THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 190j
HUNT'S FIRST PAPER
Idaho Governor's Message to
the'Legislature.;
COMMENDS OLDADMINISTRATION
Speaks of Conditions in the'Coeu
d'AIene Mining: District iiecom-
mends Exclusion of Asiatics
General Affairs of the State.
BOISE, Idaho, Jan, 8. The reading of
the Governor's message occupied a little
more than an hour today. Tne members
of the Senate occupied chairs in the
House. The reading was beiore the joint
assembly. Governor Hunt occupied a seat
between the Lieutenant-Governor and
speaker of the House. After the raiding
EO00 copied were ordered printed for 'gen
eral distribution. The vote on the ..me
morial to Congress against Asiatic immi
gration was 26 ayes to 22 noes, two Silver
'Republicans voting with the Republicans
against adopting it
Governor Unnt'ff 3Iessag;e.
The Governor's message comprises s mi
thing near 8000 words, and is a review of
conditions as well as a compendium of
vrhat Governor Hunt believes best for the
Interests of the state. The following is a
brief synopsis:
Beginning, he says there has been ex
ceptionally economical administration of,
affairs during the past two years, and
pays, compliments to the retiring state
officials. "During the 10 years of our life
as a. state, our population has increased
92 per cent, and our wealth has had & cor
responding increase, and in the past four
years this increase has amounted to near
'ly J15.000.000.
"Trie bonded debt of the state has in
creased to the extent of H9.000." A recom
mendation Is made for an appropriation
.amounting to $25,548 59 to wipe out the
wagon-road bonds, The warrants out
standing at this time amount to $124,
176 C6. "In this connection I wish to call
your attention to the fact that state war
rants have been selling at a premium of
from X to 2 per cent" He recommends
the reduction of Interest paid by the state
on warrants be reduced to 5 per cent.
The matter of the work of the Code
(Commission Is taken up in extenso. The
'Governor recommends a. careful scrutiny
Gt the work (the revision of the code).
The Soldiers' Home matter is gone into,
showing the fire which recently destroyed
that Institution, and reciting that it is the
desire of the old soldiers to live in a state
Institution, instead of the Army post, at
the expense of the state, as at present
The Governor recommends the rebuilding
of the Home.
The State Normal Schools at Iewiston
jand Albion are reviewed. It being the
Governor's opinion that they are worthy
of all possible support There is a de
ficiency at the Lrewlston establishment
amounting to 52729 29. and at Albion Jl55 71.
The penitentiary closes the year with 1B6
convicts. For the year a saving of $6000
In the annual appropriation Is reported.
The Governor grows enthusiastic over
the University of Idaho, situated at Mos
cow. He believes here is an institution
In which all citizens must take pride.
The school now offers, besides the prepar
atory courses, tuition in classics, science,
agriculture, civil engineering, mining en
gineering, muse. He commends the farm
ers' institute feature of the work.
The Cocar d'AIene Troubles.
The report next takes up the Coeur
dAlene troubles, reciting the facts con
cerning rioting, destroying of life and
property, etc., as w ell as of the arrest and
comiction of a number of those impli
cated. He then proceeds:
"The state has maintained order, but at
a great cost bearing the total expense In
curred, amounting at the close of the year,
December 31, 1900. to JM.S49 S6. Some meth
od must be provided for payment of these
claims to maintain the faith and credit
of the state. It can hardly be charged
to the county, already overburdened with
debt and trouble, nor can, this great
amount be met by appropriation from the
general fund without unnecessarily In
creasing our tax levy.
"I recommend that the accounts be In
vestigated, and that bonds bearing 84 per
cent Interest be authorized, to cover the
liability of the state.
"United States troops are still retained
and martial law is still In force in Sho
shone County. Attention Is also called to
the special report of the Attorney-General,
dealing at length with the history
of these troubles. Conditions in Shoshone
County are now as peaceful, and the citi
zens thereof as law-abiding, as In other
portions of the state."
Arbitration.
"The Interests of labor, as well as of
capital, demand an arbitration law that
can be put Into force and effect for the
settlement and adjustment of disputes
arising between employes and their men.
Such an act constitutional and Impartial,
In its operations, should be most care
fully considered and passed. Some way
other than our present arbitration law
must be- devised to deal Justly with both
Interests and prevent the recurrence of
labor troubles that cost the people thou
sands upon thousands of dollars and re
sult In the destruction of property and
loss of life. "While the state can deal with
these troubles and maintain order at
great cost to the taxpayers, some method
at arbitration can certainly be found that
will obviate the extreme necessity of
using force, and settle -peaceably disputes
Chat need no resort to arms or desperate
destruction of life or property, under any
circumstances. In this state.
"The continued and steady growth of
Qnu portions of the state- has again
made It necessary to pass a legislative
apportionment act, so that those counties
which have outgrown -their present rep--resentatlon
shall have a vojee In our JLcg
lslature proportionately equal to their
population."
He then speaks of a memorial to Con
gress "urging the re-enactment of the
Chinese exclusion act and praying that
the act be so amended as to Include all
Asiatic and Japanese labor. The present
law expires by limitation In 1902, and the
welfare, the life, of our own classes of
labor imperatively demand the exolusion
of labor foreign to our Institutions, Inca
pable of citizenship, whose habits and
wants are of a lower scale of civilization
than our qwn, from laboring In competl.
tlon for a wage lower than our own peo
ple can support life with decency and
comfort"
Tho Governor then suggests the Inade
quacy of the Statehouse for Its purposes.
He recommends "that you Investigate the
advisability of erecting a new building
for the use of the Supreme Court and
state library, and provide for Its cost by
an Issue of Improvement bonds not to
exceed $25,000."
The Insurance department shows a large
growth. After reviewing briefly the busi
ness done by the companies In Idaho, he
says. "A reasonable tax upon the earn
ings of this business would not be a hard
ship upon those interested In It but would
simply place them upon a level with the
men who pay taxes on other classes of
property and Investments, for defraying
the expense of our state government I
would, therefore, recommend that our
Insurance laws be revised In order that
this may be accomplished. It is there
lore further recommended that in connec
tion with the creation of a system of In
surance taxation, the office of Insurance
Commissioner be also created. I would
further recommend that In carrying out
the two recommendations herein made,
the tax be of such proportions as to meet
all the expenses growing out of the of
fice of Insurance Commissioner, and also,
add a considerable sum to the revenue
of the 'state to assist" lndefraying the,
current and general expenditures."
Regarding the mining congress to be
held In Boise In July, the Governor rec
ommends a small appropriation be made
toward securing a permanent exhibit of
ores from all over the state
He goes to some length In detailing In
formation regarding the mining Industry
of the state and believes the office of
State Mine Inspector has been Important
and valuable.
Taxation of alines.
The report next reaches the subject of
taxation of patented mining properties.
After the opening remarks, which t are
seemingly favorable to this taxation, It
says:
"It Is evident that with taxation as an
alternative, the completion of title from
the United States of possessory rights
will be slow, and In most cases entirely
suspended, to escape this form of taxa
tion, while the Assessors of the various
counties have an arbitrary power o place
a valuation upon patented mines within
their counties that will result in the
practice of retarding extended develop
ment of these properties, or the blocking
out of large or extensive bodies of ore to
prevent an excessive, or even fair, valua
tion. To comply with the spirit of the
decision of the Supreme Court declaring
patented mining property taxable same as
other property, I recommend that this
subject be taken up early in the session,
and that It receive the most careful at
tention, treating this, the greatest indus
try of our state, with great liberality,
which will enable and encourage It to still
advance.
"A measure to treat equitably great
mining enterprises in process of produc
tion and under promotion should, I think,
be enacted, placing a minimum valuation
upon the surface ground of the produc
ing placer mines, while a minimum and
maximum of larger amount should be
placed upon the surface ground of quartz
mines, and the net product of both mines
and mining clplms should be made as
sessable at a nominal fixed rate. I have
.given this question serious thought and
'Offer these suggestions with the belief
that you will Improve upon them."
The Governor believes additions should
he made to the stute mlMtla and that an
nual encampments should be held.
The State Engineer's department re
ceives favorable comment, and the Gov
ernor reiterates the recommendation of
that official, especially in regard to the
adjudication of water rights and surveys
off lands throughout the state with a
view to bringing water upon them, "for It
Is now apparent that no action will be
taken by the present Congress to assist
In reclaiming the arid lands of the West"
The land department Is somevhat ex
haustively reviewed, and with commenda
tion for lfs manner of conduct
On stock ranges Is the one paragraph:
"Legislation should. If possible, be de
vised to still further secure our ranges
from foreign migratorv band? of sheep."
The Bureau of Immigration and Labor
is deemed to have been of great ImDort
ance. Importance Is also ittaehed to the
operations of the State Board of Horti
culture. ,
Regarding deciolons by the Supreme
Court, the Governor Is of opinion they
should be preserved. "I recommend that
provision be made for printing these de
cisions. I shall later call your attention
to this master."
Monopolistic Tendencies.
"One of the growing evils of the day Is
the tendency of corporations, companies
and Individuals conducting business which
Is charged with a public Interest, such
as common carrier, carrier of telegraphic
news intended for the general public,
etc, to promote private Interests by fa
voring a few at the expense of many.
This favoritism is wrong in principle, and
fosters and builds up monopolies, to the
detriment of the best Interest of all our
citizens, excepting the favored few. This
tendency should, as far as possible, be
checked by legislation. I therefore rec
ommend that an act be passed making It
a public offense for any corporation, com
pany or Individual doing business In this
state, such business being charged with
public Interest to discriminate against
any citizen, corporation or company In
this state, by refusing to grant equal priv
ileges, prices or terms to one which are
given to others In this state."
The message favors municipal owner
ship. The House today adopted the following
memorial to the United States Senate:
"Realizing that special privileges of any
kind Is repulsive to the American spirit
and believing that measure before your
honorable body, known, as the ship sub
sidy bill, contemplates the conferring of
such special privileges upon the class in
volved, we believe that said measure mer
its your disapproval. Therefore the sixth
Idaho Assembly urgently memorallzes the
Senate of the United States to reject the
said measure."
The Republicans made a bitter fight
against the memorial, offering substitutes
and resorting to other tactics. The fu
sion members voted as a unit for it
TWO MORE ACCEPT.
"Messrs. Soott and Colvlg: as Text
Rook Commissioners.
SALEM, Jan. 8. Governor Geer today
received a letter from H. W. Scott of
Portland, accepting the appointment as a
member of the Text-Book Commission.
The letter is as follows:
"I have the honor to acknowledge re
ceipt from your hand, under the seal of
the state, of the appointment and com
mission of myself as a member of the
State Board of Text-Book Commissioners.
"My first thought was to decline thb
appointment, since the employments of
my own business are very exactlncr and
the duties of the Board of Text-Book 1
Commissioners, If properly attended to,
will require a gooa deal of time and
painstaking care; but on reflection I have
concluded to accept ft, as a public duty.
This Is one among those positions of re
sponsibility and labor, without emolu
ment or promise of reward for ambition,
which the citizen, when called upon,
should undertake. If he can."
Mr. Col-vis's Acceptance.
The letter of acceptance from W. M.
Colvlg, of Jacksonville, Is as follows:
"I have been kept so busy shoveling the
'beautiful snow from my roofs that I
have neglected to acknowledge your great
compliment to my citizenship, as evi
denced In your appointment of the Text
Book Commission. I assure you that the
honorable distinction of having been
chosen as one of the five Is greatly ap
preciated. I hereby accept the trust and
will U6e every effort to merit the con
fidence which warranted you in making
the appointment"
CALLED FOR LYNCHING ROPE.
Hlllsboro Mob Infuriated by Leni
ency of Justice.
HILLSBORO, Or., Jan. 8. E. E. Col
stock, a barber, arrested Saturday night
on a charge of rape, and held under $1000
ball, had his hearing today. Tho Justice 4
held him to await the action of the grand
Jury in the sum of $500. This Infuriated
the bystanders, who called for a rope for
lynching Colestock. Cooler heads were
able to control the mob till the Justice
raised the bond to $1500. This action quiet
ed the crowd, and it Is thought that no
further trouble will follow. Colestock's
victim 1b in a critical condition, and It Is
feared she will not live.
Insurance Company Elects Trustees.
M'MINNVILLE, Or.. Jan. S.-The an
imal meeting of the Oregon Fire Relief
Association was held here today, 42 mem
bers being present The trustees elected
are: J. D. Baker. J. F. Taylor. E. Xorth-
rup, Wesley Houck. McMinhVille; H. B. 1
Fershln. Portland; D. C. Rose, Corvallls;
H. H. Hewitt, Albany; W. T. Ridgdon,
Salem. The five first named are all new
members of the board, which indicates a
change in the management The meeting
adjourned to meet the second Tuesday In
February.
FARM TOPICS DISCUSSED
END OF HARMONIOUS AND PROFIT
ABLE CONGRESS.
Practical "Woman Talks of the At
tractions of Farm Life How to
Pay for Good Roads.
SALEM, Or., Jan. 8. The second day's
session "of the Oregon Farmers' Congress
was attended by a larger audience tnan
was present yesterday, and. If possible, a
deeper and more general Interest was
manifested In all the proceedings. While
those who have come to Salem to attend
the congress are but a very small part
of the whole number of farmers In Ore
gon, they are readily recognized as the
leading spirits in all movements for the
advancement of agricultural Industries.
They are proper representatives of the
sections of the state from which they
come, ahd of the branches of farming In
which they are engaged. Those who pre
pared papers for reading at the congress
did so not with a view to propagating pe-
MMMtOMMHmnMMMM))MMM
MRS. NORRIS H. LOONEY, OF JEFFERSON.
rSJiiSgSSK&iJ-iiSMa&J
ADDRESSED PAUJIERg' CONGRESS ON "HOW TO MAKE FARM
LIFE ATTRACTIVE."
VMf lHHMHMtt-tMtHtmtMMMM
cular views or gratifying personal ends,
but for the purpose of disseminating in
formation and helping their colaoorei to
learn more improved metnods.
All the pioceedlngs havebeei atten e i bv
the greatest harmony "V hen the farmtih
have differed In opinion", they have do-ie
eq good-naturedly. Though sonu of the
discussions have been spirited, tho hae
been i-o.erned by a desire for a t! ioery
of truth rather than by a lor- -- ,on
troversy. In no part of the pii eeUmss
was the harmony more comp t-t than
when the following officers wore t Ltd
this morning:
President, W. H. Wehrung; vi -prudent,
M. L. Jones; secretary M. L i&
dom: treasurer. J. W, Bailey.
It hnd been the Intention of the corgi
to devote the forenoon today to a disct.
sion of matters relating to needed lei?i i
tlon, but in order to acinrnodate those i
who were desirous of Jeev n on tae after-
noon train the afternoon programme was I
taken up this morniny
Dr. D D. Keeler. of Salem, read a very !
carefu'Iy prepared p-per on "The Fluke,
Its Existence and Changes, an 1 How It
May Affect the Future of the Sheep In- i
dustry." The paper wa almost en'ely j
technlcnl, iut received cloe attenMon '
from all those Interested In the growing
of sheep.
J. B. Earlv of Salem o- of the bst- i
known breeders of goats v d swlre In tho
stat. hnnd'ed the uih4et of "Snlne- '
Breeding" in a mnnT that ''emonstnted
his thorough famil'a-Ity with the essen- ,
tlals pf tho Industry.
Fnrmer and Railroad. I
"Relations Between the Farmer and the '
Railroad ' was the subject of a discussion
prepared by General Fieiglit and Passen
ger Agent C. H. Markhaiu, of tne Soutn
ern Pacific, and read by H. E. Lounsbury,
traveling freight agent or the same com-'
.pany. By his untiring efforts m building j
up the dairy industry of the Willamette I
Valley and through the success of his la
bors in this direction Mr. Markham ha3 '
made himself a favorite among the farm- '
ers of this section of the state. It wa3
therefore with regret that they learned
that Mr. Markham was In San Francisco
and could not be present at the congress.
The -disappointment was greatly lessened,
however, by the announcement that Mr
Markham had sent his paper to be read
by Mr. Lounsbury. The latter gentleman
participated In the proceedings of the con- ,
press during both days of the session, and
while here made many friends among the
farmers. In giving Information regarding
relative cost of transportation from Ore- i
gon to New York and from Eastern States
to the same market, he aided the farm- '
ers greatly in discussing the question of j
uregon products nnamg a marset in the
East. Mr. Markham's paper was as fol
lows: In accepting an Invitation to address,
thl3 meeting, I was permitted to choose
my subject, and selected the "Relations
Between the Farmers and the Railroads,'
because It 3eemed to me that discussion
of fhls subject would afford opportunity
of talking about something In which we all
have a vital Interest
Railroads are constructed, equipped and
operated for the same purpose that sou
clear a piece of land that of making
money. Railroad men sometimes make
mistakes just as you do. In some cases
the railroads have not fulfilled their
early promises and because of nonpro
gressive management and arbitrary pol
icy have Justly Incurred the criticism of
those who look to them for transporta
tion facilities. Happily, however. Instances
of this kind have been few, and today it
can be said without fear of contradic
tion that the railroads of this country
are bending every effort to develop its
resources, recognizing as they do that
it is good business policy.
Railroads In general can no more bo
held responsible for the mistakes of some
than can farmers in general be held re
speonslble for failure of some of their
numbers, to apply ordinary business
methods to the conduct of their farms.
The nonsrogresslve type of railroad man
may be fltlyr compared to the type of
farmer who :U1 thinks he can crop bis
land to wheat year after year and that
Jt will retain its fertility.
The question of most concern to the
farmer In connection with railroads la
the rate question, and the making of
rates Is In their minds usually associated
with the theory that the chief function
of tho general freight and passenger
agent is to sit In his office and figure on
tariffs based on "all the traffic, will bear,"
Now. I want to disabuse yoUr minds of
this misconception "All the traffic will
bear" Is a catch phrase framed by dema
gogues antagonistic to railway interests
for the purpose of serving their own sel-
fish ends, and more than often with de
signs on the railroad's treasury. If It be
true that It has been the policy of the
railroads to charge all tho traffic will bear,
without regard to the rights of shippers,
what possible explanation can there be
for the trenmendous Industrial develop
ment which has followed their construc
tion, and which Is making this the great
est commercial nation on earth? That It is;
not true I think I can satisfy you In a
very few words.
Rate-making Is governed by well-esifeb-llshed
principles, and the one essential
principle that railway officials clothed
with rate-making powers have to keep In
mind, is to under no circumstances charge
"more than the truffle will bear." I
want to call your attention to the fact
that there Is a wide distinction between
the policies defined by the two phrases.
One stands for the policy the application
of which to commerce would restrict
traffic; the other for a broad and liberal
policy which is reflected in increased
traffic. As traffic is restricted, so is the
income of the railways, and I am sure
that it will not require argument to con
vince you that it Is not to the advantage
of the railroads to pursue a course which
would In the end defeat the very object
for which their lines were constructed.
As a matter of fact, owners of railroads
take many more chances and are far
''AfeSS!S' -
more liberal irr such matters than are
the owners of other property.
It may occur at times that the railroad
absorbs more than its shares of the margin
above cost of production, but this Is a
rratter which is sometimes beyond Its
control to regulate, it being impractica
ble to maintain rate schedules which will
always bear a fixed relation to the value
of articles carried. Rates, of freight in
beneral are th'e product of competition la
t-ome form and are determined by tho
natural law governing all commercial
iransactions "which constantly tends to
i educe all profits to a minimum. This
t-ompetition may be in the form of a
competitive railroad or navigable water
way; or it may appear in the form of
competitive markets. I can give you a
very good example of what Is meant by
competition of markets.
Some of you have no doubt noticed In
the last two orthree years that this com
pany has been hauling a great deal of
lumber to California. Formerly Califor
nia received its entire supply of fir lumber
by water, mostly from Puget Sound and
Gray's Harbor. About three years ago
we commenced to do some figuring on
rates not only with a viow of participat
ing in tho n ovement from Portland, where
direct competition with carriers by water
was rqet, but also with a view of afford
ing a market for the vast bodies of tim
ber along our line and entirely dependent
upon us for transportation. We found
that we could handle this traffic at rates
approximating thpse obtained by water.
These rates are necessarily very low, and
the margin of profit Is correspondingly
narrow, hut without them the lumber of
this Valley would remain in the forests.
Here we have two practical Illustrations
of the different kinds' of competition.
First, the competition of carriers by
water: second, the competition of mar-
Generally speaking, it cost as much for
a mill In the Willamette Valley to turn
out a given quantity of lumber as it doep
a mill of Puget Sound. It Is plain to be
seen t therefore, that the Willamette Val
ley rhlllman must be placed In position
to deliver his lumber In California at the
same cost for carriage aa Is paid by mill
men on Puget Sound. Here then we have
a practical llustratlon of the effects of
competition of markets on rates.
The tendency of railroad rates Is al
ways downward. Adjustment and re
vision of tariffs is constantly taking
place and at the end of each year it is
found that the average rate per passenger
or per ton per mile is lower than the year
before. The railroad, seeks its reward in
the Increased net earnings resulting from
Increased traffic.
During the past two years the cost
to the railroads of doing business has In
creased to an alarming extent They
have had to pay more for rails, cars, en
gines, ties and material of all kinds, but
In very few instances, especially here in
the West, has there been a correspond
ing advance In ratesMvNow I want you
to compare this policy with that pur
sued by carriers by water. The ship
owner watches the demand for tonnage
and increases his charter rates to the
utmost figure that competition with the
owners of other ships will permit The
State spends millions upon millions of dol
lars for his convenience and protection,
but does not attempt to regulate his rates
while he charges all the traffic will bear
Just the same. On tne other hand, the
State grants the right of eminent domain
to the railroads, and In order to encour
age their construction In early days In
some cases aided them with grants of
lands and money. I am not going to argue
that It Is not eminently proper for the
State to encourage commerce by water,
but I do think that the carrier by land
Is discriminated against while everything
Is done for the carrier by water. The
State undertakes to regulate not only the
fares and freight charged by railroads,
but also prescribes rules and regulations
for their operation! which sometimes bear
heavily upon their owners.
Railway Interests have become so large
that, interwoven as they are with every
Interest of the country, there is naturally
a demand for State control which has
been followed by the plea for State own
ershlp,lts advocates claiming for It a re
lief from all the Ills, real and Imaginary,
to which commerce is subject State con
trol has already been carried too far In
many Instances and State ownership has
proven a failure In nearly every country
In which It has been tried. The advocates
of State ownership In this country are
fond of pointing to the railway pot
offlce as an example of what a Govern
ment can do and argue that If It can
carry letters and packages why ndt pas
sengers and commodities of all kinds. The
comparison Is not a fair one. The high
degree of excellence obtained by the rail
way postoffice is very largely due, first,
to the opportunities afforded by the rail
ways, themselves: secondly, to the fact
that Its classification of rates Is limited
and not subject to changes. Under pri-"
vate ownership rates are being constantly
adjusted to meet the ever varying de
mands of commerce. Under Government'
ownership it Is fair to presume that there
would be the same difficulty In securing
changes of rates as Is experienced In
changing Import duties. In the case of
perishable articles, in order to move
which a lower rate might be necessary,
the applcant might have to waltrelief
through an act of Congress, and so it
would go. If there were no other reasons.
It Is sufficient that the Government Is not
flexible enough to take charge of the car
rying trade of this great commonwealth.
Individual effort and enterprise always
has and alwaya will stand for the best
that can be obtained along the line of
commercial progress.
You may have observed that I have said
little about passenger rates. The fact
of the matter Is, there is but Jlttle to be
said in connection with the subject under
discussion. The farmer 'Is vitally inter
ested In the rate charged on the products
of his farm, and freight' rates may there
fore be likened to a tax which usually
falls upon the producer. The passenger
rate differs in this: That while the farmer
mdst get his grain to market and thus
contributes to freight earnings, he does
not necessarily have to travel. Again,
a large percentage of the earnings from
the passenger business of a line serving
a certain territory, Is received from per
sons living In other sections of the coun
try, thus distributing the burden where
It Is least felt. 'Persona not familiar with
transportation conditions .are often
heard to express surprise that the rail
roads do not increase travel by making
low rates of fare. This reminds me of an
incident which occurred on one of my
trips over the West Side line about two
years ago. I shared my seat with a
young man who from his conversation I
Judged to be a stranger In this section.
We fell Into a talk which finally drifted
around to a discussion of passenger fares.
The young man expressed himself very
vigorously on what he considered the
short-sighted policy of the railroad in not
reducing its rates. "Why." said he, "if
they would only make the fare 2 cents
per mile they would not be able to pro
vide? cars to carry all the people who
would want to travel." I asked the young
man if he was engaged in business, and
was Informed that he was looking for a
position. Then, said I, "Young man, I
am well acquainted with the railroad peo
ple, and know that they are constantly
seeking to increase their earnings. Now,
you may be the very man they are look
ing for. If you can show thorn how they,
can increase their net earnings by re
ducing rates there is practically no limit
to the salary you can command." I am
afraid my young friend was like the ho
tel man of whom it. was said he knew
moro about every other business In toicn
than he knew about the hotel business.
Pasanger rates, lHte freight rates, de
pend largely upon the volume or traffic,
and are therefore lowest In the roost
thickly populated sections. Considering
the density of population, the rates here
In the West will bear favorable compar
slon with the rates In the more thickly
populated territory, east of the Missis
sippi River. There are, however, other
conditions besides density of population.
Which must be considered. I haye in
mind a certain section where the num
ber or passengers carried per mile of
road does not compare favorably with the
number carried by other lines serving
contiguous territory where the population
per mile is leas. Why this should be I am
unable to say. There la no doubt but
that 'climatic conditions are largely re
sponsible. All of these matters are care
fully considered by the railroads and
rates are a'djusted to the basis whlch
will bring the best results.
- Ih 'cbnclusion," permit me fo say that
the interest of the farmers are the inter
ests of the rallroade. One cannot long
prosper at the expense of the other. The
railroads that are iriaking the best re
turns to their owners are those which
serve prosperous communities. That is
why the- offloials are devoting so much
time to the development of the resources
of the country. They are not doing it for
their own mre. pleasure, but because
they arc looking to the future for their
reward.
We are advising the farmers along out
lines here in Oregon to quit raising wheat
and devote, their energies to dairying and
stockraising. This advice, if heeded,
would mean an Immediate loss of ton
nage which we are willing to suffer be
hoving that the success of tha dairy
movement will give us a prosperous
community to ssrve. We may not haul
as much wheat, but the da.ryman will
have more monev to epend in traveling.
His wants will bo, increased; he will be
buying new buggies, pianos and carpets
and will, in many other waye, contribute
to our revenues.
Farm Life Attractive.
The most pleasing paper that has been
presented before the congress, and the
only one that was so universally approved
that it received no discussion, was the
one read by Mrs. Norns H. Looney, of
Jefferson, on tht subject; "How to Make
Farm Life Attractive." When Mrs.
Looney finished reading, her audience was.
po deeDly affected by the eloquence of
her thoughts and rendition that perfect
silence prevailed for a moment, and then
the crowd burst ,out in prolonged ap
plause. Mrs. Looney spoke from practical and
pleasant experience with farm life, and
showed that 'the Inconvenience and pri
vations so often complained of arc by no
m.eans necessary. By management, tact,
foresight the farm life may be made
entirely delightful. She" spoke of the
many advantages that farm life offers,
the freedom from hidebound convention
alities, and the pleasures of real achieve
ment Contact with nature and nature's
processes upon the farm, she said, Invites
study that was of absorbing Interest and
charm, and altogether more satisfactory
than the artificiality of cities. She spoke
of many methods of making the duties
of the farm pleasant Among the best
ways of making farm life attractive, she
said, was to get the best out of the farm,
to produce articles of superior merit
HopjrroTFlns.
W. H. Egan, of Brooks, one of the
most Intelligent and careful hopgrowers
of Marldn County, next read a paper on
the subject of "Hopgrowing." His dis
cussion of the subject was In part as
follows:
"About 20 years ago hopgrowing In Ore
gon was resarded as a sort of experi
ment, and but few ventured to develop
the Industry. Ten years later many be
came Interested In the growth of hops,
and thousands of acres were set out and
today Oregon is the banner state of our
great union In their culture.
"She has not only excelled every other
state In number of bales harvested, be
ing about 80,000, but won the prize for
excellence this year at the Paris Expo
sition, thus fairly demonstrating the fact
that Oregon In this industry need not
fear the world.
"Hopgrowing concentrates labor and
gives employment to a vast number of
laborers on an area of 16,000 acres, with
a result of over $2,000,000, leaving over
61,400,000 acres of 6ur state for the expan
sion of other Industries. Our state has
been proven to be a safe and prolific pro
ducer of hops. Our genial climate, and
freedom from fogs and heavy wind
storms make ua comparatively free from
mold and wind-whipped hops.
"The hop Industry Is a strong promoter
of that popular idea of diversified farm
ing. The major part of the grain har
vest is completed before hopplcklng be
gins. The harvesting of the flax crop,
which, I hope, will soon rank well with
us, will also be at or near an end, while
the sugar-beet Industry, which bids fair
to give employment to ' thousands, will
permit of a lay-over during hop harvest
and may be resumed with double forca
if needed when the hops are Safe in
the storeroom.
"What a source of pleasant antlclpa-
Monsters and Microbes.
How the Hicirobe Would Appear
ir Magnified to Si2e to Coiv
respond With Its PoYrer.
The world has always believed in
monsters great dragons of the land,
and huge serpents of the sea. As a
rule these monsters have been fairly
peaceable, and beyond frightening peo
ple occasionally, they have done little
recorded harm. The real calamities of
humanity have come from the smallest
forms of life. The minute microbe has
slain its millions upon millions. If this
microscopic form of life were depicted
in size and form equal to its danger and
deadliness we should see a, monster
which would dwarf into insignificance
11 the monsters ever begotten by hu
man imagination. The microbe has this
iu common with the fabled monster, its
food is human flesh and its drink human
blood. It battens on slaughter. For
centuries medical science fought this
microbic foe in darkness. The presence
of the foe was recognized, its deadliiiess
conceded. But it was ever an invisible
foe, unknown and unnamed. To-day
science with eye-pover increased a mil
lion fold finds this lurking foe, knows it
and names it
FINDING THE FOB
is the first step, fighting it intelligently
is the next. Wc know this minute or
ganism lurks in the air we breathe, the
food we eat, the water we drink. Wc
know the object of attack is the blood.
Wc know that as the microbe is bred
from foulness it must be fed on foulness.
Hence, we know that the microbe finds
no lodgment in the body when the blood
is pure. Keep the blood pure and you
shut out the microbe.
When the blood is impu nature at
once begins to show the red danger sig
nals. Boils, blotches, pimples, erup
tions begin to work upon tr" skin sur
face, as signs and symptoms of the cor
ruption or the blood. When these or
any signs of blood impurity appear, the
nse of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Dis
covery is confidently recommended as a
most powerful and perfect blo'od -purifying
medicine.
I consider your 'Golden Medical
Discovery ' one of the best medicines on
the face of the earth," writes Wm. Floe
ter, Ijaq., of Redoak, Montgomery Co.,
Iowa. "While in the south-west, three
years ago, I got poisoned with poison
ivy. The poison settled in my blood
and the horrors I suffered cannot be told
in words. I thought I would go crazy.
I could do nothing but scratch. I would
go to sleep scratching, would wake up in
the morning and find myself scratching.
I scratched for eight months. Had it
tlon Is the coming of hopplcklng! The
youngsters lbok forward to It as a sort
of candy-pulling or nut-gathering, where
they may cook by campfires, sleep like
soldiers in tents, and shout a little with
out any fear of the Reform School. The
hop harvest is the greatest financial
equalizer of all our Industries. Forty-five
thousand people of Oregon leave the hop
fields of Oregon with money they there
have earned. As a resource of our state
it has few equals. The crop of 1900 will
reach a sale of over $2,000,000, of which
only about JSO.COO goes out of the state
for the purchase of supplies, such as bal
ing clothT sulphur, twine, etc., leaving
vlth U3 $1,920,000 as a result of this in
dustry. While we have now considered
the subject under favorable auspices, the
hopgrower must constantly bear in -mind
that there are 'breakers ahead.' "
"No industry In our land Is capable of
letting a farmer sink faster or lower
than hopralslng. He must, therefore, be
on the alert to avail himself of every
economical device, in the growth and
harvesting of his crop, that he may ob
tain the best results with the least ex
pense. There Is one new plan of drying
hops, being Introduced by A. Wolf &. Son,
of Sllverton, which I believe Is worthy
of our cqnsideration, while many improve
ments are being made all along the line
of this Industry which, properly applied,
will save money to the grower.
"He must be 'ever ready to spend some
money on spraying, else his entire crop
may perish. Long experience throughout
the world bears out the fact that spray
ing Is a safeguard when Judiciously and
thoroughly operated. The success
ful grower cannot afford to risk
his season's labor and his Investment
with the chance that the vermin may
dlsapear before they ruin his crop, if they
make their appearance early enough to
permit him to spray before harvesting
begins; better pick no hops than moldy
ones. After the grow.er has succeeded In
raising and harvesting his crop, then
comes the all-Important matter of disposing-
of ft-
"There Is nc crop In which organization
and co-operation is more needed or more
easily regulated than in hopgrowing, for
the reason that the heavy expense and
money borrowing begins with the harvest.
It Is then when the homes are mortgaged
to gather the hops, which may prove to
be the embellishment of destruction of
that home. Past experience has taught
Us that consumers will close a deal with
us at figures as low as IV2. cents per pound
or less than half the cost of production
when It Is apparent to them that we have
an over3upply; while they have had the
grit to pay $1 25 per pound when hops
were scarce and" holders firm.
"What we want is a fair price for a
fair article. 'Live and let live,' the great
American principle, which Is honored
throughout the world. By proper co-operation,
thorough organization, we can reg
ulate the supply to the demand, prevent
our hops from being thrown upon the
market In such an excited manner that
will make the consumer feel that we are
breaking cUr necks to be the first to pitch
our crop at him, and give him to under
stand that we do not want to corner the
market, or sell our crop at a price less
than cost of production. These methods
will enable tho brewer to better outline
the extent of his business, and will make
hopgrowing In Oregon pleasant and profit
able." Paylnjr for Road-Bnlldingr.
One bf the most spirited discussions of
.lW.1flA-
"wwywftirB'aiHsihigirfrit
'' r.TTm'..'- ,r- "- '
not been for your Golden "Medical Dis
covery' I would be scratching yet I
tried different kinds of medicine, tried
different doctors, but all the relief they
could give me was to make my pocket
book lighter. I then began taking
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
Took four bottles without relief. Kept
taking it I took in all ten bottles and
got entirely cured. I can say that if
people would take your medicine instead
of fooling with some of tho quacks that
infest both the small and large towns,
disease would flee like chaff before th'
wind."
The use of Dr. Pierce's Golden Med
ical Discovery will abwlutely drive ont
and eliminate the poisons which cor
rupt the blood.
BAD BI.OOD ANB SOOD HEAI.TH
cannot go togethm. But when tho
blood is purified and enriched by "Gold
en Medical Discover, the result is re
corded in sound health.
Boils, blotches, pimples
and other eruptions disap
pear as the impurities
which caused them are
removed. The skin is
healthy, the flesh is firm.
The dul1 and sluggish feel
ing is a thing of the past.
The appetite is good, sleep
is sound and refreshing
and labor an enjoymer
instead of a burden.
w It gives me much pleas
ure to testify to the merits
of Dr. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery," writes
Miss Annie Wells, of Fer
gussons Wharf, Isle of
Wight Co., Va. "I can
say honestly and candidly
that it is the grandest
medicine ever compound
ed for purifying the blood.
I suffered terribly with
rheumatism, and pimples
on the skin and swelling
in my knees and feet so
that I could not walk. I
spent about twenty dollars
paying doctors' bills but
received no benefit A
year or two ago I was reading one of
your Memorandum Books, and I de
cided to try Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery and 'Favorite Prescription,'
and am entirely cured."
Of all prevalent forms of blood dis
ease, scrofula is the most intractable.
Dr. Pierces Golden Medical Discovery
has a remarkable record of cures of
scrofulous diseases ; remarkable both in
the number of cures and their variety
as well as in the fact that these cures
were effected many times in cases where
all other trcatmeht had proved utterly
ineffectual.
WI cured my little girl's scrofula with
your 'Golden Medical Discovery' and
1 Pleasant Pellets,'" writes Mr. Eli Ash
ford of Rauey, Hunt Co., Texas. It
has been four years since then, and
there has not been any return of the
disease."
There is no alcohol in "Gplden Med
ical Discovery," and it is entirely free
from opium, cocaine and U' other nar
cotics. Why docs a dealer sometimes try to
sell a substitute for Dr. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery, claiming it is "just
as good ? " 1$ it for the customer's ben
efit? It can't be. If the two medicines
are equal in merit there's no advantage
to the purchaser in an even exchange.
The medicines are not equal in merit,
and the reason for selling a substitute
is only because the less meritorious medicine-
puts a little more- profit into the
dealer's pocket His gam is the cus
tomer's loss.
don't think of buying
a work on household medicine when
yem can get a good one free. Dr.
Pierce's Common Sense Medical Ad
viser contains iooS large pages and
over 700 illustrations. It is sent free
on receipt of stamps to pay expense
of mailing only. Send 31 one -cent
stamps for the cloth -bound volume
or only 21 stamps for the book in
paper -covers. Address Dr. R. V.
Pierce. Buffalo. N. Y.
the session was that wnich took place
this afternoon on the subject of road
building. The controversy grew out of
arguments that were begun yesterday and
were not finished because time would not
permit.
Ferd Groncr, of Scholls, Washington
County, started the discussion by taking
the floor during a lull in the epeechmak
ing, and presenting an aggressive argu-
ment In favor of rapid, f"- ."lopment along
the line of building r-etTmrent roads. He
I auvoca.iea me construction ol ruuus iu
j once, leaving the payment therefor to
I future years. While not proposing plans
! in detail, he said that the most promis
I lng scheme for raising funds was the bond
I system, the bonds to bo paid by 10 annual
Installments. He suggested that the bur
den of pajlng the road-building expenses
should be divided into three equal parts,
to be borne by the state, the county and
the community.
Mr. Croner asserted that the farmers
waste enough every 10 years by wear and
tear of wagons and harness, by loss of
time and by loss of hauling power, to
build for them the best macadamized
roads In the country. He said that, ow
ing to the lack of Intelligent laying out
of roads, in traveling 16 mfles from his
home to Portland he is obliged to haul
two miles farther than necessary, and to
lift his load over hills aggregating 3000
feet In height, when tha lift should not
amount to more than one-fifth of that dis
tance. C. M. Beaver, a gentleman who has re
cently arrived In Oregon from Ohio, and
who has bought a farm near Salem, did
not agree with Mr. Groners Idea of" road-
building, and said that, while the farm
ers might secure the roads by Issuing
bonds, they would lose their farms Jn pay
ing off the bonds. The question of Issu
ing bonds In order to raise money to
build permanent roads was discussed by a
number of men. the principal speakers
being J. Voorhees, John P. Robertson,
Judge T. L. Davidson and Messrs. Groner
and Beaver. There was one proposition,
and perhaps only one-, upon which all
could agree that there is a pressing need
of more systematic road-building In West
ern Oregon. No conclusions were reached,
but, upon motion, President Wehrung ap
pointed the following committee on road
legislation: J. Voorhees, H. B. Thlolson,
Fred Oroner, Richard Scott.
Just before adjournment this afternoon
George W. Weeks Introduced the follow
ing resolution, which was unanimously
adopted:
-Whereas, The dairy interests of Oreyon are
growlnf rapidly, and feecaue of the great
natural advantages In the production of grajaes
and forace plants In all parts of Oregon, and
because of the growing markets throughout
Alaska, Asia and the H lands of the Pacific.
and our great Northwest, this Industry, If
properly protected and fostered, will become
one of the greatest and most reliable sources
of wealth; and,
Whereas, This development is now hindered
by the production of imitation butter, in the
form of oleomargarine, we. therefore, urge
upon our Senators in Congress to do everything
in their power to aid the passage of what is
known as the Grout bill, which provides for
reducing the tax upon uncolored oleomar
garine to one-fourth of 1 cent per pound, and
Increasing on colored oteomargarine to 10 cents
per pound, and provides, also, that when
oleomargarine enters a state It shall be sub
ject to the laws of that state.
Keep Davis' Pnln-Klller Handy
It will cure cough or cold or colic,
i