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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 12, 1900)
10 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1900. FISH HARVEST, 1900 Commissioner Reed Makes His Annual Report. EAR'S OUTPUT OVER $3,000,000 Recommendations Made for aiodia catlon. of Existing Lairs "What Has Been Bone at the Hatch eries Predatory Animals. BALEM, Dec. 11. iFlsh Cammlssloner F. C. Reed today submitted to Governor Beer his second annual report for the ear ending December 1, 1S00. He give a connected statement In chronological or der of his official acts, presents details or his several visits to all the hatcheries In the state, together -with important sta tistics as to the number of salmon eggs placed, and incidentally offers suggestions is to how the efficiency of hatcheries may be Increased. Why Salmon Arc Decimated. Commissioner Reed is of the opinion that the Eastern Oregon and Idaho settler Is responsible, in a large degree, for the decrease in the number of salmon. On this subject, he says: On September 14, the, -writer made a trip to Idaho in search of a location where salmon were plentiful enough to Justify the erection of a hatchery. The first stop was made at Ontario, Or., where I consulted my deputy, William O'Brien, an old resident of that part of the state. In regard to the Malheur River, having previously heard that quite a number of salmon ascended this stream. Mr. O'Brien informed me, however, that no salmon hod been seen In the Malheur Riv er for the pasc 10 years, and at this time, when they should have been going up to spawn, there was not more than 40 inche of water running in the river. This Is another Instance which goes to show that the supply of salmon is de creasing to an alarming extent. In early days they entered this river in large num bers. In this, as In many other cases, the decrease cannot all be attributed to the amount of salmon that are caught before they reach this point, buf largely owing to the fact that the country through which this stream flows is being more thickly settled, and I am sorry to say that when people see salmon in shallow water in any of our streams, it matters not whether they are flt for food or not (and It Is safe to. say that no salmon is suitable for food during the spawning season), It appears to be the second na ture of some people to destroy, them by some means, as Is done with the deer and all kinds of game. Another and more Important reason for salmon not entering many of the streams of Eastern Oregon and Idaho In such large numbers as they did years ago must be attributed to the settler. This part of the country being dry. requiring Irriga tion during the Summer months, dams have been built on nearly all of the small streams, the water being taken from them and carried In ditches for miles for this purpose, thus destroying much of the best spawning grounds. Or. leaving Ontario. I went to Bliss. Ida ho, for the purpose of Inspecting the loca tion at Salmon Falls. Nearly the sama conditions existed there as elsewhere, with a like complaint from the settlers that but few salmon now found their way up there, whereas, years ago they came In large numbers. In my opinion, the law should be changed. If a change is necessary, so that the Fish Commis sioner can erect hatcheries outside of the state. Game Warden Shonld Care for Tront In regard to the trout. The care and protection of them and all game fish should be eliminated from the Fish Com missioners' duties, and should be turned over to the Game Warden. At any rate, should this not be done, more money and help should be furnished the Fish Com missioner to aid him In performing his duties in that respect. I believe, how ever, that the members of the Oregon Fish and Game Association, which Is the leading sportsmen's club in the state, beside-? all other sportsmen, will bear me out in this recommendation. I dare say that all who read this report will con clude that the writer Is no sportsman, and so far as trout fishing is concerned, they will be correct. Where I.nrvs Need Changing. Mr. Reed evidently has made a careful study of the effect of the laws relating to Oregon's fishing Industries, and a large part of his report Is devoted to discussing them and to modifications which he thinks should be made. On this subject he says: Since my last report on the operation of the law governing the fishing In the State of Oregon, having bad one more season In which to observe the results "of the same, I find It Is very Important that some changes be made In addition to Jhose recommended at that time, and ,01 irould therefore suggest that the fol lowing changes be made In the law passed at the special session of the Legislature in 1S9S: CLOSE SEASONS. Section 1. Have this section altered so that the Spring close season for the Co lumbia and Willamette Rivers and their tributaries begins at 6 A. M. January 1, and continue until 6 P. M. April 30. The Fall close season on the Columbia River from 6 A.M. August 15 to 6 P. M. Sep tember 15. As this change may appear to be extensive, it may be well for me to give some reasons for my recommenda tions. First The chinook salmon entering the Columbia River during the months of January, February, March and April should be protected. If not molested, they would go to the spawning-grounds In the Clackamas and Sandy Rivers, and would materially Increase the number of eggs that could be taken at these sta tions. Second During the months of January. February and March tiiere Is a good run of steelheads on their way to the spawning-grounds, which, if allowed free pass age up the river, would do more toward keeping up the supply of this valuable fish than anything that might be done until some suitable location be found in which to propagate them. For recommendations regarding Coos River, see report of 1S99. For the Necanl cum and Ohana Creeks, see report of 1S99 All coast streams, except Rogue River, close from 6 A. M. January 1 to C P. M. August 1, and from CA.1L November 16 to 6 P. M. December 15. In regard to sale of confiscated fish, see report for 1S99. Sec. 2. Give Fish Commissioner author ity to build racks on any of the small streajns In the state, and make It unlaw ful to fish within two miles below same. Sec i. The distance between pound nets, traps or weirs should be 1000 feet, and distance between set nets 300 feet, allowing no lead or shear to extend down 6troam from any part of the pot or pound of the trap, and no set net shall have any shear or wing extending down stream from the outer end thereof. Also no set net or other fixed appliance shall extend more than two-thirds the distance across any stream in the state at ordinary low water. INDIVIDUAL licenses Sec 16. In my report for 1S99 I recom mended the repeal of the individual license, giving my reason for so doing. Having had another season In which to note the operations of this portion of the law. In my opinion, if this law is repealed, there will be no means of preventing those who are not citizens from engaging in the fishing, which would in a few years permit much of the fishing to be done by Japanese and other aliens. Therefore, should this law be repealed, provision should be made whereby those who fish In the waters of this state may obtain from the Clerk of his county a certificate that he is a registered voter of such county, and upon presenting this certificate to the Fish Commissioner, who shall enter the name and number of the holder in a book kept for that purpose. If the individual license is repealed, the licenses for the different appliances may be increased 20 per cent. Sec 17. See report for 1E99. TAX ON COLJ-STORAGE BUSINESS. Sec. 18. I wish to change recommenda tions made In 1S99 report In reference to this section, and would suggest that the law governing cold-storage dealers and peddlers be changed to the effect that each shall pay a license of $2 50 per year, regardless of the amount of salmon han dled, and 30 cents per ton gross on each ton of fish handled. The reason for this change is that the present law Is very complicated in this respect, in ,the case of dealers almost prohibiting a hew firm from engaging in the business, as they are compelled to pay a license of $250. Then, again. In regard to dealers and peddlers who were engaged in business prior to the enactment of this law, and did not handle 10 tons of salmon and stur geon combined, they are not required to pay any license, while those not engaged in the business prior to the enactment of this law are required to pay a license fee of $10, regardless of the amount of fish handled by them. Sec 21. Under this section each and all pound nets or traps are required to show at night time a white light. This Is very confusing, both to large and small crafts navigating the river at night, and should be chaned so that only the pound nets or traps bordering on the channel be com pelled to show a light. In the same sec tion the provision for numbering the boats should be changed to the effect that the Fish Commissioner be authorized to- furnish the number each year, such expense to be paid from the license fund; also have authority to change the color or size of the figures from year to year, so that, when seeing the number on the boat, it can be readily determined if it be a number Issued for that year. INSUFFICIENT APPROPRIATIONS. Sec 22. The amount of money appro priated for the expenses of the Fish Commissioner is insufficient for the re quirements of the law. I have endeavored during the past two years to be as eco nomical as possible, and yet, for the last three months of each year have had no funds, either for the enforcement of the law or for my expenses. I would, there fore, recommend that the last part of this .section, relating to the hire of patrol boats, traveling, office and other neces sary expenses of the Fish Commissioner, be omitted, and that section 23 be amend ed as follows: Sec 23. I would suggest that the State of Oregon be but one district; that is, all moneys collected from licenses, etc, go into one fund, to be known as the hatch ery fund, and the necessary expenses of the Fish Commissioner, as cited above, be paid out of this fund, also the expenses of operating and maintaining all hatch eries already built, or any that may be built In the future, but, as near in pro portion to the amount collected In tho vicinity of each hatchery as may be pos sible. Sec 25. See report for 1E99. DEPUTIES. Sec 26. The Fish Commissioner should be allowed one deputy at a yearly salary to hold office at the pleasure of the Com missioner. As the law now stands, there are three deputies allowed, each of whom naturally desire to put In his time as quickly as possible. In order that he may secure other employment. It can scarce ly be expected that' a man working for the sum of 5300 per year be ready at any and all times to serve the Fish Commis sioner. During the past twp years, I have been obliged to appoint deputies to take the places of my regular appointees, owing to the latter having employment they could not leave without Injury to themselves in a financial way. The provision for appointing a special deputy In each county without pay, ex cept one-half of the fines collected In case of conviction, is practically a dead letter, for I have been able to find but vers few good men who were willing to devote their time and expenses In attempting to make convictions for violations of the law, and then take chances on getting pay for the same. The Fish Commissioner should have the authority to appoint a special deputy for each stream In the state where. In his judgment, one Is need ed, and allow such deputy reasonable compensation for the time he Is employed under the direction of the "Fish Commis sioner. It Is also essential that the state fur nish the Fish Commissioner a patrol-boat that can be had at any time when need ed For the past two years It has been very difficult to get a suitable boat when one was required, being In use during the fishing season, either by the canneries or cold-storage dealers. When one could be had for a few days, however. It ofttlmes proved to be too large and expensive, and required too great a depth of water to go In many parts of the river where the fishing-boats were, or too small to go near the mouth of the river, where the greater part of the fishing Is done. Many complaints have been received from fish ermen who paid their licenses, stating that others were fishing without doing so. and In order to locate these violators, it is necessary to have a patrol-boat on the river for the greater part of the fishing season. There should also be one patrol boat cruising the river continuously dur ing the close season. This is the only way to enforce the law as It should be done, and to do so more funds will be necessary. NECESSITT FOR LEGISLATION. It may seem out of place to have st much fish legislation brought up at each session of the Legislature, but what oth er Industry have we of such commercial advantage to many of our citizens? What other Industry have we that gives em ployment to as many of our people? I claim, and without fear of successful con tradiction, that no question to come be fore our next Legislative Assembly Is of such Importance to as many people as Is the fishing Industry of the state. The law enacted at the special session In 189S, taxing those directly Interested In the fishing Industry, was recommended by the writer 10 years ago, and had It become a law at that time the Industry would not have decreased to Its present condi tion. The only protection given salmon for the past four years, to enable some of them to get to their spawning grounds, has been the close seasons from March 1 to April 15 and from August 10 to Sep tember 10. Prior to this was a weekly close time from Saturday, 6 P. M., to Sunday 6 P. M. The repeal of this pro vision was a serious mistake, as It gave the fish a free run of 24 hours, and the re-enactment of this law. with sufficient funds for Its enforcement, with an addi tional 12 hours per week, from 6 A.M. on Saturday until 6 P. M. the following Sun day, would be of far more benefit to the industry than either the Spring or Fall close season. By the statistics. It will be seen that the decline In the output has been far more perceptible since the repeal of the Sunday close season law. DESTRrPTION OF PREDATORT ANIMALS. In addition to the above recommenda tions, some action should be taken 'at the coming session of the Legislature for the destruction of the thousands of seal and sea lions found along the coast and near the mouths of the rivers, prey ing on salmon during the entire season. In order to give an Idea of the amount of salmon thus destroyed, will relate an Instance which took place In the Spring of 1899. A large sea lion, which was caught In a pound net near the mouth of the Columbia River, was killed and taken to Astoria, and from there to Portland, where It was prepared for the museum. Upon dissecting the carcass, it was found to contain about 200 pounds of salmon not yet digested. In this Instance, the sea Hon had not been In the pound net to exceed 12 hours, and during that time had eaten 2O0 pounds of salmon. This may have been more than he could have caught had he not been In the trap, but it goes to show how much fish they can eat when an opportunity offers. In the open water they seldom get more thaa one bite from a salmon, for when they have caught a fish they usually come to the surface, and, raising their head, give the salmon one or two shakes, similar to a dog with a rat, the salmon being torn Into pieces, which are scattered for many feet, few of them ever being picked up by the Hon, preferring to have the sport of catching another salmon. Another circumstance came to my no tice a few years ago, showing the number of fish one seal will destroy In 24 hours. Two fishermen had a net set for steel heads, getting from eight to twelve fish each night (steelheads were more plenti ful then than now), when they failed for several nights to catch any fish. Thinking some other fishermen were tak ing the fish, they concluded to watch and catch the thief, which proved to be a large seal. After killing the seal they again continued to get the usual num ber of steelheads, showing that this one seal could eat or kill or destroy from eight to twelve fish every day. I think it is safe to say that the seal and sea lions eat or kill and destroy at least one fourth as many salmon during the fish ing season as are caught by all the fish ermen. The above may be a low estimate, but let us see what It will amount to: Allow ing the salmon pack to reach 350,000 cases, which means at least 1.050.000 sal mon, one-fourth of which would be 262,500 salmon at 20 pounds each, making 5,250,000 pounds, which, at the rate of 6 cents per pound, amounts to $341,250; and this nice little sum has gone for what pur pose? To feed these creatures that are of no value, except for their hides and the oil that may be made from the car cass. I would therefore recommend that a law be passed giving a bounty of 51 each for the scalps of the seal and $2 50 each for the scalp of the sea Hon, the bounty to be paid from the llcnse fund, which I think would be sufficient. In addition to what can be made from the sale of hides and oil, to Induce hunters to kill a great many of these fish-eaters, and the money thus expended would do as much good as If used In hatching salmon. Another entirely worthless creature, which, I am sure, many will agree with me, is no ornament to our bays and streams, and should bo destroyed; this is the cormorant, or what Is commonly called the shag, which Inhabits the bays and streams along the coast and lives en tirely upon small fish. While they may catch some which are of no use, they also catch many of the young salmon on their way to the ocean, as they sometimes stay between the salt and fresh water before going to sea. A bounty of 5 cents per head on these birds would be the means of having many killed, thus ren dering that much more protection to sal mon. FISHWAY AT WILLAMETTE FALLS. Another very Important matter In con nection with the fishing industry Is the flshway at the falls of the Willamette. In 1S93, there was an appropriation of 510,000 made to build a flshway over these fall?. A part of the money was ex pended in having some work done on a plan recommended by the Board of Fish Commission In Jts report for 1892, which plan was to blast a suitable channel through the first or lower break for the fish to have easy access to the same, and to thus continue the channel for some distance up the Island, and also blast out some deep holes at suitable places along these channels for the fish to rest In. This channel should be deepened some at the lower end, and In several places fur thei up, also more and better pools or resting places made. The expense of putting In such flshway would. In my opinion, not exceed $1000. Hatcheries. Mr. Reed, under the head of "Hatch eries," gives exact statistics for each one and thus summarizes: Amount appropriated for the con struction of hatcheries, 1S99-1900..515.000 00 Amount exponded In the con struction of hatcheries In district No. 3. 1S09 $ 38 20 District No. 6. 1S99 3.26S 04 District No. 2, 1900 505 64 District No. 3, 1900 342 30 Total S 4.155 IS Balance unexpended 510.S44 S2 The above shows that only a small por tion of the appropriation for the construc tion of hatcheries has been expended dur ing the past two years, one of the prin cipal reasons being that the provisions of the law governing the appropriation lim its the number of hatcheries to be built to "two on the Columbia or its tributa ries, and two on some other suitable streams In the state." . . . In this connection, I trust you will rec ommend to the Legislative Assembly that the unexpended balance of the appropria tion for the construptlon of hatcheries made In 1S93 be still held available for the purpose for which It was originally ap propriated. This will enable us to build a. small hatchery on each of the coast streams where suitable locations can be found while If we have to depend upon amounts collected from licenses In each district to do so. It will take years to ac complish the object. The coast streams are qalte small, and In most cases several In one district, with no accessible way of getting from one to the other. For Instance. In the fifth district is included the Nehalem River, Tillamook Bay and tributary streams Nestucca, Salmon Riv er, Siletz River, Taquina River, Beaver Creek and Alsea River. Were there roads or any means of transportation between these streams one hatchery would be sufficient to supply all, as the young flsh could be distributed from the hatching station to all of these streams. As it is now, the people on each stream claim that they should have a hatchery, as they are paying licenses for that purpose. Therefore, the people living on the coast streams are Justly entitled to the unex pended balance of the aforesaid appro priation, not only for the construction or hatcheries, but In some places where the amount collected from licenses Is very small. It should be used to help operate the same. The amount of money distrib uted among the people In the coast coun ties from the fishing Industry Is quite small when compared with the Columbia River. Nevertheless, it Is of great Import ance to them, and they feel that they are entitled to some help from the state to maintain it. Over 32,000,000 Young Flub. Planted. The following table Is presented, show ing number of chinook salmon eggs taken and young flsh planted from the different stations In Oregon for the year 1SO0: No. eggs Where taken. taken. Upper Clackamas 2.607,000 Salmon River 1,260,003 Umpqua River 200.000 Little White Salmon 600,000 Coos Bay 520,000 Sluslaw 450,000 Little White Salmon 1,150.000 U. S. S. Clackamas 1.500,000 Little White Salmon 3,000,000 Total - f... 11.2S7.C00 Steelheads Salmon River 250,000 Estimated, not yet hatched. From the latest report from the State of Washington, they will plant in the Co lumbia River and its tributaries. Includ ing those from .he United States station, about 19.CO0.OM chinook, 4.000,000 sllversldes and 1.000,000 steelheads, making a grand total for the year 1900 of Chlnooks 27,120,000 Sllversldes 4.000.000 Steelheads 1,200.000 Total ,...32,320,000 Other Flsh, Shellfish "and Crustacean Commissioner Reed defends the shad. condemns striped bass as destructive of salmon, wants protection for sturgeon, says a good work for crawfish, thinks clams need no help from lawmakers, de clares the law protecting salmon trout was a serious mistake, and should be repealed, says carp have the negative good quality of not destroying salmon, and that It will take tne output of one hatchery to feed the black bass. Habit, of Chlaoelc Salmoa. An interesting chapter is devoted to the habits of the chinook salmon, and another to the methods of taking fish, in which all the natural and unnatural appliances are clearly described. Mr. Reed con cludes: "There is no way in which the different appliances for taking flsh can be curtailed and do Justice to all concerned; the only way to protect the salmon and perpetuate the Industry Is to shorten the fishing season, thereby giving more of the fish a chance to reach their spawn ing grounds, and construct hatcheries wherever suitable locations and sufficient numbers of eggs can be secured to Justify the expense." Value of Salmes Pack of lOOO. Amount and value or each species of Spring pack of salmon on the Oregon side of the Columbia River for the year 1900: Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 167,817 $1,174,719 00 Bluebacks 5.607 39,299 00 Steelheads 8,691 43,455 00 Total 182,115 $1,257,473 00 Same for Washington side, same season: Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook S6.S32 $ 607.824 00 Bluebacks 7,555 52.SS5 00 Steelheads 7,SS2 39,910 00 Total 102,369 $ 700,619 00 Total for both aides: Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 254.649 $1,782,543 CO Bluebacks 13,162 92,184 00 Steelheads 16,673 83,365 00 Total 234,484 $1,958,002 00 Fall pack, Oregon side Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 3,476 $ 17,365 00 Sllversldes 25,645 115.402 50 Steelheads , 2,617 13.0S5 00 Chums 17,696 63,706 GO Total 49,431 $ 209,55310 Washington side Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 4,270 $ 2L350 00 auversmes 13.ZS0 86,760 00 Steelheads 1,307 6,535 00 Total 24.S57 $ 114,645 00 Total Fall pack Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 7,743 $ 38,715 00 Sllversldes 44.925 202,162 50 Steelheads 3,924 19,620 00 Chums 17,696 63,706 60 Total .74.28S $ 324,203 10 Recapitulation, Spring and Fall pack- Variety. Cases. Value. Spring pack 284,484 $1,958,092-00 Fall pack 74.2SS 324,203 10 Total 358,772 $2,2829610 Coast streams and bays Variety. Cases. Value. Chinook 13,261 $ 74,789 00 Sllversldes 50,987 214.145 40 Chums ,5,552 34,337 20 Total 73,800 $-323,32160 Grand total Variety. Cases. Value. Columbia river 358,772 $2,282,296 10 Oregon coast, streams and bays 73,500 323,321 60 Total 432,672 $2,606,616 70 Amount and value of each species of fish caught in Columbia River and other streams In Oregon, which has been con sumed locally and shipped East for the year 1900 . " Pounds. Value. Salmon, fresh 2,402,571 $168,175 Salhion, pickled 2,496,440 174.650 Sturgeon 52,019 3,621 Smelt 260,200 13,010 Shad 295.760 H.S22 Catfish ; 68.658 3,432 Tom cod 5,490 227 Total 5.380,138 $374,967 Amount and 'value of Bhell flsh taken In the State of Oregon for the year 1900 Variety. Amount, Value. Crawfish 42,000 doz. $ 8.400 Clams 37,500 bush. 37,000 Oysters 563 sacks 1,9SS Total $47,3SS ASIATICS IN OUR ARMY. Why Not Enlist Them for Foreign Service? LONG CREEK. Or., Dec 7. To the Editor.) Extending our system of gov ernment over half-clvlllzed communities Is a business In which we have not, as yet, had much experience and we have much to learn In regard to It. The most Intellectual nations of Europe have been the most successful colonists and so far as Intelligence Is concerned, the Ameri can Nation Is surely second to no other. As our experience Increases we will doubt less become wiser and more successful In regard to colonization. . We all know that In order to successfully carry out the policy of expansion It will, for some time to come, be necessary to keep a large army in our newly-acquired possessions. The cost of this army Is one of the prin cipal arguments which Is now made use of against the policy of expansion, but I think that this cost Is at present much greater than It need to be It has been demosstrated by both England and Amer ica that very good soldiers can be ob tained from the Inferior races of men. In an editorial published in The Oregordan of August 3, you say: "The truth Is. That the vast majority of some healthy men make excellent sol diers, when well armed, well disciplined, and above all when, well led. Colors and races don't count nearly so much as leadership. Napoleon's armies Included many thousands, of men who were not Frenchmen of blood or even birth. The army of Hannibal was a mixture of all colors and qualities." This being the case, why t&C All up the rank and file of our arm;, to a con siderable extent with Asiatics, and prin cipally with Japanese? I have some where seen It stated that the expense of our army In the Philippines Is about $2000 per annum for each man In the service. Asiatics could be employed as soldiers for less than one-fourth of thl3 sum and they could be trained to do very efficient work. In regard to the Japanese, J. J. Hill, the railroad mag nate. In an interview which was pub lished In the month of June, 1899, among other things, said: "It is only right to say that having tried the Japanese we find them the most satisfactory laborers we have. They are willing, cheerful and strong; they work a little cheaper, and that is a point, of 1 course. But the great advantage of the No. fish. a planted. Where planted. 2,4SO,000 Upper Clackamas River L190.000 Salmon River. 190,000 Umpqua River. 540,000 Umpqua River. 470,000 Coos and Coqullle Rivers. 427,000 Sluslaw and Taquina Rivers. L13S.500 Sluslaw and Taquina Rivers. 1,480,000 Lower Clackamas River. 2,970,000 Lower Clackamas River. 10,885,500 200,000 Salmon River. labor of the Japanese over any other labor now available in the Northwest Is their reliability. It comes mainly from their temperance and their personal clean liness. Most white laborers, and especial ly Italians, will not keep themselves and the places they Uve In clean. The result Is disease. "We have great trouble to keep typhoid fever out of the camps. Exactly as it was hard to keep 'disease out of the volunteer army camps last year. Disease and Intemperance Incapaci tate a large proportion, of white laborers.! much of the time, and few of them are busy more than four days in the week, the year through. . . . With the Japanese it is different. When Sunday comes tney make things clean and take their rest Uke sensible fellows. Perhaps they can't do as much work, man for man, as the whites, and a larger fores may be required, but they are always cheerful, always healthy, always ready to work. They are never tramps." On.e great advantage which could be gained by making use of Asiatics for common soldiers would arise from the saving in the cost of transportation; an other would arise from the fact that they are already acclimated and that they are, as a general rule, more tem perate than whites who are found In the ranks of the army and hence would be less liable to disease and Insanity. An other advantage which might be gained by enlisting Asiatics would be in the reduction of pensions. Soldiers who are wounded or disabled in our military serv ice should be suitably provided for, no difference whether they are white, black or yellow: but there are not many of the Asiatics who will become voters and there would therefore not bo the same tempta tion to carry the pension system to ex tremes with them that there appears to be with Americans. It is probably not desirable that Japan ese and other Asiatics should be allowed to come Into competition, to any great extent, with white laborers In the United States; but so far as serving in the army In our newly acquired possessions Is concerned. I feel about as liberal In regard to them as Artemus Ward did about having his wife's relatives serve In the army during the War of tho Re bellion. I served in the United States Army In Mexico for a few months dur ing the years 1847 and 1848. and I have had a sufficient amount of experience in mili tary life to mako me fully satisfied that a private soldier In the army In wartime- does not occupy a very desirable situation, especially when he is serving under untrained volunteer officers. There la also room for great Improve ment In our methods of selecting and education of commissioned officers. It Is necessary for police and other purposes to keep a standing army of about 25.000 soldiers within the limits of our states and organized territories, why not fill up the ranks of the army, to a consid erable extent, with boys from 16 to 21 years of age, who. while they are growing up to be men, could be educated for army officers. These youths should pass an ex amination in regard to their physical, mental and moral qualifications before they are admitted Into the service, and after they are admitted should be paid reasonable, but not exorbitant salaries. They should be required, whenever called upon, to perform the same duties that our regular soldiers are now required to perform, and at the same time should re ceive educations, perhaps not as thor ough, but somewhat similar, to that of the West Point cadets. Civilians might be employed, to some extent, as their teachers, in case that commissioned army officers should find the work of instruc tion Irksome. The boys should be taught military science In all of Its branches. Including tactics and strategy and the various Improvements which have In late years been made In the art of war. They should know how an army should be fed and clothed, and what lt3 requirements are, both In camp and on the march. They should be taught to avoid gambling and Intemperance, and should receive some lessons In regard to health, econ omy and morality. Severally they should be specially educated In some trade, art or science that would be useful both In war and peace, for example, engineering, surgery or the business of teaching, and then, if he should find It unconvenlent to remain In the army, he could go out Into the ranks of civil life and there be able to earn a livelihood. After these boys have become educated, they should re ceive the preference when army appoint ments are to be made, and army com missions should no longer be used as a payment for political services. Should the system which I have out lined remain in operation for a few years. It Is evident that the salaries of com missioned army officers might be con siderably reduced without any detriment to the service. The laborer is worthy of his hire; but after an abundance of la borers have been obtained, their salaries should be mostly regulated by the law of supply and demand. LUCIAN EVERTS. Tfo Excuse for Farther Inaction. Chicago Chronicle. During the late contest for the Presi dency, Secretary Gage Issued an unofficial manifesto, setting forth that, while the financial act of last March did much to restore confidence In the purpose and the power of the Government to maintain the gold standard, It did not. In feet, estab lish that standard securely. In that document he undertook to show that a President who was so disposed could overthrow that standard' without in any way violating the letter of the law. He claimed. In effect, that the law was so defective that It did not accomplish what was understood to be Its chief purpose In his annual report he remarks that the law of last March needs re-enforcement In some Important particulars, but he Js not as specific as he might be. And the President contents himself with an expression of his confidence that Con gress. In Its wisdom, will find a way to nail the standard fast. But he makes no specific recommendation. This Is the more remarkable In view of the fact that the finance bill, as It passed the House, contained a provision which covered the ground sufficiently. It was a very brief and simple provision, and could have been copied entire Into the message without overburdening it. It provided merely that. In order to maintain the parity of the coins of the two metals. It should be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to pay gold coin on demand for silver dollars. That would have accomplished the avowed pur pose, and no President or Secretary of the Treasury could get around It without openly violating an express provision of law and laying himself liable to Impeach ment. Since that would put us on a gold basis until Congress should otherwise order, why Is It not recommended? Do the Re publican leaders hope to keep the danger open to scare people In the campaign four years from now? If so, they are fooling themselves. There will be no possibility of creating .any such scare four years hence. The big hole In the law may as well be stopped now as any time. It will never serve a campaign purpose again. FAST TIME. The O. R. & N. operates through trains and cars from Portland to Chicago giv ing a choice of two routes, with three trains a day each way. These trains are operated on fast schedules and are equipped with the latest types of Pull man cars, both first and second class. Ticket office. Third street, corner Oak. For twenty-five cents, you can get Car ter's Little Liver Pills the best liver reg ulator In the world. Don't forget this. One pill a dose. Pears' No other soap in the world is- used so much; or so little of it goes so far. All nrts of people twe Peam' eap, all sorts ef (tores cell h, especially druggists. Good Things on Every Haund! l CaJke f 4E tastes better -when V nri.i.ifr made with White Cottolene. Its neutral quality in sre ht remits Trv White Cottolene in ulace of butter (using one-third less") and see how Blessed you will oe. Fried Chicken is delicious when White Cottolene is the frying medium. The delicate flavor of the meat is brought out to the fullest extent tab. The most delicate stomach -will relish it. ff Croquettes IT A are the daintiest S reductions ofpru ent housewives. The make the surplus items that would otherwise be turned into hash a delect able delicacy provided they not spoilea in irving. White Cottolene adds a -wholesome savor. Fried Potatoes are always staple and might as well be appetizing and tasty as not. All that is necessary to have a dish acceptable to all kinds of stomachs is to use White Cottolene. WHITE COTTOLENE Is the Ideal cooking fat. It is superior to batter and lard sot only because of its vege table oil being more readily assimilated by the stomach, but particularly as it adds a zest to the appetite. It la peculiarly adapted to bringing out the delicate flavors ofall articles. It is a boon to all who lore good things to eat and cannot assimilate anything but vegetable, fats. It furnishes at least one instance where the most healthful way of preparing food is at the same time the most appetizing. Prom inent cooks, chefs and physicians every where use It in preference to any other shorN enlsg or frying medium. The N.K.Falrbank Company, Chicago Sola Manufacturer. FREE ! w dtr booklet, mailed free to wj address. For Oltf-lffitinn wilt ..nrf r a . Its pgo redpe book, "Homi Helpa,'Yellt4 by Mrs. Bcrer. I CUT OUT THIS AD Enclose It to Me With Ten Dollars And I will furnish you, all com plete, ready for use. my 1300 Model No. 6 SANDEN ELECTRIC BELT. It is superior in make, quality and power to any belt offered by other dealers for which they charge $30. or more. ACT TODAY Because this offer will be held open only for a limited time, as I want to favor the many sufferers who cannot afford to pay more for a flrst-ciass electrical appliance such as the Sanden Is. DR. A, T. SANDEN Corner 4th and Morrison Streets S PORTLAND, OR, i8(t(ssiet((itet(i SOFTNESS OP SEALSKIN. Is Rivaled By Hnmns Hair "Where Dandruff Is Eradicated. Sealskin Is admired the world over for its softness and glossiness; and yet the human hair Is equally as soft and glossy when healthy: and the radical cause of all hair trouble Is dandruff, which Is caused by a pestiferous parasite that saps the vitality of the hair at its root. New bro's Herplclde is the only preparation that Is fatal to the dandruff germ. "With out dandruff no falling hair, but a lux uriant growth of glossy, soft hair Is cer tain. Scouring the scalp won't cure dan druff. Kill the dandruff germ. Thou sands of women owe their beautiful suits of hair to Newbro's Herplclde. DR. CROSSMAN'S SPECIFIC MIXTURE Xr the Care of Gonorrhoea. Glacis, Stridor, nml aaalatmi conplKlnta f the Urrsu of Ceaeratloa. Xrico $1 a bottle. Tor sale by drugrUft. are m D ft 2w j S r S t? I N t .s':::::.-,:.:.ssjjjasjjjc :- -, -.-.eg- THE PALATIAL OREGONIAN BUILDING jfU mllh lllHl fffl 0 fill 111' J3jIB E Aft iMMfflpppj Sot a dark office la the building; absolutely fireproof) electric lights and artesian, water; perfect sanita tion and thorough ventilation. Ele vators run day and night. Booms. AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. Physician.... 603-600 ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Law... 612 ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell, Mgr..800 AUSTEN. P. C, Manager for Oreson and Washington Bankers' Life Association, of Des Moines. la 502-503 BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES MOINES. IA.; P. C. Austen. Manaser.502-503 BATNTUN, GEO. R.. Manaxar for Chas. Scrlbners' Sons ............513 BEALS. EDWARD A., Forecast Official TJ. S. Weather Bureau 010 BENJAMIN. R. W.. Dentist 3H BINSWANGER. DR. O. S., Phys. & Sur.410-11 BROOKE, DR. J. II.. Phys. & Surg....T0S-"09 BROWN. MYRA, M. D 313-311 BRUERE. DR. G. E., Physician... .412-413-414 CANNING. M. J 602-603 CAUKIN, G. E., District Agent Travelers' Insurance Co . 713 CARDWELL. DR. J. R 503 CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J 716-717 COFFEr. DR. R. C.. Phys. & Surgeon 700 COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY 604-GC5-600-607-613-614-613 CORNELIUS. C W., Phys. and Surgeon. ...200 COVER, F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 300 COLLIER, P. F., Publisher; S. P. McGulre. Manager 415-410 DAT. J. G. & I. N. 319 DAVIS. NAPOLEON, President Columbia Telephone Co ...607 DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-714 DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician 512-515-514 DWYER. JOE F., Tobaccos 402 EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE INSUkANCE SOCIETT; L. Samuel. Mgr.; F. C Cover. Cashier.... SOS EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder street FENTON, J. D.. Physician and Surgeon.509-510 FENTON, DR. HICKS C; Eye and Ear.. ..511 FENTON, MATTHEW F.. Dentist 502 GALVANI. W. H Engineer and Draughts man ..GOO GAVIN, A., President Oregon Camera Club, 214-215-21C-217 GEART. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and Surgeon 212-213 GEBBIE PUB. CO., Ltd.. Fine Art Pub lishers; M. C McGreevy. Mgr 518 GIEST, A. J., Physician and Surgeon.. .700-710 GODDARD, E. C. & CO.. Footwear.. .... Ground floor. 129 Sixth street GOLDMAN, WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co., of New York 200-210 GRANT. FRANK S. Attorney-at-Law 617 IIAMMAM TURKISH AND MEDICAL BATHS: J. D. McKlnnon. Propr 300-1-2 HAMMOND, A. B 310 HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Sur..CO4-505 IDLEMAN,, C. M,, Attorney.at-Law...41(M7-lS JOHNSON. W. C ...... 315-316-317 KADY. MARK T.. Surervlsor of Agents Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 604-C05 LAMONT. JOHN. Vlce-Presldint and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 604 I LITTLEFIELD. H. R., Phys. and Surgeon..20G MACKAY, DR. A. E., Phys. and Surg..711-712 MARTIN. J. L. & CO., Timber Lands C01 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg.701-2-3 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713 McFADEN. MISS IDA E., Stenographer. . ..201 McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law..311-12 METT. HENRY 213 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C Dentist and Oral Surgeon 60S-609 MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. of New York; W. Goldman. Manager. .. .209-210 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N; Mark T. Kady, Supervisor of Agents.. 604-G03 Mcelroy, dr. j. g., Phys. & sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND, E. B., 'Secretary Columbia Telephone Co 600 McGUIRE. S P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 415-416 McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500 MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. of New York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr. ...404-403-400 NICHOLAS. HORACE B., Atfy-at-Law....715 NILES, M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In surance Co., of New York 202 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY; Dr. L. B. Smith. Ostsopath 403-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-216-217 PACIFIC CHRISTIAN PUB. CO.; J. F. Ghormley, Mgr 303 POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life Ins. Co.. of New York 404-405-400 'PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall, Manager 518 QUIMBY, L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden 716-71T ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and Min ing Engineer ....1 515-516 REED & MALCOLM, Opticians. ..133 Sixth st. KEED, F. C, Flsh Commissioner 407 RYAN, J. B., Attorney-at-Law 417 SAMUEL, L-, Manager Equitable Life 30iJ SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE Co.; H. F. Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ore. and Washington t 501 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com mander K- O. T. M 517 SLOCUM. SAMUEL C. Phys. and Surg 700 SMITH, DR. L. B., Osteopath 40S-409 SON8 OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.509 STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-018 STOLTE, DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-705 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO 709 STROWBRIDGE. THOMAS H.. Executive Special Agt. Mutual Life of New York... .400 SUPERINTENDENT1 S OFFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-611 U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 907-908-909-910 U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.; Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A - 800 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS; Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A..810 WATERMAN. C H. Cashier Mutual Life of New York 03 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N., Physician and Surgeon .304-303 WILSON, DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg..706-707 WILSON, DR. HOLT C. Phys. & Surg..507-50S WOOD. DR. W". L-. Physician 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.. ..613 A few more elegant offices may be had by applying to Portland Trust Company cf Oregon, 109 Third st., or to the rent clerk In the building. A LOCAL AMD CLIMATIC DISEASE Nothtcr out a local retnedy or change of climate will cure ca tarrh. Get a well-know. aPECIiTIC, ELY'S CREAM BALM It "0 .lutcidy Ab sorbed. Qtres Relief at once. Opens and cle&nMa sa mdis COLD lH HEAD the Membrane. Hectares the Senses of Taste and Smell. No Mercury. No Injuries drug. Btrutar SSse. CO cents; Family Slae, S140 at Druggists' or by mail. JELI BROTSXRS. M Waives 9L, H"W Teftb CATARRH FTTSBMSHSfleBHBefl ir4y9iBs