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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 29, 1901)
?& 3 T V$ -iTP ""?HWagy'Tt " ' ' jV-jB-X "T'r-, .!.5P( r-p Sfr "Jfeiij . J pfiflKT-SCT ".- JJtjJ lfSr THE MOEims'a OBEGOIAN WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 1M1. te rsgomott Entered the. Posloffloe at Portland, Oregon, . il4 second-floss .matter. ' TELEPHONES. Editorial Hooxns .....160 ( Business Office.. .GOT EEV3SED SUBSCRIPTION KATES. Br Hall (postage prepaid). In Advance Dally, with Sunday, per month. .........$ S3 Bally. Sunday, excepted, per year....r.. 7 60 Dally, Tth Sunday, peri ear -...., 0 00 Sunday, per year ,...!,..-. ................ 2 00 The Weekly, perear . . 1 BO The Weekly. 3 month ......... . M To CatfSubscrfbers Dally, per"weefc. delU crhl, Sundays ea;cepted.l5c Daily, per -week, deHeredvPundaya;inclnded.20c POSTAGE BATES. United 6tatev Canada "and Uexlco: 10 to 10-paEeTjaperi3,;j,.r'.. Jt....lc 16 to 32-page paper ..iT.......S:.-c foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication In The OJegbnfan&Juld be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregqnian."-not tp the. name of any individual. Letters relating tb advertis ing, subscriptions-or to any business matter should toe Addressed simply "The Oregonlan." ThcOreeonlan doe not buy poems or stories trorn- inaivldaais, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts ent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. , Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson. office at Ull Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box 055. Tacoma Postoffice Eastern "JJusfness ,QJHce ft, 4S, 49 and 59 Tribune building, New? ToJ-Jt lty; -409 "The Rookery-Chicago; the S. C.'Beckwith special agency, Eastern. representative. For salQ in Saa Pranclf co to' J. K. Cooper. 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros? 230 Sutter street; F. TV. Pitts. 3008 Market treet. Foner & Orear. Ferry atvt stand. For sale in 'Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 259 So Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 So Spring stre&t . For: sale in Chicago b the P.. O. 2"ews Co., 217 Rearborn street. Tor sale In Omaha'ToyBarkalow Bros, 1012 TFarnam street. For sale In Bait Lahe'-by the Salt Lake News Co 77 W. -Second South street. Tor sale in Ogdefl.bj TV. C Kind, 504 Twen tj -fifth street On file at Buffalo, N. T., in the Oregon ex hibit at the exposition. For sale In "Washington, D C, by the Ebbett House newstand. For sale in Denver, Colo , by Hamilton & Kendrick, 006-012 Sejenth street. TOSJATS "WEATHER. Fair and warmer; 3i Tthwesterly lnds. PORTLAXD, "WEDNESDAY, 3IAY 2D. A M21V SOUTHER V XOTE. Senator McLaurln, of South Carolina, makes his contest -within the Demo cratic party. The effort Is Interesting, as a- test of the availability of the pro posal to sever the party from the issues of the Civil "War and of the negro ques tion, and to give it a start forward on the hew policies of National expansion and material prosperity. But It can scarcely -win. South Carolina is a back ward state. Dissemination of Intelli gence Is not rapid, and the disposition to hold to the past is strong. McLaurin's appeal Is to the industrial and commercial Interests of his state, and of the. Southern States in general. He appeals to his people to accept the changed industrial and economic condi tions, and to direct their own political action in accord with the change. Na tional expansion, he reminds his hear ers, is An old policy of the Democratic party; and he Insists that the Interests of the South lie with those who look forward and move forward, rather than with those who look backward or stand still. There an be no doubt that the whole business element of the South looks -with d'sfavor on the present pro gramme of the Democratic party. In -voting for Bryan the South by no means approved the platform that Bryan dictated. The South simply did not think Jt safe to withdraw its sup port from the Democratic party. But the negro question has recently under gone rapid elimination, and only the habit of adherence to the Democratic party, without the reason for it, re mains. The South would be glad to see Cuba joined to the United States, if it could be effected by consent of the Cu bans and without violation of public faith; the South certainly does favor retention of the Philippines. Moreover, the South Is becoming a great manu facturing region, and It is not improb able that in a time not distant it will become a strong bulwark of the doc trine of protection a doctrine tending to obsolescence in states whose manu facturing industry is further advanced. It is certain, therefore, that though Senator McLaurin may and probably will fall, he will get a support that till now would have been impossible. He must have something on "which to base the confidence that seems to possess him; for he is entering with earnestness into the contest with Senator Tillman for control of the Democratic party In South Carolina. What is significant, further; Is the fact that he. expects his 6Upport to come from the whites; for the blacks have practically ceased to be a political clement in the state. The silver agitation is past, and he taunts Tillman with the remark that "nobody but & fool wetrltr make a free-silver speech now." He says that the Indus trial and commercial Interests of' the South are paramount to those of any politician or party, and that the South 3s now standing before the open door of opportunity, which she would be most unwise to close. There Is sound sense in ills appeal; and though it probably will not succeed now, yet it is an encouraging fact to find a new tone introduced into the politics of the South. Its strangeness, from such a source, attracts general attention. ture had been less kind to the foreign ers than to the Americans, and a few centuries of civilization had brought the Internal development of the Old World to a point where Industrial con quest on shore was practically at an end. The high seas were then the only resort, and while the Rockefellers, Hills, Carnegies and Morgans were pil ing up colossal fortunes in coal, iron, steel, railroads, Lake shipping and other Internal enterprises, the foreign ers made the best of the situation and carried our products to the world's mar kets at a lower rate than we were will ing to carry them for ourselves. In showing a preference for these in ternal Investments, the American cap italist was only obeying a natural law of economics as "well as the law of self interest. Foreign money went Into ships because it found no more profit able investment on shore, and American money went Into the development of interior industries because the sea of fered no such opportunities for profit as were found ashore. An equalization of these conditions was inevitable. The American millionaires have reared a structure of production and Internal transportation so vast and perfect that expansion in that direction from now on will be slow, and will never again show as great returns on the investment as it has in the past What, then, is more natural than that capital should turn to the best avenue now open for in vestment? Mr. Rockefeller can no longer find satisfactory employment for all of his millions on shore, and he at once proceeds to build and buy ships. So long as the foreigner would carry his oil to the world's markets cheaper than he could carry it himself, he sim ply followed a plain business rule by giving the business to the foreigner and keeping his own capital employed where it brought larger returns. For years Mr. Morgan and his asso ciates found employment for all of their money on shore, but there has been a change which has forced them to seek new avenues for investment, and they put millions into a steamship line which will handle business which formerly paid a profit to foreign shipowners. It is this wonderful change in the eco nomic situation which is causing the remarkable growth of the American merchant marine, and in the face of such facts as are dally .brought before the American people, the plea that nothing but a subsidy will restore the American merchant marine Is becoming ridiculous. prices for their Iron and steel, and men ' In arms have shot down his laborers at Homestead lest they should receive fair wages for their work. What shall we say of millions accumulated in. these ways? How shall we wonder ir their bestowal in alms, whether in New York or in Scotland, provokes a doubt as to the blessing- that goes with them? And -would It not have been far better If half of them had remained with those justly entitled to them, Instead of being scattered about on libraries and universities, as the tourist scatters pen nies to Sicilian beggars? SOURCE OP OUR MARIXE REVIVAL. The four-masted teel ship Acme was launched at the yards of Sewall & Co., at Bath. Me., last Monday, for the Standard Oil Company. This Is the sec ond ship built at these yards for the great oil monopoly, and the same firm iias orders for two more big carriers for the same xwners. These ships, like the Sewall fleet, will find their business al most exclusively in carrying oil to the far Hast, and, crossing the Pacific In ballast, taking a return cargo of wheat to Europe, or in returning from the Ori ent with a cargo of general merchan dise for the Atlantic seaboard. The traffic of this -nature is enormous, an nually giving -employment to over 200 ships, and it was In handling this busi ness under the American flag that the late Arthur Sewall amassed his great fortune. Sewall's "fleet was small, how ever, in comparison with those of the foreigners, and the freights annually paid by the American enterprise to the British. Germans and Norwegians amounted to millions. So long as American capital found employment on shore at high rates of interest there was no incentive for In vesting it in shipping property. Money was pientirui in ine nnanciai centers oi the Old World at a rate of Interest LIMITATIOIVS OF CHARITY. Out of Scotland came Samuel Smiles and his philosophy of "Self-Help." Whence but from Scotland, therefore, should come grave inquiry as to the beneficence of Mr. Carnegie's proffered gift of 10,000,000 in aid of university education? Where else, perhaps, does thrift go so faithfully hand in hand with Independence? The "canny Scot" is frank and hardheaded enough to look even so noble a gift horse In the mouth, and it actually remains yet to be seen whether Mr. Carnegie's offer will be accepted, at least In the precise form In which he has contrived it. What Is the trouble with Mr. Carne gie's $10,000,000? He has always held to a theory and practiced It with meas urable fidelity, that almsgiving pauper izes the poor; but it appears from cer tain Scotch opinion that In making edu cation easy, and especially in his pro posal to pay the tuition fees of all stu dents in Scotch universities, -he runs a perilous chance of pauperizing the rich. This offer does not make any distinction between rich students and poor, and it is feared that the receipt of tuition for nothing will bear a dis tinct tendency to impair the spirit of Independence. Another question that arises is whether Mr. Carnegie Is not doing harm to other institutions of learning which compete with the four universities in the work of educating the youth of Scotland, and which de pend upon fees in whole or In part for their sustenance. Is It on the whole helpful to education to remove or weaken this element of competition? These and other questions are rife in the British press, and will probably be discussed at the approaching jubilee of Glasgow University and on other plat forms. A little reflection will enable us to extend this speculation concerning the utility of almsgiving to other fields of human activity. Is there any earthly good whose value to the recipient of an outright gift at all compares with its value to the person who achieves it at the price of toll and self-denial? If we can suppose the case of a benevolent genius with resources equal to Alad-. din's, going about the land relieving all want and hardship, can we be sure that the wealth bestowed will -leave its beneficiaries happier than before? 'The struggling church, now that its mort gage is lifted and its pastor sleek and well bestowed will its heait really be lighter than in the old days of patient self-sacrifice? The young man with Franklin's or Stanton's spirit, drudging by day and reading borrowed books far into the night will his vision and his purpose burn the brighter, now that his bills are paid and his apartments are luxuriously appointed? The mother who pinches her own food and raiment that her boy may go to school, the youth who turns his back upon a tempt ing career to make happy an aged par ent's declining years, Nora hoarding her wages to send In the weekly letter to dear ould Ireland, Hans and Ole, wearing old clothes and living scantily for the sake of bringing sweethearts across the sea Is. there gold enough in all Klondike and the Rand to repay these blessed givers for their hours of glad self-sacrifice, or outweigh the tears of Joy that garnish the supreme hour of love's hard-won triumph? There's not a joy the world can give like that it takes away when it hands the youth on a silver platter the prize he might have won in Nature's way, tramping through the dust of drudgery, toiling through the swamps of self-sacrifice, scaling the heights of battle with poverty, diffidence and temptation. There is no reward In life so sweet as the prize of heroic self-achievement. No value Inheres In any possession like that which comes from the conscious ness of its having been earned by its possessor and by him alone, in the face of tremendous obstacles. No crown without the cross. No cross without its crown. The good that Mr. Carnegie's princely benefactions do is therefore problem atical, if we look deeply enough into the matter and follow them to their remote effects. Their limitations, moreover, may send us back to their source, in our industrial system, which has given THE HEAL CONSTITUTION. The discussion concerning the con struction of the Constitution, and its limitations elicited from Mr. Justice Harlan the following: The glory of our American system of goi em inent is that it -was created by a written Con stitution, which protects the people against the exercise of arbitrary, unlimited ppwer, and the limits of which may not be passed by the Gov ernment It created, or by any branch of It, or een by the people who ordained It, except by amendment. It will be an ell day for Amer ican liberty if the theory of a Government out side of the supreme law of the land finds lodg ment In their Constitutional Jurisprudence. This Is all true, but nevertheless in times of grave emergency strict con structionists, like Jefferson, reversed themselves, as he did on the constitu tionality of the Ijoulslana purchase. On the construction of the Constitution Jefferson certainly, and perhaps Madi son, in 1798 and 1799, went back fo the Confederate idea, and so did the New England Federalists when the War of 1812 was thrust upon them. The Con stitution was a compromise originally between particularist and centralist ideas, and it was, of course, its fate to be read in two different lights by those who accepted the logic of Calhoun as an authoritative expounder and those who accepted the argument of Webster. There are not lacking men of ability today who think as a mere matter of strict logical construction that Calhoun had the best of It In his insistence that the Constitution follows the flag, and per se carried slavery with It into the territories, but when the debate was finally closed by an appeal to arms few people on either side knew or cared much about the relative constitutional merits of ,the arguments of Calhoun or Webster. " The truth Is that the Nation was saved in 1861-65, i,ot by men of mental accomplishments that are displayed in legal contention and political debate, or by adepts in the skill of the schools with tongue and pen. The uprising for the Union was a universal instinct. The moment the flag was fired at the men of instinct rose to their feet by thousands on both sides, and there was an end of compromise this side of the grave of the Southern Confederacy. These men of Instinct could not have constructed a constitutional argument against secession or in defense of coer cion; they could not have exposed 'by searching analysis the flaw of the con stitutional argument for state suprem acy; they were plain people whose pa triotism was of the simple, instinctive sort that prompts a man to fight with his fellow-townsmen for his cornfield, his altar and his household fires. This honest simplicity of patriotism, this unerring instinct of National self-preservation, that, without any formal analysis of the logic of secession, with intuitive common sense, pronounced against It, was the prevailing temper of the great mass of the plain' people who filled the armies of the Union with a rush after the firing on Sumter. These men of instinct had never stopped to consult the letter of the Con stitution to find the right of a Nation to save itself by applying coercion to insurgents against its authority; they never stopped to traverse and weigh the logic of Calhoun against that of Webster; they determined to shoot first those who tried to burn the roof of the Nation over their' heads, and declined to ) hear constitutional arguments ou the subject of arson from men who pro posed to fire the dome of the Union. The Constitution, of course, did not contemplate Its own destruction, and of course made no provision for it, but whether a nation exists under a writ ten Constitution or an unwritten Con stitution, the right to fight for its life Is a birthright, and the exercise of this right of course implies coercion of In surgents to renewed allegiance to the Nation's flag. When It came to a ques tion of peaceful secession. It was promptly decided by the people, not by constitutional argument, but by over powering popular emotion and self-Interest. Early In the war the orthodox construction of the Constitution was se verely wrenched -by the passage of the legal-tender act. There was no excuse for Its passage, save the assurance of Secretary Chase that he could not bor row the money necessary to fight the Rebellion to death; that he must get it by a forced loan from the people in shape of legal tenders. When the Hayes-Tllden contest was threatening to carry us into civil war for lack of constitutional settlement, both parties consented to the creation of' extra- constitutional machinery to procure a settlement. In other words, Congress declared that under the Constitution it could not determine who was elected President,, and then created the Elec toral Commission, clothing it with pow ers that Congress could not exercise Itself. These facts Illustrate that our written Constitution has already been subjected to severe straining by notable public emergencies, and will be again proba bly In the years to come. This is in evitable, if we continue to grow. No written constitution could possibly provide for every event of the future. The safety of the people Is the supreme law. This law we obeyed when both parties In Congress agreed to create extra-constitutional machinery to eke out the inadequate constitutional pow ers of Congress. We shall always set tle such unexpected emergencies in ac cordance with and in complete subordi nation to the supreme safety of the state. The Constitution was made for this Nation, and while we have always been very slow to depart from Jt, never theless we have not hesitated to depart from It or severely wrench It rather than be "constitutionally damned " We have done this more than once in our first century of constitutional life, and we shall certainly do It again at some future day, near or far. The Consti tution was made for the people, not the people for the Constitution; and the real Constitution of any nation is its public conscience. healing' ministry to thousands and de parts with May, leaving 'blessings in its train. To the other and greater multitude, to whom "Memorial day" Is but an. opportunity for recreation and sport, the 30th of May has a signifi cance widely separated from the orig inal intent of the day's designation, yet it 13 both futile and unwise to cen sure them as lacking in reverence and patriotism. The occasion does not ap peal to them In Its memorial aspect. There is nothing in their experience that gives to it the" touch of solemnity or that invests It with sorrowful mem ories. This can hardly be considered a matter of regret Uet these go their way, therefore, Unchallenged by those, since It Is neither desirable nor possi ble for all to regard It from the same point of View. An explosion in. a coal mine, with Its familiar and contingent horrors, is reported from Dayton, Tenn. With loud report, tremendous concussion and flames rising to a height of 300 feet from the pit's mouth, all with a sud denness of a flash of lightning, the won der is not that twenty-one of the thirty four mjners in the shaft met instant death, but that even one of the number escaped. There are no new features to record in connection with this disaster. Similar explosions from a similar cause have caused similar results since men delved into the depths of the earth for the stored deposits of light and heat of the ages. Science- and engineering skill, and humanity indorsed by self lntereBt, following the course of legisla tion, have done much to reduce the number of casualties of this kind, but as" long as human judgment Is liable to err, and human caretaking to lapse, the tremendous forces of nature with which man deals In working out the in dustrial problems of life will And and employ opportunity to assert their power. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, who has given much study to life In the har bor towns of New England, from whence the fishing fleets sail with yearly re curring regularity, says that the women of the$e ports have a look of apprehen sion and yearning In their eyes and upon, their faces that Is born of con stant anxiety and a ceaseless watching of the restless sea upon which their husbands and sons seek their liveli hood. An equally observing and sym pathetic person might ,flnd similar traces of anxiety and apprehension upon the faces of the wives and moth ers of miners, whose husbands and sons disappear from their sight each day into the subterranean depths from which the commerce and manufactures of the world are fed. Be this as it may, when the hoped-against, yet dreaded, and in a sense expected, explosion oc curs, the widow's wailing and the mother's tears signalize the most piti ful phase of an intensely pitiful disas ter, of which the loss of life is but a minor incident. Settlement of the controversy between rail and river, in the Lower Columbia, which has been carried on so long at heavy loss to contending Interests, may, it is hoped, be useful -In promo tion of harmonious action for larger de velopment on the Lower Columbia and our Western Coast region. If these large interests, instead of fighting each other, will "get together" and work for legitimate ends, great good will result to the country. For any country there is more development and more business In legitimate transport rates than in cut-throatt war between carriers. The slow progress that Oregon makes is due very largely to the fact that no sufficient attention has been given to opening the resources of the country. The necessary development must come mainly through .those who are In the transport business. They are the chief dependence for opening the country and getting Its resources into contact with markets. When their strength shall be expended In this direction rather than in trying to fight each other out of the hitherto existing narrow field, Import ant results will be realized. The country 'does not want cheaper transportation than can be afforded without loss; it wants development of new business. PROTECTION TO WOOL. Louisville Courier-Journal. The discussion of changes In the tariff laws Is kept up In a desultory way,. No radical revision Is expected under the present conditions, but the demand for a change Is not confined to those who de sire a reduction or to those who wish to strike the trusts. As usual, the wool men are not happy. There are two sides to the wobl question. represented by the growers and the manu facturers. The former think they need more protection, than that -given by the Dlngley bill, and grumble about the decline that has taken place within 12 months. The manufacturers think that the tariff 6n wool is too high, but they are largely Intimidated by the threat that free wool means free woolens; that If the tax on the raw material be removed or reduced there must be a corresponding reduction In the duty on manufactures of wool. Wool has been characterized as the "keystone of the protection arch," be cause it has held so many farmers to the support of a system that Is very costly to them In the long run. Experience has shown, however, that there Is a neces sity of discrimination in this matter. If the tariff on wool had been, removed by the protectionists themselves. It would have arrayed against them a large num ber of voters whose support they had long enjoyed. But free wool at the hands of tariff reformers had an opposite effect. However illogical the tariff on wool may be, since It greatly Increases the price of -woolens to the farmers and everybody else, the political effect, of its removal must be considered, and it will probably be a good, while before there Is a serious effort to remove the duty. Meantime, the present high duty on raw wool Is producing the effect which has often been pointed out by free-traders. The high duties on imported woolens ex clude them as elements of competition except by the payment of greatly advanced prices. But there Is no way to force peo ple to buy woolen goods if they are un willing to pay the price. Higher prices, other things being equal, mean reduced consumption. In the case of woolens, the manufacturers are compelled to meet the demand for goods at a moderate price, and they can only do so by a deterioration of the products. Hence the Increased rise of cotton and shoddy in the manufacture of so-called woolens. This lessens by so much the demand for wool, so that the grower Is unable permanently to realize the advantage which ho expected from high protection. The passage of such an act as the Dlngley law operates as a tem porary stimulant, but the effect of the reduction of consumption and the use of substitutes is very sensibly felt later on. It thus happens that the existing situa tion Is unsatisfactory, both to the grow ers and manufacturers, while the consum ers are compelled to content themselves with fabrics that arc only nominally of wool, or to pay higher prices for the genu ine article. The growers think they would be benefited by higher duties on the raw materials, while the manufacturers, wno would like a reduction, are afraid to In sist on It, for fear of the consequences. The growers, command so much more po litical Influence that they have the manu facturers at their meroy so far as the law Is concerned, though they cannot stop the operation of natural laws, or prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated woolens. Such being the conditions affecting the woolen Industry, there Is no present prob ability of any important change In tariff rates on either the raw material or the finished product. The business suffers In all branches by reason of artificial devices to help it. BELIEVES IN EVOLUTION; Addresses Union A "Working Wheelman" urges a workmgman's "hurry to get to his work on time" as an excuse for bicycie rlding upon the sidewalks. The better, safer and more certain way of avoiding disagreeable consequences, either by being late or getting arrested for viola tion of a wholesome ordinance, would be to set the alarm fifteen minutes earlier, rise promptly to Its summons, and get a good start to work. This would Involve no great hardship to the individual, while it would give him comfort in the assurance of being on time, even if such an obstacle -as a mudpuddle in the street rendering It necessary for him to alight and walk his wheel for a few minutes on the sidewalk should delay him. The principle involved in the at tempt to secure the greatest good for the greatest number requires at times some individual sacrifice, but usually, as in this instance, such sac rifice is not great. -which was regarded with contempt by Americans, who were building railroads j him an undue share In the earnings of and Lake vessels and developing coal. Iron and copper mines, which returned greater dividends in one year than the his joint endeavor with labor. In order for him to amass his millions, a so called protective tariff has forced the Soreigflers were reaping in three. Na- consumers of this country to pay two Doubtless It IS fortunate for the Ad ministration that the Supreme Court failed to pass upon the Philippines case, for it is difficult to see how It could have avoided invalidating all duties col lected in or out from Manila since the treaty of peace was ratified. The status of Philippines duties Is precisely that of those in the Delima case, decided against the Government. Senator Lodge seems inclined to stand on the Spooner bill, but this is of doubtful authority for full Dlngley1 rates, In view of the decision that the treaty of peace made 'Porto Rico domestic territory, and in any event more than two years elapsed between ratification of the treaty and enactment of the Spooner bill. Congress will have to proceed betimes with a Philippine tariff bill. This will bring the dependency question to the front, and with it the trusts and the tariff. In view of German Insolence to Amer ican soldiers in China and renewed agrarian outbreaks against our im ports, it Is about time we had another complaint from" Berlin that they can't understand American distrust of Ger man friendship. Rev. Dr. Strong: Theological Seminary Alumni. ' New York Sun. The Alumni Association of the Union Theological Seminary held its annual meeting yesterday in the chapel of the seminary building. The programme of the occasion included an address by the Rev. Dr. Augustus Strong, president oi the Rochester Theological Seminary, In the course of which he Indicated that he not only accepted the general theory of evolution, but held that the Bible like other literature is a product of evo lution. This was Interesting in view of the fact that at a recent examination a Union Seminary student was rejected by a Presbyterian examining board on the ground that he had accepted the theory of evolution. Dr. Strong said: "There has been an evolution of doc trine just as there has been an evolu tion of the drama, just as there has been an evolution of nature. Evolution of nature Is still going on: so Is the evolu tion of Scripture. The Bible as a book is complete; but the meaning to us of the truth of the Bible is constantly chang ing, just as the meaning of nature is constantly changing under scientific scru tiny. "The Bible is not free from error, and men of all ages have regarded it as their right to criticise the Scriptures. Ezeklel criticised tho Bible when he said, 'God gave his people statutes that were not good.' The people were too sinful for good statutes. Christ criticised the Old Testament laws concerning divorce and ceremonial purity, yet he did not think that by doing so he was destroying the Scriptures. He said: 'I came not to destroy the law, but to fulfill the law.' "The right to judge the Scripture be longs to no ecclesiastical body, but to every member of the church. The church Is not an ecclesiastical organization, but a company of saints, each of whom Is as great an authority as any other. The fact that each individual may interpret the Bible for himself does not make in dividual conviction supreme, because, while using reason, we make Christ the supreme and infallible authority In re "Swnm Niagara Twice." Chicago Becord-Herald. In boasting the prowess of the numer ous athletes who more or less adorn the House of Commons the London Express sings the praises of W. H. Grenfell, rep resenting Bucks, "who has coached and entertained the Oxford eight for many years at his riverside house, Tallow Court. He was president of the O. U. B. C. In 1S79, and among his other aquatic feats has stroked an Oxford eight across the channel and swum Niagara twice." How great a feat of athletics or daring stroking an Oxford eight across the chan nel may bo we know not, but all America will take off its hat to the man who has "swum Niagara twice." We regret that our. London contemporary has not vouch safed the Information as to whether Mr. Grenfell swum Niagara up, down or across, above or below. In a boat or safe ly ensconced In a barrel. Men who have "swum Niagara twice" should accompany their claims to fool hardlness with dates and specifications. NO HEREDITARY DRUNKENNESS. Chicago Tribune. A committee, of 14 scientific experts and physicians regarding the heredity of ine briety, after ail Investigation of IS months reports that the drunkenness of a father cannot produce the same vice In the son that Inebriety Is nonheredltary. This agrees with the conclusion anounced by Dr. Leslie E. Keeley in a book Issued a few years ago. The London commission's verdict la also a further triumph for the germ-plasm Idea of Welsmann, which has so profoundly modlfled the evolutionary theory In the last few years. The report says there is no proof that acquired char acters of any kind are heritable. As applied to the subject of drunkenness this verdict of the scientists must have a profound effect upon the moral questions Involved. Temperance reformers have al ways urged that each man's drinking tends to make his children drunkards. Science appears to be rendering this ar gument worthless. It la true that drunk enness often runs In families. Thi3 Is ac counted for partly by the Influence of en vironment and example to which the child is exposed and partly by the nervous tem perament, which Is heritable. Tha father can transmit to the son the taint with which he himself was born, but no amount of right living can decrease that taint and no amount of debauchery can increase it In the child. This is Welsmannlsm pure and simple as It prevails at present in the world of science. The London experts do not deny, how ever, that drunkards are liable to have degenerate children. The point denied is that such children are any more likely to be drunkards than to show some other form of degeneracy. Dr. Keeley holds in his book, "The Non-Heredity of Inebrie ty," that the strength of will acquired In resisting the temptation to drink Is trans mitted to the next generation, and that self-imposed abstinence would In a few generations put an end to the drink evil. Welsmannlsm denies that this or any other acquired character can be transmit ted. Thus the London scientists look for reform only through the elimination of the unfit. They say that alcohol, by kill ing Its victims, weeds out o every nation the individuals who most enjoy it. Their .conclusion by no means removes all In centives to temperance, but It destroys the argument that a drunken father Is morally respohslble for an Inebriate son. The moralists and reformers will have to readjust their logic on this point. gomfhom oregox. Fine Display of Nusscts and Ores at Buffalo. Buffalo Courier, May 22. Systematic effort to convey practical Information both to the savant and the average sightseer Is the feature which most impresses in Oregon's splendid ex hibit in the Mining building. Commissioner Frederick R. Mellis, of Baker City, who has had charge of the Installation of thl3 exhibit, has seen to It that the different specimens are not only properly classified, but that each sample bears in plain, legible type a label telling what it is, where it came from and other Information of Interest concerning It. Calculated to arouse one's cupidity, Is an array of gold nuggets, one of the most Interesting features of the Exhibit. These range in value from ?1 to JGOO each, and with the exception of one small gold brick, are all virgin old. For those who desire practical Infoimatlon, large chunks of quartz are displayed on a massive cen ter table, each specimen carrying a label which gives the name and location of the mine from which It came, the width of the ledge, the value of the ore. and other Information applying to that particular property. The walls are lined with glass cases containing thousands of attractive specimens. At Saturday night's reception In tho Mining building, Oregon played a promi nent part. Commissioner Mellis present ed each guest ulth a handsome-souvenir of the occasion, the memento being a Jewelry casket containing rich specimens, oi ore irom uregon mines. Oregon has not only completely Installed its mineral exhibit,, but of all the states it is the first to announce complete instal lation in every department in which It makes a showing mines, agriculture, horticulture, forestry and educatlbn. H. E. Dosch, superintendent of all the Ore gon exhibits, has been the recipient of many congratulations on account of the celerity with which the Installation has been accomplished, but In acknowledging them he simply says: "Oh, that's the way we do things out in Oregon." One War to Look at It. Philadelphia Times. The constitutional convention, which Is In session In Alabama, has for Its chief aim the disfranchisement of the negro voters of that state. Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana have in recent months changed elr fundamental law with this sole ob ject in view, and. the Federal Constitution has been trampled under foot In each in stance. If the negro is to remain a citizen with suffrage privileges, he should be pro tected In that right by Federal statutes. If the separate states continue to dis franchise him, the penalty of loss of rep resentation should be enforced. Negro suffrage In the South has not, been a suc cess, and this failure Is emphasized by the disregard of the Nation of the fla grant violations of the express spirit and letter of the Federal Constitution. Far better to legally decitizenize the negro by repeal of the franchise law than to dis credit our basic laws by total Indifference to their reckless nullification. K0TE AND COMMENTS Twq dollars Is a good deal of money to pay to, go to Astoria. People are all ready to arbitrate tilt they get into a dispute. He that conquereth West Point Is grea er than he who taketh AgulnaIdok- Of course, the cotton duck trust will ex tend its tent-acles. P. S. This one was sent in. Colonel Milts begins to look-like the than who ought to command the Army In the next war. In reference to the Oregon's need of. repairs it may be said that "ybu. just ought to see the other fellow." The Cuban Constitutional Convention la apparently almost equal to the task cX electing a United States Senator. The Sultan has decided to let In type writers after all. He evidently is think ing of contributing a little fiction to the magazines. Emperor William Is not going to allow any reporters to hear him speak In the future. William must be beginning to appreciate how his speeches look In print. Oh! there's thrilling-. tlrring muale In the bugle's rlnglns blast An4 our ftet ktp time tojwther When the band ijoea marching past; There Is feeling In the orzan. - With Its deap. majestic roll. That awakes a chord r?onslva i Somewhere deep within one's oul;. But no sound can ever atlr me. Ever make me live and feel. Like the bubbling of the riffles And the mualc ot the rel. A story is told ot a Scottish minister traveling in Belgium, who, on arriving at Bruges, looked about for a cloakroom. His acquaintance with the language of the country, was, however, so Imperfect that he failed to make the porter in at tendance understand what he wished. Be ing a man of resource, It flashed across his mind to try a Latin phrase likely to be understood In a Roman Catholic coun try. "Requlescat In pace," said he, point ing to his property. The porter smiled, nodded his head to show that he caught the traveler's meaning, snatched up the portmanteau and took It off to the place where "left luggage" was kept. What Is called an Art Industrial So ciety has been organized In Pittsburg, which, lf it carries out Its purposes, will have much to commend It. The object of the society Is to forward the appli cation of the principles of art in tha work of the artisan and manufacturer and to bring into closer affiliation the arts and crafts. There are many craftsmen engaged In the work of making ornamen tal iron, bookmaklng. art decoration and In turning out material Intended for house hold ornamentation. It Is among the ob jects of the association to Induce the Im provement In artistic style of crany or dinary articles used in the household. To do this It will be necessary to have the manufacturers and their workmen cooperate. They were talking about queer ways of making money. "There is a man up town," said a wholesale liquor dealer, "who has a monoply In his business; at least. I know of no opposition in his line, and I think I would know of it If he had. His game Is to extract whisky from empty barrels. He buys the casks, takes them to his place of business andvsub Jects them to a secret process. I have heard it said that he gets a gallon of whisky from every barrel, but I can: scarcely credit this. He told me once that the liquor he extracts from the wood possesses some peculiar property that pre vents It from blending with other whis kies; so that he has to dispose of it in Its natural state. Even at that, he has made a lot of money. Where does he sell it? To the lowest groggerles, the places where 5-cent drinks are demanded. There are lots of such places In New York." After helping their men to get the li cense law and the Sunday law passed, tthe boss barbers are certainly in hard luck to And themselves confronted by a general strike. Effort is making this week to com- plete the contemplated subscription In aid of the Y. M. C. A. Response should be general and liberal. The fulL amount should be raised. The memorial spirit Is abroad In the land. Divested of all acrimony begot ten In civil strife; reverent, tender ready to honor the patriot dead whether they were laid to rest in the blue ok the gray; softening the heart of human- The Pacific Northwest League Is play- ity with the gentle touch of kinship in ing the best baseball in the United loss and grief, this spirit comes with j states. A Southern Poet. Boston Herald. Here's more inspiration for the poet who Is In advance of his times. The peo ple ot Charleston, S. C, have recently ded icated a monument to Henry TImrod, a local poet, who died of quick consump tion In 1867, In the' direst poverty. One of the panels of the monument bears this inscription: . Through clouds and throuch sun shine, in peace and in war, amid the stress of poverty and the storms ot civil strife, his soul never faltered and his purpose never failed. To his poetic mission he was faithful to the end In life and In death he was "not disobedient unto the heavenly vision." The admirers of TImrod believe that the small volume of verses which represents his life work will be Immortal. Roosevelt as an Oracle. Chicago Chronicle. Mr. Roosevelt's association with the President seems to have had the1 effect of Imparting a McKInleyish flavor to his ora tory. In discussing some of tha "prob lems" of the day at Buffalo the Vice President said: "If we can assure pros perity to the farmer and mechanic, the prosperity of the remainder need not trouble us; it will follow as a matter of course." No more oracular utterance ever was attributed to the sage of Canton at any time, whether he was making laws In behalf of selected Industries In Congress or enforcing them as President. Sons of the Fife and Dram. New York Evening Sun. We sins the eons of the soldier, And' we sing on the firing line; "We ning: when the cannon bellow. And we sing where tho bullets whine. Wo chanted our song at Concord, "With a chorus at Bunker Hill; The music we made at Yorktown "Was the dirge of a tyrant's will. The "rat-tat-a-ratl" of the drum And the ahrlek of the fife say, J'ComaI" "Come out where the great guns bellow; To the front, where the bullets whine l" "We sing the song ot the soldier. And we sing on the firing If net PLEASANTRIES OP PARAGRAPHIAS Vanity. Not Love. "She's very fond of him. Isn't she?" "Well. I don't think ana's as fond of him as she is fond of having people remark; that ho la fond of her." Philadelphia Press. Tho Sequel. "1 have written a article on How to Live on S2 50 a Week," " he ex plained to the editor. "Well." said the edi tor, "you had better write the sequel to It." "I do not understand." "Why, "How to (Jet the $2 DO.' " Baltnnore American. Then We Gt the Flgurta "Ona never knows a man's real value until he Is dead," commented the thoughtful woman. "True? replied the worldly woman. "Previous to that we can speculate on the amount ot life In surance that he carries." Chicago Post. He Chansed the SubJect.-Mr. Newlywed If If I should be killed by this automobile, Marie, I want no weeping at my funeral. X want everybody to be cheerful. Mrs. Newly wed Nonsense, John. I shall have to weep a little just for the looks of the thing. Judge. Changed Her Mind. Lady Visitor Well, Malale, I have come after that new baby; jou know you told me last week)-lhat you didn't want K. and that I could take It home. Malsfe Well, ou can't have It. X want It myself now; but I'll get you a- piece of paper and you can cut a pattern. Leslie's Weekly. We sing the eong of the soldier The hymn ot the strenuous life. And the hearts ot men beat quicker At the sound of the drum and fife. We sang the song of the Union And the praise of the slaiea made free. We sang la the flght: for freedom For an Isle of the Southern sea. The "rat-tat-a-ratt" of the drum And the shriek of the fife say. "Cornel" "Come where there's danger and glory, On the fields where the bullets whine!" We sing the song Of the soldier. And we sing on the firing line. We sing of the song of the soldier We're -the band of the battle strife The sword and the bayonet clash To the music of drum and fife. We rally the line and hold it, Nor reason the right nor the wrong No cowards march to our music We play for the brave and the strong; The "rat-tat-a-ratl" of the drum And the shriek of the flfe aay. "Cornel" A dash to death or to glory Forward march I where the bullets whine I We aing the song of the soldier. J And we sing on the firing line! The Austrian Reieharnth. Lowell O. Reese In San Francisco Bulletin, , Oh, the Speaker took his gavel and he hit tha desk a bang, , While the echoes peremptory through th classic building rang; Then he called the house to order with. "Illus trious gentlemen. Here the prldo of all the Nation comes togeth er once again I Let us emulate the doings of the others who have gone. And do our' duty jealously! Colleagues, tho strife la on!" Then each statesman tcok his neighbor by his natrlarchal beard. Gave him uppercuts and wallops, while the happy rabble cheered; Oh, the floor was strewn with wisdom teeth and blood and brains and hair; Cuspidors and hurtling table legs were darken ing the air. There were cries and groans and curses weird and horrible to hear: The death rattle of the dying and the shriek ot deadly fear. Then the Speaker rapped for order. "Fellow citizens," said he, "Such a wondrous demonstration sends a thrill ing over me! Tve attended other Relchsraths that were full ot bloody bliss. But not one. oh, fellow patriots,, that could compare with this! We will now adjourn the meeting lor a little while.' he said, "While the Janitor geta action on thai-dying and the dead!" The Dreamers). Atlanta Constitution. Drenmln' o the good times that's the way we go; But the good times come to fellers that plow; an reap, an" sow! Tbe harvest la a-waltln' the seed that's in tha . soil: Night's the time fer dreamln', an day's the time fer toil. Oreamin' o' the good times don't make" 'era 1 come along. It's hard to weave your slghln into a wreath o' aong. Tho world is still Invitln' the seed to, break tha ' soil; Night's the time fer dreamln', an' day's the time fer4oH. fujAi- uJ.fe.- .V fJ-JfrY-.rliMi..A igltaStefa&)fcfc..' fib. 4uL i jyalj& xJiiifc. tf -jJASMjtl dtfrfe j&Tas&afliE .-.x arU . 9i&imil!M&!ii!&A