Morning Oregonian., January 01, 1902, THIRD SECTION, Page 41, Image 41

THE JIOKNIN'G OEEGOXIAN- WEDXESD'AY, 'JANUABY 1". 1902.
'41 .
ON LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER.
Clatsop and Columbia Counties Rich in Natural Resources
of Great Value Giant Forests of Merchantable Timber.
c
IATSOP and Columbia Counties oc
cupy the northwestern corner of
Oregon, and form the Lower Colum
bia group, as distinguished from the Coast
group, to which Clatsop is contiguous,
and the Willamette Valley group, to
which Columbia Is contiguous. Both are
susceptible of large development and the
future has much in store for them. Both
are rich In timber resources of known
extent and in coal measures the extent of
which is unknown because of lack of de
velopment. CLRTSOP COUNTY.
Vast Bodies of Hcrckaatable Timber
Trlbntary to Astoria.
Probably no other section of the state
offers so great a diversity of inducements
to prospective settlers or to capitalists
seeking profitable investments for their
wealth as does Clatsop County. The lat
ent resources of the district are enor
mous, and when developed will prove vast
'sources of wealth to the ones who take
advantage of them. Possessing thousands
of acres of fertile lands, vast forests of
the most valuable timbers native to the
Northw est, large fields of the best steam
ing and coking coal, extensive deposits
of the finest potter's clay, and, located as
it is, on the shores of the Columbia Riv
er and the Pacific Ocean, its opportunities
for farming, stockralslng, brick and pottery-making,
lumbering in all its various
departments, shipbuilding and fresh-water
and deep-sea fishing are unsurpassed.
The principal farming districts of the
county are on the Clatsop Plains and
along the vallejs of the Lewis and Clark
and Young's Rivers, extending south to
the Nehalem Valley. The Clatsop Plains
extend from the Columbia River to the
Necanicum, a distance of about 20 miles,
wjth an average width of two miles. The
soil Is a sandy loam, producing grass,
oats and vegetables. It is conceded by
experts that this soil is especially adapted
for raising sugar beets. Between the
plains and the foothills is a vast expanse
of peat marshes, upon which wild cran
berries grow in profusion and, when cul
tivated, will ield a profitable crop of
those delicious berries, for which there is
always a ready market. The river and
creek bottoms and the tldelands are com
posed ot the richest soils, and are capa
ble of growing cereals, vegetables and
hay, and are especially adapted for stock
raising. Hopgrowlng Is also becoming an
Important industry In the Nehalem Valley,
and some extensive fields are now in cul
tivation, yielding a handEome yearly
profit to their owners.
Importance of the Salmon Industry.
The principal Industry of the county.
and the one on which the people have de
pended for the most part as a means of
gaining a livelihood, is salmon-packing.
Thousands of persons are given employ
ment each season In these fisheries, and it
is estimated that during the past jear
$1,200,000 was paid the gillnetters, seiners
and trappers for their catches, besides the
many thousands expended for preparing
the fish for the market and in manufac
turing the cans and barrels In which
they are packed. The outlook for this
Industry Is much more promising than It
has been for several years past. Artific
ial propagation, so long an experiment,
has been proven a success, Insuring an In
creasing run of salmon each year, and be
fore another season opens there will be
at least three new canneries and four new
cold-storage plants erected, and several
of those now in operation will materially
increase their capacity.
Among the other varieties of food fishes
are shad, herring, sardines and smelt.
These are to be found in great abundance
in the waters of the Columbia River and
the other streams of the county during
certain seasons of the year, and while
large quantities of them have been caught
and shipped fresh to the markets each
season for many ears, steps are now be
ing taken for tho first time to can and
smoke them. Conservative men assert
that when this Industry is fully developed
its returns will amount to many thou
sands of dollars annually. Deep-sea fish
ing from this port is as yet practically
untouched. An endless variety of edible
salt-water fish swarm tho waters of the
Pacific Ocean within a short distance or
the mouth of the Columbia River, and
with the excellent cold-storage facilities
now available at Astoria, afford an ex
ceptional opportunity for a lucrative In
vestment to persons having the capital
and energy to engage in It.
It has long been known that there were
largo deposits of coal underlying the vir
gin forests of the county, but it Is only
within the past few monthB that any or
ganized movement has been made to open
them and develop them. The most ex
tensive of these coal fields yet discovered
are the Kinney mines, near the mouth of
the Nehalem River, and the veins owrieU
by the Knapp Coal Company and located
a short distance from Knappa. The for
mer fields have been acquired by the Ne
halem Coal Company, and a large force
of men is now at work uncovering the
veins and constructing a tramway for
transporting the jutput to tidewater. An
, excellent quality" of fuel has been found
there, assaying much better than the Brit
ish Columbia product, and it is in quan
tities sufficiently large to mine advan
tageously. The owners of the mines as
sert that they will bo able to sell the coal
In Astoria at not to exceed $3 per ton,
thus solving the all-Important question
of a cheap fuel for manufacturing and
steamship purposes. The work on the
Knappa fields Is not so far advanced, but
the indications warrant the belief that
veins of paying proportions will be un
earthed. In the vicinity of the Lewis and Clark
River are extensive deposits of a fine
quality of potter's clay. These are as
et untouched except that some has been
shipped to Portland and there manufac
tured Into articles for the market. The
quantity is almost unlimited, 'and furnish
es a chance seldom encountered for a fac
tory to make sewer-plpe and all classes
of pottery.
Vast Forests of Timber.
Next in point of Importance to the sal
mon fisheries, and which are capable of
even far greater development, are the
vast timber resources of Clatsop County
and the country tributary to Astoria ad
jacent to the mouth of the river. Astoria
as a possible lumber exporting point is
without a rival on the Pacific Coast, et
hitherto no account has been made of it
in lumber circles. The industry has been
smothered by peculiar conditions that
have placed this district at a disadvan
tage with other lumbering points on the
Coast. One of the chief drawbacks was
lack of railway connections and common
point rates on lumber to the Interior mar
kets. Another was supposed to be its lack
of a relatively large local market for its
second-class lumber. The first of these
barriers has been removed, as the trans
portation companies have recently ex
tended to the Lower Columbia River dis
trict equal rates on lumber to all points
north, east and south of Pocatello, Idaho.
At present there are but four sawmills
in Clatsop County. They are the plants
owned by the Clatsop Mill Company and
the Astoria Box Company, in Astoria; tae
Necanicum Spruce Lumber Company, at
Seaside, and the Warrenton Lumber Com
pany, on the Skipanon, but others are ex
pected to be started In the Immediate fu
ture. The total cut for the year will ag
gregate about 50,000,000 feet. There are
four big distinct sources of lumber tribu
tary to Astoria. The first and most con
venient of these is that which has an out
-
let in Young's Bay, down the Lewis and
Clark, Young's, Claskanlne and "Walluskl
Rivers, all of which rise to the southeast
of Astoria some SO or 40 miles distant, in
the Nehalem or Crescent Range of moun
tains. For many years the local mills
have drawn their supplies chiefly from
theSo forests. The result is that much of
the good timber has been logged, and It is
necessary -to go higher up near the
This is one of the
by the Portland Hotel
run, by H. C. Bowers,
sources and far back to the summits of
tho divides between them in order to find
ample timber. Still there is yet a vast
quantity of Oregon pine and much apruce
to be found In those great forests, to say
nothing of the hemlock which Is very
abundant, especially on the Lewis and
Clark, and" cedar, which is well scattered.
Location of the Timber Belts.
The next most accessible body of timber
is that found on the Oregon slopes of the
Columbia aboe Tongue Point, and which
finds an outlet down the numerous small
streams that empty Into the Columbia at
that point. Much of this, lying within a
few miles of the river, has also been
logged, principally for the Portland mar
ket. But on the higher slopes, for 15 miles
back to the summit of the Nehalem di
vide, crowning the northern extremity or
the Coast Bange, Oregon pine is much in
evidence.
The third accessible great source of tim
ber supply is known as tho Necanicum
spruce belt. The Necanicum River, with
two branches, is some 23 miles long, and
ita watershed is on an average, perhaps,
10 miles wide. It flows into the ocean near
Tillamook head and taps the Astoria &
Columbia River Railroad at Seaside. It
is the most westerly of he little rivers
heading In Saddle Mountain and, being
nearest the ocean, its forests are chiefly
spruce, with hemlock a good second. The
spruce belt, it may be remarked, is with
in 12 miles of the seacoast. As a conse
quence of this scientific fact, the Lewis
and Clark Basin has much spruce in it,
while only in the lower part of Young's
River Basin is any spruce to be found.
So, too, the other regions and timber ba
sins on the Lower Columbia farther than
12 miles from the seacoast have none, or,
at least, very little spruce. The Necani
cum region will average about 8,030,000
feet of spruce to the section.
The next great timber belt within Asto
ria's reach Is the basin of the Nehalem
River. That river Is about 150 miles long.
with a watershed averaging some 25 mi:ea
in width. It rises in tho eastern slopes
of the Coast Range, northwest of Forest
Grove, makes a big bend to the eastward,
and, turning west, cuts through the Coast
Range In Clatsop County and empties Into
the ocean below Tillamook head. AH this
timber, which consists of the largest and
best Oregon pine, spruce, larrh and cedar,
is tributary to mills located at the mouth
of the Columbia River. An extension of
the Astoria & Columbia 'River Railroad,
now being agitated, down the coast to
Tillamook, would tap all of this immense
belt of timber. These vast forests, con
taining billions of feet of fine merchant-
able timber, are within the confines ot
Clatsop County, easily accessible from the
Columbia River, and offer opportunities
for the establishment of large 'mills un
equaled in the Northwest.
Astoria. I. J. KERN.
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
OHtcroppins; of Coal and Iron Foand
in Several Sections.
Sixteen miles below Portland the Colum
bia River, flowing north, becomes the
eastern boundary of Columbia County,
and in Its course to the sea washes Ita
shore for nearly 60 miles. Before passing
beyond the county the river turns wet,
having made a quarter circle. From the
center of the county the distance to the
river at any place east or north would
vary but little from 14 miles.
The bottom lands are not extensive, but
are valuable for hay and pastures. ' The
grasses remain green most of the year.
Part of the bottom lands are overflowed
every Juno rise; and the higher places
only once in five or 20 years. Overflowed
lands are fertilized by the limited coat of
silt deposited during the flood.
Stockraising and dairying Interests are
well represented on Sauvle's Island, Deer
Island and Scappoose Bay pastures.
Columbia County may, in a general way,
be called "hilly." Bunker Hill, 13 miles
west from St, Helens. Is probably 1800
feet above tidewater. Most of tho larger
streams within the county rise or take
their source In that Iclnlty. All these
streams are pure living waters, do not
dry up, but contain trout at all seasons.
Of the creeks, Scappoose, Milton, Tide,
Goble, Beaver and Clatskanle are the
largest that flow into Columbia River.
The Nehalem River, the east fork of
which rises- near Bunker Hill, empties
Into the ocean. Most, If not all, of these
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streams are utilized for floating the prod
ucts of the forest to tidewater. These
creeks make a deep cut into the back
country and will make it possible for a
majority of the settlers to send to mar
ket much of the forest In the shape of
sawlogs, piling, cordwood, fence posts,
that would otherwise be of little value for
many years to come.' They will hasten
the day of home-building.
Giant Forests of Cedar and Fir.
The wealth of Columbia County Is In
Its forests of fir and cedar. Probably
more than 60 per cent of the land Is still
covered by valuable living trees. They
owe their size, excellence and profusion
to the copious rains and mild climate,
tempered by the ocean winds. Large liv
ing springs of purest cold water flow out
of the hillsides in many places.
The forest is being marketed rapidly,
but not too fast. It is our principal crop,
standing ready for the woodman's ax
at all thnes and seasons. Probably tho
great hotels of the United States. It is owned
Company (local capital). The hotel is most ably
Manager.
land is being denuded of its merchantable
timber at a rate that would clear a strip
along the Columbia nearly half a mile
wide and CO miles long each yoar, say
J0.000 to 20,000 acres per annum. After tho
axmen have gone over the ground It would
still be called a forest by Eastern, men
unaccustomed to our giant forest trees,
the products of which only Is sent to mar
ket. Before the land can bo brought un
der thorough cultivation many very large
stumps remain to be disposed of. The
ground is still covered with fallen timber,
too much decayed to be utilized. Thick
underbrush la In evidence eerywhere.
These difficulties seem to deter any but
the most energetic and industrious pettlers
from acquiring and improving farming
lands and making Independent homes
thereon.
As I remember tho early settlements on
tho timber lands in tho Middle States,
"log-rollings" were a necessary feature
In clearing tho land and destrojlng tho
timber, for there was absolutely no mar
ket for It, The able-bodied settlers, by
Invitation, would assemble at one man's
clearing and then another's, until enough
ground was cleared, making it possible
to support a family in the modest, eco-
nomlc way then only possible. The most
comfortable families in those early days,
and who became the well-to-do landown
ers, lived mean and shabby, compared
with tho poor settlers in Columbia Coun
ty today. It would be interesting if the
comparison could be made in 50 or 60
years from this time. Tho donkey en
gine is more suited to Oregon forests.
We" have with us farmers well-to-do,
who, by their own labor, have cut down
tho trees, taken out the stumps, cleared
the land, and have their reward In ex
cellent apples, pears, prunes and most all
the temperate zone fruits except peaches,
wheat, oats, barley and most of the
grains, except that corn does not mature
in all years, and can be depended upon
only for table use and the silo; potatoes
onions, cabbage, turnips, carrots and
most vegetables, except sweet potatoes.
This section of Oregon is the home of
the red and white clover, but is not
.suited for alfalfa. Timothy, redtop, blue
grass, orchard grass and. In fict, most
temperate zone grasses thrive ery welL
This means the successful production of
horses, cattle, sheep, hogs and iioultry-
The upland soil is mostly a stiff yel
low or brown clay. Is very strong, and
absorbs and retains fertilizers- veil. It
has been the rule. In subduing the
forest, to, If possible, get a "good
burn" over the elearlne. The bimUncr is
done in Jhe dryest season of the year, '
not only burning off all the wood, trash j
and underbrush, but all the humua and j
mold that has accumulated In scores of
years. It Is a mystery how "any lund i
could be so treated without destroying
the soil for purposes of agriculture. No
cheap practical way of disposing of the
stumps, etc., has so far come Into general
use.
Settlers hero do not seem to recognize
the advantages that may come from
many Informal meetings of farmers, where
free interchange of opinions and personal ,
experiences couldJbo made for the gen- J
eral information of all; of the beet and
cheapest mode of bringing tho land un- j
der cultivation; of what to raise and how j
to raise It, Except on the islands, It will .
be a county of small farmers. The "lay
of the land" will govern this question,
Land may be held in large tracts, while
covered with timber, but will never be
farmed except by men with small hold
ings, for the principal reason that farm
ing T)y machinery" and hired labor requires
a comparatively level country to operate
upon.
Trees Are the Beat Crop.
Our fir forest trees, having arrived at
maturity, or, as one may say, "become
ripe," do not stand forever and a day;
but slowly succumb to a dead rot, called
"punkey." Then they are in good con
dition to invite and feed the extensive
forest fires that at long Intervals devas-
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6 traction of these old trees in vast con-
flagratlons was probably a benefit rather
than a calamity. Several fires separated
by Intervals of years would in succession
gradually complete the destruction of the
old dead timber. "When they were so
thoroughly burned as to be no more fuel
for conflagrations, a new growth would
spring up and shade the ground to an ex
tent that would defy conflagration.
In the still older "burns" the timber
is of the size known as "piling," say IS
Inches to 24 Inches in diameter. When
the trec3 average, say, 30 to 40 Inches in
diameter the fact of there ever having
been a destructive" conflagration is not
much. If any, in evidence. And so on in
streaks, grade after grade In size, until
the old trees appear again; or, in fact,
forest trees of any age, as there is no
regularity In the streaks of trees of dif
ferent periods of growth. Is it not quite
probable that the old forest, left to slow
decay. woulQ be a breeding place for de
structive Insects to such an extent that
no forest could resist their attack? Our
young and middle-aged firs are, as a
rule, sound and healthy, and only under
extremely favorable conditions would fire
run through such timber, If at all.
The forest Is the best crop that will
ever come off the land. But it la only
ono crop in a lifetime. The preparing of
it for market gives employment to a large
force of "men. Many of the settlers of
modest -means obtain work much, of the
year, and at good wages, in the logging
and wood camps. Lands within a few
miles of the Columbia River, from which
the timber has been taken off, sell in
small tracts at 5S to 510 per acre. Many
families prefer theso small tracts near
r-choolhouses to much larger holdings In
the backwoods. So far the "burns" have
not received much attention.
Coal and Iron Outcronplnj?s.
Lignite coal crops out la many places in
the county. The developments go to show
a large area of coal measures, and that
Is about all that Is known about It, Pros
pecting In a more intelligent and sys
tematic manner Is promised In the near
future. If an average vein of good com
mercial coal should be found, the lands
of the county will advance materially and
rapidly. Most of the veins, perhaps all
of them, dip into the hill, no matter
where found; that is, In following a vein
the coal formations. Important develop
ments are quite probable in the not ery
remote future.
Like most localities showing coal, we
j also find many outcroppings of Iron ore at
a number of places west of St. Helens
and south from Rainier. Probably care
ful examinations will show Iron oro to
, exist In many places yet unknown
This is still a new country after tho
Columbia River is left a few miles be-
vwsw ; Vr f V Hv,MfW - 8g &-'' pm
THEIR LARGE ESTABLISHMENT OX EAST MORRISON STREET, PORTLAND.
On January 1, 1301, the Pacific Northwest business of the Studebaker Bros.Company was Incorporated under the name of Studebakcr Bros. Company North
west The capitalization of this corporaUon Is 5400,000. The company's headquarters for tho entire business of the Pacific Northwest today are located at Port
land. The president of, the corporation is Frederick S. Fish; E. M. Brannick 13 vice-president, treasurer and general manager. The Important office of
secretary and cashier, occupied In a most able manner by the late Edwin R. Kimble, is at present vacant.
This company began business at Nos. 320-32S East Morrison street, on Juno 1, 1S32. By the Spring of the following year It had Its building In shape for
handling, in an expeditious manner, tho large trade which the Studebaker Bros. Company already controlled in the States of Oregon, "Washington and Idaho.
Since 1E93 the business of tho Portland branch of this house has steadily Increased. Mr. Brannick, the manager and local representative of the Studebaker
Bros. Company Northwest has always had great faith in Portland, and In its supremacy in this field as a commercial and financial metropolis ot all of the
Pacific Northwest.
Studebaker Bros. Company Northwest has now in process of erection a magnificent new four-story building adjoining the store of the present building that
the company occupies. It Is the intention of tho local management to have the new building ready for occupancy by April 1 next. This building will have 100
feet frpntage on East Morrison street, and will be 200, feet in depth. It will contain approximately 100,000 square feet of floor space.
The Studebaker Bros. Company Northwest today from its Portland establishment handles a business whicn reaches to all parts of Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, Montana, Alaska and the British Northwest to the Arctic circle. It has agencies In all the principal cities of the abeve territory. It carries constantly
In stock here one of the finest assortments of vehicles. Including the best types of buggies, carriages, etc.. and the highest grades of farm wagons manufac
tured anywhere. When its new building is completed, this company will qarry In Portland a stock of buggies and vehicles of" all kinds that will compare very
favorably with larger stocks in this line carried today by any of the largest houses in the representative populous centers of the Eastern States.
I
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hind. It is hard to find another new
country with so many natural advantages
yet unclaimed as may be found here.
"What the Immigrant expects to find and
what he does find will be In wide con
trast here, as It Is everywhere. Immi
grants by rail are not so well qualified
to tackle the changed order of things as
were those who tolled over desert ana
mountain with wagon and footsore ox
teams. Then little was expected, and
much was found; now too tnuch is expect
ed and not so much to be found. The
by tunneling, the flow of water would be
into tho hill Instead of out of It. It Is
expected that artesian machinery will
soon bore down several hundred feet into
first man who came to the county had
choice of everything; the second man's
chances were reduced by any and all ap
propriated and claimed by the first comer.
Tho opportunities of Incoming Immigrants
will be reduced by all that has been ap
propriated by the 6000 who are here in
this county. The same conditions exist
in all countries to which people are emi
grating. "Go West and grow up with the
country" a a saying that is worthy ot
much consideration.
We have several small towns or vil
lages In the county, none of which can
count 600 Inhabitants. Most of them are
on or near the great and beautiful Co
lumbia, that grandest of American rivers.
Ships from the principal ports of the
world arc in daily evidence, going up the
river or returning to the sea.
Our schools would do great credit to
many of the older communities east of the
Rockies.
In a general way this may be called a
healthy country. No particular diseases
are prevalent. Our communities average
fairly prosperous, and a few live with
out any visible means, as is not infre
quently the case in all new countries.
I constructed an Icehouse some 12 or
13 years ago, and fill it any season that
ice freezes over two and a half Inches
thick. Five inches Is the thickest ice yet
obtained, and that only on the most shad,
ed ponds. Seven, sears of this time no
Ice was frozen to the required thickness,
so the Icehouse could not bo filled.
W. H. DOLMAN.
St, Helens.
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STUDEBAKER BROS. COMPANY NORTHWEST.
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Members Chicago Board of Trade
San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange
San Francisco Produce Exchange.
Bolton,
de Ruyter
& Co.
Hos. 8 and 9 Chamber of Commerce,
Portland, Oregon
433 California St., San Francisco, Cal.
GRAIN, PROVISIONS, COTTON
STOCKS AND BONDS
WE DO A STRICTLY COMMISSION BUSINESS.
POSTIXXJOUS MARKETS BY PRIVATE WIRE,
aCICKl SERVICE.
Telephone Oregon Main 313; Columbia. 7SL
BBFERENCES First National Bank and United States National
Bank, of Portland; Crocker-TVoolworth National Bank and Bank
of California, of Ban. Francisco.
--
-- M t.M M M M t M M M
Columbia
Engineering Works
Will soon occupy new and
commodious quarters at
NINTH AND JOHNSON STREETS.
BUILDERS
I Steel Logging,
Marine
AND
Saw Mill
COLUMBIA ENGINEERING WORKS, PORTLAND, OR. I
?
Successors to
R.W.HCKINN0N&C0.
'V r
M M C M H M M M. .
It
OF ALL
Hoisting and i!
Engines
Machinery
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