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Oregon
the G
m5
O STATE In tho Union Is bo
rich In resources as Oregon.
The forest wealth Is nearly
235.000,000,000 feet of the finest
timber hard and soft woods
offering unparalleled Inducements to
lumber and furniture manufacture.
Both east and west of the Cascades are
mines of sold, copper, silver, lead and
other metals. Every bay and the prin
cipal rivers abound in flsh. "Well-defined
deposits of iron ore await the
coming of capital. Southwestern Ore
gon has large coal bodies that have been
producing for years, and the northwest
ern and northeastern' parts of the state
have coal that may yet be mined at a
profit. In all parts of the state there
are thousands of acres to be had at
reasonable prices for further develop
ment in agriculture, horticulture and
dairying. All these Industries have
shown marked improvement in recent
years. Timber lands have been in act
ive demand for three years, and nearly
all that are available have been taken
up with a view to use In the near fu
ture. Oregon Is now recognized as a
mining state, and the Eastern Oregon,
Bohemia and Southern Oregon districts
are Quite as well known In the East
and Europo as Cripple Creek. Capital
no longer has to bo coaxed; it comes
here seeking investment. Agriculture
is taking on diversified form, and dairy
ing has come to help and replenish the
wheat-exhausted soil of the "Willamette
Valley. Horticulture Is getting down, to
a scientific basts.
"What alia Oregon is that it does not
make enough commodities for Its own
use. It sends -jJjvtJS&XT11 ifrear to. the
Mlddlo "West for bacon, hams and lard,
when It need not waste a dollar away
for pork products. Likewise t buys
furniture from the East made of ma
terial which was originally cut in the
home forests. And so with wool, which
Is shipped out in the crude Btate and
comes back as high-grade clothing.
Coal Is Imported from British Columbia,
Puget Sound, and even Australia,
though Coos Bay could supply the
home market If it had adequate trans
portation facilities.
Another circumstance that checks
Oregon's growth Is the Isolation of
large, rich and productive areas. Under
this heading may be included the Coun
ties of Columbia, Coos, Crook, Curry,
Grant, Harney, Klamath, Lake, Tilla
mook 'and "Wallowa. In 10 years these
10 counties gained 94S5 people. Had
they adequate transportation facilities,
they would have gained from 35,000 to
50,000. Columbia has a railroad skirt
ing the river bank,-but It does not tap
tho fertile Nehalem country. Coos ahd
Curry, - an , empire In themselves, aro
hidden In Southwestern Oregon, and
are forced to depend upon the sea and
upon stage routes. Coos -gained 1450
people In 10 years, and Curry 159. Til
lamook Is In about the same situation
as Coos and Curry. Its population In
creased 1549.- Crook gained 742, but it
might have done better, had It not
taken so long to discover that the small
farm Is better than the big stock ranch.
Grant Increased its population by SG6,
the majority of whom have doubtless
come in with the mining rush. Gijant
has stood by stock, principally because
there was" no profit In producing other
commodities for outside markets at pre
vailing transportation charges. It is
destined to be an agricultural county.
Given a railroad, the John Day Val
ley will, with irrigation, make the "Wil
lamette Valley look to Its laurels. Har
ney, pent up in Southeastern Oregon,
gained 37 people In 10 years. Lake and
Klamath. Its near neighbors, gained 243
and 1526, respectively. Wallowa, shut
up In Northeastern Oregon, gained 1S77.
The resources of these isolated commu
nities are now well known, and plans
are on foot to "open them up" and give
M them better facilities for marketing
their products. Columbia, Coos, Curry
and Tillamook can be made to Oregon
what Gray's and Wlllapa Harbors are
to "Washington, and Crook, Grant, Har
ney, Klamath, I .ike and "Wallowa are
the making of another Big Bend.
The essential for extensive manufac
turing enterprise Is a large and perma
nent fuel supply. This is an Important
question n California as well as In
Oregon. In California the Imported coal
even that which comes as ballast has
always been so costly as to Interfere
with and check the growth of manu
facturing Industries. Pretty nearly
every foot of land in the vicinity of
Portland, both In Oregon and In "Wash
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PORTLAND,- OREGON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1901.
rent States
ington, has been prospected the past
year for coal. Several beds have been
discovered, but the quality of the coal
remains to be finally determined. In
California the fuel problem, It -would
-appear, has been practically solved by
the oil discoveries. The oil, so far as",
tests have gone. Is better for fuel than
for Illumination. In Southern Califor
nia, says the Engineering and Mining
Journal, "oil can now be supplied at
a price which makes Its cost to tho
consumer much lower than coal, when
the relative fuel values and the prices
of coal are considered." "What effect
this oil fuel will have on manufactur
ing enterprise in Oregon depends upon
its cost to the Oregon consumer. Of
course, the best thing for Oregon would
be a fuel supply of its own, and for
such men interested 'in the industrial
welfare of the state are looking.
BAKER COUNTY has a greater vari
ety of resources than any other
county In the state. No other sec
tion offers so good an opening for min
ing, lumbering, farming, stockraising and
dairying. While these Industries are
extensively carried on, they are as yet
in tl.e incipient stage. The principal
valleys are Powder River, Burnt River,
Upper Burnt River, Sumpter and Rye,
In most of which placer mining Is car
ried on to some extent, together with
farming and stockraising. They vary
In elevation from 3000 to 4000 feet. Burnt
River Valley, in the southwestern part'
of the county, Is about 45 miles long,
and from a few rods to two miles wide.
Burnt, Connor Creek and Snake River
Valleys are not so elevated as other
sections of the county. They are the
principal fruitgrowing districts. Sump
ter Valley Is 10 miles long, and from
one to two miles wide. On account of
its great elevation, fruit and grain are
not so successfully cultivated as In
other sections, but hay Is produced in
abundance. Large bodies of valuable
timber surround the valley, and lum
bering Is an Important Industry. Stock
raising and dairying are carried on.
The two Powder River Valleys are each
about 23 miles long, varying from two to
20 miles In width. They contain very rich
soil, and are the principal farming
and stockraising districts of the county.
A large portion of the two Powder Riv
er Valleys, as well as most of the
other valleys, contain wild sagebrush
lands, which irrigation would make pro
ductive. Distribution of the 'water sup
ply, which Is abundant, could be accom
plished by means of large reservoirs,
for which the county is well adapted
by nature, and by the construction of"
extensive Irrigation canals.
BENTON COUNTY -has a most de
sirable climate, by reason of Its
physical situation. An elevation
' averaging from 400 to 500 feet, a gen
eral eastern exposure, as the land
slopes from the Coast Range, the tem
perature never rises above 100 deg. In
Summer and seldom falls below 23 above
zero in "Winter. The average tempera
ture for the year Is about 50 deg. The
eastern jart of the county, extending
back from the "Willamette River all
the way from 3 to 10 miles, is nearly
level; thence westward it is hilly, but
can be cultivated. There is no part
that Is not well watered, and along
the stieams In the vallevs between tha
hills the land Is unexcelled for farmlrg
and grazing. The land Is put to that
use for which it Is best adapted, and
for that reason the principal Indus
tries are agriculture, horticulture,
stockraising and dairying. Some lum
ber Is cut. The county is well provided
with transportation facilities.
CLACKAMAS COUNTY'S area is
about one-third cultivable, the re
mainder being wooded and moun
' tain regions, valuable for timber and
pasturage. Tho farming lands' are of
great variety of soil and richness. The
Willamette River runs through the
county, affording excellent transporta
tion facilities at minimum ratesfand
serving at the same time to regulate
railroad charges. In Portland the pro
ducers of Clackamas County have an
unlimited market. One-half of the
farmers can drive to Portland, do their
trading and return home the same day.
Ten years ago horticulture was taken
up In earnest, and in a few years It
will be the principal industry. The soli,
Where there is good natural drainage,
is adapted to pruricgrowlng. Clacka
mas Is a clover county, and therefore
offers .unexcelled Inducements to dairy
g
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ON Qfi&OOd PLAJN5 FO& -cASTc'R
Supreme
ing. Hops, lumber -and stock supple
ment agriculture, and there are min
eral deposits which could be developed.
Clackamas County Is an empire In It
self, and could support 500,000 people
without crowding.
CLATSOP COUNTY is not excelled
In wealth and diversity of natural
resources . by any region of like
area in the Northwest, Fishing, by rea-'
son of the amount of capital invested
in it. Is the principal industry. In 30
years it has brought In a gross reve
nue of about $75,000,000. Next in point
of value are the timber .resources.
There are over 600,000 acres of forest,
mostly Oregon pine. There are in sev
eral parts of the county several coal
veins thick enough to prove profitable,
and of a character believed to be mer
chantable, but development of them
proceeds slowly. Near Astoria are
large deposits of pottery clay off a
' quality suitable for the manufacture
of drain pipes and earthenware. Dairy
ing promises to become an Important
Industry.
COLIMBIA COUNTY contains 693
rquaro miles, of- which 552 square
miles arc- covered with 27,700 feet,
board measure, to the acre. Agriculture
is slow of development, as the big
trees must be cleared away before
farming begins. Along the waterways
and the railroad dairies flourish. A
large number of skimming stations and
creameries have been established, not
ably In the upper end of the county
along the Columbia River and Wil
lamette Slough. Dairy producta find
ready market at low cost, as there Is
access to Portland both by river and
rail. Here the horticulturist finds soil
and climate In which fruit and nut
bearing trees, except those peculiar to
the tropics, grow to perfection. Min
eral development has hardly begun.
The Nehalem coal fields and iron moun
tains are inexhaustible, but the qual
ity of the products remains to be set
tled. Railroads would make Columbia
one of the most productive of Oregon
counties. These apparently are not far
off
COOS COUNTY, with 13,000,000,000
feet of merchantable timber. In
solid bodies, standing oer Ave
and six feet of lignite coal; agricul
ture that sows little and reaps much;
a climate which stands first for even
ness of its temperature; a harbor with
the deepest entrance between San Fran
cisco and the Columbia River offers
' great inducements to tho homeseeker.
One-half the area of the county is a
forest of fir, cedar, spruce and hem
lock. The coal is in many respects su
perior in quality and quantity to any
found on the Pacific Coast. The depos
its are nearly continuous and unbroken
in their linear courses. The valleys
and river bottoms are fertile to a high
degree. Potatoes yield as high as 600
bushels to the acre. Fruit of all kinds
grows well and there Is no better re
gion In Oregon for dairying and bee
culture. Coos county's isolation from
the remainder of Oregon, and its de
pendence upon the sea and the stage
for communication with the world, re
tard its development, but a brighter day
is dawning for it.
CROOK COUNTY will be benefited
by Irrigation. The county's rough,
broken surface, with large areas
of what Is called waste land, seem to
make It essentially a stock-raising
county. Through the agency of irriga
tion much of the sage lands will be re
claimed, and hay, grain and vegetable
growth will be added to the stockrais
ing and stockfeedlng facilities. Where
irrigation is feasible, the sage lands
yield abundant crops of alfalfa and
grain, the third crop of the former
not being uncommon. Vegetables
thrive and fruit is successfully grown
In the northern and central sections of
the county. Mining is carried on.
CURRY COUNTY'S topography is
mountainous, with numerous pla
teaus of various sizes and eleva
tions, covered with forests or brush.
On all the streams rich bottom lands
abound. These were located by the
first settlers, and form the backbone
of the agricultural wealth of the county,
though there are many mountain
ranches which dispute the superiority
of the alluvials. The largest body of
arid land has a triangular shape, with
Its apex at Port Orford, and its base
Respurc
QtheWest
extending Into Coos County. It Is an
old ocean bed raised up, with an old
beach, rich In gold, skirting the foot
hills. Quartz and placer gold Is found
In all sections. There are rich copper
deposits at tho mouth of Rogue River.
Borate of lime Is extensively mined on
the coast near, Chetco. Chrome and
coal are found. Dairying Is the chief
occupation of those, who live adjacent
.to the coast. Livestock is an impor
tant Industry. As a fruit region Curry
will compare favorably with any sec
tion of the state. The salmon fisheries
and lumber are very valuable.
DOUGLAS COUNTY 13 one of Ore
gon's garden spots. The general
character of the soli In the val
leys Is alluvial, deep, rich and produc
tive of grain, grasses, vegetables of
every variety common to the temperate
zone. The county Is peculiarly adapted
to stockraising from the fact that do
mestic animals, -except cows and work
horsey, pick up their own living In the
open air, the year round. The county
has nearly 24,000,000,000 feet of standing
timber. In the valleys and foothills
oak Is the dominant species. The Cas
cade and Coast Ranges are vast for
ests of fir, pine and cedar. Large tim
bered areas are adjacent to the Ump
qua and Its tributaries. Douglas County
has both quartz and placer gold mines.
GILLIAM COUNTY Is one of the
small counties of Oregon in point
of area, but It Is a land of big
things In all other respects. Stock,
grain, hay, vegetables, are raised. The
contour of the county varies from tho
alluvial bottom lands lying along the
streams to the equally fertile table
lands of the higher altitudes. The al
luvial lands are perfectly adapted to
fruit and Vegetables, while the . high
lands yield bountiful harvests of cere
als. Not many years ago stockraising
overshadowed farming. It was then
thought that the land could not be
cultivated, but experiment proved oth
erwise, and now the farmer is King.
GRANT COUNTY is mountainous,
but It has a number of fertile val
leys, the chief of which Is the
John Day. Stockraising Is the princi
pal Industry. John Day Valley is 60
miles long, and averages 12 miles In
width. The soil is a sandy loam, a good
retainer of heat at night. Irrigation
would transform the valley Into one of
the "most productive sections of Oregon.
Half the land qf Bear Valley is va
cant, and stockmen own much of the
other half. Agricultural development Is
limited. Logan Valley Is principally
owned by stockmen and utilized as a
Summer pasture. Silvle's Valley Is a
- Fall pasture for the same stockmen
who control Logan Valley. Fox Val
ley, ' 20 miles north of Canyon City,
raises grain, vegetables and stock, and
ships butter and 'cheese. " The Long
Creek country is principally table
land. It produces good crops of grain
without irrigation. Grant County Is
one of Oregon's great mining sections.
Thousands of locations have been made
In the. past three years.
T t ARNEY- COUNTY has rolling hills,
II chains, and consequently several
deep canyons, lofty mountain
varieties of climate. Timber of fine
quality covers the mountain sides. Fir,
tamarack, yellow and bull pine pre
dominate. On the lower knobs Juniper
and mountain mahogany are plentiful.
The spll along the river and creek bot
toms Is a mixture of vegetable mold
and sediment. It produces a variety of
natural grasses bluejolnt, sugar grass
and redtop which make fine hay. The
upland Is thickly and firmly set with
a hardy growth of bunchgrass, afford
ing both Summer and Winter range.
Cereals grow nearly everywhere, but
are at their best alons the streams
where the water can be diverted for
irrigation. Wheat runs from 30 to 75
bushels to the acre, and one field near
Burns yielded 78 bushels per acre of
merchantable wheat In 1897. Orchard
products are free from insect pests.
The soil Is believed to be adapted to
the cultivation of sugar beets.
JACKSON COUNTY Is the acknowl
edged center of the most delight
ful climatic belt on the Pacific
Coast a golden mean between the.
moisture of the Willamette Valley and
Puget Sound on the north and tle
droughts of California on the south.
Among the principal industries are di
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versified agriculture, horticulture, stock
raising and gold mining. In the past
50 years the mines of Jackson County
have added between $30,000,000 and $32,
500,000 o the country's gold supply. All
varieties of fruit are produced. Ash
land peaches are favorites in the mar
kets of the Pacific Coast. Grain, in
cluding corn, grows without Irrigation.
The forests hold a vast wealth of sugar
and yellow pine and fir.
JOSEPHINE, one of the richest of
Oregon's counties, was until re
cently one of Its least developed
sections. Fifty years ago It had a large
mining population, which overran the
surface of the country, mining where
there was good pay at little outlay.
When the rich placers appeared to bp
exhausted, the industry declined and
the population drifted away, leaving
the real wealth of the region untouched.
All the mountains are rich in minerals,
and under systematic work the gold
production is now much larger than
ever. Mines are only part of Jose
phine's resources. The streams that
make placer work so profitable can
also be utilized for irrigation. Noth
ing finer In the way of agricultural
possibilities can be found anywhera
than in the fertile valley of the Rogue
River. From this valley comb the
choicest fruits and vegetables, while
the output of melons is something pro
digious. Agriculture, horticulture and
stockraising have made rapid strides
In the past three or four years. The
county's standing timber, appraised at
75 cents per thousand stumpage, Is an
asset which approximates $4,500,000.
KLAMATH COUNTY Is pre-eminently
fitted by nature for stockraising.
The possibilities of the Industry ara
practically unlimited, owing to the
natural systems of Irrigation. Capital
has been Interested in the county In
recent years, and many miles of Irri
gation canals have been made. Water
has been turned upon the waste lands,
making them produce from five to seven
tons of alfalfa per acre. The most valu
able natural resource of the county
Is the pine timber,, which covers 1,250,
000 acres. The largest and most valu
able tract lies north of the Klamath
River, and Is known as the Jenny
Creek belt. It contains fully 5,000,000,
000 feet of the finest sugar and yellow
pine. Klamath County produces grain,
fruits, and even hops and tobacco in
small quantities.
LAKE COUNTY'S resources are ag
riculture, stockraising and fruit
growing. Wheat runs from 30 tc
75 bushels to the acre, barley from 30
to 90 bushels, and alfalfa, without Ir
rigation after July, produces approxi
mately four tons to the acre. The nat
ural meadow lands grow a quality of
grass superior to some of the tame
grasses. Experiment has so overcome
the elements that where once the po
tato was considered an Impossibility
the tomato is now common. Gardens
produce everything known to Southern
California. Stockraising Is the main
resource of the" people. The principal
valleys, are Gopse Lake, Warner, Sil
ver Lake, Summer Lake, Chewaucan,
Drew's and Crooked River. All aro well
watered.
LANE COUNTY Is half prairie land,
with very rich soli, producing
abundant crops of grain, hay, fruit
and vegetables, and half hill and up
land. The table-lands bordering the
valleys are partly covered with timber
or brush, most of It being open enough
for fine pasturage. These lands are fer
tile and yield abundant crops when cul
tivated. Every crop that grows in the
Willamette Valley gr.ows in Lane.
Nearly all the farms are supplied from
natural sources with the best of water.
The immense timber wealth, aggregat
ing nearly 29,000,000,000 feet. Is Just be
ginning to receive attention, and Lane
now cuts more lumber than any county
in the state except Multnomah. The
famous Bohemia mining district, des
tined to become the Cripple Creek of
Oregon, lies partly In Lane County.
LINN is a typical Willamette Vallei
County in climate and products.
Its products are cereals, hops,
fruit, wool, stock, dairying, and some
tobacco. The varied character of the
land invites the homeseeker, no mat
ter what branch of farming he may
elect to follow. The farmer who "best
succeeds in Linn is the one who keep
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