10
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1900.
FISH HARVEST, 1900
Commissioner Reed Makes
His Annual Report.
EAR'S OUTPUT OVER $3,000,000
Recommendations Made for aiodia
catlon. of Existing Lairs "What
Has Been Bone at the Hatch
eries Predatory Animals.
BALEM, Dec. 11. iFlsh Cammlssloner F.
C. Reed today submitted to Governor
Beer his second annual report for the
ear ending December 1, 1S00. He give a
connected statement In chronological or
der of his official acts, presents details or
his several visits to all the hatcheries In
the state, together -with important sta
tistics as to the number of salmon eggs
placed, and incidentally offers suggestions
is to how the efficiency of hatcheries
may be Increased.
Why Salmon Arc Decimated.
Commissioner Reed is of the opinion
that the Eastern Oregon and Idaho settler
Is responsible, in a large degree, for the
decrease in the number of salmon. On
this subject, he says:
On September 14, the, -writer made a
trip to Idaho in search of a location
where salmon were plentiful enough to
Justify the erection of a hatchery. The
first stop was made at Ontario, Or., where
I consulted my deputy, William O'Brien,
an old resident of that part of the state.
In regard to the Malheur River, having
previously heard that quite a number of
salmon ascended this stream. Mr.
O'Brien informed me, however, that no
salmon hod been seen In the Malheur Riv
er for the pasc 10 years, and at this time,
when they should have been going up to
spawn, there was not more than 40 inche
of water running in the river.
This Is another Instance which goes to
show that the supply of salmon is de
creasing to an alarming extent. In early
days they entered this river in large num
bers. In this, as In many other cases, the
decrease cannot all be attributed to the
amount of salmon that are caught before
they reach this point, buf largely owing
to the fact that the country through
which this stream flows is being more
thickly settled, and I am sorry to say
that when people see salmon in shallow
water in any of our streams, it matters
not whether they are flt for food or not
(and It Is safe to. say that no salmon is
suitable for food during the spawning
season), It appears to be the second na
ture of some people to destroy, them by
some means, as Is done with the deer and
all kinds of game.
Another and more Important reason for
salmon not entering many of the streams
of Eastern Oregon and Idaho In such
large numbers as they did years ago must
be attributed to the settler. This part of
the country being dry. requiring Irriga
tion during the Summer months, dams
have been built on nearly all of the small
streams, the water being taken from
them and carried In ditches for miles for
this purpose, thus destroying much of the
best spawning grounds.
Or. leaving Ontario. I went to Bliss. Ida
ho, for the purpose of Inspecting the loca
tion at Salmon Falls. Nearly the sama
conditions existed there as elsewhere,
with a like complaint from the settlers
that but few salmon now found their
way up there, whereas, years ago they
came In large numbers. In my opinion,
the law should be changed. If a change
is necessary, so that the Fish Commis
sioner can erect hatcheries outside of the
state.
Game Warden Shonld Care for Tront
In regard to the trout. The care and
protection of them and all game fish
should be eliminated from the Fish Com
missioners' duties, and should be turned
over to the Game Warden. At any rate,
should this not be done, more money and
help should be furnished the Fish Com
missioner to aid him In performing his
duties in that respect. I believe, how
ever, that the members of the Oregon
Fish and Game Association, which Is the
leading sportsmen's club in the state, beside-?
all other sportsmen, will bear me
out in this recommendation. I dare say
that all who read this report will con
clude that the writer Is no sportsman,
and so far as trout fishing is concerned,
they will be correct.
Where I.nrvs Need Changing.
Mr. Reed evidently has made a careful
study of the effect of the laws relating
to Oregon's fishing Industries, and a large
part of his report Is devoted to discussing
them and to modifications which he
thinks should be made. On this subject
he says:
Since my last report on the operation
of the law governing the fishing In the
State of Oregon, having bad one more
season In which to observe the results
"of the same, I find It Is very Important
that some changes be made In addition
to Jhose recommended at that time, and
,01 irould therefore suggest that the fol
lowing changes be made In the law passed
at the special session of the Legislature
in 1S9S:
CLOSE SEASONS.
Section 1. Have this section altered so
that the Spring close season for the Co
lumbia and Willamette Rivers and their
tributaries begins at 6 A. M. January 1,
and continue until 6 P. M. April 30. The
Fall close season on the Columbia River
from 6 A.M. August 15 to 6 P. M. Sep
tember 15. As this change may appear
to be extensive, it may be well for me
to give some reasons for my recommenda
tions. First The chinook salmon entering the
Columbia River during the months of
January, February, March and April
should be protected. If not molested, they
would go to the spawning-grounds In
the Clackamas and Sandy Rivers, and
would materially Increase the number of
eggs that could be taken at these sta
tions. Second During the months of January.
February and March tiiere Is a good run
of steelheads on their way to the spawning-grounds,
which, if allowed free pass
age up the river, would do more toward
keeping up the supply of this valuable
fish than anything that might be done
until some suitable location be found in
which to propagate them.
For recommendations regarding Coos
River, see report of 1S99. For the Necanl
cum and Ohana Creeks, see report of
1S99
All coast streams, except Rogue River,
close from 6 A. M. January 1 to C P. M.
August 1, and from CA.1L November 16
to 6 P. M. December 15.
In regard to sale of confiscated fish, see
report for 1S99.
Sec. 2. Give Fish Commissioner author
ity to build racks on any of the small
streajns In the state, and make It unlaw
ful to fish within two miles below same.
Sec i. The distance between pound
nets, traps or weirs should be 1000 feet,
and distance between set nets 300 feet,
allowing no lead or shear to extend down
6troam from any part of the pot or pound
of the trap, and no set net shall have any
shear or wing extending down stream
from the outer end thereof. Also no set
net or other fixed appliance shall extend
more than two-thirds the distance across
any stream in the state at ordinary low
water.
INDIVIDUAL licenses
Sec 16. In my report for 1S99 I recom
mended the repeal of the individual
license, giving my reason for so doing.
Having had another season In which to
note the operations of this portion of the
law. In my opinion, if this law is repealed,
there will be no means of preventing
those who are not citizens from engaging
in the fishing, which would in a few
years permit much of the fishing to be
done by Japanese and other aliens.
Therefore, should this law be repealed,
provision should be made whereby those
who fish In the waters of this state may
obtain from the Clerk of his county a
certificate that he is a registered voter
of such county, and upon presenting this
certificate to the Fish Commissioner, who
shall enter the name and number of the
holder in a book kept for that purpose.
If the individual license is repealed, the
licenses for the different appliances may
be increased 20 per cent.
Sec 17. See report for 1E99.
TAX ON COLJ-STORAGE BUSINESS.
Sec. 18. I wish to change recommenda
tions made In 1S99 report In reference to
this section, and would suggest that the
law governing cold-storage dealers and
peddlers be changed to the effect that
each shall pay a license of $2 50 per year,
regardless of the amount of salmon han
dled, and 30 cents per ton gross on each
ton of fish handled. The reason for this
change is that the present law Is very
complicated in this respect, in ,the case
of dealers almost prohibiting a hew firm
from engaging in the business, as they
are compelled to pay a license of $250.
Then, again. In regard to dealers and
peddlers who were engaged in business
prior to the enactment of this law, and
did not handle 10 tons of salmon and stur
geon combined, they are not required to
pay any license, while those not engaged
in the business prior to the enactment
of this law are required to pay a license
fee of $10, regardless of the amount of
fish handled by them.
Sec 21. Under this section each and all
pound nets or traps are required to show
at night time a white light. This Is very
confusing, both to large and small crafts
navigating the river at night, and should
be chaned so that only the pound nets
or traps bordering on the channel be com
pelled to show a light. In the same sec
tion the provision for numbering the
boats should be changed to the effect
that the Fish Commissioner be authorized
to- furnish the number each year, such
expense to be paid from the license fund;
also have authority to change the color
or size of the figures from year to year,
so that, when seeing the number on the
boat, it can be readily determined if it
be a number Issued for that year.
INSUFFICIENT APPROPRIATIONS.
Sec 22. The amount of money appro
priated for the expenses of the Fish
Commissioner is insufficient for the re
quirements of the law. I have endeavored
during the past two years to be as eco
nomical as possible, and yet, for the last
three months of each year have had no
funds, either for the enforcement of the
law or for my expenses. I would, there
fore, recommend that the last part of this
.section, relating to the hire of patrol
boats, traveling, office and other neces
sary expenses of the Fish Commissioner,
be omitted, and that section 23 be amend
ed as follows:
Sec 23. I would suggest that the State
of Oregon be but one district; that is, all
moneys collected from licenses, etc, go
into one fund, to be known as the hatch
ery fund, and the necessary expenses of
the Fish Commissioner, as cited above, be
paid out of this fund, also the expenses
of operating and maintaining all hatch
eries already built, or any that may be
built In the future, but, as near in pro
portion to the amount collected In tho
vicinity of each hatchery as may be pos
sible. Sec 25. See report for 1E99.
DEPUTIES.
Sec 26. The Fish Commissioner should
be allowed one deputy at a yearly salary
to hold office at the pleasure of the Com
missioner. As the law now stands, there
are three deputies allowed, each of whom
naturally desire to put In his time as
quickly as possible. In order that he may
secure other employment. It can scarce
ly be expected that' a man working for
the sum of 5300 per year be ready at any
and all times to serve the Fish Commis
sioner. During the past twp years, I have
been obliged to appoint deputies to take
the places of my regular appointees,
owing to the latter having employment
they could not leave without Injury to
themselves in a financial way.
The provision for appointing a special
deputy In each county without pay, ex
cept one-half of the fines collected In case
of conviction, is practically a dead letter,
for I have been able to find but vers few
good men who were willing to devote
their time and expenses In attempting to
make convictions for violations of the
law, and then take chances on getting pay
for the same. The Fish Commissioner
should have the authority to appoint a
special deputy for each stream In the
state where. In his judgment, one Is need
ed, and allow such deputy reasonable
compensation for the time he Is employed
under the direction of the "Fish Commis
sioner. It Is also essential that the state fur
nish the Fish Commissioner a patrol-boat
that can be had at any time when need
ed For the past two years It has been
very difficult to get a suitable boat when
one was required, being In use during the
fishing season, either by the canneries or
cold-storage dealers. When one could be
had for a few days, however. It ofttlmes
proved to be too large and expensive, and
required too great a depth of water to
go In many parts of the river where the
fishing-boats were, or too small to go
near the mouth of the river, where the
greater part of the fishing Is done. Many
complaints have been received from fish
ermen who paid their licenses, stating
that others were fishing without doing so.
and In order to locate these violators, it
is necessary to have a patrol-boat on the
river for the greater part of the fishing
season. There should also be one patrol
boat cruising the river continuously dur
ing the close season. This is the only
way to enforce the law as It should be
done, and to do so more funds will be
necessary.
NECESSITT FOR LEGISLATION.
It may seem out of place to have st
much fish legislation brought up at each
session of the Legislature, but what oth
er Industry have we of such commercial
advantage to many of our citizens? What
other Industry have we that gives em
ployment to as many of our people? I
claim, and without fear of successful con
tradiction, that no question to come be
fore our next Legislative Assembly Is of
such Importance to as many people as Is
the fishing Industry of the state. The
law enacted at the special session In 189S,
taxing those directly Interested In the
fishing Industry, was recommended by the
writer 10 years ago, and had It become
a law at that time the Industry would
not have decreased to Its present condi
tion. The only protection given salmon
for the past four years, to enable some
of them to get to their spawning grounds,
has been the close seasons from March 1
to April 15 and from August 10 to Sep
tember 10. Prior to this was a weekly
close time from Saturday, 6 P. M., to
Sunday 6 P. M. The repeal of this pro
vision was a serious mistake, as It gave
the fish a free run of 24 hours, and the
re-enactment of this law. with sufficient
funds for Its enforcement, with an addi
tional 12 hours per week, from 6 A.M. on
Saturday until 6 P. M. the following Sun
day, would be of far more benefit to the
industry than either the Spring or Fall
close season.
By the statistics. It will be seen that
the decline In the output has been far
more perceptible since the repeal of the
Sunday close season law.
DESTRrPTION OF PREDATORT ANIMALS.
In addition to the above recommenda
tions, some action should be taken 'at
the coming session of the Legislature
for the destruction of the thousands of
seal and sea lions found along the coast
and near the mouths of the rivers, prey
ing on salmon during the entire season.
In order to give an Idea of the amount
of salmon thus destroyed, will relate an
Instance which took place In the Spring
of 1899. A large sea lion, which was
caught In a pound net near the mouth of
the Columbia River, was killed and taken
to Astoria, and from there to Portland,
where It was prepared for the museum.
Upon dissecting the carcass, it was found
to contain about 200 pounds of salmon
not yet digested. In this Instance, the sea
Hon had not been In the pound net to
exceed 12 hours, and during that time
had eaten 2O0 pounds of salmon. This
may have been more than he could have
caught had he not been In the trap, but
it goes to show how much fish they can
eat when an opportunity offers. In the
open water they seldom get more thaa
one bite from a salmon, for when they
have caught a fish they usually come to
the surface, and, raising their head, give
the salmon one or two shakes, similar
to a dog with a rat, the salmon being
torn Into pieces, which are scattered for
many feet, few of them ever being picked
up by the Hon, preferring to have the
sport of catching another salmon.
Another circumstance came to my no
tice a few years ago, showing the number
of fish one seal will destroy In 24 hours.
Two fishermen had a net set for steel
heads, getting from eight to twelve fish
each night (steelheads were more plenti
ful then than now), when they failed
for several nights to catch any fish.
Thinking some other fishermen were tak
ing the fish, they concluded to watch
and catch the thief, which proved to be
a large seal. After killing the seal they
again continued to get the usual num
ber of steelheads, showing that this one
seal could eat or kill or destroy from
eight to twelve fish every day. I think
it is safe to say that the seal and sea
lions eat or kill and destroy at least one
fourth as many salmon during the fish
ing season as are caught by all the fish
ermen. The above may be a low estimate, but
let us see what It will amount to: Allow
ing the salmon pack to reach 350,000
cases, which means at least 1.050.000 sal
mon, one-fourth of which would be 262,500
salmon at 20 pounds each, making 5,250,000
pounds, which, at the rate of 6 cents
per pound, amounts to $341,250; and this
nice little sum has gone for what pur
pose? To feed these creatures that are
of no value, except for their hides and
the oil that may be made from the car
cass. I would therefore recommend that a law
be passed giving a bounty of 51 each for
the scalps of the seal and $2 50 each for
the scalp of the sea Hon, the bounty to
be paid from the llcnse fund, which I
think would be sufficient. In addition to
what can be made from the sale of hides
and oil, to Induce hunters to kill a
great many of these fish-eaters, and the
money thus expended would do as much
good as If used In hatching salmon.
Another entirely worthless creature,
which, I am sure, many will agree with
me, is no ornament to our bays and
streams, and should bo destroyed; this is
the cormorant, or what Is commonly
called the shag, which Inhabits the bays
and streams along the coast and lives en
tirely upon small fish. While they may
catch some which are of no use, they also
catch many of the young salmon on their
way to the ocean, as they sometimes
stay between the salt and fresh water
before going to sea. A bounty of 5 cents
per head on these birds would be the
means of having many killed, thus ren
dering that much more protection to sal
mon. FISHWAY AT WILLAMETTE FALLS.
Another very Important matter In con
nection with the fishing industry Is the
flshway at the falls of the Willamette.
In 1S93, there was an appropriation of
510,000 made to build a flshway over these
fall?. A part of the money was ex
pended in having some work done on a
plan recommended by the Board of Fish
Commission In Jts report for 1892, which
plan was to blast a suitable channel
through the first or lower break for the
fish to have easy access to the same, and
to thus continue the channel for some
distance up the Island, and also blast out
some deep holes at suitable places along
these channels for the fish to rest In.
This channel should be deepened some at
the lower end, and In several places fur
thei up, also more and better pools or
resting places made. The expense of
putting In such flshway would. In my
opinion, not exceed $1000.
Hatcheries.
Mr. Reed, under the head of "Hatch
eries," gives exact statistics for each one
and thus summarizes:
Amount appropriated for the con
struction of hatcheries, 1S99-1900..515.000 00
Amount exponded In the con
struction of hatcheries In district
No. 3. 1S09 $ 38 20
District No. 6. 1S99 3.26S 04
District No. 2, 1900 505 64
District No. 3, 1900 342 30
Total S 4.155 IS
Balance unexpended 510.S44 S2
The above shows that only a small por
tion of the appropriation for the construc
tion of hatcheries has been expended dur
ing the past two years, one of the prin
cipal reasons being that the provisions of
the law governing the appropriation lim
its the number of hatcheries to be built
to "two on the Columbia or its tributa
ries, and two on some other suitable
streams In the state." . . .
In this connection, I trust you will rec
ommend to the Legislative Assembly that
the unexpended balance of the appropria
tion for the construptlon of hatcheries
made In 1S93 be still held available for the
purpose for which It was originally ap
propriated. This will enable us to build
a. small hatchery on each of the coast
streams where suitable locations can be
found while If we have to depend upon
amounts collected from licenses In each
district to do so. It will take years to ac
complish the object. The coast streams
are qalte small, and In most cases several
In one district, with no accessible way
of getting from one to the other. For
Instance. In the fifth district is included
the Nehalem River, Tillamook Bay and
tributary streams Nestucca, Salmon Riv
er, Siletz River, Taquina River, Beaver
Creek and Alsea River. Were there roads
or any means of transportation between
these streams one hatchery would be
sufficient to supply all, as the young flsh
could be distributed from the hatching
station to all of these streams. As it is
now, the people on each stream claim
that they should have a hatchery, as they
are paying licenses for that purpose.
Therefore, the people living on the coast
streams are Justly entitled to the unex
pended balance of the aforesaid appro
priation, not only for the construction or
hatcheries, but In some places where the
amount collected from licenses Is very
small. It should be used to help operate
the same. The amount of money distrib
uted among the people In the coast coun
ties from the fishing Industry Is quite
small when compared with the Columbia
River. Nevertheless, it Is of great Import
ance to them, and they feel that they are
entitled to some help from the state to
maintain it.
Over 32,000,000 Young Flub. Planted.
The following table Is presented, show
ing number of chinook salmon eggs taken
and young flsh planted from the different
stations In Oregon for the year 1SO0:
No. eggs
Where taken. taken.
Upper Clackamas 2.607,000
Salmon River 1,260,003
Umpqua River 200.000
Little White Salmon 600,000
Coos Bay 520,000
Sluslaw 450,000
Little White Salmon 1,150.000
U. S. S. Clackamas 1.500,000
Little White Salmon 3,000,000
Total - f... 11.2S7.C00
Steelheads
Salmon River 250,000
Estimated, not yet hatched.
From the latest report from the State
of Washington, they will plant in the Co
lumbia River and its tributaries. Includ
ing those from .he United States station,
about 19.CO0.OM chinook, 4.000,000 sllversldes
and 1.000,000 steelheads, making a grand
total for the year 1900 of
Chlnooks 27,120,000
Sllversldes 4.000.000
Steelheads 1,200.000
Total ,...32,320,000
Other Flsh, Shellfish "and Crustacean
Commissioner Reed defends the shad.
condemns striped bass as destructive of
salmon, wants protection for sturgeon,
says a good work for crawfish, thinks
clams need no help from lawmakers, de
clares the law protecting salmon trout
was a serious mistake, and should be
repealed, says carp have the negative
good quality of not destroying salmon,
and that It will take tne output of one
hatchery to feed the black bass.
Habit, of Chlaoelc Salmoa.
An interesting chapter is devoted to the
habits of the chinook salmon, and another
to the methods of taking fish, in which
all the natural and unnatural appliances
are clearly described. Mr. Reed con
cludes: "There is no way in which the
different appliances for taking flsh can be
curtailed and do Justice to all concerned;
the only way to protect the salmon and
perpetuate the Industry Is to shorten the
fishing season, thereby giving more of
the fish a chance to reach their spawn
ing grounds, and construct hatcheries
wherever suitable locations and sufficient
numbers of eggs can be secured to Justify
the expense."
Value of Salmes Pack of lOOO.
Amount and value or each species of
Spring pack of salmon on the Oregon
side of the Columbia River for the year
1900:
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 167,817 $1,174,719 00
Bluebacks 5.607 39,299 00
Steelheads 8,691 43,455 00
Total 182,115 $1,257,473 00
Same for Washington side, same season:
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook S6.S32 $ 607.824 00
Bluebacks 7,555 52.SS5 00
Steelheads 7,SS2 39,910 00
Total 102,369 $ 700,619 00
Total for both aides:
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 254.649 $1,782,543 CO
Bluebacks 13,162 92,184 00
Steelheads 16,673 83,365 00
Total 234,484 $1,958,002 00
Fall pack, Oregon side
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 3,476 $ 17,365 00
Sllversldes 25,645 115.402 50
Steelheads , 2,617 13.0S5 00
Chums 17,696 63,706 GO
Total 49,431 $ 209,55310
Washington side
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 4,270 $ 2L350 00
auversmes 13.ZS0 86,760 00
Steelheads 1,307 6,535 00
Total 24.S57 $ 114,645 00
Total Fall pack
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 7,743 $ 38,715 00
Sllversldes 44.925 202,162 50
Steelheads 3,924 19,620 00
Chums 17,696 63,706 60
Total .74.28S $ 324,203 10
Recapitulation, Spring and Fall pack-
Variety. Cases. Value.
Spring pack 284,484 $1,958,092-00
Fall pack 74.2SS 324,203 10
Total 358,772 $2,2829610
Coast streams and bays
Variety. Cases. Value.
Chinook 13,261 $ 74,789 00
Sllversldes 50,987 214.145 40
Chums ,5,552 34,337 20
Total 73,800 $-323,32160
Grand total
Variety. Cases. Value.
Columbia river 358,772 $2,282,296 10
Oregon coast, streams
and bays 73,500 323,321 60
Total 432,672 $2,606,616 70
Amount and value of each species of
fish caught in Columbia River and other
streams In Oregon, which has been con
sumed locally and shipped East for the
year 1900
. " Pounds. Value.
Salmon, fresh 2,402,571 $168,175
Salhion, pickled 2,496,440 174.650
Sturgeon 52,019 3,621
Smelt 260,200 13,010
Shad 295.760 H.S22
Catfish ; 68.658 3,432
Tom cod 5,490 227
Total 5.380,138 $374,967
Amount and 'value of Bhell flsh taken In
the State of Oregon for the year 1900
Variety. Amount, Value.
Crawfish 42,000 doz. $ 8.400
Clams 37,500 bush. 37,000
Oysters 563 sacks 1,9SS
Total $47,3SS
ASIATICS IN OUR ARMY.
Why Not Enlist Them for Foreign
Service?
LONG CREEK. Or., Dec 7. To the
Editor.) Extending our system of gov
ernment over half-clvlllzed communities
Is a business In which we have not, as
yet, had much experience and we have
much to learn In regard to It. The most
Intellectual nations of Europe have been
the most successful colonists and so far
as Intelligence Is concerned, the Ameri
can Nation Is surely second to no other.
As our experience Increases we will doubt
less become wiser and more successful
In regard to colonization. . We all know
that In order to successfully carry out the
policy of expansion It will, for some time
to come, be necessary to keep a large
army in our newly-acquired possessions.
The cost of this army Is one of the prin
cipal arguments which Is now made use
of against the policy of expansion, but
I think that this cost Is at present much
greater than It need to be It has been
demosstrated by both England and Amer
ica that very good soldiers can be ob
tained from the Inferior races of men.
In an editorial published in The Oregordan
of August 3, you say:
"The truth Is. That the vast majority
of some healthy men make excellent sol
diers, when well armed, well disciplined,
and above all when, well led. Colors and
races don't count nearly so much as
leadership. Napoleon's armies Included
many thousands, of men who were not
Frenchmen of blood or even birth. The
army of Hannibal was a mixture of all
colors and qualities."
This being the case, why t&C All up
the rank and file of our arm;, to a con
siderable extent with Asiatics, and prin
cipally with Japanese? I have some
where seen It stated that the expense
of our army In the Philippines Is about
$2000 per annum for each man In the
service. Asiatics could be employed as
soldiers for less than one-fourth of thl3
sum and they could be trained to do
very efficient work. In regard to the
Japanese, J. J. Hill, the railroad mag
nate. In an interview which was pub
lished In the month of June, 1899, among
other things, said:
"It is only right to say that having
tried the Japanese we find them the most
satisfactory laborers we have. They are
willing, cheerful and strong; they work
a little cheaper, and that is a point, of
1 course. But the great advantage of the
No. fish. a
planted. Where planted.
2,4SO,000 Upper Clackamas River
L190.000 Salmon River.
190,000 Umpqua River.
540,000 Umpqua River.
470,000 Coos and Coqullle Rivers.
427,000 Sluslaw and Taquina Rivers.
L13S.500 Sluslaw and Taquina Rivers.
1,480,000 Lower Clackamas River.
2,970,000 Lower Clackamas River.
10,885,500
200,000 Salmon River.
labor of the Japanese over any other
labor now available in the Northwest Is
their reliability. It comes mainly from
their temperance and their personal clean
liness. Most white laborers, and especial
ly Italians, will not keep themselves and
the places they Uve In clean. The result
Is disease. "We have great trouble to
keep typhoid fever out of the camps.
Exactly as it was hard to keep 'disease
out of the volunteer army camps last
year. Disease and Intemperance Incapaci
tate a large proportion, of white laborers.!
much of the time, and few of them
are busy more than four days in the
week, the year through. . . . With the
Japanese it is different. When Sunday
comes tney make things clean and take
their rest Uke sensible fellows. Perhaps
they can't do as much work, man for
man, as the whites, and a larger fores
may be required, but they are always
cheerful, always healthy, always ready
to work. They are never tramps."
On.e great advantage which could be
gained by making use of Asiatics for
common soldiers would arise from the
saving in the cost of transportation; an
other would arise from the fact that
they are already acclimated and that
they are, as a general rule, more tem
perate than whites who are found In the
ranks of the army and hence would be
less liable to disease and Insanity. An
other advantage which might be gained
by enlisting Asiatics would be in the
reduction of pensions. Soldiers who are
wounded or disabled in our military serv
ice should be suitably provided for, no
difference whether they are white, black
or yellow: but there are not many of the
Asiatics who will become voters and there
would therefore not bo the same tempta
tion to carry the pension system to ex
tremes with them that there appears to
be with Americans.
It is probably not desirable that Japan
ese and other Asiatics should be allowed
to come Into competition, to any great
extent, with white laborers In the United
States; but so far as serving in the army
In our newly acquired possessions
Is concerned. I feel about as liberal In
regard to them as Artemus Ward did
about having his wife's relatives serve
In the army during the War of tho Re
bellion. I served in the United States
Army In Mexico for a few months dur
ing the years 1847 and 1848. and I have had
a sufficient amount of experience in mili
tary life to mako me fully satisfied that
a private soldier In the army In wartime-
does not occupy a very desirable
situation, especially when he is serving
under untrained volunteer officers.
There la also room for great Improve
ment In our methods of selecting and
education of commissioned officers. It Is
necessary for police and other purposes
to keep a standing army of about 25.000
soldiers within the limits of our states
and organized territories, why not fill
up the ranks of the army, to a consid
erable extent, with boys from 16 to 21
years of age, who. while they are growing
up to be men, could be educated for army
officers. These youths should pass an ex
amination in regard to their physical,
mental and moral qualifications before
they are admitted Into the service, and
after they are admitted should be paid
reasonable, but not exorbitant salaries.
They should be required, whenever called
upon, to perform the same duties that
our regular soldiers are now required to
perform, and at the same time should re
ceive educations, perhaps not as thor
ough, but somewhat similar, to that of
the West Point cadets. Civilians might
be employed, to some extent, as their
teachers, in case that commissioned army
officers should find the work of instruc
tion Irksome. The boys should be taught
military science In all of Its branches.
Including tactics and strategy and the
various Improvements which have In late
years been made In the art of war. They
should know how an army should be fed
and clothed, and what lt3 requirements
are, both In camp and on the march.
They should be taught to avoid gambling
and Intemperance, and should receive
some lessons In regard to health, econ
omy and morality. Severally they should
be specially educated In some trade, art
or science that would be useful both In
war and peace, for example, engineering,
surgery or the business of teaching, and
then, if he should find It unconvenlent to
remain In the army, he could go out Into
the ranks of civil life and there be able
to earn a livelihood. After these boys
have become educated, they should re
ceive the preference when army appoint
ments are to be made, and army com
missions should no longer be used as
a payment for political services.
Should the system which I have out
lined remain in operation for a few years.
It Is evident that the salaries of com
missioned army officers might be con
siderably reduced without any detriment
to the service. The laborer is worthy of
his hire; but after an abundance of la
borers have been obtained, their salaries
should be mostly regulated by the law of
supply and demand.
LUCIAN EVERTS.
Tfo Excuse for Farther Inaction.
Chicago Chronicle.
During the late contest for the Presi
dency, Secretary Gage Issued an unofficial
manifesto, setting forth that, while the
financial act of last March did much to
restore confidence In the purpose and the
power of the Government to maintain the
gold standard, It did not. In feet, estab
lish that standard securely.
In that document he undertook to show
that a President who was so disposed
could overthrow that standard' without in
any way violating the letter of the law.
He claimed. In effect, that the law was so
defective that It did not accomplish what
was understood to be Its chief purpose
In his annual report he remarks that
the law of last March needs re-enforcement
In some Important particulars, but
he Js not as specific as he might be. And
the President contents himself with an
expression of his confidence that Con
gress. In Its wisdom, will find a way to
nail the standard fast. But he makes no
specific recommendation.
This Is the more remarkable In view
of the fact that the finance bill, as It
passed the House, contained a provision
which covered the ground sufficiently. It
was a very brief and simple provision,
and could have been copied entire Into
the message without overburdening it.
It provided merely that. In order to
maintain the parity of the coins of the
two metals. It should be the duty of the
Secretary of the Treasury to pay gold
coin on demand for silver dollars. That
would have accomplished the avowed pur
pose, and no President or Secretary of
the Treasury could get around It without
openly violating an express provision of
law and laying himself liable to Impeach
ment. Since that would put us on a gold basis
until Congress should otherwise order,
why Is It not recommended? Do the Re
publican leaders hope to keep the danger
open to scare people In the campaign four
years from now? If so, they are fooling
themselves. There will be no possibility
of creating .any such scare four years
hence. The big hole In the law may as
well be stopped now as any time. It will
never serve a campaign purpose again.
FAST TIME.
The O. R. & N. operates through trains
and cars from Portland to Chicago giv
ing a choice of two routes, with three
trains a day each way. These trains are
operated on fast schedules and are
equipped with the latest types of Pull
man cars, both first and second class.
Ticket office. Third street, corner Oak.
For twenty-five cents, you can get Car
ter's Little Liver Pills the best liver reg
ulator In the world. Don't forget this.
One pill a dose.
Pears'
No other soap in
the world is- used so
much; or so little of
it goes so far.
All nrts of people twe Peam' eap, all sorts
ef (tores cell h, especially druggists.
Good
Things
on
Every
Haund!
l
CaJke
f 4E tastes better -when
V nri.i.ifr made with White
Cottolene. Its
neutral quality in
sre ht remits
Trv White Cottolene in ulace
of butter (using one-third
less") and see how Blessed
you will oe.
Fried
Chicken
is delicious when
White Cottolene is
the frying medium.
The delicate flavor
of the meat is brought
out to the fullest extent
tab. The most delicate
stomach -will relish it.
ff Croquettes
IT A are the daintiest
S reductions ofpru
ent housewives.
The make the
surplus items that
would otherwise be
turned into hash a delect
able delicacy provided they
not spoilea in irving.
White Cottolene adds a
-wholesome savor.
Fried
Potatoes
are always staple
and might as well
be appetizing and
tasty as not. All
that is necessary to have a
dish acceptable to all kinds
of stomachs is to use White
Cottolene.
WHITE
COTTOLENE
Is the Ideal cooking fat. It is superior to
batter and lard sot only because of its vege
table oil being more readily assimilated by
the stomach, but particularly as it adds a zest
to the appetite. It la peculiarly adapted to
bringing out the delicate flavors ofall articles.
It is a boon to all who lore good things to eat
and cannot assimilate anything but vegetable,
fats. It furnishes at least one instance where
the most healthful way of preparing food is
at the same time the most appetizing. Prom
inent cooks, chefs and physicians every
where use It in preference to any other shorN
enlsg or frying medium.
The N.K.Falrbank Company,
Chicago Sola Manufacturer.
FREE ! w dtr booklet,
mailed free to wj address. For
Oltf-lffitinn wilt ..nrf r a .
Its pgo redpe book, "Homi
Helpa,'Yellt4 by Mrs. Bcrer.
I CUT OUT
THIS AD
Enclose It to Me With
Ten Dollars
And I will furnish you, all com
plete, ready for use. my 1300 Model
No. 6 SANDEN ELECTRIC BELT.
It is superior in make, quality and
power to any belt offered by other
dealers for which they charge $30.
or more.
ACT TODAY
Because this offer will be held
open only for a limited time, as I
want to favor the many sufferers
who cannot afford to pay more for
a flrst-ciass electrical appliance
such as the Sanden Is.
DR. A, T. SANDEN
Corner 4th and Morrison Streets
S PORTLAND, OR,
i8(t(ssiet((itet(i
SOFTNESS OP SEALSKIN.
Is Rivaled By Hnmns Hair "Where
Dandruff Is Eradicated.
Sealskin Is admired the world over for
its softness and glossiness; and yet the
human hair Is equally as soft and glossy
when healthy: and the radical cause of
all hair trouble Is dandruff, which Is
caused by a pestiferous parasite that saps
the vitality of the hair at its root. New
bro's Herplclde is the only preparation
that Is fatal to the dandruff germ. "With
out dandruff no falling hair, but a lux
uriant growth of glossy, soft hair Is cer
tain. Scouring the scalp won't cure dan
druff. Kill the dandruff germ. Thou
sands of women owe their beautiful suits
of hair to Newbro's Herplclde.
DR. CROSSMAN'S
SPECIFIC MIXTURE
Xr the Care of Gonorrhoea. Glacis,
Stridor, nml aaalatmi conplKlnta
f the Urrsu of Ceaeratloa.
Xrico $1 a bottle. Tor sale by drugrUft.
are
m
D ft 2w j S
r S t? I N
t .s':::::.-,:.:.ssjjjasjjjc :- -, -.-.eg-
THE PALATIAL
OREGONIAN BUILDING
jfU
mllh lllHl
fffl 0 fill 111'
J3jIB E Aft iMMfflpppj
Sot a dark office la the building;
absolutely fireproof) electric lights
and artesian, water; perfect sanita
tion and thorough ventilation. Ele
vators run day and night.
Booms.
AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. Physician.... 603-600
ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Law... 612
ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell, Mgr..800
AUSTEN. P. C, Manager for Oreson and
Washington Bankers' Life Association, of
Des Moines. la 502-503
BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES
MOINES. IA.; P. C. Austen. Manaser.502-503
BATNTUN, GEO. R.. Manaxar for Chas.
Scrlbners' Sons ............513
BEALS. EDWARD A., Forecast Official TJ.
S. Weather Bureau 010
BENJAMIN. R. W.. Dentist 3H
BINSWANGER. DR. O. S., Phys. & Sur.410-11
BROOKE, DR. J. II.. Phys. & Surg....T0S-"09
BROWN. MYRA, M. D 313-311
BRUERE. DR. G. E., Physician... .412-413-414
CANNING. M. J 602-603
CAUKIN, G. E., District Agent Travelers'
Insurance Co . 713
CARDWELL. DR. J. R 503
CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J 716-717
COFFEr. DR. R. C.. Phys. & Surgeon 700
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY
604-GC5-600-607-613-614-613
CORNELIUS. C W., Phys. and Surgeon. ...200
COVER, F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 300
COLLIER, P. F., Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager 415-410
DAT. J. G. & I. N. 319
DAVIS. NAPOLEON, President Columbia
Telephone Co ...607
DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-714
DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician 512-515-514
DWYER. JOE F., Tobaccos 402
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor
EQUITABLE LIFE INSUkANCE SOCIETT;
L. Samuel. Mgr.; F. C Cover. Cashier.... SOS
EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder street
FENTON, J. D.. Physician and Surgeon.509-510
FENTON, DR. HICKS C; Eye and Ear.. ..511
FENTON, MATTHEW F.. Dentist 502
GALVANI. W. H Engineer and Draughts
man ..GOO
GAVIN, A., President Oregon Camera Club,
214-215-21C-217
GEART. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and
Surgeon 212-213
GEBBIE PUB. CO., Ltd.. Fine Art Pub
lishers; M. C McGreevy. Mgr 518
GIEST, A. J., Physician and Surgeon.. .700-710
GODDARD, E. C. & CO.. Footwear.. ....
Ground floor. 129 Sixth street
GOLDMAN, WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance Co., of New York 200-210
GRANT. FRANK S. Attorney-at-Law 617
IIAMMAM TURKISH AND MEDICAL
BATHS: J. D. McKlnnon. Propr 300-1-2
HAMMOND, A. B 310
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Sur..CO4-505
IDLEMAN,, C. M,, Attorney.at-Law...41(M7-lS
JOHNSON. W. C ...... 315-316-317
KADY. MARK T.. Surervlsor of Agents
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 604-C05
LAMONT. JOHN. Vlce-Presldint and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 604
I LITTLEFIELD. H. R., Phys. and Surgeon..20G
MACKAY, DR. A. E., Phys. and Surg..711-712
MARTIN. J. L. & CO., Timber Lands C01
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg.701-2-3
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713
McFADEN. MISS IDA E., Stenographer. . ..201
McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law..311-12
METT. HENRY 213
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C Dentist and
Oral Surgeon 60S-609
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. of
New York; W. Goldman. Manager. .. .209-210
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kady, Supervisor of Agents.. 604-G03
Mcelroy, dr. j. g., Phys. & sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND, E. B., 'Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co 600
McGUIRE. S P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher 415-416
McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. of New
York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr. ...404-403-400
NICHOLAS. HORACE B., Atfy-at-Law....715
NILES, M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In
surance Co., of New York 202
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B. Smith. Ostsopath 403-409
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-216-217
PACIFIC CHRISTIAN PUB. CO.; J. F.
Ghormley, Mgr 303
POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co.. of New York 404-405-400
'PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY,
Ground floor. 133 Sixth street
PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J.
H. Marshall, Manager 518
QUIMBY, L. P. W.. Game and Forestry
Warden 716-71T
ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and Min
ing Engineer ....1 515-516
REED & MALCOLM, Opticians. ..133 Sixth st.
KEED, F. C, Flsh Commissioner 407
RYAN, J. B., Attorney-at-Law 417
SAMUEL, L-, Manager Equitable Life 30iJ
SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
Co.; H. F. Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ore.
and Washington t 501
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander K- O. T. M 517
SLOCUM. SAMUEL C. Phys. and Surg 700
SMITH, DR. L. B., Osteopath 40S-409
SON8 OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.509
STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-018
STOLTE, DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-705
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 709
STROWBRIDGE. THOMAS H.. Executive
Special Agt. Mutual Life of New York... .400
SUPERINTENDENT1 S OFFICE 201
TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-611
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 907-908-909-910
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST.; Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A - 800
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS; Captain W.
C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A..810
WATERMAN. C H. Cashier Mutual Life
of New York 03
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N., Physician
and Surgeon .304-303
WILSON, DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg..706-707
WILSON, DR. HOLT C. Phys. & Surg..507-50S
WOOD. DR. W". L-. Physician 412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.. ..613
A few more elegant offices may be
had by applying to Portland Trust
Company cf Oregon, 109 Third st., or
to the rent clerk In the building.
A LOCAL
AMD CLIMATIC
DISEASE
Nothtcr out a local
retnedy or change of
climate will cure ca
tarrh. Get a well-know.
aPECIiTIC,
ELY'S
CREAM BALM
It "0 .lutcidy Ab
sorbed. Qtres Relief at once.
Opens and cle&nMa
sa mdis COLD lH HEAD
the Membrane. Hectares the Senses of Taste
and Smell. No Mercury. No Injuries drug.
Btrutar SSse. CO cents; Family Slae, S140 at
Druggists' or by mail.
JELI BROTSXRS. M Waives 9L, H"W Teftb
CATARRH
FTTSBMSHSfleBHBefl
ir4y9iBs