Morning Oregonian., August 13, 1901, Page 6, Image 6

THE MORNING OREGONIAN; TUESDAY, AUGUST 13;. lOOt
he reeomcm
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PORTLAND, TUESDAY, AUGUST 18.
TARIFF REVISION" A LIVE ISSUE.
The announcement that Senator
ETauna does not anticipate any tariff
reform at the next meeting o Congress
Is not surprising. Men of the Hanna
type are always optimistic; they never
"borrow trouble" until they have trou
ble to "lend" or to "burn." Tariff re
vision would, however, seem to be in
the air within earshot of Senator
Hanna. The Duluth Chamber of Com
merce recently declared for free trade
with Canada. If It be said that this ac
tion of Duluth is hardly symptomatic of
a radical change of public opinion In
this country, because Duluth is geo
graphically ln a position to profit by
freer trade relations, it is not difficult
to answer this explanation by pointing
out other evidences that the present
agitation for tariff revision has come
to stay. Congressman Babcock does
not lack support among his "Wisconsin
constituents for his views regarding
m tariff revision, for a. leading Republican
weekly newspaper, the Southwest "Wis
consin, prints a letter from Mr. Bab
cock, who is now'in Austria, setting
forth, the ..Congressman's determination
to ireS Jlfi bill reducing the tariff on
trUt-m4e goods that are produced
mort cbtM&ly in the United States than
ay othrs country. "When Mr. Babqock
proceeds next Winter to keep this prom
ise, there will be a tariff debate lively
enough and loud enough to reach both
of Senator Hanna' s umbrageous ears.
The demand of Mr. Babcock In the
interest of American consumers for a
revision of the present high protection
ist tariff is a perfectly natural one to
come from a Republican Congressman
who represents an agricultural commu
nity in a leading "Western State. For
the laBt twenty-five years the tariff
controversy has made it difficult for the
manufacturers of the Bast to keep the
peace within the Republican party with
the great agricultural interest of the old
Republican states of the Middle "West.
In the elections of 1890 and 1892 the en
tire NorthweBt went over to the low
tariff ideas of the Democratic party.
Wisconsin, one of the strongest Repub
lican states, was captured by the De
mocracy in those days of tariff con
troversy. The reversal of this verdict
in 1894-96 was not due to a return to
the faith of protection; it was due to
the panic of 1893, for which the lower
tariff movement was not responsible. In
1896 in "Wisconsin the controlling Issue
with its very large German popula
tion was not the tariff, but the free
coinage of sliver.
The Republican farmers were as
sured that high protection would finally
produce a condition of affairs irr which
American manufacturers would no
longer need protection from the capital
or the labor of Europe; that American
manufacturers would hold their'own by
the cheapness of their production, and
would then be prepared to invade the
markets of' the world. The "Western
farmer was also told that protection
could not promote monopoly, because
the competition for the home market
would prevent the consolidation of in
dustries under the control of the few.
This is the point set forth in Congress
man Babcock's recent letter from Aus
tria when he says that by the practice
of Republican policy we are today not
only making all that we consume of
many corrimodities, but? are also able to
manufacture some for less than any
other people. Some articles of which
years ago we Imported nearly all we
consumed we can today produce and
undersell the world. Having thus
reached the promised goal of our hopes
in certain lines of industry, Mr. Bab
cock answers the query "What next?"
as follows:
Shall we continue a tariff on articles that
yield no revenue, need no protection, and that,
la fact, like the products of our farms, arc
articles ot export? How can such a policy be
defended? If Congress maintains a tariff
on such articles the whole theory of protection
falls to the ground and it simply Inures to the
benefit of those who may secure the control
of any such commodity, since by its aid they
can fix exorbitant prices in the domestic mar
ket. I maintain that It is a part of the
polity of protection to protect the consumers.
The editor of the Southwest Wiscon
ln sustains Mr. Babcock's views, and
agrees with him that the Western Re
publicans originally accepted high pro
tection with the understanding th.at it
"was for the benefit of the home con
sumer as well as the manufacturer, but
a that this hope and expectation has not
been fulfilled, since through the perpet
uation of high protection the Republi
can party is rapidly becoming an "or
ganization in the Interest of the million
aires of the East, who would forge our
gifts Into chains that would bind us."
It is clear that without Bome very im
portant concessions to what Is called
"Babcockism" to the end of radical re
vision of the tariff are made at the first
opportunity, it will be no longer possi
ble for the Republican party success'
fully, to maintain its present political
alliance between the manufacturing
Eaat and the agricultural Northwest,,
whose votes are voiced by this editor of
the Southwest "Wisconsin when he vig
orously denounces tariff protected
trusts, whose goods "yield no revenue,
need no protection, and are articles of
export" throughout the world. Brother
Hanna Is likely td hear something 'quite
audible concerning tariff revision and
reform. President McKinley 'has not
yet actually come forward to the altar,
but he has asked for the prayers of
the Babcock congregation.
PUBLIC DEBTS.
A great public debt, says Ruskln, af
fords a means1 through which persons
who command money and wish to get
an Income from It through taxation of
the people are enabled to gratify that
desire. A public debt Is the most secure
of all Investments. All property and all
labor are pledged to pay It, principal
and interest. In other forms of invest
ment there are risks. Here there is
none, or rarely any. With us, the
bonds of a growing and progressive city
are about as good as National bonds.
But every bond that a city Issues Is a
mortgage on the property and labor of
Its people.
These are commonplaces; but obvious
truths as they are, little attention is
paid to them. The man who possesses
property often thinks to give It In
creased value through the public im
provements for which he permits the
city to bond It. The man who has no
property subject to taxation usually
says to himself that he will in no way
be affected by the debt; so he favors
it, too. But the man who lives by his
labor, yet has no taxable property, is
affected by the debt, nevertheless. The
debt must be carried and paid, and
his labor must help to carry It and
to pay it.
Yet unquestionably there are objects
for which public debts may properljs- be
Incurred. Some things are too neces
sary to admit dispute. But every com
munity ought to be wise enough, to
know how far to go and where to stop.
As a nation. France has yielded to
the debt-making propensity to an ex
tent never known elsewhere. And the
greater part of her debt has grown up
from her desire on the one hand to
create "public utilities," and on the
other from the notion that It was the
duty of the state to keep the people
employed. Her wars, expensive as they
have been, yet are not the chief
sources of the debt of France. The
First Napoleon left France virtually
without tlebt. The total was less than
3250,000,000. The debt now exceeds
$6,000,000,000, of which perhaps one-third
is chargeable to the war with Ger
many and to the indemnity paid. Three
years ago the debt of Great Britain
was less than one-half that of France,
but it has been considerably augmented
since, by the South African War.
Italy's debt of $2,600,000,000, though less
per caput than that of France, Is per
haps more burdensome. The Bankers'
Monthly figures, however,, that Aus
tralia carries the heaviest load of any
country, the per caput average of her
debt being $263 90, to meet which there
Is an annual charge of $10 14. France
Is second, with an indebtedness of
$150 60 per capita and an annual charge
of $6 29; Paraguay's figures are $143 80
and $i 62; Argentina, $129 and $6 80;
Spain, $95 50 and $4' 46; Netherlands,
$90 70 and $2 70; Italy, $81 10 and $3 58;
Belgium, $75 60 and $2 93; United King
dom, $75 and $2 75; Canada, $50 60 and
$2 55, and the United States $14 52 and
44 cents.
But the proportion of the National
debt is far exceeded by debts of many
of our cities. However, in most cases
there is a good deal, In the form of mu
nicipal property, or public Improve
ments, to show for municipal debts,
while the National debt, for the larger
part, represents sovereignty and glory.
THE NEGRO AS A FIGHTING MA
CHINE. The recent appointment of three col
ored men as officers of the enlarged reg
ular Army nas called public attention
to the negro as a soldier: The Army
examining boards found two colored
men qualified for promotion from, the
ranks, recommended them for advance
ment, and they were appointed by the
President, as he was bound In fairness
to .do. These colored men fairly earned
their promotion by brave work before
Santiago and in the Philippines. Hith
erto such colored officers as have been
in the Army were Lieutenants in negro
regiments, and therefore the subordi
nates of nearly all the white officers
and unlikely to exercise command over
them. But now that the one colored
officer who has been In the Army of
recent years has risen to be a very effi
cient Captain of Cavalry, and a colored
man has been appointed a Major in the
Pay Department, the negro would seem
to have come Into the permanent Army
to stay, unless the difficulty of adjust
ing the relations of whiter and negro
officers within the same garrison with
out injury to discipline or injustice
should be found insuperable.
Captain R. L. Bullard, a regular
Army officer, a native of Alabama and
a graduate of West Point, who com
manded an Alabama regiment of ne
groes during the Spanish-American
War, has nothing but praise for the
negro as a soldier who is distinguished
for excellence In drill, pride In the ser
vice, passionate devotion to just offi-
cers, contentedness, cheerful endurance '
and unflinching courage in battle, even
when their white officers were shot
down, as they were at Santiago. Colo
nel Bullard, as a Southern man, born
and bred, knows the strength and the
weakness of the negro character, and
physical courage and endurarice in a
fair fight have never been attributed to
the negro by a Southern man. Not a
few Confederate officers were followed,
to the field by slaves who had been
their body servants, and Henry Grady
once related that his father's body ser
vant followed his master Into the thick
of battle until Colonel Grady received
hs death wound.
As early as December, 1863, Major
General Patrick R. Cleburne, who com
manded a division in Hardee's Corps of
the Confederate Army of the Tennessee,
prepared a paper in which the employ
ment of the slaves as soldiers for the
South was vigorously advocated. Gen
eral Joseph E. Johnston and "General
Hardee were favorably disposed, but
General Johnston refused to forward It
to the War Department on the ground
that In tenor It was more political than
military. Sent thrqugh another chan
nel to Jefferson Davis, he Indorsed It
with the statement, "I deem it inexpe
dient at this time to give publicity to
this paper, and request that It be sup
pressed." The project of General Cle
burne included the following proposi
tion: That we retain in service for the war all
troops now in service, and that we Immediate
ly commence training a large reserve ot tho
most courageous of our slaves; and, further.
that wo guarantee freedom within a reason
able time to every slave In the South who
shall remain true to the Confederacy in this
war.
General Cleburne argued that by so
proceeding the South would take from
the negra Army of the North the only
motive It could have to fight agdinst
the South, and enable the South to
have armies numerically superior to
those of the North. General Cleburne
had been greatly Impressed by the
valor and military aptitude of the
Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment
(colored), under Colonel Shaw, at Fort
Wagner, S. C, In the preceding July,
and he concluded his remarkable paper
Jjy saying that "If they can be made
to .face and fight bravely against their
former masters, how much more proba
ble Is It that with the allurement of
a higher reward, and led by those mas
ters, they would submit to discipline
and face dangers?"
Xiate In 1864 a bill was introduced In
the Confederate Congress which em
bodied some features of General Cle
burne's plan. It was bitterly opposed,
but It was, understood to be favored
by General Lee, and finally It was
passed with a provision "that nothing
in this act shall be 'construed to au
thorize a change In the relation of said
slaves," which, of course, emasculated
It of all effectiveness. President Davis,
in his messagje 6t December, 1864, urged
that the arming of the slaves be au
thorized. It was too late then, for the
Confederacy was already lost beyond
recovery, but had General Cleburne's
plan 'been adopted in December, 1863,
before the advance of Sherman tq At
lanta and Grant to Petersburg, it might
have changed the whole course of
events. There were over 186,000 colored
troops enlisted for the Union Army, and
the South, with the pledge of freedom,
could have easily recruited double that
number, for, as a rule, the slave pop
ulation were attached to their masters.
In all this debate no doubt was ex
pressed concerning the physical cour
age" and fitness of the negro for the
work of a soldier. General Cleburne
was a veteran of the British Army, and
knew that the blacks under white offi
cers had made excellent soldiers in
West Africa, In Cape Colony and
Egypt. The best native troops In the
army of Arabl Pasha at Tel-el-Keblr
were black troops. The best native
troops of General Kitchener's army that
captured Khartoum were the pure
blacks. A sane, healthy negro Is a
good fighting animal, and under white
officers an army of blacks Is an admira
ble military machine.
ly SOUTH CAROLINA.
It" is really a marvel to those who
recall the conditions of other -times in
South Carolina, when men were ready
to appeal on slightest provocation to
the "code" for protection' of their
"honah," and never would submit to
the most trifling insinuation or sarcasm
without sending a challenge-to such it
is really a marvel to read what the
two great statesmen of South Caro
lina, Tillman and McLaurln, are say
ing about each other; and yet each
"would see the other damned ere he
would challenge him."
Tillman, In his usual "pitchfork
style," attacked McLaurln. There Is
no need to repeat the vituperation. It
is enough to say that Tillman hurled
all the scurrilous and offensive epi
thets at his command, at his colleague,
who has committed the sin ofdlssent
from the Tlllman-Popullst oligarchy of
their state. McLaurln replies that his
appeal is not to Tillman, but to the
people of South Carolina. He says:
I shall ask them to say whether they prefer
the Senator who has tried to retain for South
Carolina the- honor and dignity won by a long
line of illustrious sons and glorious deeds, or
tho Senator who has postured as buffoon and
bully, and who proclaimed on the floor of tho
Senate that he represented a constituency of
ballot-box stutters and murderers, who wanted
their share of the stealage. I desire to proclaim
to the world that he does not represent the
intelligence, tho Democracy, of the people of
South Carolina.
This Is plain. But note what follows:
I have not in public ofilce retrograded from
a perhaps honorable bankruptcy to dishonor
able and unexplained wealth. He and I draw
the same salaries, but I find it impossible to
save any of mine.
I have never, however, made speeches against
corporations, then voted for them, or been the
solo buying agent of a self-created whisky
trust, with Its rebates of $60,000 to $70,000 a
year, none of which over reached, tho state
treasury.
I have never had the handling of a state
bond refunding scheme with $28,000 of com
mission neier yet accounted for.
And this from one statesman of South
Carolina to another, "O blood, Eargo
blood!" And yet the dogs of war In
South Carolina are held in leash, do not
even snarl In the gentle eyes of peace.
Degenerate South Carolina! How the
fighting vim was taken out of her by
that little unpleasant episode of 1861-65!
THE FUTURE OF CANADA.
Canada's special need today Is popu
lation rather than capital, but the
trend of emigration from Europe and
even from Canada itself has thus far
been to the United States, despite the
fact that the Canadian press with good
show of reason asserts that Capada
has quite as much to offer to the im
migrant as the United States. It looks
forward to the day when the construc
tion of the Georgian Bay Canal will
make it possible to load millions of
bushels of wheat at Chicago, Duluth
and F,prt William and take them to
Europe via the Lakes, the canal, the
Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers. The
Canadians anticipate, too, the day
when by the building of a ship canal of
SO miles in" length the St. Lawrence
will be connected with Lake Champlaln,
and then, by an enlargement of the
Champlaln Canal, there would be a
complete waterway for ocean freight
from the St. Lawrence via Lake Cham
plaln and the Hudson River to New
York City. This scheme engaged the
attention of General Ira Allen, the ac
complished brother of the famous
Ethan Allen, as long ago as 1791.
The people of -Canada are justly san
guine of the future of their country.
Canada has a good government, her
people are of high Intelligence and her
undeveloped resources are Immense.
She has vast areas of the finest wheat
land yet untouched, vast areas of rich
grazing lands, and a vast mineral area.
What Canada needs Is atfew millions
more population of industrious quajity
to make It one of the best fields In the
world for the capitalist and the in
vestor. The newspapers of Montreal
and Quebec urge that the Canadian
Government should send evangelists to
the New England States to preach the
doctrine of repatriation to Its popula
tion of French-Canadian origin. The
Canadian press alleges, among other
things, that the present condition of the
Canadian operatives in the American
factory towns of Massachusetts, Con
necticut and New Hampshire is little
below that 'of serfs, while Canada Is
taking such rapid strides, in both in
dustrlal and agricultural prosperity
hat higher wages can now be secured
in Canada than in New England.
These attempts of the colonization
agents of the Canadian Government to
repatriate the French-Canadians liv
ing In the United States are not likely
to be successful, because these expatri
ated ' Canadians, whose exodus began
sixty years ago, have become strongly
attached to their new homes. They
have acquired farm lands of their own,
purchased from American farmers;
have become naturalized citizens who
take a deep Interest in the public affairs
of the Nation and of their particular
state. .In two generations these French
Canadians of New England have built
churches, colleges, chapels, convents,
schools and cemeteries, and the United
States has become a country to which
they are enthusiastically devoted. The
Canadian colonization evangelists
ought to be able to check any further
large exodus from Canada, but they
will fail In thelr efforts' to repatriate
the French-Canadians living In the
United States.
The colonization agents of Canada
are far more likely to attract adventur
ous native Americans to Canada than
they are to repatriate the French-Canadians
now living In the United
States. After the close of the war of
1812-15, a large number of adventurous
Americans left JTew England and set
tled in Canada, finding plenty of em
ployment for their energy, enterprise
and skill in the lumber trade. Many
of the early mills on the Ottawa and
Its tributaries were operated by Amer
ican brains and capital. The rapid
opening up of Canada's undeveloped
country, the Increased exposure of its
mineral wealth, the building of new
lines pf railway, will be sure to attract
a large and valuable American Immi
gration, but it will not repatriate many
of the French-Canadians of New Eng
land. Forests of Norway are being so swift
ly destroyed that it is only a question
of a few years when they will have
been completely exhausted, according
to a story written by William E. Cur
tis to the Chicago Record-Herald. All
the hardwood has already disappeared,
and Norway formerly had fine forests
of excellent oak. While the lumber
Industry has eaten into the forests with
great rapidity, the wood pulp business
of recent years is said to have done
most to destroy them, because so much
young timber 1b taken for pulp. That
pulp mills are rapacious consumers of
wood Is seen here in Oregon. About
Oregon City those establishments have
cleared a large area of the heavy fir
forest that reached down to the water's
edge when the mills started a decade
ago, while millions of feet of spruce
and white fir have been towed from
the Lower Columbia' and other millions
of feet of fir, cottonwood and balm
from the Upper Willamette. And even
In so new a country as Oregon It is
already found advisable to cultivate
timber for pulp. One of the Oregon
City companies has taken up the work
of raising cottonwood and balm, and
has a considerable area near the mouth
of Pudding River covered with young
trees grown from the seed. This policy
Is to continue, it is understood, until
the area In cultivation will grow new
timber as fast as the pulp mills need
It. In Norway, however, almost no at
tention is given to growing new forests,
and the pine and spruce of that country
grow slowly. A tree 100 years old Is
only 10 Inches In diameter.
"Our Chauncey," who is having his
usual good time in Europe, declared
emphatically the other day that he was
going to retire from the "interviewing
business." Before the public heart had
time to break at this announcement he
followed It up with generously ex
pressed opinions upon American pros
perity and the impossibility of dabor
troubles to check It; the trade situation
In Europe and America; Lord Kitch
ener's latest proclamation (which, how
ever, being a Ignited States Senator, he
was precluded from discussing), and
the hopelessness of European interven
tion In the Boer contention. In the
language of the professional talker,
"with these few broken remarks, he
leaves the subject with us." Next time
he will, no doubt, be less brief, as the
temptation to talk is one that he can
hardly, at his age and with his estab
lished reputation for verbosity, be ex
pected to overcome.
Pacific Coast criminals are becoming
conspicuous through "confessions."
Here is John Winters, who robbed the
Selby Smelting Works, bravely facing
San Quentln by telling how he did it,
and John MacDonald In London Is pin
ing for extradition, that he may take
a long term In the penitentiary at Sa
lem for robbing the Western Lumber
Company's office In this city some
months ago. Frank McDanlel has not
yet caught the prevailing epidemic, but
Is said .to show symptoms, and Is ex
pected to come down with it any day.
A confession from him would surprise
no one, and, since it would not change
his condition, and would, "manifestly,
relieve his conscience, the boy should
be encouraged to fall In line and ac
knowledge, his clearly-proven guilt.
France does not mince matters over
Crlspl's death, any more than she did
dver that of Bismarck. Her implacable
enemies In life. In death neither of these
men Is mourned by Frenchmen. Scout
ing custom under such circumstances,
they do not pretend a regret which they
.do not feel. Crlspl's death means' elm
ply to them that "another enemy of
France has disappeared," and, while
refraining from saying that they are
glad, they are plainly not sorry. From
a standpoint simply human, there Is
enough in the humiliation suffered by
France at, the dictation of Bismarck
and Crlspl to justify this feeling toward
theBe cold-blooded statesmen, and the
French people are distinctively human
In their impulses and judgments.
Governor Rogers Is to be commended
for his decision not to Interfere with
the course of justice in the case of
Charles W, Nordstrom, convicted of
murdering his employer, Willie Mason,
In King County In 1892. This case has
been fought most obstiqately In the
courts, having thrice been to the Su
preme Court of the United States. Af
ter so thorough a sifting It Is not likely
that Nordstrom Is the victim of any In
justice The Governor's query as to
whether the law Is an instrument of
jugglery for courts and lawyers will be
lost on those who make a living by
searching out loopholes In the laws
through whlcli to squeeze criminals of
high and low degree.
Shipments of wool from Montana this
year will aggregate 34,600,000 pounds,
Nearly one-half goes from Billings and
one-fourth from Great Falls. The av
erage price was 13 cents. The total
J. returns are nearly $4,500,000,.
A LABOR DAY PROCLAMATION.
The first Monday" in September will be
Labor day, according to custom, and also
according to law in many states- In view
ot the labor troubles In the East, a
proclamation issued by the Governor of
West Virginia is of peculiar interest. The
proclamation closes with this wish:
May the first Labor day ot the new century
be marked by the most friendly relations be
tween all our citizens and the obliteration of
all class distinctions.
The present prospect is that Labor day
will, on the contrary, witness the heat
of one of the strongest contests ever
waged between capital and labor, and
that class distinctions will be never so
clearly drawn. The proclamation also
says:
This Is a time of exceptional prosperity and
of wonderful development in our state, and
probably never before was labor so fully em
ployed or so well paid; and, perhaps, never
before did the employers of labor receive
larger returns. It Is especially fitting, there
fore, that all emplojers of labor should grant
ample opportunity to those In their employ to
observe Labor day, and should participate
with them In the ceremonies and festivities of
the occasion, and seek to accentuate thereby
the dignity, honor and power of labor, upon
which the entire structure ot organized society
rests. ,
Let the laboring men and women observe the
day In all appropriate waj s, and by public as
semblages and otherwise consider how their
condition can be still further improved and
the dignity and worth ot labor emphasized.
The proclamation, bearing date of Au
gust 3, was probably written before the
magnitude of the present strike in the
East became apparent. The directions
contained In the Governor's message to
his people will be obeyed to a. greater de
gree than he could" have Imagined, for all
over the East thousands of laboring men
will be earnestly considering in mass meet
ings and In their homes how organized
labor may secure the privileges afforded
to organized capital, and how the dignity,
honor and power of labor may be pro
moted. CLEARWATER SITUATION.
Northern Paclfle to Do the Building,
President Mellcn Says.
Lewiston Tribune.
Mr. Mellen was shown a copy of a re
cent letter addressed to him and Mr. Har
riman by the Commercial Club setting
forth the requirements of tho country for
more railway facilities and after glancing
at It said: "I know what this is about
and will take the matter up with Harri
man on my return. We are going to build
the road westward from here to RIparia,
and also extend to Grangeville. We will
build no further eastward for some years
yet, until the 'country has advanced very
materially beyond where it Is now. If
I were .going to build a new road to the
Coast it would go through the Lolo pass
and down the Clearwater, but we shall not
disturb the business of the main line until
there is something to replace It with.
"We are going to build the line to
RIparia because It will save us money.
This piece of road would be of great bene
fit to the O. R. & N.. but we prefer to
build it ourselves. The road would have
been put through to Grangeville if the
truce had not held up construction at
Stltes. The construction work in this
country In future will be in harmony with
both Northern Pacific and Union Pacitic
interests under an Interchange of track
age plan.
"Besides these two pieces of road we
Intend to extend the Lapwai spur further
into the grain fields, reaching Nez Percea
and Keuterville. We will also run a line
Into the timber belt, but whether from
Vollmer or up the North Fork Is not yet
settled. If the mining developments
should Justify It we will be ready at any
time to run into Buffalo Hump or Elk
City. It seems too late In the season to
begin these extensions this year. Besides,
the harmonizing of interests is just being
put into effect as a principle and there are
other things to be settled before matters
of construction can be arranged and ap
portioned. I 'am sure, however, that when
Mr. Harrlman understands all the facts
he will see the importance of making
theso extensions. Railways are large
bodies and move slowly, but these things
I have mentioned are decided upon and
will be accomplished just as soon as tho
newly-established relations of the two
companies can be adjusted as to details.
Mr. 'Harrlman and his friends have be
come largely interested In the Northern
Pacific and there will be entire accord
in the policy of the two lines."
a
THE STEEL TRUST.
Its Fronts and Dividend on Ficti
tious "Value.
LONG BEACH. Aug. 11. (To the Editor.)
Re your editorial, August 9th Issue, will you
be gopd to tell your readers when the United
States Steel Company paid "dividends at the
rate of 4S per cent per annum"? Did the ra
tio thus established carry with it a pledge
that dividends on this basis. 1. e., 48 per cent,
would bo paid during any given period of 12
months? If so. what monfhs? A HEADER.
This requires more specific statement.
The steel trust has put both its preferred
and common stock upon the list ot pay
ing securities. In round numbers there
are 5550,000,000 each of the-common and
preferred shares, an unknown but very
large part? of which Is ''.'water." Besides,
there are $301,000,000 of underlying' bonds,
Issued In exchange for the Carnegie prop
erties. Hero are fourteen hundred mill
Ions, eleven hundred millions of which
are stocks, inflated enormously. Tho
charges upon tho bonds are 515,000,000
yearly tile dividends upon the stocks
will bo what the corporation chooses to
make them. It announced in July that
Its net? earnings in three months had
been 526,500,000, which would be at the
rate of 5106,000,000 a year. In view of the
fact that so muchjof the stock is mere
water, though the proceeds were pocketed
by the syndicate that organized the trust
L the dividends. If paid on the actual val
ues, might well bo as high as the high
est figures at which we have seen tfnem
estimated. But whether so high, or not,
there certainly are enormous profits, made
on values; created by resolution of the
trust directors. The method and the re
sults constituted a world-scandal at the
time the trust was formed. ,
Negroes In Louisiana.
The late census shows that Louisiana
has become a white state. For the first
time since 1860, ,the white population ex
ceeds the black, the present figures being
729,612 whites, against 650,801 negroes. The
negroes have been In a majority since
tho first census wa3 taken in 1810, except
in the single year of 1860, when the
whites showed the small lead of 7000.
The losses in the Civil War of the white
population again gave the colored people
a Blight majority, which was barely
maintained In the census of 1900. In
Alabama and Arkansas the census of 1900
showed the blacks were Increasing more
rapidly than the whites. Very many
of tho blacks of Louisiana are superior
men and women. We judge jso, at least,
from the fact that tho Twenty-fourth
Regiment, which was stationed here, was
recruited mostly from Louisiana. They
immortalized themselves in the rush up
San Juan Hill; they won' for themselves
a new wreath ot honor, when, after San
tiago was captured, they became volun
teer nurses to takB care of the wounded
and the sick In hospitals.
"The Trust's victims.
Omaha Bee.
Tho Bee condoles with owners of steet
stock who are going to be victimized by
'the fall In the price of their property for
a whtlo because of the strike. It says
that the plutocrats who boss the trust,
having raised among themselves 5200,000,
000 with which to protect the stock, will
bby in the stock of scared owners when
it is offered cheap for sale, and then af
ter tho strike is over will reap a great
harvest.
AMUSEMENTS.
Chauncey Olcott delighted a large audi
ence last night at the Marquam In the
Irish role of Garrett O'Magh. The play is
redundant with amusing episodes, and
Mr. Olcott sang some very pleasing melo
dies, one of which in particular, "The
Lass I Love," the audience carried from
the theater ringing in their ears. The
situations are entirely new, and the
smoothness with which the incidents fol
low upon one another gives the comedy
much charm.
Mr. Olcott, after his Introduction in the
first act, is on the stage most of the time.
He has. much to do, but sustains himself
with a grace and ease such as is not fre
quently the treat of Portland' theater
goers to see. His clever acting, his witty
sallies, and the way he met and executed
tho contingencies as they came In their
well-planned order, kept his audlenco
highly amused. He won their admiration
from his first appearance, and held them
closely until the curtain fell. He was
ably assisted, and the dash of the play
was fully kept up during his short ab
sences from the stage.
The comedy Is supposed to be enacted
In the year 1812, just before the outbreak
of the war with England. Garrett O'Magh,
a naturalized citizen of the United States,
has returned to Dublin, after having made
a fortune In America, together with Ru
fus Hardy, an American trader of the
Quaker cast. Garrett s aunt, Mrs. Dev
lin, is of a match-making disposition, and
forms a plan to marry to him Eileen, the
daughter of Roger Nagle, a Dublin attor
ney, betweenwhom and herself there i3
an attachment. While planning their
own happiness, Mr. Nagle and Mrs. Dev
lin decide to bring about a match be
tween Eileen and Garrett. Eileen Is a
very romantic girl," with exaggerated no
tions, which she has acquired from novels.
Beneath this surface, however, she has
a womanly and practical nature, the re
vealment of which is very neatly accom
plished In the first act. Garrett, on the
other hand, 4s Just the opposite, having
only a matter-of-fact exterior, and with
in a warmer and more sentimental nature
than at first exhibited. The first meeting
of the two Is dexterously executed. .Each
sees only the outside of the other and Is
repelled. Then by a neat series of epi
sodes the real character of each unfolds
itself to the other until by the end of the
first act they are on a fair way to a
mutual understanding.
In the'second act, Mrs. Devlin and Mr.
Nagle, seeing how Garrett Is handicapped
by Eileen's notions, plan an elopement
for him. Eileen, unaware of the scheme,
consents to bo won by this method. But
she confides her secret to Louise Wilton,
who wants Garrett for herself, and who
goes to Mr. Nagle with the Information.
Mr. Nagle feigns wrath and declares he
will take all precautions. The elopement
Is prettily done, and as exquisitely as the
most romantic maiden could wish. The
seemingly angry father pursues the flee
ing couple and captures them, but Louise
Wilton uncovers the scheme, whereat
Eileen denounces Garrett and declares she
never wishes to see him again. The last
act Is taken up with a reconciliation be
tween Garrett and Eileen. The outbreak
of war between the United States and
Great Britain determines Garrett to re
turn to America to participate in It.
Prospect of his departure melts away
tho indignation of Eileen.
Mr. Olcott has a remarkably clear tenor
voice, and he used it last night with win
ning effect. His singing of "Ireland! A
Gra, Ma Chree" and "My Wild Rose,"' in
tho first act. was received with much ap
plause, and he was called before the cur
tain. "Tho Lass I Love" was the most
captivating of his melodies. This he sang
in the second act, and also "My Sweet
Queen," which was much admired. Ills
rendition of "Paddy's Cat." in tho third
act, was clever. His singing was admired
as much as his delicate portrayal of the
Irish character.
Tho most amusing part of the comedy is
the second act. This kept the audience
in a paroxysm of laughter. The attempt
of Hardy to make love to the French
maid, Josephine, was Indeed very funny,
and the effect was heightened by Mr. Ol
cott'a skillful participation in it.
Mr. Olcott impersonates the true Irish
spirit. It is, however, of a refined grade,
such as is above the usual comedy drama.
He has an Irish accent, but It Is delight
fully cultivated, and there Is no offensive
extreme in it. The characters all belong
to tho refined Irish clafiB. The comedy Is
a pleasing one, without the least obtru
slveness. It abounds In wit which tha
most fastidious will find to their liking.
The same play Is billed for tonight and
tomorrow night.
ENGLISH IN ALFRED'S DAY.
Some of the "Words of His Period
Have Come to Us Unchanged.
London Express.
In the heart of the grand old Kingdom
of Wessex which, by the way, was cre
ated some little while before Thomas
Hardy began to write his fine stories of
country life folk are going to celebrate
the millenary of Alfred, who ruled in
that place and was a native of It. I
mentioned the other day the fact that
many of the common country words used
today on the farm and In the hamlet are
still pure Saxon.
It is quite true you cannot read Anglo
Saxon unless you know the grammar and
the bulk of the words, but it is almost
startling to notice how very little some
of these common country words have
changed. Why, "fox," 4;orn," "beam,"
"throstle," and others actually have not
changed at all; while our "brock" ("bad
ger"), "scholar," "form," "spade,"
'.'goose," and "mattock" aro not very
hard to see In the "broc," "scolere,"
"feorm," "spftd," "gos," and "mattuc,''
which were the names of theso things In
Alfred's day.
Perhaps, after all, about tho best Eng
lish is that spoken by the plowman and
the carter for they speak the language
In Its purity and do not spoil It by in
troducing horrible Frenchlsms and hid
eous mongrel Latin and Greek com
poundsthings which are as "gravel In
'the teeth."
His LiKhtnlnp-Rod Still Up.
Philadelphia Ledger.
Mr. Bryan has had varied experience a3
a Presidential candlate. He was a candi
date of Impulse, precipitately nominated
In 1896, and he was a candidate by delib
erate preparation, long forecasted, in 1900.
To the unthinking world his experience
with both styles of candidacy would seem
to leave little choice- between them, but
Mr. Bryan has learned a different lesson.
To his mind the surprise method of nomi
nating presents many advantages, and he
now says, "It would be foolish for any
man to announce his candidacy for such
an office at such a time." He accordingly
announces that he Is "a candidate for no
office," but that he "would not enter Into
a- bond never to become a candidate." He
was struck by the Presidential lightning
once; if it should happen around his way
a second timer it will find him at home.
Patent Potion
Town Topics.
"Nope," said the prominent Kansan.
"Somo of the liquor that they slam out
in the Joints here ain't the mildest and
most soothln beverage you ever poured
into your head It's no ba'm of" Gllead,
by a gordamsltel Over at the Blue Ruin,
'frlnstance,. when you call for a drink
they hand you a bottle, a glass and a
whisk broom."
"Whisk broom?" Inquired the tourist
from New England.
"Aw, when you've taken your drink
you go over Into the corner, sweep away
the sawdust and have your fit."
In Baker City.
Democrat.
The one thing that Is noticed by stran
gers in Bnker, when they can see through
the clouds of dust, Is that building and.
the Improvement in property Is a steady
thing here. There are a few kickers who
think that things might be better If the
streets were sprinkled, sewers were built,
streets were lighted, a bay and wood mar
ket was provided, cesspools and alleys
were cleaned, but then there always will
Jbe kickers.
STUFF AND STUFFING.
In times of peaco Schley and Sampson
are preparing for war.
Will your boy be the next one drowned7
Remember the bath fund.
"Aye, there's the rub" does not always
refer to the Turkish bath man.
The strike In San Francisco, which be
gan with the teamsters. Is having a long
haul.
The fact that Constitution follows Co
lumbia's flag must be very comforting to
"antis."
"TTs better never to have loved and got
alimony than to have loved at all and
got none.-
If Bryan'.is determined never to run for
President again, he will And silver a great
help to him.
Some crops may be email, but God al
ways Insures a. good yield of little apples
and small potatoes.
Tillman avers that all men are not cre
ated equal. The fact of Tillman corrob
orates his statement.
If you aro a timber-land grafter don't
talk and don't write, for you are likely
to give yourself away.
She was Indeed a modest girl.
And not to blame. I think;
You see It was her bathing suit
That from the gaze did shrink.
Men who think the earth gets little or
no heat from the sun of course regard
themselves warm numbers.
Washington City has only one donkey.
What member of Congress was on hand
when the census was taken?
Tho next battle- of Santiago will bo
fought by Sampson, and Schley is In a
fair way to get the honors.
Now doth he on vacation gone,
His spirit work full sore.
To drag the speeding moments out
And make them count the more.
The only crop that has turned out a
"complete failure this year is that of
Bryan's Presidential aspirations.
This warm weather at home Is money
in the pockets of those who aro paying
out their good, hard cash at the seaside.
Aguinaldo is writing for the magazines.
One of these mornings he will wake up
to find himself no better than any other
hero.
Notwithstanding all the pains tho
trusts are causing us, a window glass
trust is proposed, which probably will
not lighten our difficulties.
I'm almost afraid to compose this.
And fear deep Into me digs;
For it may be nothing but doggerel.
And thus excite that man Triggs.
If the Boers should start In to end tho
war by September 15, according to Kitch
ener's proclamation, the British General
might regret his rashness.
Somo people are comparing Tillman and
Booker T. Washington. To our mind it
Is rather a contrast, and not to tho
disadvantage of Booker T., either.
The efficacy of prayer In Kansas and
Nebraska is still In doubt. Prayers wero
offered liberally, "but some heathen un
believers tried the method of gunpowder.
It Is regarded as very unfortunate that
tho matter is left In such great doubt.
"When she was home ene was a. peach.
Her face like satin made by bleach;
But since she's summoned to the beach
To tell of It I fall In speech.
So let your fancy toward It reach.
The horror ot old Neptune's bleach.
The man to whom the world Is Indebted
for tho discovery that there Is close con
nection between mosquito blto and ma
laria Is Major Donald Ross, a medical
officer of the British Army. His discov
ery resulted from thorough Investigation
of a widespread epidemic of the disease
named among troops in India. Major
Ross Is now on his way to Sierra Leone,
Africa, a region of deadly climate, whero
he and his party will- try to exterminate
mosquitoes with petroleum.
The participle "being," used In con
nection with the past participle of verbs
in a passive sense, is much overworked
these days, perhaps more so than sinco
tho Impropriety has been In vogue. In
stead of the good English, "the bell is
tolling," we hear "the bell is being
tolled"; 'instead of "the bread is baking."
"the bread is being baked"; instead of
"tho house Is building," "the house Is
being built." The following dialogue,
which has been used for a. long time to
show the absurdity of this use of "being,"
may be worth printing again:
Elderly Man Are there any houses
building in your neighborhood?
Young Woman No, sir. There is a new
house being built for Mr. Smith, but it
is the carpenters who are building.
Man True, I sit corrected. To be build
ing isf certainly a different thing from, to
be being built And how long has Mr.
Smith's houso been being built?
Woman (looks puzzled a moment, and
then answers rather abruptly) Nearly a
year.
Man How much longer do you think It
will bo being built?
Woaan (explosively) Don't know.
Man-I should think Mr. Smith would
be annoyed by Its being so long being
built, for the house he now occupies be
ing old. he must leave it; and the new
one being only being built, instead of
being built, as he expected, he cannot.
At this point the young woman disap
peared. Byron's Grave at Hucknnll Torkard.
Joseph Truman, in the London Spectator.
Beneath the smoke-bedarkened air.
Amid a squalid village bare.
In this mean church does Byron sleep
The everlasting slumber deep;
To this lone undistinguished tomb
They brought the famous dead, for whom.
The storied inlnstor .found no room.
Voices august have given since then
Their music to the sons of men.
But none has reached his giant frame.
None blanched the splendor of his name
The valley with its beauty meek
Yearns upward to tho soaring pea'k,
The rher In the drowsy plain
Blghs for the tumult of the main;
The minds that honeyed numbers cloy
May hunger for more strenuous Joy.
An with a swift Impatience turn
To Byron's grandeur, sad and stern.
Insist on the false notes, the flaws.
The careless corn of rhythmic laws.
Tho halting phrase, the gaudy word.
The discords and redundance heard.
The callous flippancies that brood
In some fine fancy's neighborhood;
Remember, still, the lines that flow
As clear as light, as pure as snow.
The vlld though who runs may read.
The teeming power, the stately speed.
The sealike swell, the strength and tin
That brace when tones more polished tlr.
The vigor that uplifted flew
Like a bold eazle toward the blue.
The clarion that through Europe rang
"When Freedom's haughlest minstrel sang.
The hero's dream, the soldier's death.
Tho unfinished words of falling breath.
The suffering, the self-tortured pride
L That left the world when Byron died,
'