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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 9, 1901)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 190j HUNT'S FIRST PAPER Idaho Governor's Message to the'Legislature.; COMMENDS OLDADMINISTRATION Speaks of Conditions in the'Coeu d'AIene Mining: District iiecom- mends Exclusion of Asiatics General Affairs of the State. BOISE, Idaho, Jan, 8. The reading of the Governor's message occupied a little more than an hour today. Tne members of the Senate occupied chairs in the House. The reading was beiore the joint assembly. Governor Hunt occupied a seat between the Lieutenant-Governor and speaker of the House. After the raiding EO00 copied were ordered printed for 'gen eral distribution. The vote on the ..me morial to Congress against Asiatic immi gration was 26 ayes to 22 noes, two Silver 'Republicans voting with the Republicans against adopting it Governor Unnt'ff 3Iessag;e. The Governor's message comprises s mi thing near 8000 words, and is a review of conditions as well as a compendium of vrhat Governor Hunt believes best for the Interests of the state. The following is a brief synopsis: Beginning, he says there has been ex ceptionally economical administration of, affairs during the past two years, and pays, compliments to the retiring state officials. "During the 10 years of our life as a. state, our population has increased 92 per cent, and our wealth has had & cor responding increase, and in the past four years this increase has amounted to near 'ly J15.000.000. "Trie bonded debt of the state has in creased to the extent of H9.000." A recom mendation Is made for an appropriation .amounting to $25,548 59 to wipe out the wagon-road bonds, The warrants out standing at this time amount to $124, 176 C6. "In this connection I wish to call your attention to the fact that state war rants have been selling at a premium of from X to 2 per cent" He recommends the reduction of Interest paid by the state on warrants be reduced to 5 per cent. The matter of the work of the Code (Commission Is taken up in extenso. The 'Governor recommends a. careful scrutiny Gt the work (the revision of the code). The Soldiers' Home matter is gone into, showing the fire which recently destroyed that Institution, and reciting that it is the desire of the old soldiers to live in a state Institution, instead of the Army post, at the expense of the state, as at present The Governor recommends the rebuilding of the Home. The State Normal Schools at Iewiston jand Albion are reviewed. It being the Governor's opinion that they are worthy of all possible support There is a de ficiency at the Lrewlston establishment amounting to 52729 29. and at Albion Jl55 71. The penitentiary closes the year with 1B6 convicts. For the year a saving of $6000 In the annual appropriation Is reported. The Governor grows enthusiastic over the University of Idaho, situated at Mos cow. He believes here is an institution In which all citizens must take pride. The school now offers, besides the prepar atory courses, tuition in classics, science, agriculture, civil engineering, mining en gineering, muse. He commends the farm ers' institute feature of the work. The Cocar d'AIene Troubles. The report next takes up the Coeur dAlene troubles, reciting the facts con cerning rioting, destroying of life and property, etc., as w ell as of the arrest and comiction of a number of those impli cated. He then proceeds: "The state has maintained order, but at a great cost bearing the total expense In curred, amounting at the close of the year, December 31, 1900. to JM.S49 S6. Some meth od must be provided for payment of these claims to maintain the faith and credit of the state. It can hardly be charged to the county, already overburdened with debt and trouble, nor can, this great amount be met by appropriation from the general fund without unnecessarily In creasing our tax levy. "I recommend that the accounts be In vestigated, and that bonds bearing 84 per cent Interest be authorized, to cover the liability of the state. "United States troops are still retained and martial law is still In force in Sho shone County. Attention Is also called to the special report of the Attorney-General, dealing at length with the history of these troubles. Conditions in Shoshone County are now as peaceful, and the citi zens thereof as law-abiding, as In other portions of the state." Arbitration. "The Interests of labor, as well as of capital, demand an arbitration law that can be put Into force and effect for the settlement and adjustment of disputes arising between employes and their men. Such an act constitutional and Impartial, In its operations, should be most care fully considered and passed. Some way other than our present arbitration law must be- devised to deal Justly with both Interests and prevent the recurrence of labor troubles that cost the people thou sands upon thousands of dollars and re sult In the destruction of property and loss of life. "While the state can deal with these troubles and maintain order at great cost to the taxpayers, some method at arbitration can certainly be found that will obviate the extreme necessity of using force, and settle -peaceably disputes Chat need no resort to arms or desperate destruction of life or property, under any circumstances. In this state. "The continued and steady growth of Qnu portions of the state- has again made It necessary to pass a legislative apportionment act, so that those counties which have outgrown -their present rep--resentatlon shall have a vojee In our JLcg lslature proportionately equal to their population." He then speaks of a memorial to Con gress "urging the re-enactment of the Chinese exclusion act and praying that the act be so amended as to Include all Asiatic and Japanese labor. The present law expires by limitation In 1902, and the welfare, the life, of our own classes of labor imperatively demand the exolusion of labor foreign to our Institutions, Inca pable of citizenship, whose habits and wants are of a lower scale of civilization than our qwn, from laboring In competl. tlon for a wage lower than our own peo ple can support life with decency and comfort" Tho Governor then suggests the Inade quacy of the Statehouse for Its purposes. He recommends "that you Investigate the advisability of erecting a new building for the use of the Supreme Court and state library, and provide for Its cost by an Issue of Improvement bonds not to exceed $25,000." The Insurance department shows a large growth. After reviewing briefly the busi ness done by the companies In Idaho, he says. "A reasonable tax upon the earn ings of this business would not be a hard ship upon those interested In It but would simply place them upon a level with the men who pay taxes on other classes of property and Investments, for defraying the expense of our state government I would, therefore, recommend that our Insurance laws be revised In order that this may be accomplished. It is there lore further recommended that in connec tion with the creation of a system of In surance taxation, the office of Insurance Commissioner be also created. I would further recommend that In carrying out the two recommendations herein made, the tax be of such proportions as to meet all the expenses growing out of the of fice of Insurance Commissioner, and also, add a considerable sum to the revenue of the 'state to assist" lndefraying the, current and general expenditures." Regarding the mining congress to be held In Boise In July, the Governor rec ommends a small appropriation be made toward securing a permanent exhibit of ores from all over the state He goes to some length In detailing In formation regarding the mining Industry of the state and believes the office of State Mine Inspector has been Important and valuable. Taxation of alines. The report next reaches the subject of taxation of patented mining properties. After the opening remarks, which t are seemingly favorable to this taxation, It says: "It Is evident that with taxation as an alternative, the completion of title from the United States of possessory rights will be slow, and In most cases entirely suspended, to escape this form of taxa tion, while the Assessors of the various counties have an arbitrary power o place a valuation upon patented mines within their counties that will result in the practice of retarding extended develop ment of these properties, or the blocking out of large or extensive bodies of ore to prevent an excessive, or even fair, valua tion. To comply with the spirit of the decision of the Supreme Court declaring patented mining property taxable same as other property, I recommend that this subject be taken up early in the session, and that It receive the most careful at tention, treating this, the greatest indus try of our state, with great liberality, which will enable and encourage It to still advance. "A measure to treat equitably great mining enterprises in process of produc tion and under promotion should, I think, be enacted, placing a minimum valuation upon the surface ground of the produc ing placer mines, while a minimum and maximum of larger amount should be placed upon the surface ground of quartz mines, and the net product of both mines and mining clplms should be made as sessable at a nominal fixed rate. I have .given this question serious thought and 'Offer these suggestions with the belief that you will Improve upon them." The Governor believes additions should he made to the stute mlMtla and that an nual encampments should be held. The State Engineer's department re ceives favorable comment, and the Gov ernor reiterates the recommendation of that official, especially in regard to the adjudication of water rights and surveys off lands throughout the state with a view to bringing water upon them, "for It Is now apparent that no action will be taken by the present Congress to assist In reclaiming the arid lands of the West" The land department Is somevhat ex haustively reviewed, and with commenda tion for lfs manner of conduct On stock ranges Is the one paragraph: "Legislation should. If possible, be de vised to still further secure our ranges from foreign migratorv band? of sheep." The Bureau of Immigration and Labor is deemed to have been of great ImDort ance. Importance Is also ittaehed to the operations of the State Board of Horti culture. , Regarding deciolons by the Supreme Court, the Governor Is of opinion they should be preserved. "I recommend that provision be made for printing these de cisions. I shall later call your attention to this master." Monopolistic Tendencies. "One of the growing evils of the day Is the tendency of corporations, companies and Individuals conducting business which Is charged with a public Interest, such as common carrier, carrier of telegraphic news intended for the general public, etc, to promote private Interests by fa voring a few at the expense of many. This favoritism is wrong in principle, and fosters and builds up monopolies, to the detriment of the best Interest of all our citizens, excepting the favored few. This tendency should, as far as possible, be checked by legislation. I therefore rec ommend that an act be passed making It a public offense for any corporation, com pany or Individual doing business In this state, such business being charged with public Interest to discriminate against any citizen, corporation or company In this state, by refusing to grant equal priv ileges, prices or terms to one which are given to others In this state." The message favors municipal owner ship. The House today adopted the following memorial to the United States Senate: "Realizing that special privileges of any kind Is repulsive to the American spirit and believing that measure before your honorable body, known, as the ship sub sidy bill, contemplates the conferring of such special privileges upon the class in volved, we believe that said measure mer its your disapproval. Therefore the sixth Idaho Assembly urgently memorallzes the Senate of the United States to reject the said measure." The Republicans made a bitter fight against the memorial, offering substitutes and resorting to other tactics. The fu sion members voted as a unit for it TWO MORE ACCEPT. "Messrs. Soott and Colvlg: as Text Rook Commissioners. SALEM, Jan. 8. Governor Geer today received a letter from H. W. Scott of Portland, accepting the appointment as a member of the Text-Book Commission. The letter is as follows: "I have the honor to acknowledge re ceipt from your hand, under the seal of the state, of the appointment and com mission of myself as a member of the State Board of Text-Book Commissioners. "My first thought was to decline thb appointment, since the employments of my own business are very exactlncr and the duties of the Board of Text-Book 1 Commissioners, If properly attended to, will require a gooa deal of time and painstaking care; but on reflection I have concluded to accept ft, as a public duty. This Is one among those positions of re sponsibility and labor, without emolu ment or promise of reward for ambition, which the citizen, when called upon, should undertake. If he can." Mr. Col-vis's Acceptance. The letter of acceptance from W. M. Colvlg, of Jacksonville, Is as follows: "I have been kept so busy shoveling the 'beautiful snow from my roofs that I have neglected to acknowledge your great compliment to my citizenship, as evi denced In your appointment of the Text Book Commission. I assure you that the honorable distinction of having been chosen as one of the five Is greatly ap preciated. I hereby accept the trust and will U6e every effort to merit the con fidence which warranted you in making the appointment" CALLED FOR LYNCHING ROPE. Hlllsboro Mob Infuriated by Leni ency of Justice. HILLSBORO, Or., Jan. 8. E. E. Col stock, a barber, arrested Saturday night on a charge of rape, and held under $1000 ball, had his hearing today. Tho Justice 4 held him to await the action of the grand Jury in the sum of $500. This Infuriated the bystanders, who called for a rope for lynching Colestock. Cooler heads were able to control the mob till the Justice raised the bond to $1500. This action quiet ed the crowd, and it Is thought that no further trouble will follow. Colestock's victim 1b in a critical condition, and It Is feared she will not live. Insurance Company Elects Trustees. M'MINNVILLE, Or.. Jan. S.-The an imal meeting of the Oregon Fire Relief Association was held here today, 42 mem bers being present The trustees elected are: J. D. Baker. J. F. Taylor. E. Xorth- rup, Wesley Houck. McMinhVille; H. B. 1 Fershln. Portland; D. C. Rose, Corvallls; H. H. Hewitt, Albany; W. T. Ridgdon, Salem. The five first named are all new members of the board, which indicates a change in the management The meeting adjourned to meet the second Tuesday In February. FARM TOPICS DISCUSSED END OF HARMONIOUS AND PROFIT ABLE CONGRESS. Practical "Woman Talks of the At tractions of Farm Life How to Pay for Good Roads. SALEM, Or., Jan. 8. The second day's session "of the Oregon Farmers' Congress was attended by a larger audience tnan was present yesterday, and. If possible, a deeper and more general Interest was manifested In all the proceedings. While those who have come to Salem to attend the congress are but a very small part of the whole number of farmers In Ore gon, they are readily recognized as the leading spirits in all movements for the advancement of agricultural Industries. They are proper representatives of the sections of the state from which they come, ahd of the branches of farming In which they are engaged. Those who pre pared papers for reading at the congress did so not with a view to propagating pe- MMMtOMMHmnMMMM))MMM MRS. NORRIS H. LOONEY, OF JEFFERSON. rSJiiSgSSK&iJ-iiSMa&J ADDRESSED PAUJIERg' CONGRESS ON "HOW TO MAKE FARM LIFE ATTRACTIVE." VMf lHHMHMtt-tMtHtmtMMMM cular views or gratifying personal ends, but for the purpose of disseminating in formation and helping their colaoorei to learn more improved metnods. All the pioceedlngs havebeei atten e i bv the greatest harmony "V hen the farmtih have differed In opinion", they have do-ie eq good-naturedly. Though sonu of the discussions have been spirited, tho hae been i-o.erned by a desire for a t! ioery of truth rather than by a lor- -- ,on troversy. In no part of the pii eeUmss was the harmony more comp t-t than when the following officers wore t Ltd this morning: President, W. H. Wehrung; vi -prudent, M. L. Jones; secretary M. L i& dom: treasurer. J. W, Bailey. It hnd been the Intention of the corgi to devote the forenoon today to a disct. sion of matters relating to needed lei?i i tlon, but in order to acinrnodate those i who were desirous of Jeev n on tae after- noon train the afternoon programme was I taken up this morniny Dr. D D. Keeler. of Salem, read a very ! carefu'Iy prepared p-per on "The Fluke, Its Existence and Changes, an 1 How It May Affect the Future of the Sheep In- i dustry." The paper wa almost en'ely j technlcnl, iut received cloe attenMon ' from all those Interested In the growing of sheep. J. B. Earlv of Salem o- of the bst- i known breeders of goats v d swlre In tho stat. hnnd'ed the uih4et of "Snlne- ' Breeding" in a mnnT that ''emonstnted his thorough famil'a-Ity with the essen- , tlals pf tho Industry. Fnrmer and Railroad. I "Relations Between the Farmer and the ' Railroad ' was the subject of a discussion prepared by General Fieiglit and Passen ger Agent C. H. Markhaiu, of tne Soutn ern Pacific, and read by H. E. Lounsbury, traveling freight agent or the same com-' .pany. By his untiring efforts m building j up the dairy industry of the Willamette I Valley and through the success of his la bors in this direction Mr. Markham ha3 ' made himself a favorite among the farm- ' ers of this section of the state. It wa3 therefore with regret that they learned that Mr. Markham was In San Francisco and could not be present at the congress. The -disappointment was greatly lessened, however, by the announcement that Mr Markham had sent his paper to be read by Mr. Lounsbury. The latter gentleman participated In the proceedings of the con- , press during both days of the session, and while here made many friends among the farmers. In giving Information regarding relative cost of transportation from Ore- i gon to New York and from Eastern States to the same market, he aided the farm- ' ers greatly in discussing the question of j uregon products nnamg a marset in the East. Mr. Markham's paper was as fol lows: In accepting an Invitation to address, thl3 meeting, I was permitted to choose my subject, and selected the "Relations Between the Farmers and the Railroads,' because It 3eemed to me that discussion of fhls subject would afford opportunity of talking about something In which we all have a vital Interest Railroads are constructed, equipped and operated for the same purpose that sou clear a piece of land that of making money. Railroad men sometimes make mistakes just as you do. In some cases the railroads have not fulfilled their early promises and because of nonpro gressive management and arbitrary pol icy have Justly Incurred the criticism of those who look to them for transporta tion facilities. Happily, however. Instances of this kind have been few, and today it can be said without fear of contradic tion that the railroads of this country are bending every effort to develop its resources, recognizing as they do that it is good business policy. Railroads In general can no more bo held responsible for the mistakes of some than can farmers in general be held re speonslble for failure of some of their numbers, to apply ordinary business methods to the conduct of their farms. The nonsrogresslve type of railroad man may be fltlyr compared to the type of farmer who :U1 thinks he can crop bis land to wheat year after year and that Jt will retain its fertility. The question of most concern to the farmer In connection with railroads la the rate question, and the making of rates Is In their minds usually associated with the theory that the chief function of tho general freight and passenger agent is to sit In his office and figure on tariffs based on "all the traffic, will bear," Now. I want to disabuse yoUr minds of this misconception "All the traffic will bear" Is a catch phrase framed by dema gogues antagonistic to railway interests for the purpose of serving their own sel- fish ends, and more than often with de signs on the railroad's treasury. If It be true that It has been the policy of the railroads to charge all tho traffic will bear, without regard to the rights of shippers, what possible explanation can there be for the trenmendous Industrial develop ment which has followed their construc tion, and which Is making this the great est commercial nation on earth? That It is; not true I think I can satisfy you In a very few words. Rate-making Is governed by well-esifeb-llshed principles, and the one essential principle that railway officials clothed with rate-making powers have to keep In mind, is to under no circumstances charge "more than the truffle will bear." I want to call your attention to the fact that there Is a wide distinction between the policies defined by the two phrases. One stands for the policy the application of which to commerce would restrict traffic; the other for a broad and liberal policy which is reflected in increased traffic. As traffic is restricted, so is the income of the railways, and I am sure that it will not require argument to con vince you that it Is not to the advantage of the railroads to pursue a course which would In the end defeat the very object for which their lines were constructed. As a matter of fact, owners of railroads take many more chances and are far ''AfeSS!S' - more liberal irr such matters than are the owners of other property. It may occur at times that the railroad absorbs more than its shares of the margin above cost of production, but this Is a rratter which is sometimes beyond Its control to regulate, it being impractica ble to maintain rate schedules which will always bear a fixed relation to the value of articles carried. Rates, of freight in beneral are th'e product of competition la t-ome form and are determined by tho natural law governing all commercial iransactions "which constantly tends to i educe all profits to a minimum. This t-ompetition may be in the form of a competitive railroad or navigable water way; or it may appear in the form of competitive markets. I can give you a very good example of what Is meant by competition of markets. Some of you have no doubt noticed In the last two orthree years that this com pany has been hauling a great deal of lumber to California. Formerly Califor nia received its entire supply of fir lumber by water, mostly from Puget Sound and Gray's Harbor. About three years ago we commenced to do some figuring on rates not only with a viow of participat ing in tho n ovement from Portland, where direct competition with carriers by water was rqet, but also with a view of afford ing a market for the vast bodies of tim ber along our line and entirely dependent upon us for transportation. We found that we could handle this traffic at rates approximating thpse obtained by water. These rates are necessarily very low, and the margin of profit Is correspondingly narrow, hut without them the lumber of this Valley would remain in the forests. Here we have two practical Illustrations of the different kinds' of competition. First, the competition of carriers by water: second, the competition of mar- Generally speaking, it cost as much for a mill In the Willamette Valley to turn out a given quantity of lumber as it doep a mill of Puget Sound. It Is plain to be seen t therefore, that the Willamette Val ley rhlllman must be placed In position to deliver his lumber In California at the same cost for carriage aa Is paid by mill men on Puget Sound. Here then we have a practical llustratlon of the effects of competition of markets on rates. The tendency of railroad rates Is al ways downward. Adjustment and re vision of tariffs is constantly taking place and at the end of each year it is found that the average rate per passenger or per ton per mile is lower than the year before. The railroad, seeks its reward in the Increased net earnings resulting from Increased traffic. During the past two years the cost to the railroads of doing business has In creased to an alarming extent They have had to pay more for rails, cars, en gines, ties and material of all kinds, but In very few instances, especially here in the West, has there been a correspond ing advance In ratesMvNow I want you to compare this policy with that pur sued by carriers by water. The ship owner watches the demand for tonnage and increases his charter rates to the utmost figure that competition with the owners of other ships will permit The State spends millions upon millions of dol lars for his convenience and protection, but does not attempt to regulate his rates while he charges all the traffic will bear Just the same. On tne other hand, the State grants the right of eminent domain to the railroads, and In order to encour age their construction In early days In some cases aided them with grants of lands and money. I am not going to argue that It Is not eminently proper for the State to encourage commerce by water, but I do think that the carrier by land Is discriminated against while everything Is done for the carrier by water. The State undertakes to regulate not only the fares and freight charged by railroads, but also prescribes rules and regulations for their operation! which sometimes bear heavily upon their owners. Railway Interests have become so large that, interwoven as they are with every Interest of the country, there is naturally a demand for State control which has been followed by the plea for State own ershlp,lts advocates claiming for It a re lief from all the Ills, real and Imaginary, to which commerce is subject State con trol has already been carried too far In many Instances and State ownership has proven a failure In nearly every country In which It has been tried. The advocates of State ownership In this country are fond of pointing to the railway pot offlce as an example of what a Govern ment can do and argue that If It can carry letters and packages why ndt pas sengers and commodities of all kinds. The comparison Is not a fair one. The high degree of excellence obtained by the rail way postoffice is very largely due, first, to the opportunities afforded by the rail ways, themselves: secondly, to the fact that Its classification of rates Is limited and not subject to changes. Under pri-" vate ownership rates are being constantly adjusted to meet the ever varying de mands of commerce. Under Government' ownership it Is fair to presume that there would be the same difficulty In securing changes of rates as Is experienced In changing Import duties. In the case of perishable articles, in order to move which a lower rate might be necessary, the applcant might have to waltrelief through an act of Congress, and so it would go. If there were no other reasons. It Is sufficient that the Government Is not flexible enough to take charge of the car rying trade of this great commonwealth. Individual effort and enterprise always has and alwaya will stand for the best that can be obtained along the line of commercial progress. You may have observed that I have said little about passenger rates. The fact of the matter Is, there is but Jlttle to be said in connection with the subject under discussion. The farmer 'Is vitally inter ested In the rate charged on the products of his farm, and freight' rates may there fore be likened to a tax which usually falls upon the producer. The passenger rate differs in this: That while the farmer mdst get his grain to market and thus contributes to freight earnings, he does not necessarily have to travel. Again, a large percentage of the earnings from the passenger business of a line serving a certain territory, Is received from per sons living In other sections of the coun try, thus distributing the burden where It Is least felt. 'Persona not familiar with transportation conditions .are often heard to express surprise that the rail roads do not increase travel by making low rates of fare. This reminds me of an incident which occurred on one of my trips over the West Side line about two years ago. I shared my seat with a young man who from his conversation I Judged to be a stranger In this section. We fell Into a talk which finally drifted around to a discussion of passenger fares. The young man expressed himself very vigorously on what he considered the short-sighted policy of the railroad in not reducing its rates. "Why." said he, "if they would only make the fare 2 cents per mile they would not be able to pro vide? cars to carry all the people who would want to travel." I asked the young man if he was engaged in business, and was Informed that he was looking for a position. Then, said I, "Young man, I am well acquainted with the railroad peo ple, and know that they are constantly seeking to increase their earnings. Now, you may be the very man they are look ing for. If you can show thorn how they, can increase their net earnings by re ducing rates there is practically no limit to the salary you can command." I am afraid my young friend was like the ho tel man of whom it. was said he knew moro about every other business In toicn than he knew about the hotel business. Pasanger rates, lHte freight rates, de pend largely upon the volume or traffic, and are therefore lowest In the roost thickly populated sections. Considering the density of population, the rates here In the West will bear favorable compar slon with the rates In the more thickly populated territory, east of the Missis sippi River. There are, however, other conditions besides density of population. Which must be considered. I haye in mind a certain section where the num ber or passengers carried per mile of road does not compare favorably with the number carried by other lines serving contiguous territory where the population per mile is leas. Why this should be I am unable to say. There la no doubt but that 'climatic conditions are largely re sponsible. All of these matters are care fully considered by the railroads and rates are a'djusted to the basis whlch will bring the best results. - Ih 'cbnclusion," permit me fo say that the interest of the farmers are the inter ests of the rallroade. One cannot long prosper at the expense of the other. The railroads that are iriaking the best re turns to their owners are those which serve prosperous communities. That is why the- offloials are devoting so much time to the development of the resources of the country. They are not doing it for their own mre. pleasure, but because they arc looking to the future for their reward. We are advising the farmers along out lines here in Oregon to quit raising wheat and devote, their energies to dairying and stockraising. This advice, if heeded, would mean an Immediate loss of ton nage which we are willing to suffer be hoving that the success of tha dairy movement will give us a prosperous community to ssrve. We may not haul as much wheat, but the da.ryman will have more monev to epend in traveling. His wants will bo, increased; he will be buying new buggies, pianos and carpets and will, in many other waye, contribute to our revenues. Farm Life Attractive. The most pleasing paper that has been presented before the congress, and the only one that was so universally approved that it received no discussion, was the one read by Mrs. Norns H. Looney, of Jefferson, on tht subject; "How to Make Farm Life Attractive." When Mrs. Looney finished reading, her audience was. po deeDly affected by the eloquence of her thoughts and rendition that perfect silence prevailed for a moment, and then the crowd burst ,out in prolonged ap plause. Mrs. Looney spoke from practical and pleasant experience with farm life, and showed that 'the Inconvenience and pri vations so often complained of arc by no m.eans necessary. By management, tact, foresight the farm life may be made entirely delightful. She" spoke of the many advantages that farm life offers, the freedom from hidebound convention alities, and the pleasures of real achieve ment Contact with nature and nature's processes upon the farm, she said, Invites study that was of absorbing Interest and charm, and altogether more satisfactory than the artificiality of cities. She spoke of many methods of making the duties of the farm pleasant Among the best ways of making farm life attractive, she said, was to get the best out of the farm, to produce articles of superior merit HopjrroTFlns. W. H. Egan, of Brooks, one of the most Intelligent and careful hopgrowers of Marldn County, next read a paper on the subject of "Hopgrowing." His dis cussion of the subject was In part as follows: "About 20 years ago hopgrowing In Ore gon was resarded as a sort of experi ment, and but few ventured to develop the Industry. Ten years later many be came Interested In the growth of hops, and thousands of acres were set out and today Oregon is the banner state of our great union In their culture. "She has not only excelled every other state In number of bales harvested, be ing about 80,000, but won the prize for excellence this year at the Paris Expo sition, thus fairly demonstrating the fact that Oregon In this industry need not fear the world. "Hopgrowing concentrates labor and gives employment to a vast number of laborers on an area of 16,000 acres, with a result of over $2,000,000, leaving over 61,400,000 acres of 6ur state for the expan sion of other Industries. Our state has been proven to be a safe and prolific pro ducer of hops. Our genial climate, and freedom from fogs and heavy wind storms make ua comparatively free from mold and wind-whipped hops. "The hop Industry Is a strong promoter of that popular idea of diversified farm ing. The major part of the grain har vest is completed before hopplcklng be gins. The harvesting of the flax crop, which, I hope, will soon rank well with us, will also be at or near an end, while the sugar-beet Industry, which bids fair to give employment to ' thousands, will permit of a lay-over during hop harvest and may be resumed with double forca if needed when the hops are Safe in the storeroom. "What a source of pleasant antlclpa- Monsters and Microbes. How the Hicirobe Would Appear ir Magnified to Si2e to Coiv respond With Its PoYrer. The world has always believed in monsters great dragons of the land, and huge serpents of the sea. As a rule these monsters have been fairly peaceable, and beyond frightening peo ple occasionally, they have done little recorded harm. The real calamities of humanity have come from the smallest forms of life. The minute microbe has slain its millions upon millions. If this microscopic form of life were depicted in size and form equal to its danger and deadliness we should see a, monster which would dwarf into insignificance 11 the monsters ever begotten by hu man imagination. The microbe has this iu common with the fabled monster, its food is human flesh and its drink human blood. It battens on slaughter. For centuries medical science fought this microbic foe in darkness. The presence of the foe was recognized, its deadliiiess conceded. But it was ever an invisible foe, unknown and unnamed. To-day science with eye-pover increased a mil lion fold finds this lurking foe, knows it and names it FINDING THE FOB is the first step, fighting it intelligently is the next. Wc know this minute or ganism lurks in the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink. Wc know the object of attack is the blood. Wc know that as the microbe is bred from foulness it must be fed on foulness. Hence, we know that the microbe finds no lodgment in the body when the blood is pure. Keep the blood pure and you shut out the microbe. When the blood is impu nature at once begins to show the red danger sig nals. Boils, blotches, pimples, erup tions begin to work upon tr" skin sur face, as signs and symptoms of the cor ruption or the blood. When these or any signs of blood impurity appear, the nse of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Dis covery is confidently recommended as a most powerful and perfect blo'od -purifying medicine. I consider your 'Golden Medical Discovery ' one of the best medicines on the face of the earth," writes Wm. Floe ter, Ijaq., of Redoak, Montgomery Co., Iowa. "While in the south-west, three years ago, I got poisoned with poison ivy. The poison settled in my blood and the horrors I suffered cannot be told in words. I thought I would go crazy. I could do nothing but scratch. I would go to sleep scratching, would wake up in the morning and find myself scratching. I scratched for eight months. Had it tlon Is the coming of hopplcklng! The youngsters lbok forward to It as a sort of candy-pulling or nut-gathering, where they may cook by campfires, sleep like soldiers in tents, and shout a little with out any fear of the Reform School. The hop harvest is the greatest financial equalizer of all our Industries. Forty-five thousand people of Oregon leave the hop fields of Oregon with money they there have earned. As a resource of our state it has few equals. The crop of 1900 will reach a sale of over $2,000,000, of which only about JSO.COO goes out of the state for the purchase of supplies, such as bal ing clothT sulphur, twine, etc., leaving vlth U3 $1,920,000 as a result of this in dustry. While we have now considered the subject under favorable auspices, the hopgrower must constantly bear in -mind that there are 'breakers ahead.' " "No industry In our land Is capable of letting a farmer sink faster or lower than hopralslng. He must, therefore, be on the alert to avail himself of every economical device, in the growth and harvesting of his crop, that he may ob tain the best results with the least ex pense. There Is one new plan of drying hops, being Introduced by A. Wolf &. Son, of Sllverton, which I believe Is worthy of our cqnsideration, while many improve ments are being made all along the line of this Industry which, properly applied, will save money to the grower. "He must be 'ever ready to spend some money on spraying, else his entire crop may perish. Long experience throughout the world bears out the fact that spray ing Is a safeguard when Judiciously and thoroughly operated. The success ful grower cannot afford to risk his season's labor and his Investment with the chance that the vermin may dlsapear before they ruin his crop, if they make their appearance early enough to permit him to spray before harvesting begins; better pick no hops than moldy ones. After the grow.er has succeeded In raising and harvesting his crop, then comes the all-Important matter of disposing- of ft- "There Is nc crop In which organization and co-operation is more needed or more easily regulated than in hopgrowing, for the reason that the heavy expense and money borrowing begins with the harvest. It Is then when the homes are mortgaged to gather the hops, which may prove to be the embellishment of destruction of that home. Past experience has taught Us that consumers will close a deal with us at figures as low as IV2. cents per pound or less than half the cost of production when It Is apparent to them that we have an over3upply; while they have had the grit to pay $1 25 per pound when hops were scarce and" holders firm. "What we want is a fair price for a fair article. 'Live and let live,' the great American principle, which Is honored throughout the world. By proper co-operation, thorough organization, we can reg ulate the supply to the demand, prevent our hops from being thrown upon the market In such an excited manner that will make the consumer feel that we are breaking cUr necks to be the first to pitch our crop at him, and give him to under stand that we do not want to corner the market, or sell our crop at a price less than cost of production. These methods will enable tho brewer to better outline the extent of his business, and will make hopgrowing In Oregon pleasant and profit able." Paylnjr for Road-Bnlldingr. One bf the most spirited discussions of .lW.1flA- "wwywftirB'aiHsihigirfrit '' r.TTm'..'- ,r- "- ' not been for your Golden "Medical Dis covery' I would be scratching yet I tried different kinds of medicine, tried different doctors, but all the relief they could give me was to make my pocket book lighter. I then began taking Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. Took four bottles without relief. Kept taking it I took in all ten bottles and got entirely cured. I can say that if people would take your medicine instead of fooling with some of tho quacks that infest both the small and large towns, disease would flee like chaff before th' wind." The use of Dr. Pierce's Golden Med ical Discovery will abwlutely drive ont and eliminate the poisons which cor rupt the blood. BAD BI.OOD ANB SOOD HEAI.TH cannot go togethm. But when tho blood is purified and enriched by "Gold en Medical Discover, the result is re corded in sound health. Boils, blotches, pimples and other eruptions disap pear as the impurities which caused them are removed. The skin is healthy, the flesh is firm. The dul1 and sluggish feel ing is a thing of the past. The appetite is good, sleep is sound and refreshing and labor an enjoymer instead of a burden. w It gives me much pleas ure to testify to the merits of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery," writes Miss Annie Wells, of Fer gussons Wharf, Isle of Wight Co., Va. "I can say honestly and candidly that it is the grandest medicine ever compound ed for purifying the blood. I suffered terribly with rheumatism, and pimples on the skin and swelling in my knees and feet so that I could not walk. I spent about twenty dollars paying doctors' bills but received no benefit A year or two ago I was reading one of your Memorandum Books, and I de cided to try Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery and 'Favorite Prescription,' and am entirely cured." Of all prevalent forms of blood dis ease, scrofula is the most intractable. Dr. Pierces Golden Medical Discovery has a remarkable record of cures of scrofulous diseases ; remarkable both in the number of cures and their variety as well as in the fact that these cures were effected many times in cases where all other trcatmeht had proved utterly ineffectual. WI cured my little girl's scrofula with your 'Golden Medical Discovery' and 1 Pleasant Pellets,'" writes Mr. Eli Ash ford of Rauey, Hunt Co., Texas. It has been four years since then, and there has not been any return of the disease." There is no alcohol in "Gplden Med ical Discovery," and it is entirely free from opium, cocaine and U' other nar cotics. Why docs a dealer sometimes try to sell a substitute for Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery, claiming it is "just as good ? " 1$ it for the customer's ben efit? It can't be. If the two medicines are equal in merit there's no advantage to the purchaser in an even exchange. The medicines are not equal in merit, and the reason for selling a substitute is only because the less meritorious medicine- puts a little more- profit into the dealer's pocket His gam is the cus tomer's loss. don't think of buying a work on household medicine when yem can get a good one free. Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical Ad viser contains iooS large pages and over 700 illustrations. It is sent free on receipt of stamps to pay expense of mailing only. Send 31 one -cent stamps for the cloth -bound volume or only 21 stamps for the book in paper -covers. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce. Buffalo. N. Y. the session was that wnich took place this afternoon on the subject of road building. The controversy grew out of arguments that were begun yesterday and were not finished because time would not permit. Ferd Groncr, of Scholls, Washington County, started the discussion by taking the floor during a lull in the epeechmak ing, and presenting an aggressive argu- ment In favor of rapid, f"- ."lopment along the line of building r-etTmrent roads. He I auvoca.iea me construction ol ruuus iu j once, leaving the payment therefor to I future years. While not proposing plans ! in detail, he said that the most promis I lng scheme for raising funds was the bond I system, the bonds to bo paid by 10 annual Installments. He suggested that the bur den of pajlng the road-building expenses should be divided into three equal parts, to be borne by the state, the county and the community. Mr. Croner asserted that the farmers waste enough every 10 years by wear and tear of wagons and harness, by loss of time and by loss of hauling power, to build for them the best macadamized roads In the country. He said that, ow ing to the lack of Intelligent laying out of roads, in traveling 16 mfles from his home to Portland he is obliged to haul two miles farther than necessary, and to lift his load over hills aggregating 3000 feet In height, when tha lift should not amount to more than one-fifth of that dis tance. C. M. Beaver, a gentleman who has re cently arrived In Oregon from Ohio, and who has bought a farm near Salem, did not agree with Mr. Groners Idea of" road- building, and said that, while the farm ers might secure the roads by Issuing bonds, they would lose their farms Jn pay ing off the bonds. The question of Issu ing bonds In order to raise money to build permanent roads was discussed by a number of men. the principal speakers being J. Voorhees, John P. Robertson, Judge T. L. Davidson and Messrs. Groner and Beaver. There was one proposition, and perhaps only one-, upon which all could agree that there is a pressing need of more systematic road-building In West ern Oregon. No conclusions were reached, but, upon motion, President Wehrung ap pointed the following committee on road legislation: J. Voorhees, H. B. Thlolson, Fred Oroner, Richard Scott. Just before adjournment this afternoon George W. Weeks Introduced the follow ing resolution, which was unanimously adopted: -Whereas, The dairy interests of Oreyon are growlnf rapidly, and feecaue of the great natural advantages In the production of grajaes and forace plants In all parts of Oregon, and because of the growing markets throughout Alaska, Asia and the H lands of the Pacific. and our great Northwest, this Industry, If properly protected and fostered, will become one of the greatest and most reliable sources of wealth; and, Whereas, This development is now hindered by the production of imitation butter, in the form of oleomargarine, we. therefore, urge upon our Senators in Congress to do everything in their power to aid the passage of what is known as the Grout bill, which provides for reducing the tax upon uncolored oleomar garine to one-fourth of 1 cent per pound, and Increasing on colored oteomargarine to 10 cents per pound, and provides, also, that when oleomargarine enters a state It shall be sub ject to the laws of that state. Keep Davis' Pnln-Klller Handy It will cure cough or cold or colic, i