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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 3, 1901)
--1 6 THE MOTtNittG OREGTOOTAN, FRIDAY, MAY 3, 1901. v8Qomaxu Entered at tfaeSostoffice at Portland, Oregon, gjgecona-c3ftn8r anatter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Booms.'.. ..166 Business Office. ..067 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall frost&ge prepaid). In Advance Daily; with Sunday, erinbnth. ........$ S5 Dally, Sunday -excepted, per year......... 7 SO Dally, wlthundar. per year .... 9 00 Sunday, per year ............ ........... 2 00 The "Weekly, per year ...... .... ....... 1 50 The "Weekly. S months CO To City Bjibscribers Daily, per week, delivered, Sundays excepted.l5 Daily, per week, delivered. Sundays lncluded-20c POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada, and Mexico: 10 to 16-page paper...... J..........-..v.....lc 16 to S2-page paper. .'2c Foreign rates double. Xews or discussion intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "'Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to ad eras ing, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The -Oregonlan, does not buy poems or stories ircm Individuals, and cannpt undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it "without eollcl tatlon. Ko stamps should be Inclosed tor this purposei Fuget. Sound JJureau-rCaptaln A Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific aeriue, Tacoma. Box 853, Tacoma Postofflce. Eastern Business Office 47, 48. 49 and B0 Tribune building, New Tork City; 409 "The Rookery," Chicago; the S. C Beckwith special agency. Eastern representative. For sale In 5ah Francisco by J. X. Cooper. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros, 236 Sutter street; F.W. Pitts. 1008 aVk 6treet; Foster & Orear, Ferry Sews stand. " ' For sale in Los Angeles by B F. Gardner. 259 So Spring street, and OIU er & Haines, 106 Bo Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street. Tor tale In Omaha by H. C. Shears. 105 N. Sixteenth street, and Barjcalow Bros., id2 Farnam street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. Second South street. On file in "Washington. D. C.. with A. TV. Dunn, COO 14th N. W- For sale In Denver. Colo . by Hamilton & Kendrick, 906012 Seventh street. and to merge his fancy In Old Oregon, let him go back to Joe Meek and "Who's for a divide?" TODAT'jg WEA-THEB, Fair and warmer; xorthwes$erJ winds. PORTXAJVB, FRIDAY, MAY 3, 1001. "WHP'S FOR A DIVIDE V The weight of events aggravates -with time. Their significance increases with the flow o years. The Trojan "War, a trifling -episode, has become the most momentous, point in history. The landing of fhe. Pilgrims, of scant im portance at the time, is now the birth of a great Nation. The Institution of gov ernment at, Champoeg, May 2, 1843, a relatively slight occurrence, is now one of the grandest phenomena of civilized progress. Thus does the judicial test of time show the true meaning and bearing of events. By this test a social happen ing, scarcely noticed when enacted, may be exalted above another which raised public mind to a ferment A John Brown episode may excite the passions of a Nation, but "Who's for a divide?" may have place over It in so cial causes. Joe Meek's words were not premedi tated. The climax was spontaneous,, as Is every genuine climax. He followed impulse, nothing else, and was wholly unconscious of its historic significance. Real history is not made objectively, although it may be swayed by a pre eminent mma, for under human limita tions it Is impossible to calculate se quences with certainty. Only after a lapse of years whereby historic tend encies may manifest themselves can we generalize the effect of any episode. Plf ty-elght years have elapsed since the event at Champoeg, so that we can now begin to trace the sequences of "Who's for a divide?" Individual men are agents of th so cial process rather than originators of it, although now they are learning the art of objective creation. Men are un conscious workers of their artificial en vironment, for when a crlsscomes, if they have objective consciousness they forget it They who have changed mankind have oftenest done so without subjective reference, and as often as their conscious efforts have predomi nated they generally have failed. Joe Meek acted by Impulse, not by calcula tion. In the sense that great acts are unpremeditated and in line with a social purpose not observed until afterward, we celebrate those acts. But as senti ment and imagination rule the human mind, we canonize the workers of social destiny, and In so doing we often confuse the significance of the event in the sentimental expression. Therefore, when a man stirs a people to action with "Who's for a divide?" at the same time we are honoring him, we ought not to forget to celebrate the event We have set up a granite shaft at Champoeg as a milestone to mark the progress of chil institutions. As spon taneous as joe .week's oration of a dozen words was the social organization of the new society. It was wholly free of consciousness, although it had an ob jective purpose. The new society had immediate needs, which it sought to meet Its members came together by an Instinctive impulse as natural as that of self-preservation. They were moved by an unseen motive, but did not stop to study it What made them unanimous, they no more inquired into than what carried them across the con tinent in a movement without historic precedent Likewise they did not ask themselves -nhy they wanted an Amer ican system of government They were Americans, and this was enough. At this day analytical reflection has come to be more or less of a fad. Govern ment oy our conscious effort to study it has .come to be somewhat of an ab straction. With them government was utilitarian solely. They were quite aware, from their ethnical gift of po litical perception, that they had met f people of another political system and that they must choose between their own and that other. And because they were Americans- they -could but choose their own. But even if they had an-, alyzed the thrilling Champoeg episode. It would, have brought them to nothing. Events may be studied only from per spective, Even yet the full meaning of Joe Meek's words is burled except bo far as fifty-eight years have re vealed it Although the framers of the first gov ernment on the Pacific Coast did not make the- political motive within them a subjective study, they had a premoni tion that they were building a heritage for future generations. In their crude way they formed an admirable organ ization and bullded better than they knew. The episode at Champoeg, while Important was not remarkable to them. But it will be looked upon by their fol lowers as a memory -to be cherished. And any man in need of words to thrill his soul, to stimulate his Imagination JLX UPHILL FIGHT. The New Tork legislature has passed a bill giving women taxpayers in vil lages and towns the right to vote on proposals to raise money by tax or as sessment This measure is hailed by Susan B. Anthony as "the entering wedge which will result in the early adoption of full woman suffrage by New Tork." Miss Anthony exclaims that "the victory is in sight" The bill passed by the votes of many of the same legislators who have always op posed the proposal of full woman suf frage. There was no such opposition on part of men or women to the request for the grant of suffrage to women tax payers on proposals to raise money by tax or assessment as there always has been on the part of men and women to the grant of suffrage for all women at all elections. The bill passed pro vides that women taxpayers may vote on proposals to raise money by tax or assessment but it does not Include the rlcht to vote for the officials who di rect the expenditure of the money. There are believed to be 900 towns and villages In the state to which the prop osition applies, in which there are about 400,000 possible women voters. This Is the solitary woman suffrage victory of all the Legislative sessions of 1901. It is the Indifference or oppo sition to full suffrage on the part of the women that is fatal to the appeal. Where the women show that they want full suffrage, as they did in Colorado and Idaho, they get it. but full suffrage for women does not appear to be re garded as a "long-felt want" that no family should be without In any states save Colorado, Utah, Idaho and Wyo ming. In 1900 every proposal for woman suffrage, full or limited, was voted down In Oregon, Washington, Ohio, Iowa, New Tork, Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, "Vermont, Illinois, Okla homa, Arizona, Indiana, Missouri, Mich igan, California, South Dakota. Lim ited female suffrage of the sort just granted in New Tork already exists In some form, mainly as to taxation or se lection of school officers. In twenty-four states, but its exercise Is generally neg lected by the women, save when their sectarian prejudices are excited, as they were In Boston, over the election of Catholics to the School Board, or in Kansas, when the excitement following Mrs. Nation's saloon-smashing antics flrew out a large woman vote in the mu nicipal elections. It Is very much with women as It is with men; they get what they earnestly ask In the mass of their Legislature. What only a few men want and many men oppose is seldom enacted, and so the women find it What only a few want the many do not grant So long as women by a large majority In every state aggressively oppose the grant of full woman suffrage, a small minority of women cannot expect that it will be enacted. General Wilson expresses the opinion that "with the increase of importations which Is steadily going on and an in crease of duty to, say, 15 per cent ad valorem, in gold, to enable the Chinese Government to indemnify the foreigners for their losses in the Boxer War, the annual receipts from customs would be increased to $120,000,000 in gold at an early date." If the whole administration of China's imperial revenue were placed in charge of a foreign commission, like that which under the English Lord Cromer admin isters the fiscal affairs of Egypt, doubt less this greatly Increased revenue set forth by General Wilson could he ob tained, but otherwise It would be Im possible? Great Britain, it is reported, does not favor the increase of the cus toms from 5 per cent to 15 per cent ad valorem. The United States has always been willing to permit the Chinese to increase customs rates, providing there was no discrimination between the pow ers. It Is not likely that Great Britain will long persist in her opposition to the increase of the customs rate without the support of the United States, which next to Great Britain had the largest trade with China at the outbreak of the Boxer War. HOW MUCH CHINA CAX PAY. China maintains that her resources are too small to permit her to pay the total Indemnity, which has been as sessed by the committee of the powerb at Pekln at $273,000,000. The subject of the financial resources of China Is treat ed at length by General James H. Wil son, United States Army, In his recently published book on China. The sources of the imperial revenue are five, viz., the land tax, the salt monopoly, the "Ukin," or transit due's collected on in land commerce: the maritime customs, and, lastly, the money accruing from "contributions," "assessments" and subscriptions, and also from the sale of official rank and titles. The yield of the land tax for all the provinces should amount to 32,845,474 taels of silver (a tael Is worth about 70 cents in gold), and to 4,356,382 plculs of rice, or to about 40,000,000 taels In all. General Wilson deems that with a proper registration of the land and with a rigorous system of collection and accountability, a very much larger revenue, 104,000,000 taels, might be procured from this source. The profits on the sale of salt by thr government and the tax assessed upon the salt are computed at 9,680,000 taels a year, but In General Wilson's opinion the Chinese Government, by a more careful system of administration, might without increasing the cost of salt to the consumer derive from that com modity a revenue of 20,000,000 taels. The "Ukin," a tax levied on all classes of goods in transit, Is not an ad valorem but a specific duty, assessed on each bale, box, piece or picul. The sum ob tained batie,! imperial treasury from this source-r does mot exceed 11,000,000 taels. The actual yield from the sale of honors and titles and of the taxes levied for licenses and under the name of contributions, assessments and sub scriptions, was placed in 1885 at only 1,500,000 taels, which General Wilson says is scarcely a tenth part of what It ought to be. The maritime customs arise from a duty of 5 per cent ad va lorem In silver on all foreign merchan dise. These duties are collected by corps of officials representing nearly all na tionalities, Sir Robert Hart being Inspector-General. Under his manage ment the annual receipts have grown from about 4,000,000 taels to an average of over 22,000,000 taels net. A further sum of 5,000,000 taels is collected annu ally at native maritime and Inland Custom-Houses. "From these figures it will be seen that the annual revenu derived from all kinds of taxes by the Chinese Imperial Government in 1885 did not exceed 73,500,000 taels. or about $5L450,000 gold. General Wilson insists that the "likln," an intolerable tax which greatly retards and represses In ternal trade, might be abolished, and that nevertheless, the public revenue of China could be trebled by resurvey and reassessment of the taxable lands and by an Increase of the tariff on foreign goods to 15 per cent ad valorem In gold. This would Increase the annual reve nue to the following figures: Land tax, 104.000,000 taels; salt tax, 10,000,000 taels; miscellaneous taxes, 2,500,000 taels; total, 116,500,000 taels, equivalent In American gold to $81,550,000, to which should be added the receipts from mari time customs, which, under the In creased tariff proposed, would be. It Is asserted, $75,000,000 In gold. The final aggregate would thus be $156,550,000. General Wilson says that if these fiscal changes were made and the expenses of the Chinese Government were kept as they could be by economical adminis tration, at $51,500,000 In gold, there would be left about $100,000,000 a year to pay Interest on foreign loans and indemnities for injuries and damages to foreigners. On page 198 of; .his book AMERICAN TRADE IN FRANCE. The consensus of Consular opinion and advice in regard to methods for increasing or creating American trade in foreign countries is summed up in the words. "Study the wants, the customs and the tastes of the people." Walter T. Griffin, a commercial agent at Lim oges, France, tells in a bulletin recently sent out by the State Department some things that manufacturers must learn if they would meet -with success the demands of the French trade. He ask? them to remember that it is no proof or reason that because a certain article finds a ready sale in this country It will sell abroad. He mentions In this con nection two letters from American ex porters recently received at his office, the one desiring to introduce refrigerat ors, the other kitchen ranges having hot-water backs. A careful study of that consular dis trict showed that but two private houses therein contained refrigerators, tnese in both instances being owned by Americans, who had brought the arti cles over with other household effects; and two ranges having hot-water backs, also in houses belonging to Americans. Here, It would seem, was a wide and open field for the manufacturers of these articles, but in point of fact the reverse is true. The people there know nothing and care nothing about refrig erators, ice being a commodity used by them only in sickness. The Winters are so damp that practically no Ice can be collected, and a taste for Ice, so to speak, has not been cultivated by the people. It follows, of course, that the refrigerator would in such a country find no sale, and that practically no market could be worked up for It. Ranges with hot-water backs are In the same category, being unknown to these people, and It will no doubt be many years before such articles are re quired. On the other hand, the plain, simple base-burner, using bituminous coal, would find a ready, sale there if manufactured especially for the French market and to suit the French taste. Another example of the difference in French and American standards of household comfort and convenience is found in the fact that rocking chairs are not popular with the French people, and consequently the market for them Is extremely limited; Instead of these, plain chairs such as have been 'used In "France for centuries still meet the wants and ideas of these people, and they, as the authority quoted believes, "will continue to do so for another hun dred years." The same rule applies to many other articles, deemed indispensa ble in American households. They are unsalable In France, for the simple rea son that people neither know nor care anything about them. There Is no de mand, hence supply is practically shut out. The lessons In these lines that are be ing given as a result of consular inquirj are invaluable to the American manu facturer and exporter. Upon the vigor with which they are presented and the commercial intelligence awakened thereby depend the substantial growth of American trade, not only In France and other European countries, but ir the Orient and In our Insular posses sions. Demand must precede supply In minor articles of manufacture that are distinctly American, just as it has done in the case of our structural iron and steel products and locomotives. The need of trained Consuls for the promo tion of our manufacturing Interests abroad Is clearly manifested in state ments bearing upon these points which the Government places in detail from day to day, through advance sheets of consular reports, circulated throughout the country. favors the validity of such a divorce. Where the decree has not been one sided, divorces secured by bona fide re moval after the actual acquisition of; a new domicile, in proceedings in which both parties to the divorce took part are not affected by the decision in ques-, tion, which simply affirms old law when it says that "the matrimonial domicile can only be altered by joint action." The "Viceroy of Canton has abolished the privileges of the Manchus, who henceforth will be treated the same as the Chinese. The Manchu tribe num bers now not more than 1,000,000. Its members reach office by appointment without competition. Selection Is a mat ter of birth and personal favoritism. The title of the Manchu to preference rests on a conquest two and a half cen turies old. On the other hand, the gen eral body of the Chinese officers owe their posts to competitive examination. Under this system the poorest boy in China may rise to distinction, even as LI Hung Chang has risen from the lower middle class to the head of the empire. When these Chinese "Viceroys reach Pekln they find half of the higher posts held by Idle, ignorant, incompe tent Manchu Princes and nobles. To day the new General Board of State Affairs, recently announced frbm Pekln, Is to be half Manchu and half Chinese, with a Manchu, Pririce Chlng, for pres ident There will be "no real reform or progress in China "until this dual board is extinct at Pekln, and replaced by a Chinese administration made up from the Viceroys and Governors. What has been done In Canton must be done also In Pekln; the barbarous, obsolete pref erence of a Manchu over p. Chinese is utterly unjust and, absolutely Impolitic. The Manchu is born in the purple; by right of birth he is qualified for ap pointment over a Chinese who has qual ified through competition. The Manchu tribe is an exppnslve, dangerous para site on the body politic of China. Colonel Charles R Greenleaf, Chief Surgeon of the division of the Philip pines, in his report of February 15, 1901, says that the strength of the command at that date was 59,312, and the per centage of sick to command present was 7.57. Colonel Greenleaf save that In view of the comments of the press in the United States regarding the preva lence of drunkenness among troops In the Philippines, It may be interesting to note that for the year, ending Decem ber 31, 1900, there have been treated in military hospitals in Manila only 9J cases of aoute and chronic alcoholism; the total number of cases treated dur ing this period In these hospitals Is 21, 480, giving a percentage of cases of alco holism of .04 plus. This condition of freedom from alcoholism was obtained under the canteen system, and these figures are a complete answer to the lurid tales circulated by prohibitionist demagogues concerning the "ravages of rum in the Army because of the can teen." Corporal F. B. Wilson, Company H, Forty-sixth United States Volun teers, In a letter to the Patriotic Re view from Corregidor Island, February 4, says: There ia a lady here from California working among the Jioys, and she .belongs to. the Wom an's Christian Temperance Union She has been here a long time, and understands the canteen far better than her sisters at home On a trip to Manila we discussed the matter, and she is In favor of the canteen, for Bhe has been where there was none, and found such a different as to convert her at once In Its favor. Whereo there was no post exchange, or can teen as it is called, she found drunken and rqugh soldiers, but she sees only the best of order here and no drunkenness whatoier. Now this lady knows what she is talking about. PROTECTION FOR TRDSTS. Net-f Tork Journal of Commerce. WhenMr. Babcock; of Wisconsin, intro duced a bill In Congress putting Iron and steel, and generally the products of trusts, upon the free list It .was his Individual act', and it. was quite uncertain what amount of public sentiment was behind him. He didit under the Impulse of the creation of the United States Steel Cor poration, and it was not certain that his own .disposition would remain unchanged after the excitement of this affair had blown over. The incident was a small one. It Is no longer small. Mr. Babcock has repeated with added emphasis the senti ments he uttered when he introduced his bill. In the meanwhile he has been West and talked with the people, and he would not be renewing his declaration that iron and steel and some other products should be put on the free list if he were not quite confident that he had the. sentiment of his party in his section with him. Mr. Babcock's" move is not so much against trust-made goods as such as t is against the imposition of duties which yield very small revenue, and which are not needed for purposes of protection from foreign competition. Therefore, it Is a wider, as well as a stronger, move than It appeared. It Is the proposal of the chairman of the Republican Congres sional Committee, after revisiting his state, to revise the tariff according to the early theories of protection. These theories were simple, and from certain points of view defensible. They assumed that the costs of production were greater in a country behind others in its mechani cal development, and that factories would not be established within it unless they were protected from the competition of countries already, well eauipped for me chanical production. A later development of the doctripe. was that higher wages meant high cost of production, and there fore protection was still needed after the mechanical development nad reached a full equality with other countries. In truth the wages were not the same thing as the cost of labor; they were high be cause productivity was great; they were high when the cost of production was so low as to remove all occasion for protec tion. But this did not appear on the face of the matter, and most men do not analyze very deeply. Whatever the facts were the theory was preserved that the cost of j production was higher here than abroad, and for that reason the American indus tries were protected. The recent export business has prpved that many of our products, especially steel, are more cheap ly produced here than abroad. "Why, then, should they be protected at home from that foreign competition which they go to the ends of the earth to seek? That is the question Mr. Babcock asks and the one that his Republican constitu ents have been asking him. "The ques tion will be brought squarely to the Re publican party In the next campaign," he says. "Why do you permit a tariff to re main on articles which can be produced more cheaply here than elsewhere? What answer will be made to that proposition? ' The politicians and manufacturers who happen to be personally Interested will find It difficult to, answer that question, and with each succeeding year the diffi culty will grow. In. spite of higher wages the products of the converter' and the rolling mill are produced here cheaper than abroad. Selling to foreigners at prices lower than those at home does very well as an emergency policy, but as a permanent policy it is calculated to excite question, reflection, hostility. The ex clusion of foreign commodities from our markets by the aid of the tariff which can be excluded by prices that will still be remunerative to our manufacturers Is likely to cause increased discontent. ANOTHER STANFORD RESIGNATION STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Cat, May Z Interest In the Ross Incident Was re vived today by the resignation of Profes sor Arthur O. Lovejoy, associate profes sor of philosophy. In his formal letter of resignation, Professor Lovejoy gives as his reasons the dismissal of Professor Ross last November and the subsequent policy of the university administration. After expressing hie conviction that Ross was dismissed partly because of Mrs. Stanford's objections to the participation of university Instructors In public politi cal meetings, partly because of her ob jections to the specific contents of cer tain of Dr. Ross public utterances and partly because of a fear of vaguely dan gerous social tendencies which it was be lieved that his teachings were likely to foster, Professor Lovejoy continues as follows: "I do not know what Is meant by the somewhat cant phrase 'academic free dom;' it seems to lend itself readily to subtleties of Interpretation. But I cer tainly conceive that the dismissal, for such reasons, of an Instructor whom the president of the university has regarded as a fit person to retain. Involves an abridgement of the liberties which It Is the right and duty of university teachers to demand. Unless the members of our profession show themselves somewhat punctilious In the maintenance of those liberties especially In privately endowed Institutions I do not see how either the dignity of the teachers' position or the leadership and social usefulness of uni versities In, our democratic society can be preserved. It has become Increasingly apparent, however, that the administra tion of this university takes a rather seriously divergent view of the equities involved In the cases that have arisen here during the year. I think It neces sary, therefore, to present my resigna tion." The resignation of Professor Lovejoy has been accepted. His place will be filled by the assistant professor of logic. Professor Charles H. RIeber, of Harvard. WATCHING THE GERMANS. Navy Department May Secure a Coal ing: Station on Venezuelan Coast. WASHINGTON, May 2. Although the matter has never figured before the State Department, the Navy Department has been closely watching the happenings near Margarita Island, off the coast of Venezuela, which have given rise to the report that a German, coaling station Is to be established there. These fact3 have been reported to the department by some of the Naval officers who com manded vessels which have cruised In those waters recently. Last year a Ger man warship spent 10 weeks Jn looking Into the possibilities of Margarita Island, and this fact led to an examination on our own account which developed the presence- In this Important strategic point of one of the finest harbors In South America, the possession of which would afford the United States or any other na tion with a navy practical control of the Panama Canal from the eastern shore. Aside from this Island, some of the best naval authorities hold that the Gulf of Carlaco, on the north coast of Venezuela, offers by far the most advantageous site for an American coaling station. If one is to be located In that part of the world. In view of the reported German surveys In that quarter, the Naval authorities here are showing unusual Interest in the points- available for American use. The State Department never has been called upon specifically to construe the Monroe Doctrine so far as It might relate to at tempts by an European Government to secure a coaling station in the Gulf of Mexico or the Caribbean Sea. The month of April, 1901, on the At lantic Coast is reported to have been one of extraordinary cloudiness and rainfall, not only for New England, but for New York and throughout the Ap palachian Mountain region. Up to April 25 the precipitation of rain at Springfield, Mass., exceeded six inches, and there were but two days out of the twenty-five In which the sun was visi ble from rising to setting. The New York City record up to the night of April 24 shows only seventy-six hours of sunshine altogether out of a total of 303 hours when the sun has been above the horizon, while for the same period in the past twenty-five years the aver age number of hours of sunshine has been 179, and the lowest April record In this respect, within the period noted, is given as 137 hours, in 1894. The total rainfall of the month at New York was 6.25 inches up to midnight of the 24th, against an average of 2.54 inches in thirty-one years. A darker or more continuously wet April has not been seen on the North Atlantic seaboard In thirty years than the month just past. The Federal Supreme Court recently decided that a divorce in a new domi cile cannot.be gained by one party to a marriage contract where the other party to the union has not shared in the change of domicile. That Is, if one of the married pair acquires a residence in Dakota, it Is not good for divorce In the state of original residence or else where unless both went to Dakota to gether, which would imply collusion to procure divorce. This decision means that the Oregon citizen who moved to North Dakota and acquired there a legal residence, later obtaining' a de cree of divorce, and then returning to Oregon, cannot appear in the Oregon courts as one divorced. The North Da kota decree is of no validity in Oregon, and If he married here he could be pros ecuted for bigamy, or could be sued for the support of the wife from whom he had presumptively been divorced. The rule thus laid down, by the United States Supreme Court has long been judicial precedent in practically every state in the Union, and the decision only affirms prevailing conditions. Where one party to a marriage contract secures a divorce by removal to an other state through proceedings In which the other party to the contract refuses to share, remaining In the state of original residence, so that the service Is not personal, but by publication, the divorce Is invalid in the state In which both once resided, and which one has left to obtain a decree. This has been the law in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey for fifty years. But whether, where one changes domicile and the other party accepts service and contests the case by attorney in the new jurisdiction, the decree is valid in the state of original "matrimonial dom icile," is not settled by this decision, but the general tenor of state decisions The action of a street railway com pany In this city In discharging a man from its service who is in the habit of drinking to excess is fully justified If justification before a street-car patrop izlng public is necessary when such a man, while "under the Influence," robs Its till and goes on a spree with thr spolls. Nor does the explanation of the man, when he becomes sober, that he did not realize what he was doing, abate anything from this justification. The patrons of 'street-car companies have a right to demand that the string attached to the "broomstick" be "held by a careful man' who is not subject from any cause to lapses of judgment and responsibility, while self-interest, if no other influence, may be depended upon to anticipate and make this de mand effective with street railway man agers. The steady elimination of the drinking man from service in transpor tation business Is in evidence of the truth of thl3 statement. An American investment of ?8,000,000 in a Manchester factory should warn us against making too sweeping gen eralizations concerning British invest ments in this country. As civilization advances, barriers of nationality will be thrown down more and more. Some day we may even grow enlightened enough in this country to view with equanimity the establishment here of Chinese laundries and Japanese bazaars. Chicago Record-Herald. In discussing his proposition for the abolition of the tariff on manufactured steel and iron products, Representative Babcock declared: "The only opposition I have encountered comes from a class of people who look upon the tariff with a reverence to be paid a Chinese joss to be admired, but not touched." All other people, Republicans and Dem ocrats, ask the question, "Why do you permit a tariff to remain on articles which can be produced here cheaper than else where?" and It admits of no satisfactory answer. It Is eminently the case now that a condition, not a theory, confronts us. The relatively low cost of production makes the retention of the duty as unac ceptable to protectionists as it Is to free traders. For the final purpose of the former Is not to erect a prohibitory wall around the country, but to foster home Industries only until they shall be able to meet the competition of the world. The fact Is that the need of and justi fication for protection on Iron and steel passed away th& moment that the Ameri cans began to undersell In the foreign markets, and that was some time ago. From then on the question has been not whether our Industry suould be sustained against the foreigner, but whether the people of this country should submit to a closed market for the benefit of men who could hold them as a vast perquisite while they were meeting all sorts of prices abroad. No argument can make such a situation fair or reasonable. It hurts protection Itself by finally reduoing it to an absurd ity. One does not protect the greater against the lesser, the strong against the weak. And when the subject of revenue is Introduced the case for the prosecution becomes all the clearer. Even extreme protectionists have advocated the tariff upon the ground that It was a revenue producer. It Is simply one of several ways of raising money for the Govern ment, and. it falls of the desired effect In this particular when conditions like the present discourage importations,. The farmers and laborers whom Mr. Babcock has seen 'in his travels thr6ugh the country are fully alive to the facts and the problems which they present, and with the feeling that exists it is expedient as well as right to make the change that is desired. No party can afford to depend solely upon fetich worshipers. HYDROGRAPHIC BUREAU. Foreign Navies Mnltlng Use of the American Service. ' WASHINGTON, May 2. A great num--ber of inquiries which have recently heen, received from forelgri navies by Captain C. C. Todd, chief hydrographer of the Navy, attest to the remarkable prestige this branch of our naval service has gained abroad. Our hydrographic service is conceded to be more advanced and im portant than that of any other navy In the world and foreign navies are en deavoring to emulate the example set by our own advance in this line. Requests for information on various points come from Spain, France, Greece and practical ly all of the European nations and all proper Information Is given without re serve. In some cases, foreign naval au thorities h'ave offered to pay for valuable bits of information, concerning a reef, perhaps, which Is uncharted on their own maps or the unknown depth of the water In some channel. But all that is asked in return by the hydrographic office is that the inquirer contribute to the knowledge already in hand at Washing ton as far as possible. The pilot charts which are issued monthly by the office are fast gaining an almost universal rep utation. They give, beside data of strictly technical nature, weather forecasts for the ensuing month covering practically the whole world. CRUSADE AT AN END. Buffnlo Churches Will No Longer Oppose Sunday Openinir. BUFFALO, May 2. So far as the Buf falo churches that were represented by the committee appointed some time ago with Rev. O. P. GIfford, of the Delaware Avenue Baptist Church, at Its hpd are concerned, no further action will be taken looking toward the closing ld iiSnnctimoniousvBin.V' of the Pan-American Exposition on Sun- 'yKHrp'MnimtntTO Hv, Rav Mr. GIfford tonieht made the (As told by Faro Frank df"Red Mountain.) NOTE AND- COMMENT;- The price that was o stagger humanity has "done staggered it" Coal Is not the only product of Puget Sound which contains too much gas ta be useful. In another year Spain will have a king, provided that it Is on that map at that time. The Chinese Indemnity has been marked down to $373,000,000. That ought to fetch the Dowager. Never mind, we will have a fair that will make the Pan-American Exposition look like a one-ring circus. Wheneever the Mexican border corres pondents feel in a particularly vicious humor they kill the Apache Kid. "U"hen mobs and reporters Mrs. Nation assail. -Be it ever so humble. There's no place like Jail. , Another man has been killed. by a prop erty revolver in an amateur show. Per haps the gun knew how the part ought to be acted. Captain Carter should not have gone Into the army. Such talents as his would have piled up a fortune had he been in the plumbing business. Madame Pattl's castle in Wales will be sold at auction In June. During the sala the madame will make her last appear ance on the front porch. Ti3 May 'TIs Mayt The lovely May! The wind howls 'round outside all day, The flowers droop In sad array. The rain pours down, the skies are gray The sun hath Journeyed far awayl And this la what the poets say " Is lovely May! J THE TRIUMPHAL TOUB. Wakin' in the morning Mebbe three o'clock: Train, without no warnln'. Tanks up with a shock; 4 Crowd outside a-howlin", Tellln fur a speech; Get up mad an growlin. Fur your trousers reach. Go out -on the platform. Bow an' smile, of course, - At the shoutin' people, Talk until you're hoarse. When the train Is started. Grab another nap. Maybe fifteen minutes Train comes up kerslap. 'Nother dinky station. " . ' Out to do me proud. J Got to rustle out to Please another crowd. Eatln' when K's handy. Sleepln when I can. Don't you think It's fun to Be a public man. ' Other folks can travel An' still be content, x- But it's very difC'rent Beln' President. When Lady Frances Hope was In Phila delphia a fortnight ago she said to ft newspaper man: "My husband Is wearing today a gray raglan and a billycock hat" "What kind of a hat is a billycock?" tha young man asked, but a break occured In the conversation just then, and his ques tion was not answered. He said yester dy: "I suppose I'll never really know what a billycock hat Is, for Lady Hope is gone now, and I've asked three other per sons, each of whom has given me an en tirely different answer. One says It Is a small-brimmed, low-crowned derby, or fried egg' 'derby, as the phrase goes. Another says it Is a soft round felt hat with a round orown. But the third makes it a Fedora; that Is to say, a slouch with a crease Ih the crown from stem tff aterrV"! The young man's companion smiled' lndul gently. "WelL all those fellows were -wrong," he said. "A billycock hat is simply a military slouch, such as the English Tommies have been wearing dur ing the Boer war." "Maybe you are right," the other answered. "Yours make3 the fourth definition I have heard. Gra cious, but I'd like to know positively what a billycock hat Is." PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS He May I have the pleasure of fourteen T, Shn nr nrst dancel Oh! (hesitating.) Not quite so. many an that I'm afraid. Fun. Finishing Touches. Nodd Is your new hous finished? Todd Not quite. My friends haven't disapproved of It yet Detroit Free Press. Paid For. "Do you think that is all her own hair?" "Of course. She told me only the other day that she never gets trusted for any thing." Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. First Impressions. Mamma (to Bobby, -who has neer seen young lambs) Well. Bobby, what do you think of them? Bobby I Ilka U funny way they bark I Punch. Trying to Place It Teacher (on May 1 Today Is the anniversary of a famous battl Tommy. Can you tell where that battle oc curred? Tommy Tuft (after thinking hard) Was it between heavy-weights or the little fellers? Puck. Mrs. Brown They tell me they have got a new minister at the corner. What was tha matter with Mr. Spouter? Wasn't he sound la the faith? Miss Smith Oh, yes, for aught I know; but the new preacher plays golf like an angel. Boston Transcript. General Bell's estimate that one-sixth of the population of Luzon have died of wounds or fever" In the resistance to American occupation will be gladly seized by New England's antis. It might remind them, but will not, of the exterminating war their Invading" ancestors waged upon the Indian. A restaurant strike means a great deal to a city like San Francisco, where the entire population dines out If the boarding-houses should go out on a sympathetic strike, the town would starve to death. A Matter ot Leg. New York Journal. Lovely women, jou may as well make up your minds that you will never ride astride. The best way for you to ride Is on a side saddle, as you have always done. Go to any public museum and look at the statue of some Greek "Venus, for In stance, the "Venus known as the "Venus Accroupie." After studying the Venus, study the statue of a young man. You will discover, to tell the truth bluntly, that women have round legs and men have flat legs. A man thus holds the side of a horse firmly, and secures a good seat riding astride. It Is difficult, if "not impossible, for a woman to hold Jhe horse-as firmly. No Venus was ever 'intended to ride horseback as men ride. If any woman succeeds in riding strad dle fashion really well, it will simply prove that she is no Venus, and that she ls not manufactured according to the "beautiful1 classical model. Johnson's Mathematics. , ' Washington Star. Tom L. Johnson's proposed reforms have plunged him into some abstruse mathematics. The taxpayers are inquir ing whether the proposed cheapening of public services is going to effect enough economy to compensate for the increase In taxation. Mr. Johnson himself seems to feel that these problems will glVe him sufficient occupation for some time to come without his doing much figuring on. his personal relationship to any future olontlnn rAturns. days. Rev. Mr. GIfford tonight made the following statement: "So far as I am concerned no further effort will be made to fight the -Sunday opening of the exposition, nor will we attempt any legal proceedings in the mat ter J Dr. Hathaway, of the American Sabbath School Union, said: "We think the directors of the exposi tion made a great mistake In passing their resolution to open the gates on Sun day and that they have very little to gain by their action and much to lose. However, the action Is taken and what steps will be followed by my organization are as yet uncertain." The consensus of opinion among those favoring the closing of the gates on Sun day seem to Indicate that the anti-Sunday opening crusade was at an end. Lutheran. Missionary Society. WASHINGTON, May 2. At today's ses sion of the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, in twelfth annual con vention here, Miss A H. Morris, corre sponding secretary, reported 21 synodical societies, 761 auxiliaries with a total mem. bershlp of 20,078, also 438 life members. Articles valued at $7800 were sent to mis sionaries. The total contributions for the past two years were J55,322. For endow ment of beds in the India hospital J5000 also was raised. Keeping: Out Mexican Typhus. WASHINGTON, May 2. Extra precau tions are being taken to prevent the spread of typhus fever from Mexico Into this country. Health officers are regu larly Inspecting every train crossing the frontier. Some persons have been de tained on the frontier, 'but no case of In fection has been reported from this side of the line. New Governor of Berlin. EERLIN, May 2 Governor von Hahnke. until Tecently chief of the Emperor's mil itary cabinet, has been appointed Gov ernor of Berlin. He is succeeded in the military cabinet by General Hurlsen von Haesler. ' Purchase of Bonds. WASHINGTON, May 2. The Secretary of the Treasury today purchased 5120,000 short-term 4 per cent bonds at 113 61, also tmtWI cbnri- ia aa Anril 29 A 112.5953. James Barton Adams in Denver Post Come trampln' Into camp -one day In purty rocky luck. In ragged toga an' couldn't cough the lucre up for chuck. An half-way lived from hand to mouth X-r isted, as It was, On chewin's handed out by them that weak ened to bis buzz. Be acted sort o' buffaloed; a dozen times a day We'd ketch the feller on his knees Indulgtn in a pray. An to the boys he ladled out religious talk: ontil We tacked to him the so-bri-kay ot Sancti monious Bill. He had a knack o' goin' 'round when folks: were sick abed. An' bracin 'em with hopeful words' aa' I have heard It said That of entimea he'd fire a prayer up to the- Lord above A askin' Him to make a play an' give ol Death tha shove. An any one 'twas in distress, you'd alius flnd him there A txyn' td smooth the rocky road with that same pious air. An' many a feller owes his nerve fur cllmbln . trouble's hill Jest to the ltftln' preachia of ol Sanctimo nious Bill. He but hung around the gamblin games'. never made a play; Would stand a starln at the cash in sort o hungry way. Jest like he was flggerln what sort o blurt he'd make In buckln' at the cares o' life If he had sicha. stake. Was never knowed to take a drink or use & swearln' oath. When every other man was quite addicted to 'em both; 1 The camp had never entertained as queer a daffodil In eccentricity o' ways as Sanctimonious Bill. It all was Jest a bllndin' play! A man behind a mask Hit Johnson's faro Joint one night an' said he'd have to ask The gents to please throw up their hands, a. p'lnt which none of us, Him havln'. the Immortal drop, thought proper to discuss. , He hunched the cash an' made a start, a wlshin' us good night. But in the door a pistol shot Impeded of hln flight An' now he gits his Iodgin free up yonder oa the hill. Beneath a board that says, "Here Lies Or Sanrtlmnnlnuii BUU" Sx