders, horse-thieves and hold-up artist are In the Northwest the Sheriffs, the posse, the militia and the detectives will never lay down their arms, never, never, never! VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION WORTH LESS. Ex-Presldent Cleveland, who Is a member of the Civic Federation's arbi tration board. Is reported by the New York World as hopeful of what volun tary arbitration can be made to do In ending Industrial warfare. Mr. Cleve land calls attention to a recommenda tion made by him to Congress in 1886 for the appointment of a permanent National arbitration board connected with the Department of Labor at Washington, to which disputes could be referred In case both parties desired ar bitration. Mr. Cleveland does not be lieve In compulsory arbitration on the ground that "It would be apt to in crease the number of Industrial disputes by awakening expectations of favorable decisions from the board of arbitration"; a most lame and Impotent conclusion, In our Judgment, for Mr. Cleveland to reach. Suppose Mr. Cleveland's Na tional board of arbitration existed to day; It would be utterly worthless, for the operators declined to submit to ar bitration. The services' of the Civic Federation, which Includes both Mr. Cleveland and Mark Hanna, were re jected by the operators. The miners were willing and anxious to arbitrate the dispute, but the operators were not willing. Tho Civic Federation's arbitration board Is of not the slightest value In . great quarrel between capital and la bor. It takes no pains to arouse public sentiment In favor of arbitration; It takes Its hat off with equal urbanity to both the operators and the miners, despite the fact that the operators re fuse to arbitrate, while the miners wel come arbitration. It does not as a body criticise or censure the operators, who doggedly refuse to arbitrate. Of what sort of practical value is this Civic Federation's arbitration board? It Is of no value whatever; It Is a delusion and a snare, as far as labor Is con cerned, for ltq conduct shows that it Is nothing but a Quaker gun. It utilizes no opportunity; it discharges aggres sively no responsibility. The Civic Fed eration arbitration board includes r number of excellent men, but their names do not mean any mqre In a great conflict between capital and labor than the name of a leading lawyer or statesman or clergyman means when you And it attached to a business pros pectus or to a quack medicine certifi cate. Voluntary arbitration has al ways failed as a rule, and always will fall, because the fellow who feels that he has a weak caEe will refuse to arbi trate. Thejmblic, to iprotect -Itself for the future from the disastrous results of these great conflicts between labor and capital must enact compulsory arbitra tion; must compel both sides to show their hands and let' the courts decide between the disputants. Otherwise the country will always be at the mercy of a possible quarrel between labor, and capital that may be far-reaching in its disastrous consequences to the pros perity and decent comfort of the people. We cannot always submit to this out rage of having the happiness and com fort of a whole people periodically para lysed by the quarrels of capital and la bor. The people ultimately will Insist -on compulsory arbitration and force both sides io come into court and submit to Its decision the Issues of their quarrel. If the operators think their quarrel is Just why should they refuse to submit to judicial arbitration.; and If their quarrel lo not Just why should they not be compelled to submit to such arbi tration? The Portland lumber strike shows un mistakable signs of breaking up. Some few men are returning to work, and many others are talking of doing so. Once such a movement sets In, it is morally certain to become general in short order. The failure of such a strike is an unanswerable Indictment of its promoters. The- test of every such drastic measure as a strike- by workmen or a lockout by employers is final success. However meritorious the contention, there is no merit In the strike that falls, because It has injured its participants without any benefit If it can't succeed, it mustn't be ordered. It Is no defense to say that the labor leaders couldn't foresee the" future. It Is their business to foresee It No use to say they dldnt know. It's their business to find out. If the lumber strike falls, its chief significance will be the blow it Is certain to give to unionism In Portland, and because of that fact it should have been under taken only after the ground had been carefully surveyed and the result made sure. The poor excuse of lack of public support will not suffice;for no strike ever had more sympathetic treatment from press and public General Grant's grandson, son of Gen eral F. D. Grant, now Just entering his senior year at West Point Academy, Is to be Adjutant o the post General Horace Porter, our Minister to France, was Adjutant of the post of the class of 1860, and he Is rejoiced that the grandson of the great General upon whose staff he served has been named for this honor. Talent skips a genera tion not Infrequently. None of General Grant's sons are men above mediocrity, but the tradition of brains in the family is restored by Grant's grandson. The son of the first President Harrison was an obscure man, but the family repu tation for brains was restored by Presi dent Benjamin Harrison. After Roger Sherman, the statesman of the Revo lution, there were no famous names until we reach General Sherman and his brother, John. The President has succeeded. In his first session of Congress, In stirring up Into active opposition or equally for midable armed neutrality such power ful figures as Hanna and Elkins, and the passive Indifference of Aldrlch and Allison. He has made his ideal what is simply right and just, thinking to take no account of the ambitions and vani ties of unscrupulous leaders. The peo ple would make short work with these marplots and sustain the President manfully. If they were not so subject to the adroit manipulation of shrewd politicians. With the political machines of the great states In hostile hands, the Administration's friends -will know they have been In a scrap when the ticket of 1904 Is finally framed. Elder Hiram Munger, the patriarch of the Second Adventlsts, died at Chlco pee Falls, Masa, recently, aged 95. He was an old-fashioned Methodist who turned Mlllerlte when William Miller in 1831 began to preach the second coming of Christ to judge the world, and fixed the date of the Judgment some time between March 21, 1843, and March 21, 1S44. The date was postponed. There was a- mistake In the calculations. Oc tober 24, 1844. took tho place of March 21, 1844. Elder Munger is described as a good man and a most stirring and effective revivalist He waited a long time in expectation of thfe Master's coming, and always ruled hlo" dally life so righteously Uiat he- had no need to fear the judgment day. Sergeant Hoff Is dead. He was a na tive of Alsace, a private soldier in the French Army when the .war of 1870 broke out He was an accomplished swordsman and crack shot, and the offi cial records of the French, Army attest that he killed thlrty-flve enemies with his own hand. Sergeant Hoff Is prob ably the last in the list of soldiers of this sort, whose numbers under the con ditions of modern warfare must Inevi tably decrease. In the Napoleonic wars the records of such soldiers were com mon. The "Percy Anecdotes" tell the story of English Trooper Shaw, a fa mous pugilist, killing or disabling single-handed a dozen French cuirassiers who assaulted him at Waterloo. A correspondent Is concerned to know how unfit persons can be restrained from parenthood. No such consumma tion, obviously, can be reached for a long time, if ever. The most promising resource of society In that direction Is an aroused public conslcence which will visit contumely and reproach upon every wretch, male or female, who brings diseased or helpless children Into the world deliberately. They should be condemned In unmistakable attitude and terms, and not solaced with sym pathy and support It Is an open ques tion how much the recruited population of criminal, diseased and Insane Is due to mistaken charity which encdurages while it pets and condones. Tho Vermont State Republican Con vention meets today. The three candi dates for the Gubernatorial nomina tion are as follows as to number of delegates: X. G. McCullouch, of Bennington, neutral as to prohibition .' 325 Perclval W. Clement, of Rutland, high li cense and local option.... 219 Fletcher Proctor, of Proctor, prohibition 172 It wlil require 365 votes to nominate. The success of Clement's antl-prohlbl-tlon canvass reveals a surprising strength of sentiment for therepeal of the prohibition policy. ) Crownlnshleld, unfortunately, Is not In so high favor In this country as to command Instant approval of his view of the Chicago's experiences at Venice. His report Is certain to serve one agree able purpose, however, and that Is to jar for a moment the composure of those superior beings whose patriotism teaches them to cbndemn and denounce without hearing every American soldier and sailor upon whose name rumor has set a shadow of scandal. The Governor of North Carolina has done a, wise and brave thing in offering $30,000 reward for the apprehension of the lynchers who killed an Innocent negrp suspected of crime. No race prob lem justifies the wreaking of mob vio lence on an Innocent man, however odious his skin. It is next to-be ardent ly hoped that the reward will be clalmedand the murderers punished. CREATING A NEW EMPIRE. St Paul Pioneer Press. If Congress should suddenly annex a stretch of territory adjacent to the United States as large as Illinois and Indiana with most of Connecticut thrown In, and capable of producing four or five times the number of bushels to the acre that good lands in those states produce, the announcement would create ""considerable excitement But that is practically -what Congress has done ln"pas3lng the Irriga tion bill, and there baa been hardly a rip ple. There ara some 60.000,000 acres In the arid regions capable of being reclaimed and thrown open to settlement while in all Minnesota there are only 50,000,000 acres, and not all of that capable ot pro ducing crops. Furthermore, If the Senate accents the House amendments, as It probably will, the possession ot this terri tory by individual homesteaders will be practically assured. Every safeguard that could be devised to eliminate the land speculator; the land grabber and the "water speculator his been Included in. the House bill. As these provisions have the support of the "VVjestcrn members, of the National Irrigation Association and of tho President, and as they are in harmony with tho unbrokeirxpollcy oX the Govern ment since its Inception, they are likely to be in the bill as finally passed. If they are, the Irrigation bill will" mean homes for several million people. Under irrigation It Is generally estimated that a tract of from 20 to 40 acres will support a family, whereas from SO to 100 or ISO acres are required under ordinary condi tions. The bill nrovldes that each home steader may take up not less than 40 nor more than 160 acres, and even If the maxi mum should be taken up In every case. there will be room on the reclaimed lands for 375,000 families, or about 1.875,000 In dividuals, not counting two or three hired men to each firm. The Irrlgatlonlsts claim, on the basis of SO acres to a home stead and seven individuals to a family, that the Irrigated tracts will provide homes for 5,000,000 people, while the con sequent growth of the non-agricultural communities will bring the new popula tion of the now arid region up to 20,000, 000 and over. Such calculations, however, rest on the supposition that there will never bo any concentration of holdings, an cssumptlon that Is hardly warranted by experience. Nevertheless there As no room for doubt that directly and Indirect ly, the irrigated tracts will ultimately sup port many millions of people, just as the arable lands of Minnesota support not only those who- occupy and till them, buf sovereal millions 6f producers In its own cities and thoso of other states. In the benefits of this work of empire building Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon. South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming are to share directly. In some of the states areas amounting to 7.000.0CO acres In all have already been reclaimed by private Initia tive, but as those who have undertaken tho work of irrigation have, except in a few Instances, been unable to share in the production of the land, and as there are conflicting state jurisdictions to In terfere with the best and most economical plans for storing and distributing water, the 7,000.000 acres Is said to markthe llnt of successful private endeavor. As It Is, most Irrigation concerns have become bankrupt and unless Congress had seen l ... l..... ik. t. . . .. uk m huvb uie v. uin. unueruuien oy me Federal Government he reclamation of tho arid lands would have proceeded very slowly and have been limited to extent. Nor Is it believed that tho work will cost the public very much. It Is proposed to-, pay for tho work f r6m the proceeds ot the sales of the public lands In the states which Include the arid region, and to make no expenditures unless there Is suf ficient money in the special fund thus created. The arid recion contain come f COO.O&.OOO acres of vacant public land, con sisting largely of mountain ranges an.d arid plains, whose srrasses sustain the L herds of cattle from which a large pro portion or tne beet supply Is obtained. The Irrigation of tho reclaimable portion of these vacant public lands will put within reach of the cattlemen supplies of cheap food on which to carry their herd3 through the hard Winters, a consideration that would Justify the appropriation of the proceeds of land sales to irrigation purposes if further Justification were needed than the agricultural and com mercial salvation of absolutely waste tracts larger than Minnesota, the fur nishing of homes for millions, and the 'fact that most of the states of the arid region having no harbors or navigable rivers, have never shared directly in- the benefits of river and harbor appropria tions, to which they have contributed their share. Mr. Wataon'a Coronation Ode. New York Times. Among the most notable items of coro nation literature next week will be the ode by William Watson, which Is In about 200 verses distributed through five can tos. In general, the poet reviews tihe de velopment of the British power through past centuries, with particular reference to the reign of Victoria. It seems to us to have a fine swing and delightful image ry, which are maintained throughout It begins: Sire, wo have looied on many and mighty things In these eight hundred Summers of renown. Since the Gold Dragon of tho Wesaex Kings On Hastings field went down; ( And slowly in the ambience of this crown. Have many crowns been gathered, till today How many peoples crown thee, who shall say? Reference to Ireland is made In a man ner which is as oftenseless as It is perti nent: And now the day whose bosom was so high Sinks billowing down; and twIllghtaoreerles change Into remote and strange What is most known and nfgh; And changelessly the river sends his sigh Down Jeagues of hope and fear, and pride and shame. And life and death; dim-Journeying passion less To where broad estuary and beaconing ness Look toward the outlands whence our fathers came. And high on Druid mountains "hath the sun Flamed valediction, as the last lights died Beyond that fatal wave, that from our side Sunders the lovely and the lonely bride That wo have wedded but never won. That's J ixnt What It Does. Philadelphia Bulletin. One aspect of the recent election In Ore gon which attracted little notice in this portion of the country, is the adoption of referendum, by an overwhelming vote. This measure gives the power both of In itiating and of killing legislation directly into the hands of the people themselves. Whenever 8 per cent of the legal voters petition for any specific legislation, this must be submitted to popular judgment at the polls, and If a majority approve of it. It Is made law without the Interven tion of the Legislature. Similarly, If 5 per cent of tho voters demand the popular judgment on any bill which the Legisla ture passes. It must be submitted to the electorate, which has the power- to nullify It It Is further provided that the Govern or shall not have the power to veto a bill which the people have ratified by di rect ballot In theory this should give the people of Oregon the whip hand "over their legislators whenever these prove faithless to their duty or pass measures antagonis tic to the popular will. Whether It will work well In practice can best be told later. A Game of Three. Corvallls Gazette. So far we have heard of but three per sons who favor the Idea of holding a spe cial session of the Legislature Colonel K, Hofer, the promoter; T. T. Geer, the Gov ernor, and George E. Chamberlain, the Govcrnor-elccti Colonel Hofer. as usual. Is after notoriety; the Governor Is after' the United StaJ.es Scnatorshlp, and the Governor-elect Is after a fat salary of J5000. - " . INCREASE IN.TEA CONSUMPTION. Pall Mall Gazette. The Board of Trade has compiled a statement showing the Imports ot tea and coffee Into the principal countries of-isu-rope, the United States and certain Brit ish colonies, together with statistical tables relating thereto for recent years. From" this we extract tho following fig ures, showing the per capita consumption of tea during the three years 1S93-1U00 In the principal countries of Europe and In the United States: ' 1903. 1830. isoo. Pounds. Pound. Pound. United iJlngdom 5.80 Russia. 0.32 Germany .....O.ll Holland ...l. France .........0.03 lilted States ..., 0.03 0.08 0.1O 0.78 . 0.03 O.ll 0.12 1.3'J 1.4S U.Oo 0.U3 0.03 1.00 For years ended Jun CO. From the above it will be seen that in the United Kmgdom over six pounds ot tea per head ot the population are con sumed. Sixteen year3 ago the per capita consumption amounted to approximately five pounds. There Is no other ifluropean country where such a per capita consump tion is approached.. Indeed, there Is no other European country, with the excep tion of Holland, where the consumption of tea exceeds one pound per head. In Rus sja and In the United States, which are the other two lanre tea-consuming countries, fthe consumption amounts to about one Dound Der head: In France the total f amount of tea consumed Is under 2,300,000 pounds, or six-tenths of a pound per head of the population, and In Germany It is fi.75O.00O nounda or twelve-tenths Ot a pound per head of the population. Tho total consumption ot tea in the United Kingdom exceeds that of all other European countries and the United States put together. During the 17 years from 1SS1 to 1300 It has risen from 175,U0O,UW pounds to 250,000,000 pounds, an Increase of 43 per cent The tea consumed in the United King dom Is derived principally from British In dia and Ceylon, the quantity obtained from China' having diminished of late years, not only relatively but absolutely, being in 1900 less than half what It was in 1S93. Ot the six pounds of tea which is the Rreseht yearly per" capita consump tion, little more than one-third of a pound Is Chinese, while above three and One-third pounds come from India and two and one-fourth pounds from Ceylon. Tho consumption of tea from Ceylon is at present Increasing at a more rapid rate than that from India. In 1KB ot nva and onePhalf pounds consumed pr head, two and three-fourths came from India, one and two-thirds from Cey lon and the remainder mostly from China. In Russia the tea consumed Is still prin cipally Chines, Imported for the most part over the Asiatic frontier. In Holland about half the tea consumed comes from Java and most of the remainder Is froa. tho United Kingdom, and, as our own foreign trade accounts show, Ms principally of Chinese origin. In the United States rather more than halt the tea consumed is imported from China, but a large propor tion (about two-fifths) Is Japanese. In Australia about two-thirds of the tea Imported Is derived from India and Cey lon, and the bulk of the remainder from China or Hong Kong. In New Zealand the quantity Imported directly from China Is Insignificant, although a portion of that imported from Australia may be ot Chi nese orlKin. Ot the consumption in Can- ada more than a third is Japanese and less than a sixth Chinese. The bulk ot the remainder Is derived from India or rvinn Jthpr dfrpctlv or through tne United Kingdom. China Is still the largest exporter of tea, though the quantity ex ported Is by no means so large as it used to be; thus, In the period of lSSt-86 tne amount of tea exported from China aver aged 2S2.O00.C0O pounds, while In the period 1S98-190O It averaged 202,000,000 pounds, a decrease of 28 per cent. Meanwhile tne exports of tea from the three other pro ducing countries have been constantly Increasing of late years; in the case ot British India the exports have doubled In 13 years, while In the case of Ceylon tne export, which is now nearjy 15q,w0W, was In 1881 only 2,000,000 pounds. - The Portion of Labor. Minneapolis Tribune. The New York Financial Chronicle has been making an Interesting study of cen sus returns for 50 years, in order to deter mine the relative share of wage-earners In the fruitage of the Increased product iveness in manufacturing. n.veryDoay knows that the product ot labor has been enormously Increased and the cost of pro duction enormously dlminisned ny me chanical invention. Increased Individual skill and better organization of labor. Everybody knows, too, that nearly all this gain has gone to the consumer in lower prlcea. The Inquiry referred to was made to determine whether or not labor and capital had any share in it The conclusion- as to capital Is rather vague, on account of the lack of statistics before 1SS0; but the return to capital since that time has been diminishing steadily though slowly. This was to be expected In view of the steady decline of the rate of interest- which Is a rough relative measure of the Teturn made by all Invest ed capital. It Is probable, however, that with the better organization of Industry, capital achieves economies that were Im possible, and avoids waste that was Inev itable in the early stages of Industry. The statistics as to Jabor are far more complete. It appears that while the gross product per wage-earner has Increased In 50 years from ?1065 to J2451, the average wage per person has increased from ?247 to $438. That Is to say, he gets 40 per cent more wages and nearly ae large a share of his total product as he did 50 years ago, while the" share of capital has decreased relatively as well as absolutely. Of courae. it Is to be considered that both capitalist and laborer are at the same time consumers, and that both have gained enormously by the fall of prices. That Is, tho dividends of one and the earnings of the other will buy far more than they did 50 years argo. Altogether the advantages ot the world's progress are pretty fairly distributed. Irish Attitude to the Empire. New York Times. The really serious aspect of the matter Is that It should havo been possible In any parliamentary constituency In the United Kingdom to elect an open and boastful traitor to a seat in the House of Commons. Whether his election be viewed as Irish pleasantry or Irish malice it adds to the disquietude of the government on account of Ireland. Colonel Lynch's ap pearanco with a certificate of election is an unpleasant evidence of the state of the Irish mind. Hymn,. A mighty fortress is our God p A bulwark never' falling. Our helper he, amid the flood Of mortal ills prevailing. For stiir our ancient foe Doth seek to work us woe; His craft and power are great And, armed with "cruel hate, On earth Is not his equal. Did we In our strength confide. Our striving would bfc losing: "Were not the'rlght man on our side. The man of God's own-choosing. Dost aak who that may bet Christ Jesus, It is he; Lord Sabaoth Is his. name. From age toifge the same. And he must win the battle. " And though this world, with devils filled, Shoald threaten to undo us; We will not fear, for God hath willed His truth to triumph through us. ' The Prince of Darkness grim "We' tremble not for him: His rage we can endure. For. lo, his doom Is sure. One little word shall fell him. That word above all earthly powers No thanks to them abldeth; The spirit and the gifts are ours Through him, who with us sldcth. Let goods and kindred go, This mortal life also; The body they may kill; God'n ruth abldeth still. klft ,. His kingdom, i3 forever. ' ' 4 Martini Luther (translated by F. H. Hedge). NOTE AND COMMENT. Let the fugitives go to Seattle, where they will feel at homo. "If you -see a. head, shoot at It," seems to be the rule with the po3se: Iet us ask the President to come out and look for the convicts himself. The pioneers made the town what It Is. Let them have i for the time being. Dyers are striking In Paterson, and there seems to be some color to their conten tion. Justice has a way of getting even In the long run. Automobiles are now running down scorchers. No one knows Just how much money Russell Sage has but himself, and he wtl never give it away. Some of the pioneers who were here yesterday would have made short work of Tracy and Merrill in their day. But even the ree baths have no check on tho man who rocks the boat. He Is in the hands of the fool-kilier alone. There arc yet a few more Sheriffs who haven't been out on the trail, but they ara packing up and cleaning their rifles. Pirates are now operating In Cuba, and it Is feared that some of Richard Harding Davis' Cuban stories havo fallen Into their hands. " King Edward surely has a griexance against a parcel of rogues who try to assassinate ' him before he has been crowned. Secretary Him'e ought to get a few of the horses which haven't been stolen by Tracy and Merrill for hi3 historical soci ety collection. Uow doth the pretty Summer girl Acqulro fresh-laid tan. And soon we'll read old Jokes about The shirt-waist man. Senator Hanna's leg Is in such a condi tion that he cannot stand to make a epeqeh. And still he Is thinking of going Into a campaign for the Presidency. One of Lord Salisbury's pet anecdotes Is the story of the barber of Portsmouth whom ho had occasion to patronize some years ago. This tonsorlal artist did not fall to recognize his distinguished patron, for the latter, on passing the shop a few days later, was gratified to observe a pla card In the, window bearing this Inscrip tion: "Haircut 2d. With the same scis sors as I cut Lord Salisbury's hair, 6d." J. W. Lewis, of Paris, Tenn., who la making a canvass for the Demecratla nomination to Congress, is something of an anti-Imperialist, as may be Inferred from the following outburst in his speech the other day at Adamsvllle, Tenn.: "Tho American Army marched into the town of Samar and killed 10.000 innocent women and children. The American bullets pierced the mothers hearts as their innocent In fants were being lulled to leep on their mothers' breasts, and Instead of sucking milk they sucked their mothers' blood.' George C. Hume, a lawyer of Chilton, "Wis., is about to reeclve a unique honor. He will be made chief ot the Brothertown Indian Nation. Mr. Hume aided the In dians gratuitously In filing proofs of the validity of their claims against tho Gov ernment, and in return they have elected the lawyer -to the chieftainship of the nation1. He will accept; as the office Is merely a nominal one, and will not In terfere with his other duties. The Broth ertowns still maintain their ancient tribal relations, though they are amenable to the laws of the United States. , "When General Louis Botha passed through Vryheld, a few weeks ago," says tho London Chronicle, "the impression given by his good spirits was that he wai pleased with the 'terms, while one of the officers of his staff confidently declared that peace would be proclaimed in a fort night The English commanding officer went out to exchange courtesies with Botha, and tho Infantry gave him a guard of honor until he joined his own burghers a few miles out of Vryheid. All this Is as might be expected; but a strange Inci dent occurred. The English officer In charge of the escort was presented to General Botha's secretary. Jacobus do Wet, who had been three years at Oxford, and to hl3 aid-de-camp, Loui3 Eslem, also a 'varsity man. They were evident ly anxious to get speech with the lieuten ant, and their first words were, 'Who won the boat race?' " As late, as 1S12, students In Trinity and St. John's -Colleges, Cambridge, were pro hibited from wearing pantaloons or trou sers In chapel. Oxford men had already fought for and won the right to wear trousers. These were first allowed In Ox ford In 1810, when Rlgaud was proctor, and his relaxation of discipline gave great offense to the dons. On November 20. 1S15, William Phelps, scholar of Corpus, and afterward archdeacon of Carlisle, writes: "I have been invited once to tne Dacn elor's common room, where I found all wore black pantaloons and stockings and white waistcoats." Evidently the discov ery caused some surprise, or he would not have thought it worthy of record. Dean Burgon relates In his "Lives of Twelve Great Men" that as late as 1S47 the Rev. Edward Miles Rudd, as senior fellow of Oriel, used to appear at the college "gaudy" in black shorts. PLEASANTRIES OF' PARAGRAFIIERS Three for a Quarter. Lady Poor little chap. You say my dog bit you? Weil, here Is a dime. Boy Say. missis, let's let him blta me twice more,-and call It a quarter. Puck. An Outrage. Old Lady Oh, heavens! that baseball hit me right In the eye. Small Boy Wot a bloomln shamel Only fer yer eye dat would er bin a home run. Judge. Couldn't Have Seen It Mls3 Eastslde That Is a lovely gown. bd&I haven't seen It before? Miss Westslde No, I think not; T have only worn it at a very few smart affairs this sea son. Town and pountry. f Comparative Valuation. "Be not like dumb driven cattlel" exclaimed the graduating gul. "No chance of It!" muttered tho cynic In tho back row of the auditorium. "I'd ltko to see the day 'when I'm worth as much as sirloin and porterhouse." Washington Star. Miss Grimm It's a shame tho way women are permitted to stand In the crowded street cars. Crustlcus That's- right: they bump against a fellow and cet in his light so he can't read his paper In peace half the time The company ought to ke,ep 'em off. Chicago Dally News. Mrs. Greene Miss 'Black and that Brown girl made themselves ridiculously prominent at the- muslcale last night. It was positively scandalous i Mrs. White For mercy's sake, what did they do? Mrs. Greene Do? They Just sat there all the evening, lfstenlng to the music, and never passed a word between them. Boston Transcrlpt. An Inherited Weakness. "How readily and naturally your daughter takc3 her high C." said Mrs. Oldcastle aa she -sat In the splendid music-room of the new neighbors listening to the practising of the daughter of the house. "Yes," replied her h03te33, "Mamie takes after i-her pa. I always told Joslah'that whenever anything come high bo waa sure to take it right offs He always was so arlstocratlcal la bis tastes." Chicago Record-Herald.