2
THE MORNING OREGOmAN, MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1902.
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t ,
TODAY'S WEATHER Showers; brisk and
prbpably high, squally southerly -winds.
"YESTERDAYS WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, C2; minimum temperature, 49; pre.
clpltatlon, .20 inch,
!
IFORTIAITO, MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1002.
JVGAIX OREGON LEADS.
The feature of the Republican plat
form of Oregon that obtains special at
tention in the Eastern States is the dec
laration In regard to the Philippine
Jslamds. That the question of retention
or abandonment of these islands Is to
foe the main Issue between the two
great parties In the next contest for the
Presidency Is as certain as apparent.
JThe Oregon resolution therefore wad
'timely; and' throughout the country it is
instantij' recognized as a keynote. "We
reproduce it:
The events of tho late war- with Spain car
ried us 'Into -the Philippine Islands. We hold
It to be consistent with the principles of lib
erty and of our National life that the sover
eignty of the United States should be main
tained in the islands, with such local self
government as the people may be, or may be
come, fitted to participate In. Wo therefore
declare against all proposals looking to the
retirement of the United States from the
Philippine Islands.
It is said, indeed, that the Filipinos
are "fighting for their homes and for
their liberty." But they are fighting
for neither. The United States will not
deprive them of their homes, but will
protect them in their homes. The
United 'States will not deprive them of
their liberty, but will assure them a
large and perfect liberty, upon a broad
er basis than they could ever estab
lish and maintain without the aid and
support of the United States; and the
"United States, moreover, will guarantee
them the possession and enjoyment of
their homes and their liberty, against
the Intrusion of foreign powers as well
as against domestic enemies. The FI1
pinos no more have been fighting for
their homes and their liberty than the
Confederates were in the great Civil
"War; and the Filipinos will beas se
cure In possession and enjoyment of
their homes and their liberty as the
people of our Southern States are. Be
tween the conditions of a true and ra
tional liberty and the notes of a windy
ixhetorio on the spurious article It is
'not difficult to discriminate, as the
American people will show these de
jclalmers. But, "the dangers of imperialism."
(Another figment of a loose imagina
tion. We are to lose our own liberties
ln these enterprises, so the alarmists
'tell us. Territorial expansion will un
dermine republican institutions, destroy
the simplicity of American sopiety (by
(the way, already one of the most com
plex In the world), and conduct us on
the downward road to that world of
(shadows where flit the historic ghosts
ioS Carthage and the Roman Empire.
'IS the- liberty of which we boast, then,
leo puny a child? This has been the
'cry against our territorial expansion at
verystep. Yet It has been "found that
,the way to extend freedom is to extend
the territory -of freedom; -and England,
the greatest colonizer and expansionist
'of the present world, has been extend
ing her possessions for three centuries
in all quarters of the globe, while, con.
'tinually enlarging the basis of popular
Tights and public liberty at home, as
Jwell as wherever her flag floats, over
Ihe round world.
It is true that the American people
are energetic and adventurous; and this
eplrlt is the surest guarantee that they
will continue to be devoted to freedom.
This Immense energy cannot be pent
up, even within the limits of this con
tinent. It must discharge itself In ad
venture, In discovery, In enterprise
without, as well as in effort within. It
needs all this, moreover, as a school;
.and through such course it can do more
'for the advancement of the human
race than Imagination can now con
(celve. It requires opportunity, effort,
danger and sacrifice. If it must fight
now and again, all the better. So, only,
can a great people be made; so, only,
maintained. It is not yet three -hundred
years since our first colonists came
to America, to contend for their lives
'with the dangers of a new settlement
among savage foes. It is not much
more than one hundred years since
their successors pushed on into the
Mississippi "Valley, to hold their ground
against an exterminating warfare. It
Is less than fifty years since our later
ipipneers were pushing across the path
less deserts of the further "West, to
Oregon and California, in caravans that
left a trail of bleaching bones to mark
the way for those who were to follow
them with railway surveys. Can it be
supposed that the descendants of such
a people have lost the Instinct of en
terprise that calls for resourcefulness
in difficulties, or the courage that courts
hazardous undertaking and feels a joy
in it? Here .to America Is the greatest
reservoir of human energy now under
the sun; and it cannot be denied an out
let For If It can find an outlet in no
other way, It may be expected to dis
charge itself in anarchistic, socialistic
and other destructive modes in Roman
civil wars and French revolutions.
These not such enterprises as those in
the Philippines, against which our wise
acres warn us are the conditions under
which liberty perishes.
Again, we have needed the conse
quences of the Spanish "War to carry us
out of our narrowness of view, out of
our exclueiveness and self-sufficiency;
wo have needed them to show us our
place in the outer and larger world.
The new position is destined to teach
us the advantage and, indeed, the ne
cessity of the freest commercial oppor
tunities possible. We want foreign
trade, and we can get it In ample meas
ure only by freeing ourselves from re
strictions so long maintained under the
name of protection! which the new pol
icy, under the very necessities of the
case, will render obsolete. Even Mc
Klnley saw there were to be no more
McKInley tariffs. The public service,
moreover. In these new places, will re
quire administrative methods which
will tend to produce, by example and
by reflex- action, great changes In ad
ministrative methods and in our civil
service at home. Still further, outlying
possesions will compel us, as nothing
hitherto has done, to respect the opin
ions, the manners and the interests of
other nations. We shall take lessons in
international civility; for we need them.
The subject has vast range, and there
are objects of highest interest at the
end of and throughout every vista. He
w.h6 cannot see that we are entering
upon a new and momentous stage of
our National evolution, that we cannot
decline it, that we must accept It and
guide It, lacks the breadth of view nec
essary to the problems that are press
ing upon ua The need is not of declam
atory speeches about endangered lib
erty, which are but empty and idle
breath; for under American sovereignty
liberty will need no champions. But
there is demand for constructive states
manship, with breadth of view, able to
comprehend and to deal with the prob
lems of the present and coming time.
PRESHN'T STATUS OF IRRIGATION.
There are two fundamental facts
which must be recognized and recon
ciled in settlement of the irrigation
problem. One Is that capital will not
enter upon the great undertakings
which are essential to the reclamation
of our arid lands unless it has a pretty
clear prospect of making money out of
them. The qther is that the interests
of the people In the public domain must
be conserved. No bill Is satisfactory
that does not fit In with these two op
posing principles. A bill that offers no
encouragement to capital Is equal to no
bill at all. One that does not protect
the public lands from misappropriation
is worse than none.
We are apt to impute immoral pur
poses to the custodians of land-seeking
capital. So dearly do the people prize
the public domain, partly because of Its
fortuitous and accidental connection
with our school system, that we ac
count the moneyed land-seeker as little
better than a common thief. It Is en
durable that a man should desire the
gold in the mines, or the timber in the
forests, or even the fish in the streams,
but if his prosperous and thrifty eye
rests upon the expanse of fertile but un
cultivated land, he is fit only for anath
ema. Doubtless the cattle kings and
the arid-land speculators are as moral
on the- average as the rest of us, but
this popular aversion has driven them
into devious and unsavory ways. They
must try to get by stealth that which
Congress dare not give them openly.
The lease law and the Senate irrigation
bill are cases in point.
The Oregon Republican state platform
commends President Roosevelt's atti
tude toward Irrigation, and approves
Federal control of proposed operations
In aid of the arid lands. It is well
enough to understand what this position
means, and what the President really
stands for. This Is fully explained in
Mr. Whelpley's letter printed on an
other page this morning. The President
Is determined to protect the lands from
"grabbera" Therefore he wants the
Senate bill amended so that lands like
ly to be Irrigated can be withdrawn
from purchase and reserved for settlers,
and also amended so that settlers only,
and not nominally different landowners
only, can buy them. Anybody can see
that If the lands are not reserved until
the work is started they will already
have been gobbled up by the syndl
catea Everybody knows that a mere
formal requirement that one landowner
should get only 160 acres of land would
be evaded into nullity as syndicates now
circumvent the timber-land laws.
It Is not a pleasant thought that these
restrictive amendments might, if adopt
ed, operate to retard many great irriga
tion schemes now under full headway.
The Oregonian would not seem to be,
for it Is .far from being, Insensible to
the great need of. this far Western coun
try for developing capital on Its vast
areas of land now waste and dry. Yet
If it comes to an issue between water
and honesty, we should unhesitatingly
choose the latter. It Is Important to
have this land redeemed; but It is more
Important that the people's landed her
itage shouia be protected. We have
had enough of railroad-grant steals and
timber-land steals and school-land scan
dals and lieu-land frauds. Such land
as remains, let it be honestly and pru
dently cared for. The day will come
when this land, now so cheap, will be
held in estimation by the voters as a
priceless heritage that was ruthlessly
squandered by prodigal hands. Genera
tions to come will remember Theodore
Roosevelt for nothing with greater
gratitude than for his activity on be
half of Irrigation and his firmness In
protecting the public domain from spo
liation. EARTH ROADS.
This Is the title of a bulletin just is
sued by the Department of Agriculture
at Washington. It opens with the
statement that drainage is the key to
success in making earth roads a state
ment that every one's observation jus
tifies; and that constant watchfulness is
the sure means of keeping them up
after they are once well made. Water
Is destructive to any road, especially
to a dirt road; therefore drainage that
will at once carry away rainfall Is ab
solutely necessary. Again, little breaks
in the road may be made by rain or by
a heavy, load at any time, and If not
repaired immediately will grow into
mud holes, especially In the Winter,
and these mud holes easily and rapidly
develop into an almost impassable mire.
But frequent Inspection and a little
work will keep the road In good condi
tion, and with less cost than under or
dinary methods. With good drainage
established in building the road, and
frequent Inspection to keep the drainage
efficient, and to mend promptly small
injuries to the surface, the earth roads
of the United States could be main
tained in a much higher state of use
fulness than at present, and at consid
erably lower cost.
To any observation or thought all this
is at once apparent. Again, in the loca
tion of roads the leading object should
be the avoidance of steep gradea Gen
tle declivity will suffice for drainage,
and heavy grades should be avoided
for prevention of wash, since earth Is
more easily dissolved and moved by
action of water than any other road
material. But, of course, the proper
grade on any particular road must be
determined by the conditions and re
quirements existing on that road. But
flat roads and steep roadB are alike to
be avoided, wherever possible.
It has been shown by accurate tests
that a horse which can draw 1000
pounds on a rise of one foot In 100
feet can draw on a rise of one foot in
ten feet only 250 pounds, and where the
grade Is one foot In twenty-four he can
draw only one-half as much as he can
draw on a level road.
The losses of energy and of effective
ness on earth roads are enormous, but
they can be much reduced by Intelligent
care. Where It Is possible to avoid heavy
grffdes roads should be relocated; but
In general the problem of earth roads
Is thorough drainage, as thorough as
possible. This is especially true in cli
mate and soli like those west of the
Cascade Mountains.
THE I.OXEIAT LIFE.
The most interesting and Illuminative
thing that has been written about the
late John P. Altgeld is a short sketch
from William F. Hinrlcheen, who was
Secretary of State of Illinois when Mr.
Altgeld was Governor. In It he throws
a strange arid almost uncanny light
upon the great -Democrat. Altgeld be
longs. It appears. In the unenviable-,
company of friendless men who lead
comparatively lonely Uvea He had
great force of character, he had excep
tional Intellectual power. But w'lth all
the gifts Nature had bestowed, she
withheld one the talent of gaining
sympathy and love. Men admired him,
they traded and contracted with him in
opinion, in business, in politics. But
they didn't warm to him. This Is how
Mr. Henrlchsen tells It:
"Why," he said, "I never had a real friend
in my life. All my so-called friends have
been purchased. I have thought that there
must be something about me that repels oth
ers." Then he continued, sadly and bitterly:
"It was so from my childhood. In school the
boys all picked on me. No one of them ever
thought of protecting me from abuae. It was
the crowd on one side and John Peter Altgeld
on the other, and It has always been the
same. I see other men win apparently de
voted friends through pure esteem, but my
friends always fall when It comes to the test."
It Is an impressive story, and not an
uncommon one. There are many Alt
gelds all around fcs men who live what
we might almost call hermit lives.
Everybody pronounces them cold, un
sympathetic, proud, self-contained. We
are apt to Imagine that their isolation
is theirs from choice. In this we are
apt to be mistaken. They who met Mr.
Altgeld day by day and were repelled
by something Nature had written on
his face or put Into his voice, or fas
tened inseparably upon his manner,
doubtless thought the repulsion was of
his purpose and to his liking. But one
man who got beneath the surface, and
to whom In an hour-of confidence the
Governor opened his heart, found that
it was not so. He grieved bitterly over
his loneliness as an Infirmity. He
would rather have had confidences and
affection. If we could get beneath the
surface of the lonely and repellent lives
about us. this would doubtless be their
general history. Their isolation may be
splendid, but it is pitiful. Nobody
knows how much they long for sym
pathy, how they would gladly ex
change their learning or their wealth
or their brilliancy for that sincere af
fection which hurries to its object for
confidence and sympathy in every fresh
experience of grief or Joy.
There Is a refuge for the Isolated life.
Though removed from the busy offices
of affection, It need not be lonely.
Governor Altgeld found It. When he
needed comfort and sympathy he went
to his books. He was a great reader, a
great student, an acute and tireless
'thinker. No one need be lonely in a
library. There, for his every variant
mood, awaits him communion with "the
mighty minds of old." There he can
find companionship for his gayer moods
and solace In the hour of gloom. The
treachery of man, the cruelty of fickle
Nature, are absent there. The message
of cheer and Inspiration that comes
from the world's best literature Is al
ways there. It is undimmed by time,
unaffected by poverty, steadfast even
in disgrace and shame. The only man
who is utterly and Irremediably lonely
is he who can find no joy In the lives
and thoughts of the great and good.
NEW FIELD FOR OREGON FRUIT.
It is not likely that the masses of Ori
entals will soon take to buying Oregon
fruit, but there can be no doubt that
the larger cities of China and Japan
promise to absorb quantities of fruit
with other products of this country.
This was pointed out by Consul H. B.
Miller several months ago, and the ex
periment of Industrial Agent Judson
with a test shipment of Hood River ap
ples tends to prove that a demand exists
beyond the Pacific that It would be well
for Oregon orchardlsts to meet. The
cost of ocean transport is small some
thing like 30 cents a box so that need
not keep the Oregon producers from
the Oriental market.
The great trade fleld.of the Orient is
to be developed In ways like thla Mere
recognition of the fact that the teem
ing millions of Asiatics have needs that
may be supplied from this country will
not establish channels of tradend open
markets to our warea The field Is
there, but the mechanism of trade we
must provide. We must go forth and
test the taste and capacity of the peo
ple to buy and consume before those
markets will become definite commer
cial factora We have found that they
will take large quantities ofwheat flour,
and It Js said that corn meal Is received
with such favor in the north of China
that" our com belt may find there relief
for any amount of "overproduction."
They now appear willing to take our
fruit, and they should be encouraged
to do so. Intelligent tests will show
that the Oriental markets will absorb
many other of our productlona
But the Orient will not be a dumping
ground for inferior warej Excellence
is demanded of whatever we introduce
Into those markets. We are not reach
ing the swarms that can hardly exercise
choice as to what they will buy, but the
commercial classes, who are in such cir
cumstances that they can demand high
quality and pay reasonably for it. Thus
the articles that will find ready sale In
Oriental markets are such as will com
mand respect anywhere. The market
beyond the Pacific is not to be valued
because It will take what other markets
would reject, but because It Is a new
field, affording room for expansion; and
it is the good fortune of Oregon to be
so situated that It can to a great ex
tent command that field. The virtues
that will place Oregon fruits In the lead
there will gain for them recognition
elsewhere, but the circumstances of
trade give us an advantage In the Or
ient and relieve us measurably of the
sharpness of competition experienced In
other markets. By all means let us
push Oregon fruit In the markets of the
Orient.
The Xiondcn Statist, in an article on
the sugar conference at Brussels, com
ments upon the fact that the consump
tion ofsugar Is so light in the bounty
paying countries. For example, Ger
many Is the cheapest producer of all,
and France and Austria are also cheap,
yet the per capita consumption In
France was but 12.67 kilos In 1900,
15,23 kilos In Germany, and In Austria
only 8 kilos, as against 41.57 kilos in
Great Britain. The reason Is that
sugar Is high In the bounty-paying
countriea and the Statist thinks the
Brussels agreement. If ratified, will
bring the price down everywhere. It Is
estimated the Continent will produce
for the year ending August 31 next
6,825,000 tons, an Increase of 756,000 tons
over that of last year. The Statist esti
mates the Cuban output at 800,000 tons,
perhaps 900,000, as compared with 512,000
tons last year, while Porto Rico, Ha
waii and the United States will also en
large their output. The cane crop will
probably be 3,600,000 tons, and with
900,000 tons carried over from last year
will give a total supply of 11,325,000 tons
for consumption In the current sugar
year. The consumption last year was
8,735,000 tons, and as the average In
crease Is but 300,000 tons per annum,
the consumption this year should be
9,035,000 tons, leaving a surplus of 2,290,
000 tons, enough for a three months'
world supply. The acreage will be
largely Increased next year in order to
get the advantage of bounties and kar
tels which are to end in September, 1903.
If the Brussels convention is ratified,
the sugar year of 1904 will start with
enormous accumulations. Hence there
is nothing" left to do but reduce prices
and lnprease consumption. If the Stat
ist Is correct, there Is little rational sup
port for the beet-sugar contention that
Cuba will be relieved naturally in a
year or two by advances in sugar prices.
Since the Tlllman-McLaurln fracas
many suggestions In regard to changing
the Senate rules In order to prevent
such unseemly outbreaks in the future
have been brought forward, and the
committee having the matter in charge
Ib reported to have decided to recom
mend the following regulations:
No Senator In debate shall directly or Indi
rectly, by any form of words. Impute to an
other Senator any conduct or motive unworthy
or unbecoming a. Senator.
No Senator In debate shall utter any re
proach upon the character or history of any
state of the Union.
The Philadelphia Bulletin pointedly
suggests that It might be a gain If the
tone of lofty politeness which these
amendments suggest could be main
tained in political debate, but nobody
who knows anything about the history
of the Senate will believe that they
could be consistently enforced. In the
heat of discussion Senators are just as
likely as other people to say sharp
things about each other, and, although
charges of fraudulent practice or cor
rupt motives, unless clear proof of their
truthfulness is presented, are rightfully
under the ban of parliamentary law. It
Is unreasonable to suppose that debate
over vexed Issues can be always con
ducted with punctilious and ceremo
nious courtesy. The Bulletin seems
about right also when It observes that
there are a good many evils In current
political life much worse than plain talk
In Congress. If the Senate sticks to the
rules It now has, and enforces them
with a rational degree of strictness. It
will do all that Is necessary In this re
spect. According to the latest statement is
sued by the Treasury Bureau of Statis
tics, the manufacturers of this country
are now importing more than 11,000,000
worth of materials for their shops every
day in the year, and are exporting more
than $1,000,000 worth of their finished
products each day. The imports of
manufacturers' materials in the eight
months ended with February, 1902, were
valued at $270,202,774, and the exports
of finished manufactures in the same
period were $257,907,430. This is at the
rate of over $330,000,000 a year. It will
be seen from the following table cov
ering the eight months ended with Feb
ruary each year that both our imports
of manufacturers' materials and our ex
ports of manufactures have more than
doubled in less than a decade:
Eight months . Imports of Exports
ended with manufacturers' of manu-
February. materials. factures.
J8&4..'. t.. $130,171,760 J123.2SS.257
1605 160.8C3.576 116.823,000
1806 221.875,753 144,062.141
1807 150.533.502 174.180.020
160S 178.611.800 180.600.072
1800 170.050,002 206.S22.334
1000 233,231,318 268.537.072
1001 213,077.923 260.660.030
1002 270,202,714 257.007,430
The moral of these figures Is the bur
den which tariffs on raw or partly
manufactured materials imposes upon
our Industry.
The., trust-promoters think they are
entitled to bouquets for having earned
dividends In the present active state of
the steel and allied Industries. ( This Is
on the basis of full orders and high
prlcea How will it be when the con
ditions change and purchases stop?
Then we may be sure of one thing, and
that is the tremendous strain to which
their enormous capitalization will be
subject. If It survives, it will be a mir
acle. It Is rather reassuring than otherwise
to learn that a "nigger in the woodpile"
is strongly suspected in connection with
the proposed Philippine sliver bill. To
believe otherwise would be to asperse
the cunning of our silvern statesmen,
who have never lost a chance to work
the Government for some underhand
advantage.
Now Nicaragua is inclined to get gay
about canal concessions. It looks as if
we shall have as much trouble 'with
these Latin republics as we have had
with the railroad attorneys sitting In
Congress. Perhaps the loSby and the
boodle have been transferred thither.
The House Republicans will try to
escape the odium of the subsidy bill by
postponing it till after election. This
is presuming upon a low staridard of
popular acumen. They would far bet
ter call It up and vote it down.
THE WHITE MAN'S BORDEN.
When Henry Watterson went to Wash
ington to tho Virginia Society dinner,
he left behind this article for the Courier
Journal, which will show how much of air
anti-imperialist the great Kentucklan is.
The piece Is a fine exhibit of the vision
and spirit that are today bringing the
waste places of the world under effi
cient rule. .The Courier-Journal -says:
"The Government of India, writes Mr.
Meredith Townsend In his latest work.
'Asia and Europe,' Is 'a structure built
on nothing, without foundation. Banish
those 1500 men In black, defeat tho slen
der garrison in red, and tho empire is
ended.'
"But Is it?
"Ee proceeds to say that after the
English have been ovicted 'India will
be reduced to the condition in which we
found her life will again bo raado inter
esting as of old by incessant wars. In
vasions and struggles for personal
ascendency. The railways . . . will bo
torn up, the universities will be scouted
by military rulers, the population will
begin to decrease, and. In short, one
word expresses it all, India will once
more be Asiatic'
"But will it?
"For years the author of those lines
has lived in India and, naturally and
properly, his words have weight in Eng
land. This prophecy, however. Is being
met with skepticism. He cites tho dis
tances from the mother country. His
critics point to the Suez Canal. Ho men
tions the Mutiny of 1S57. They recall that
It failed. And they follow with other Im
portant arguments:
"Now thcro are 23,444 miles of railway
running through India.
"There are telegraph lines to every
corner of tho peninsula.
"Steamers have so Increased In speed
and numbers that the government could
more easily place 200,000 white troops in
India In 1302 than it could 20.000 in 1S57.
"The organization of the empire Is
vastly Improved.
"The English troops would be equip
ped with modern - artillery, while the
natives would not have even the obso
lete guns of the former uprising.
"To these, a writer In the Monthly Re
view adds this forceful paragraph:
Now. even supposing the mother country bad
become so effete as to allow such a catastrophe,
and that the great young nations of Australia
and Canada would look with Indifference on so
deplorable an ending to all the efforts which we
who spend our Uvea In trying to rule India
Justly have made. Is It likely that Russia and
Germany, and France and America would stand
by and see that great market go to ruin from
which they require so much of the necessaries
of civilization? The world In general has need
of what India can produce ... and will in
sist that great rich spaces of the earth's sur
face like India . . . shall be kept under
those conditions which moat conduce to efficient
production.
"Thus Just, as tho saying has it. that
all roads lead to Rome, the modern po
litical argument leads to Markets. In
India's caae. It is her markets that will
keep her under tho beneficent rule of
civilization there are those who will say,
rather, helpless subjection. But In
dolence and ignorance controlled by an
enlightened people must needs be nutured
Into thrift and knowledge and so add to
the world's blessings. Until England
entered this rich field. It might bo said
that India, to paraphrase Goldsmith's
line, was a land
Where men accumulated and wealth decay'd.
"Now, while men may be still accu
mulating, her wealth is traversing all
the seas, and there Is no danger of her
lapsing ever Into anarchy. Let England
loose her grasp which she will hardly
do and there will bo a scramble for In
dia's markets. She lies in the very road
of commercial progress, which Is travel
ing fast In Asia. Every day sees Euro
pean and American influence and trade
spread further over that continent. To
day, out of a total population of 844.000,
000, no less than 344.000.000 are under Euro
pean control, 250,000,000 having been ab
sorbed during the last century. And with
the expansion of this trade will go tho
benefits of education, justice, hygiene
and morality. For God stored the earth
with his riches and made the soil yield
his fruit for the use of the human raco,
and the traffic in these gifts is the surest
bearer of civilization, despite the impu
tations that it Is sordid and base in mo
tive. It Is this traffic this search for
markets that, through the British, will
upbuild South Africa; that, through the
United States, will regenerate Hawaii
and the Philippines; that, through these
and other nations, will scatter the dark
ness in China. It Is this that but re
cently has brought Japan Into the fore
ground as ono of the world's progressive
powers. Its effect Is apparent In China,
for only a few days ago the dispatches
told that the Pekin Court Intended send
ing individual Ministers and Ambassa
dors to countries heretofore slighted.
China wants to Join the fellowship of tho
nations. '
"Whllo markets sometimes may follow
only the cannon-ball, civilization ac
companies tho markets. So It may be
reasoned that India, notwithstanding
pessimistic prophets. Is apt to grow In
civilization day by day for a long while."
A POINTED STATE3IENT.
How Long 3Inst One Vote the Repub
lican Ticket Before He Become
a Republican?
PORTLAND. Arrll 5. (To tho Editor.) I
desire to know for what length of time a man
has to vote the Republican ticket before ha
becomes a Republican. It Is the custom of the
Methodists to receive members upon probation,
and at the end Of six months. If they prove
worthy, they are taken into full membership,
but it seems that this does not apply to the
G. O. P.
I was led to make this Inquiry by hearing a
gentleman, who was a Republican because
his father was one, say that he would not
vote for Mr. 'Furnish for Governor because he
was a Democrat that he preferred to vote for
a Democrat who was running upon a Demo
cratic ticket.
The writer is In the same position, -politically,
as Mr. Furnish. In 1300. with Mr. Fur
nish, I abandoned the Democratic party on
account of Bryan and Bryanism, and ever
since then, have voted the Republican ticket
and worked for the success of the Republican
party.
How much longer will It take me to be a
full-fledsed Republican than it will those who
left the Republican party In 1800 and voted
for Bryan, and are now trying to sneak back
Intp the party 7
And, again. Is It not true that these Demo
crats who first voted the Republican ticket In
1800, and have been voting the same ever
since, did- greater service to the party then,
and are still doing better work for the party
than many of those who have been voting the
ticket from the time of Lincoln, and who now
refuse to support Mr. Furnish by reason of
his recent attachment to the party? C A. C.
Death the Leveler.
James Shirley.
The glories of blood and state
Are shadows, not substantial things;
There Is no armor against fate;
Death lays his Icy hand on kings;
Scepter and crown
Must tumble down.
And In the dust be equal made
With the poor crooked scythe and spade.
Some men with swords may reap the field.
And plant fresh laurels where they kill;
But their strong nerves at last must yield;
They tame but one another still:
Early or late
They stoop to fate.
And must give up their murmuring breath
"When they, pale captives, creep to death.
The garlands wither on your brow;
Then boast no more your mighty deeds;
Upon Death's purple altar now
See where the victor-victim bleeds:
Tour heads must come
To the cold tomb;
Only the actions of the Just
Smell sweet, and blossom in their dust.
VOTING MACHINES IN DEMAND.
St Paul Pioneer Press.
The County Commissioners seem to be
taking hold of the propceltion to intro
duce voting machines In a business-like
way. Though the practicability of these
labor-saving, time-saving and accurate de
vices has long been a matter of general
knowledge, and though their installation
has been urged in the press of the two
cities for several years, this is, bo believe,
the first time any steps have been taken in
this state to take advantage of the law
authorizing their use. They have been
subjected to thorough tests, and there Is
no room for doubt either as to the sim
plicity of their operation, their accuracy or
their great economy. For four years ma
chines have been used In Rochester, a city
of the same size as St. Paul, and for three,
yeare In Buffalo, a city Just twice the
size of St. Paul. During 1901 in New
York State alone machines were in use in
74 towns and cities, and from not one of
them were there any complaints. Massa
chusetts artd Connecticut towns and cities
have also tried voting devices with results
Just as satisfactory, and throughout the
Northern States cities are equipping them
selves. St. Paul will be put in the old
foggy class if it does not join the pro
cession within a year or two.
The virtues of machine-voting we have
often catalogued. Absolute and unim
peachable accuracy in the count, obviat
ing all necessity of contests; promptness
In making known the results, with a con
sequent saving In labor, and tho preven
tion of a voter's spoiling his ballot are
some of tho immediate advantages of au
tomatic ballot machines. The accuracy
of the count of course dep6nds on the
mechanism, but that Is so easily determin
able beforehand by any one skilled in
practical mechanics and has been tested
so many hundreds of times that It may
be taken for granted. As to promptness,
the contrast between the old and new
systems was illustrated in the last Fall
election, when 103 of the 10a precincts In
Buffalo had reported their complete re
turns at the City Hall within 35 minutes
of the dosing of the polls. The result was
known In St. Paul within an hour after
the last ballot was cast.
But tha Important point next to the ac
curacy of the count Is the economy of
the system. Buffalo with 350.000 people
and an area of 40 square miles found only
105 machines sufficient, making it probable
that St. Paul, with 170.000 people and an
area of 55 square miles, could get along
with SO machines and perhaps less. Ma
chines, however, would do away with the
need of three clerks at general elections
and two clerks at city elections at $12 per
clerk. They would also lessen the work
of Judges sufficiently to Justify the reduc
tion of their compensation. Machines,
moreover, wpuld do away with the cost
of printing ballots. In other words, for
a single final election, even If as many as
0 machines were found necessary, the
savins: this Fall would be $9250. and in a
Spring election would be almost JSCOO
making about $17,000 saved In one election
year, not counting what could bo saved
on primary elections or the printing of
ballots and other expenses not covered in
the above calculations. As SO machines
of the type most generally used in 'New
Tork would cost $500 apiece, the machines
would almost pay for thomselves In two
election years. As tho company control
ling these maohines offers to take pay
ments in installments equal to the
amounts saved annually by their use, it
will practically cost nothing to Install
them.
Furthermore, It Is not to be lost eight
of that the city' and county will be put to
great expense in the near future, owing
to the fact that the ballot boxes are fall
ing to pieces with age, and must be re
placed. A voting machine, owing to a 90
day notice clause In tho law, cannot be
officially tested In St. Paul this Spring,
bdt one or more ought to be in place by
the middle of September, to be tested at
the Fall primaries. This, however, presup
poses such prompt action by the new
Council that It is probable that a test
cannot be made until next November. Bo
far as experience goes it would be safe
enough for the city to equip itself with a
score of machines of certain types, pro
vided they are adapted to tho primary
election. It would not do to forego the
advantages of direct primaries. But tho
Pioneer Press Is Informed that most of
the machines can bo arranged to meet
the slightly different requirements of the
primary. The point is raised merely as
one that tho County Commissioners and
the Council should bear in' mind in its
Investigations.
9
SAVINGS BANK'S GROWTH.
There Are Now 6,400,000 Depositors
In These Institutions.
New York Sun.
In the aggregate wealth and the Indi
vidual resources, of the people of the
United States, in) enlarged foreign mar
kets for American goods and aereals,
In building operations, in the extension
of railroad mileage, In bank clearances
and all Items -of commerce, there has
been an enormous Increase In the United
States in the past six years, but in no
other respect perhaps has the country's
growth in wealth been so conspicuously
shown as the increase in the number
of savings bank depositors and of their
aggregate deposits.
Five years ago there were 6,200,000
savings-bank depositors In the United
States; now there are 6,400,000, an in
crease of 1,200,000, or at the rate of
nearly a quarter of a million a year.
Five years ago the amount oir deposit
In tho savings banka of the United
States was $1,940,000,000; It is now $2,640,
000.000. an Increase of $700,000,000 In five
years, or at the rate of $140,000,000 a year.
The State of New York has, of course,
the largest number of savings-bank de
positors, but In comparison with the
total population Massachusetts 13 ahead
of it New York has 2,100,000 deposi
tors; Massachusetts ha3 1.500.000.
Connecticut, a very small state, has
400,000 savings-bank depositors, 50,000
more than Pennsylvania, one of the larg
est and most prosperous of the states,
but ono In which, for some reason, not
much favor is given to this form of In
vestment. Illinois has 260.000 savings-bank deposi
tors and Iowa 203,000. but Indiana has
only 2000 and "Wisconsin only 3CO0.
Among Southern states. South Caro
lina stdnds first in the number of its
savings-bank depositors, the increase
having been very marked since South
Carolina embarked In the line of manu
facture. There are relatively very few
savings-bank depositors In Texas, and an
unusually large number In Maryland for
so small a state. Malno has a very large,
and "West Virginia a very small number,
and New Jersey, with a population of
1,183.000, has more than 200,000 savings
banks depositors.
Talked to Dentlt.
New York Tribune.
The Constitutional Convention In Vir
ginia has lasted so long and listened
to so much oratory that expert diagno
sticians now predict that every practi
cal suggestion Is menaced with the dan
ger of being talked to death. Rhetoric
of the Bryan vintage floods of words
without the Attic salt of common sense
have spoiled counsel often, and over
whelmed tho well considered prefer
ences of the Judicious and the prudent.
Tlie Secret.
George Edward Woodberry.
Nightingales warble about It.
All night under blossom and star;
The wild swan Is dying without it.
And the eagle cryeth afar;
The-sun he doth mount but to find It,
Searching the green earth o'er;
But more doth a man's heart mind It,
Oh, more, more, more!
Over the gray leagues of ocean
The Infinite yearneth alone;
The forests with wandering emotion
The thing they know not Intone;
Creation arose but to see It,
A million lamps in the blue;
But a lover he shall be It
If one sweet maid Is true.
NQTS AND COMMENT,
France Is having an election. Kentucky
would better trush up her laurels.
This much I know cf weather lore,
It 13 always vsry plain.
That the gentle -ule of tho Queen of the May
Is better than April's reign.
It looks as If we should have to pro-
Rvlde board and lodging for royalty until
the panel of. princes is exhausted.
The tumult nnd the shouting dies.
But those who mere excitement seek
"We most respectfully advise
The Democrats convene this week.
Captain Coghlan has been restored to
his lost rank, but he is nqt celebrating
it by singing "Hoch der Kaiser."
How little doth propriety
The brewer base Imbue
"Who handeth us the brown bock beer
Two weeks before It's due.
Miss Stone Is going on the lecture plat
form. Poetic justice would suggest that
the brigands be forced to attend her en
tire series.
The rain Is nat so surely brought
By prayer of any saint
As by the man who foolishly
Essays his house to paint.
After all that was said of Rhodes he
only left a paltry $25,000,000. J. P. Morgan
has to have tha t much as first payment on
a retainer.
Now doth the smiling candidate
Dispense the best of cheer.
And otherwise cause us to wish
That he was always here.
The bunco steerers seem Intent on re
maining until election day. They evident
ly do not want to waste the efforts they
spent in getting registered.
If it were not for Alfred Austin King
j Edward would be looking forward to the
coronation with unmixed pleasure. Still,
Austin is not no bad. He might bo writ
ing historical novels.
A London ps.per the other day received
from a would-be correspondent on tho Con
tinent the following specimen of his work,
entitled "Walker Upon "Water"; "Captain
Otto Grossmann, the eminent inventor of
tho shoes to walk upon the water, de
scendet the Danube from Klosterneuberg
till Vienna. Hj was welcomed by a shout
ing crowd. He proceeded with great calm
and extreme surety and was drawing af
ter him a Httlti boat with inside his wife."
An estimable woman of Milwaukee la
an earnest member of a local German
class, but her method of pronouncing
some of the words, at least in one spe
cific instance, aroused the mirth of her
companions. At a recent meeting of the
class, ono of the questions in the day's
exercise was: "Are you not glad that you
aro able to learn German?" This query
was In tho foreign language, and the
answer was: "Ja; gewiss." meaning,
"Yes, certainly." It so happened that this
particular woman was espied up to read
the question, and answer. She get, through
the question fill right, but convulsed the
class by reading the answer this way:
"Ya; ge whizl"
One day soon after Agulnaldo's capture
and arrival at Manila General MacArthur
decided to go to see him and find if ho
was being rightly treated. At the close
of tho visit the General asked Agulnaldo
If there was anything he would like to
have, whether papers, magazines, ciothes,
cigars or other articles. But the prisoner
shook his head. He said that there was
nothing at all that he wanted.
Just as the General was about to close
the door Agulnaldo's face suddenly bright
ened, and the look In his eyes showed that
he was trying to remember some name.
"What is it?" said General MacArthur.
"There Is Jiwt one thing in the world I,
want." said Agulnaldo, "If you can only
get It for me. I have had It but once In
xay life, and that was at Hong Kong.
They said it was an American thing, and
that all Americans had It. It Is Ice
cream!" he eald with great enthusiasm.
Sold For Three Dollars.
Galveston News.
A story Is told of Goorge, a sable
waiter who used to wait on Governor
Hogg in Beaumont, when he went to
a certain restaurant. Each day at din
ner George would receive from tho Gov
ernor his tip, $1. George reveled In
wealth. He was the envied of all the
other waiters. He was tho happy pos
sessor of a "good thing." One day
when the Governor entered the dining
room a strange darky stood behind his.
chair. "Wheie's George?" asked the
Governor, brusquely. The now waiter
bowed low. "Iso youah waitah now,
sah," he eald softly. "But Where's
George?" again asked the Governor.
Again his new retainer assured him:
"Iae youah waitah now." The Governor
looked up from his paper sharply. He
was somewhat mystified, and with in
creasing emphasis demanded to know
where Georgo was, anyhow. "Well, you
see, sah," began :.the mewcomer with
some hesitation, "'Gawge and I was out
las night playing craps. Gawge went
broke; I won his pile. Then" here .his
voice dropped lower and his manner con
fidential "he put you up agin $3 and I
won. So Ise youah waitah."
i
Some Thincs "Worse Than War.
Boston Herald.
That there are some things wor9& than
war is further demonstrated by Mr.
Moody's remark that wo have, saved In a
single year in Cuba more lives from death
by pestilence than were lost on both sides
In the conflict with Spain. A rather strik
ing fact. that.
PEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
Uncle William Yes. Willie; I hava had my
nose to the grindstone all my life. Winie Is
that what made It so red, uncle? Philadelphia
Kecord.
Fond Mother (to teacher) Don't you thlnlc
my boy is bound to make his mark? Teacher
I am afraid so. It seems impossible for him
to learn to write. Tit-Bits.
At the Histcrlcal-Novet Flay. He I sup
pose, before seeing one of these play, oaa
should read th book. She Tes. Then, la
some cases, one might avoid the play. Puck.
Near When Needed. "That was an Ideal
cours the Automobile Club selected for Its
race.' "Think 10?" "Tes; there was a black
emlth shop and a pharmacy every halt mile."
Chicago Dally News.
Too Democratic "They've given up the Au
thors Club." "Why?" "Everybody who had
written a historical novel was eligible, 'and
they found it wasn't going to be exclusive
enough." Detroit Free Press.
Instructor In what respect did the four
teenth and nineteenth centuries resemble each
other? De Grees The nineteenth century re
sembled the fourteenth In that both Were 100
years long. Harvard Lampoon.
No Real Danger. Clara Bob Preston has
proposed to me. and I really don't know how
to refuse him. I hate. to break the poor boy's
heart. Amy Oh, don't worry about that. I
refused him twice last week, and he seems to
be getting along. Chicago Record-Herald.
Smlthson (the celebrated poet, novelist, play
wright, etc.) B at. my dear young lady, I real
ly don't understand you. I haven't been wln
nirg any ping-jtong tournament. I don't play.
Miss Brown Oh, but surely I heard our host
ess say you were the Mr. Smlthson. Punch.
Impossible. "Of all the clumsy brutes,"
cried Mrs. Pettloh. at the crowded reception,
"that man's the worst." " 'Sht" said her hus
band, "that's a detective." "I don't care. Ho
stepped on my trail and" "Nonsense! He
never got on anybody's trail In his life."
Philadelphia Press.