Morning Oregonian., November 21, 1900, Page 6, Image 6

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THE MORNING OREG02?IA2i WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 21, 190&
te rsgtfttxcm
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TODAY'S WEATHER. Fair, fresh north
easterly winds.
PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, OV. 21
The Oregonlan is asked what would
be done in case both McKlnley and
Roosevelt should die after the meeting
of the Eleotoral College, the completion
of the electoral count and the transmis
sion of the record of the vote to the
President of the Senate. This Is an In
teresting question that has never been
passed upon. In event of the death of
both the President and Vice-President
in office, the Presidential succession is
fixed by chapter 4 of the acts of the
Forty-ninth Congress, first session. In
case of the removal, death, resignation
or -inability of both the President and
Vice-President, then the Secretary of
State Bhall act as President until the
disability of the President or Vice-President
is removed, or until a new Presi
dent is elected. If there be no Secre
tary o State, then the Secretary of the
Treasury will act, and the remainder of
the order of succession is as follows:
The Secretary of War, Attorney-General,
Postmaster-General, Secretary of
the Navy and Seoretary of the Interior.
The acting President must, upon tak
ing office, convene Congress, if not at
the time in session, in extraordinary
session. This act applies only to such
Cabinet officers as shall have been con
firmed by the Senate and are eligible
under the Constitution to the Presi
dency This act repealed the sections
of the old act of 1792 which directed the
Secretary of State in event of the death
of both President and Vice-President to
inform the several states and order a
new election for President and Vice
President. But the question presented to The
Oregonian for consideration is not cov
ered by this acL Of course, if McKln
ley and Roosevelt Bhould both die be
fore the meeting of the Electoral Col
lege in December next, the Electors
could elect a President and Vice-President.
In 1672 Horace Greeley, the
Democratic candidate for President,
having died before the electoral vote
was cast, the Greeley Electors In five
states voted for Thomas A. Hendricks
for President, and there were eighteen
votes cast for B. Gratz Brown for Pres
ident by the Greeley Electors. But
when the Electoral College has finished
its work, and forwarded the certificate
of its vote, signed and certified,! to the
President of the Senate, the Electoral
Colleges have died a natural death.
Their certificate is In the hands of .the
President of the Senate, and the situa
tion presented by the death of both
McKlnley and Roosevelt after the Elec
toral College has completed its work
must be solved by the action of Con
cress. As a matter of common sense and
public equity, the proper course for
Congress on official announcement that
the candidates for President and Vice
President elected by the Electoral Col
lege were both dead, would be to order
a new election for President and Vice
President. Nothing short of this would
be in accordance with political justice
or public policy. The death of the vic
torious candidates for President and
Vice-President, after the action of the
Electoral College, has never happened,
end yet of course it is a possible dan
ger that ought to be provided for. Such
cm emergency might happen at the
close of a contest so bitter that Con
gress might undertake to solve the sit
uation In other than an absolutely fair
and non-partisan spirit. There would
seem to be a lapse here in our law that
ought not to wait for an actual emer
gency to force us to repair. Both
houses of Congress are today in Re
publican control, so that there would be
co difficulty in persuading Congress to
order a new election. But if both
houses wore in Democratic control, it
might not be so easy to persuade Con
cress to order a new election that would
be certain to result in another great
Republican victory.
The spectacular activity of Tammany
for the suppression of vice is inspired
by the near approach of the municipal
campaign. Bishop Potter wields a vig
orous club, and he is altogether a most
potent person, but the ready response
of Tammany to his demands for action
against several insolent Tammany pets
is not wholly inspired by any whole
some fear of what the bishop may do,
either in his Individual or episcopal ca
pacity. It is simply a good opportunlty
Xor the Tiger to purr softly and sweet
ly and show the public what an amia
ble and well-intentioned beast he is.
Before Croker went away to Europe he
solemnly assured the public that Tam
many was in earnest in its campaign
against wickedness and lawlessness,
and when any municipal regeneration
-was needed he was Just the person to
o it. la New York there are many
persons who think Croker Is not the
person, and others who know he is not;
while outside of New Tork pretty much
everybody agrees that he is a con
scienceless and unscrupulous pirate and
leech. He has heretofore had one vir
tue that he does not now assume, and
that is that he has not pretended to be
better than he is. Hypocrisy is the last
refuge of cowards. Croker must be los
ing: his grip on himself as fast as he
seems to be losing: his neck-hold on
Tammany and the unfortunate munici
pality of New York.
A PECULIAR PEOPLE.
The Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, in an ar
ticle recently published In The Orego
nian, congratulates the South that "we
are a peculiar people," and pleads this
fact as a reason why the South should
continue to flock by itself politically.
It may not be denied that the South
stands for "a peculiar people," and,
because it does, it succeeds in being
nothing but a drag on the car of Na
tional progress. Since 1876 the vote of
the South has been solid for the Dem
ocratic candidate for President, and al
ways will be so long as the Republican
party is the aggressive representative
of the sentiment of unity and national
ity in the American Republic "Without
the vote of the South there would be no
states at the North with a Democratic
majority, save Colorado, Montana, Ne
vada and Idaho. The South persists
in being the last man In the procession
of American progress, and a limping,
repulsive straggler at that. Illiteracy
grows rather than decreases In Louisi
ana, the white illiterates increasing
rather than the black. The only states
in the Union where men are burned to
death at the stake, save Colorado, are
at the South; and Colorado does It be
cause her mobs are organized and led
chiefly by men of Southern breeding.
Of 127 lynchlngs that took place In the
United States In 1898, 108 were perpe
trated at the South. Of the votes for
dishonest money In Congress, for wild
cat financial schemes, two-thirds at
least in the past have come from the
South. The only part of the country
where the ballot-'box has been disman
tled by systematic violence and habitu
ally defiled by organized fraud Is the
South.
Ever since the Civil "War the North
has headed the car of National prog
ress for the path of equal rights and
honest money, while the South has been
solid for suppressed suffrage and dis
honest money. Verily, it may not be
denied that the South is "a peculiar
people,"
Its public teachers in the schools, its
private teachers in the family, studi
ously educate the young generation of
the South to accept as authentic a
grossly ignorant and lying version of
the history of the great war for the
Union. There is not a school history
used in the common schools at the
South that Is not a printed He so far as
the history of the Civil "War Is con
cerned, its cause, Its actors and its con
sequences. These lies are not recited,
but are contradicted by the historical
narratives of Johnston, Beauregard and
Longstreet, but they are set forth in
the vainglorious education that South
ern children get In Southern school
books. Loyalty to the American flag,
loyalty to the Union in the sense that
"Webster, Jackson and Lincoln under
stood it, is sedulously excluded from
the teaching of the school children.
Every fluent demagogue from a South
ern stump swells with his epileptic spit
tle this current of vicious popular edu
cation at the South. With this false
education to sectionalism; with this
apotheosis of conspirators against the
Union as patriots, heroes, statesmen
and martyrs, what kind of a crop of
American manhood is the so-called
"New South" raising today? The South
today, with its Ignorance, Its vainglo
rious sectionalism, its dishonest finance,
its systematically suppressed suffrage,
its practical prohibition of free speech,
free vote, full vote and fair count; its
lynch law, its general barbarism and
gross Ignorance, does stand most odi
ously for a very "peculiar" people.
The South persists in being to the
rest of the Union a thorn in the flesh.
It is obstructive to the forward move
ment of the Union when not absolutely
destructive. It is incapable of patri
otic beneficence in National politics.
Slavery was the spirit of Nessus to the
South. The war stripped oft the shirt,
but the South continues to die slowly
of blood poison. The South has for
nearly twenty-five years voted solidly
for dishonest money, both flat paper
and fiat silver. It has voted solidly for
a defiled, dismantled and defrauded
ballot-box. On this malodorous record
it may lay just claim to the title of "a
peculiar people." The South- behaves
today with the same stolid, solid sec
tionalism it did In the years when it
pretended to be forced into solidarity
by the threat of "negro domination."
It Is because the South is saturated
with sectionalism that it proposes to
day to hold its 112 electoral votes and
wield them as if they belonged to a
distinct people struggling for suprem
acy against the rest of the Union.
The South will not succeed in its re
actionary policy. The sentiment of
unity and nationality in the American
Republic 1b so strong today that the
party found in opposition to it will be
sure to be beaten at the polls. The Re
publican party lc content that th.e
South should continue to fulminate his
torical lies about "the lost cause," to
multiply Confederate monuments and
public mummeries, for it is safe to say
that the party of American nationality
will continue to beat the party of
American sectionalism.
COLOSSAL NAVY-BUILDING.
It must be apparent to all who are
observant students of cause and ef
fect that whatever assurance of peace
the world, has today comes through a
readiness for war, or, more specifical
ly speaking, through the ability of the
nations to maintain their rights by
force. If it cemes to that. The vast
amount of money spent each year in
navy-building, equipment and main
tenance may be taken as an Indication
that whatever of peace and its bless
ings the dwellers on land may enjoy,
there will be war, or readiness for war;
on the high seas to the end of time.
The efforts of the United States to
create a Navy, and the cost involved
therein, are generally well understood,
so far, at least, as the ordinary mind
is able to grasp the meaning of vast
sums. For the coming year we shall
spend approximately $20,000,000 a sum
not to be complained of, great as it lb,
since the bulk of it is asked for docks
and yards wherein the very costly and
efficient Navy we now possess can be
kept in repair. A fact significant in
the hill of expense Is that the tools
with which a navy is built cost as much,
as the vessel themselves, and the equip
ment necessary to keep it in repair are
almost as expensive, with this differ
ence: the plant has permanent values,
while the ships are almost ephemeral,
owing to the constant improvement in
types. Those ships, for example, of
which the Oregon is the highest type,
though but a few years old, have al
ready been displaced in efficiency by
the superiority as fighting machines of
the Kearsarge and Kentucky.
Our expenditure, however, heavy as
it is, is but a trifle as compared with
that of Great Britain. Just now that
nation has under construction 17 battle-ships,
24 cruisers, 8 sloops-of-war and
25 torpedo-destroyers, at a total cost of
1133,000,000, Nor does this sum complete
the fleet specified. It only moves them
forward in construction and completes
those the building of which was begun
under a former budget. France has
provided for a period of naval con
struction reaching to 1907, in which a
total of 220 vessels are to Ijb built, the
outlay for this year being 5124,000,000.
The present plan of Germany includes
the possession of 34 battle-ships, 32
cruisers and 80 torpedo-boats. Her es
timates have not as yet been allowed
by the Reichstag, but over 5100.000,000
is asked as this year's apportionment.
Italy, poverty-stricken in governmental
resources as she is, is spending this
year $30,000,000 on her navy; Japan's
budget for naval equipment Is $23,000,
000; Russia's will be $45,500,000 for start
ing construction on new ships and
completing those under way; Austria.
Sweden, Holland and Denmark are pre
paring to double their naval expendi
ture. In short, to carry out the various
programmes of naval construction as
framed by the nations of the world will
require an outlay of over $5,000,000,000.
England set the pace In naval con
struction some years ago, and in push
ing it energetically while quiet reigned
in the shipyards of other nations she
Incurred enormous expense in the con
struction of vessels that were practical
ly outdated by the progress of naval
architecture as soon as they were com
pleted. It Is only In relatively recent
years that other nations have followed
her lead, and no nation has now hopes
of overtaking her. For ourselves, our
chief duty at present is to provide
ways and means to keep our Navy in
repair and man it up to the point of
Its full efficiency. This, together with
the completion of the vessels now or
dered or under construction, Is beliaved
to be all that will be required for a
few years. In the meantime the mighty
ships which represent our Nation at
sea, with the honorable record that is
behind them, advertise sufficiently our
ability to take care of ourselves under
all circumstances.
THE MISERABLE FATE OF CHINA.
The powers must soon act decisively
In the restoration of efficient govern
ment in China, or that vast country
will sink into a swamp of anarchy and
blood. The armies of the allies reached
Pekin August 14, and It is now weil
past the middle of November, and the
foreign Ministers have only Just suc
ceeded In formulating the terms y
propose to press upon China as the
basis of a preliminary treaty. In the
meantime Germany and Great Britain
have employed their troops In punitive
expeditions of severe reprisals from the
capture of Pekin to the present day.
A large number of Chinese officials
have been executed by the orders of
the international military commission,
or by direction of Count von Walder
see. The preliminary terms of peace
are not perhaps unjust, but some of
them are impolitic and others imprac
ticable. It would be bad policy to exe
cute Prince Tuan, for he is the father
of the heir to the throne. The prohibi
tion of the importation of arms would
only stimulate smuggling, and China
has a number of arsenals amply able to
manufacture the best modern arms un
der the eye of a European or American
superintendent. The razing of the Chi
nese forts on the seacoast, and the pro
vision of a permanent guard of foreign
troops to guard the railroad between
Pekin and the sea would be an invasion
of -China's international rights, and
would be of no avail if another capital
Bhould be chosen by the government
far distant from the sea and without
any railway connections with the coast.
If it be true that the powers mean to
demand an indemnity of $$00,000,000,
when the utmost China can pay is
$200,000,000, it would mean that they
propose to take the whole fiscal admin
istration of China under their control,
Just as they did that of Egypt in 1S82,
when Lord Cromer, the representative
of the British Government, became ad
ministrator of the fiscal affairs of that
country.
In the meantime, China faces ruin.
The three northern provinces are cut
off from all their trade, have had poor
crops, and will suffer from starvation
and food riots this "Winter. The south
ern coast of China is closed to com
merce. The Interior trade is destroyed.
The southern Viceroys are with diffi
culty suppressing Insurrection. The
Chinese court cannot punish the guilty
General whose head is demanded by
the allies, if they would, for he com
mands their only army, and they dare
&ot punish the other Manchu Princes,
whose h'eads are demanded by the al
lies, aB they would be sure to organize
a rebellion against their authority in
self-preservation. The truth is that the
whole Chinese Government, outside the
captive Emperor, were Just as guilty
Supporters of the Boxer movement as
Prince Tuan and the other proscribed
Manchu Princes and Generals. As
Burke said, "You cannot Indict a whole
people," and you cannot expect the Pe
kin Government to agree to punish
Itself, or surrender Its own neck to the
ax of the foreigner. There will be aw
ful anarchy and famine and blood all
Winter in China, and perhaps a terri
ble war in the Spring. If China can
not or will not pay an extortionate in
demnity, then it Is likely that territor
ial security for its payment will be de
manded, the territory occupied and ad
ministered upon, and this will mean the
beginning of the partition of China. In
the meantime, the trade of China will
be ruined, and the occupation -of the
country will be so costly that Its parti
tion will be about as expensive as
drawing an elephant in a raffle. He
win eat his own head off before you
can use him for any labor that will
earn a dividend on his original cost and
dally support.
Stimulated by a reward of $500 offered
by the Governor, a Sheriff's posse has
been for some days In hot pursuit of
the murderer of Sheriff Young, of Park
County, Montana. The fugitive, a des,
perate criminal, whose life is forfeit to
justice unless he can avoid capture, is
well acquainted with the country over
which he is flying and hiding, and it
seems probable that he may escape into
"Wyoming and elude capture. Though
the facilities f or the apprehension and
arrest of criminals are so complete as
seemingly to make escape Impossible,
a man spurred on by desperation occa
sionally savei. his life by losing it
through obliterating all trace of its ex
istence, so far as old friends and asso
ciations are concerned. One can but
marvel at the brute Instinct that strives
In such desperate fashion to keep base
life afoot, and counts It a victory that
enables its possessor to live on, a
hunted animal, through long years.
The Methodist Church seems to
thrlvebestwhen In a hammer-and-tongs
fight 'with somebody about something.
Its latest outburst against the Roman
Catholic Church will very likely do that
militant organization no great harm,
and it may do the Methodists good.
The trouble seems to be that the Meth
odists have paid no attention to the
Catholic trespass signs, and are trying
to gain a stronger, foothold In Europe,
with no great success. The Methodist
theory is that if it is Catholic it is not
good, and therefore must be extermi
nated. "Witness the following:
"I see that Bishop Cranston, who Is evidently
posted, pronounces the name 'Philippine' dif
ferently from most of us," cold Br. James M.
Buckley, of New Tork, 'The usual pronunci
ation, I believe, Is 'Phlllppeen.' " "Oh, yes, I
know," sold Bishop Cranaton, "that's the -way
the- Komonlats pronounce. But we want to
remove every vestige of Home from those
Islands, and we might as well change the pro
nunciation of the name. I propose to say
'Phlllp-pjne.' " Many of the members of the
missionary committee applauded the sentiment.
Apparently the A. P. A. Is not dead,
but sleepeth, and talketh In its sleep.
According to Dr. Eben Moore Flagg,
the man reported to have been expelled
from the American Vice-Consulship of
Paraguay at the outbreak of the Span
ish War on account of his alleged sym
pathy with Spain, the property-owning
classes of the South American States
"would rejoice if the United States were
to extend its sway over the entire
"Western hemisphere." Ah, but the
other classes, that constitute the
masses in these countries! The thought
of them is sufficient to make Uncle Sam
deaf and blind to all blandishments of
the South American sisters. He has
his hands reasonably full Just now,
with work enough cut out to keep him
busy for an .indefinite length of time.
Not but that he could and would tackle
any job that was necessary, but he is
not at present out looking for countries
and peoples to take under his prbtect
ing wing and "be a father to."
A November chill has struck the en
tire Pacific Northwest, sending the
people Into their overcoats and furs,
and causing furnace fires to be lighted
In residences heretofore kept comfort
able by open grates. It cannot last, of
course. These atmospheric rigorj3 are
of the spasmodic sort In the Coast sec
tions of this region, and they are un
comfortable while they last, chiefly be
cause they find the people unprepared
for them. "Winter In November Is not
altogether a new experience, even in
this section, but It is sufficiently rare
to take people unaware and cause un
seemly complaint.
If a disgruntled Bryanite should say
that the several failures and bank
steals in the past week were due to
McKinley, the reply. would be, "What
more is wanted? The losers are trust
magnates! and large holders of capital,
the professed enemies of Bryahltes.
Furthermore, the money lost is now
with the common people. Therefore,
the bank thief is a public benefactor,
and If McKinley caused the failures he
is another.
Some Democratic organs, In deliver
ing themselves of their prim, delecta
ble opinions, think to muscularlze their
thews of argument by propnesylng a
business reaction In a year or two. In
fact, this is their whole stock in trade
Just now. They are determined that if
prosperity continues it will not be their
fault. If anything is accomplished In
the next four years, they may rest as
sured that they will not be Indicted
for it.
Hoyt was not a great playwright, but
his influence upon the contemporaneous
American drama has been strong and
enduring. Farce-comedy was his own
particular field. He knew nothing and
cared nothing ab6ut consistent, natural
and harmonious development of play or
plot. But he was a master tinker in
stagecraft, and he knew how to please
and amuse the public.
"We suspected that the story that
Hermann was going to decline a re
nomination to his present position did
that great man an injustice. To give
up one fat job before he has another is
not the Hermann method.
Sons of Oregon showed California
how to play football. The victory
means more than athletic supremacy,
because the best athletes are the best
students.
Typhoid germs are of novel antiquity
in nihilism, so that the paragraph
smith has not discovered anything new
under the sun to say of the Czar.
China discovered America 1500 years
ago, but soon forgot It. Her recent dis
covery of America will not so soon be
forgotten.
The next thing for the Boxers to do
if they have heard of the Colorado
lynching Is to hold indignation meet
ings. Carnegie says no man should die rich.
But trust his prudence for not dying
any other way.
Every defaulting bank cashier has
his day; then the Sheriff has his.
Clnlclc Revival ot Business.
New York Commercial Advertiser.
Thev amazing thing about the industrial
revival after McKlnley's election was 1tj
suddenness. It seemed to take effect au
tomatically, almost Instantly, without a
decent natural Interval for the mere
routine details of business. The explana
tion of this, obviously, is the preparation
of the business mind for the event ana
the great number of contingent contracts.
These took effect on the day after clev
tidn without even the formality of a con
firmatory telegram, and industrial estab
lishments could order work on them to
begin at once. Besides these actual con
tracts contingent on. the election, there
seems to have been a great number of
orders ready t send out in the first mall
afte news of t was had on which work
could begin almost as soon. The sudden
ness of the Industrial movement distin
guishes it from -four years ago more
than its yolume. The notion that Indus
trial energy was at such high pitch al
ready that there could be no parallel ot
the Increase of 1S97 begins to be held with
less confidence. But there was less cer
tainty of the event In advance in 1S95. ana
the machinery of industry was Idle Tina I
rusty, it took some time tor it to get
in motion after feeling the neW Impulse
like a powder fuse and leaped ahead un
der it with almost explosive force.
PARIS EXPOSITION FIGURES.,
Financially Not a Success, but of
Great Benefit to France.
Chicago Journal.
The world's fair at Paris, which was held
open an extra week at popular request,
gives the newspapers of that city an
opportunity for the expression of a satls
actlon on which they are to be congrat
ulated. From their point of view the
exposition has not been the failure that
some foreign writers have depicted; In
deed, the claim Is made that In the num
ber of Its visitors it has been the most
successful ever held, more than 50.000,000
people having passed through the gates.
This total ISv of course, obtained by the
count of tickets, which would be more
Impressive if the tickets themselves had
not been so cheap, and If five of them
had not been required for one admission
on the last day.
The total, however, could have fallen
far below the o0.000.0C0, and sfll have ex
ceeded that of any previous world's fair.
The Paris fair of 1SS9 reported 82,354,111
admissions; the Chicago fair of 1893, 27,
629,400; the Philadelphia fair of 1S76, 9.7S9.
392, while the first one In London, In 1831,
produced only 6,170,000. For the attend
ance of a single day, the Paris top rec
ord of 600,000 was broken by Chicago's on
"Chicago day," of 760,000. By the money
standard, which Is, after all. the stand
ard by which success must be reckoned,
the Paris show suffers In the compari
sons. The receipts from admissions ana
concessolns have been much less at the
Paris fair than at Chicago, tickets hav
ing been sold for weeks at a time at a
sou each and less. Small receipts for en
trance fees have been the rule at all
Parl3 shows. The 6,170.000 visitors to Lon
don In 1851 produced $2,530,000 in admis
sion fees, while In Paris. In 1855, 5,162,350
admissions brought In only $1,230,000. Phil
adelphia's 9.789.392. In 1876, brought $3,813,
749, wnlle in Paris, in 1878, the totals
were 16,032,725 and $2,531,650. Chicago's
27,529.400 guests in 1S93 paid $14,117,332, as
against J8.3SO.000 by the 32,354,111 visitors
to Paris in 1889. In maknlg up the Chi
cago records holders of free tickets and
passes were ignored, only the actual paid
admissions being counted.
The Paris newspapers claim, however,
that the immediate receipts of 'the fair
represent but a small part of the profits
to Paris and to France, which Is doubt
less true. If the charges of the Paris
trades people In fair times are taken into
consideration. The National treasury re
ceipts this year show an Increase of $20,
000,000, and the quays, bridges and trans
portation lines that have been built
around Paris remain as permanent pub
lic Improvements. Business has received
an impetus, though what the hotel and
shopkeepers will do, when their charges
descend to the normal, can only be con
jectured. The fair Itself would have been more
of a success if the Paris people had not
antagonized the English by their hatred
and the Americans by their rapacity.
The English boycotted the exhibition out
right, and the first flight of American
visitors brought home such amazing sto
ries of pettiness and extortion that oth
ers, In prudence, remained away. It is
none the less gratifying to And that the
French enjoyed their own show.
DECLINING RATES OF INTEREST.
Twenty Tears Ajro Money Wai Much
Dearer.
The Engineering News pronounces the
reduction In the average rate of Interest
In the United States during the past 20
years "one ot the most remarkable eco
nomic changes that has ever taken place
in this or any other country." Twenty
years ago 6 per cent was the common
rate, 'even on well-secured railway bonds,
and not a few 7 and 8 per cent bonds
were to be found. At present money Is
so much cheaper that it is to be had In
any quantity at one-half or one-third the
rate of two decades ago. The now 2 per
cent bonds of the Federal Government,
due in 1930, are quoted at 104, which
means that the net interest obtained by
the Investor Is only about 1 per cent.
Earlier Issues bring even less. The 4s,
due In 1907, are quoted at from 114 to
115, which nets the holder about 1,6 per
cent, and of these 4 per cents $341,348,000
are still outstanding. The 5 per cents of
1904 bring us to the climax of cheap cap
ital. As these are now quoted at 114H,
the $40,000,000 of them still outstanding
net their owners less than 1 per cent on
their present valife. Railroads are con
stantly paying off their old 6 per cent
mortgages with money borrowed on the
same property by means of 3 and 4 per
cent mortgages. At the same time In
some parts of the country, owing to de
fective banking facilities, people pay ir
10 and even 12 per cent. High rates like
these are sometimes due to defective se
curity or the entire want of collateral.
When there is no collateral or adequate
Security the risk Is great and the profit
on a loan is expected to be corresponding- I
ly great. But even where there Is ade
quate security rate? are sometimes high
if there are few savings banks with de
poslts to be loaned or few banks of any
kind to compete with each other and
thur keep down the rate of Interest. It
IS, In fact, only In places like Baltimore,
New York and London, where deposits
are enormous, that interest works down
to very low figures. Still, where the rate
arc high now they were higher 20 years
ago, so that it must he conceded that
time is cheapening capital.
Everybody Is Better Off.
St. Paul Pioneer-Press.
There has been a sudden Increase In
the cash wealth of every man, woman
and child in the country, amounting to 53
cents per head- At least, that is the way
the statistician of the Treasury Depart
ment figures it out, though we oan't con
scientiously advise the public to get ex
travagant on the strength of It. The
cause lies In the findings of the census
bureau which discovered that the popu
lation of the country was only 76.500,000 in
June, instead of the 78,000,000 estimated by
the Treasury man. Consequently, the
$2,139,181,412 of good hard cash In circula
tion In this country on November 1 had
to be divided among only 76,891,000, insteaa
of the 78,377,000 that would have shared
in It If the census man had not interfered.
Henca in this way alone the per capita
circulation went up 53 cents, and on the
revised basis stood on the first of the
month at $27 82, against $27 01 on October
1. Taking the Increase In the circulation
during October and the reduction in the
population every one could have 81 cents
more if there were an equal distribution
of the outstanding cash.
Winston Cuurcb.111 Not So Good.
London letter to New York World.
Lord Rosslyn was openly sntibbed In
Hyde Park the other day for the charge
ot repeating unjust reports about the of
ficers of the Tenth Hussars, and a similar I
punishment is said to be in store ior i
Winston Churchill for playing tne part oi
a cad in the escape from Pretoria.
Churchill In his book and lectures
makes himself out a hero of the first
water The true story, however, paints
the child member of Parliament in entire
ly different colors. The other war corre
spondents had preceded Churchill to the
Pretoria Jail, and they had carefully
worked out a plan of escape before he ar
rived. He was generously admitted Into
the secret, and on the night previous to
the one set for the break Churchill em
ployed his companions' ruse for his own
escape and left them In the lurch. This
betrayal of friendship has long rankled
in the breasts not only of the two corre
spondents concerned, but In those of
many of the officers who were prisoners.
They now propose to administer, a .proper
punishment.
M'KINLEY'S PERSONAL TRIUMPH,
Harper's Weekly.
President McKinley Is today the most
enviable of men, and if he goes his way
with a beaming face that dims the ef
fulgent glory of the mid-day sun. no man
lives who may properly blame him for
so doing. To have secured the overwhelm
ing indorsement of the American peo
ple, which came to him at the polls on
the th of November, is an achievement
and a compliment of which he may well
be proud. No other Executive since Pres
ident Grant has been similarly honored,
the nearest approach to it being the sec
ond election of Mr. Cleveland, after an
Intervening period df four years of retire
ment. Mr. Cleveland's triumph was
rather a personal than an official one,
since, having been out of office during
President Harrison's Administration, he
had no immediate official performanee
upon which to go before the people. In
Mr. McKlnley's case the victory Involves
much of both. It is a personal triumph
as well as an official one, for many of
those who voted for him with great re
luctance four years ago did so this year
with an alacrity born of a newly-acquired
confidence In the man himself, a con
stantly growing respect for his dignified
demeanor in all his relations in life, pub
lic and private, emphasized by bis bear
Ins during the campaign, and positive ad
miration for the qualities of statesman-1
ship which he has unquestionably de
veloped In the four stressful years of his
occupancy of the White House.
All the weakness and fallacies of Bry
antsm aside, it is a fortunate thing that
the election has resulted as it has. It
would have been a pHy If the tried and
faithful servants of the people had been
'turned out of office with their work still
far short of its full fruition, after having
conducted the affairs of the Nation .since
1897 so admirably, with such wholesome
vigor, and with such a high degree of
wisdom. Even had Mr. Bryan been
stronger, and his supporters less open to
criticism, and his platform less defiant of
those principles which appeal to the con
servative mind, In view of all the per
plexities which have confronted the Ad
ministration and the sagacity with
which the problems thereby presented
have been met It would have an act of
great Injustice, if not of base ingrati
tude, to have denied the President the
satisfaction and the reward of a re-election
to the office he has filled so well.
A further cause for self-congratulation
Mr. McKinley will find in the opportunity
which the tremendous vote, of confidence
Just recorded places within his reach.
He knows now what he could not be
wholly sure of before: that the American
people believe In him and propose to
stand by him In the pursuit of such
policies of the Administration as he in his
wisdom may elect to follow. Strong Re
publican as he Is, he is no longer to be
regarded merely as the leader of his
party or as the pliant Instrument of
those who stand high In Its councils.
His certificate of re-election Is a declara
tion of its independence which an analy
sis of his vote mokes altogether clear.
Rather more than any man who has occu
pied the Presidential chair in our day and
generation may "Mr. McKinley regard
himself as holding his commission from
the people Irrespective of partisan bias.
Instead of from a party organization,
and we incline to the opinion that no
one more clearly recognizes this fact
than Mr. McKinley himself. His sup
porters were men of many and widely
differing political creeds, united In his
cause against a common foe, and for that
reason the President has a National
rather than a party mandate, which
places him in a position of commanding
power and influence for good. That he
will grasp the opportunities presented
by this fortunate circumstance, and
will give to the affairs of the Nation for
the four years to come the faithful at
tention and intelligent direction which
the complications ahead of us require,
the experience of the past ages gives us
the right to predict with confidence.
Growth of Popnlntion.
In the Popular Science Monthly for No
vember a writer undertakes to predict
the population of the United States at
various future dates, and finds that out
population in 2900 will be 40,852,273,000, or
11,000 persons to each square mile. The
percentage of lncrese in 1790 was 32 per
cent, in 1880 it was 24 per cent, and In 1990
It will be 13 per cent. The rate decreases
from decade to decade, but the reduction
of the rate1 to zero is placed in the Indefi
nite future. The present population of
76,000,000 will by 1950 have been swollen
to 120,000,000, according to the estimates
presented. But the estmate of over 40,
C00.OQ0C0O by 2900, or even the more mod-
I est estimate of 1,112,867,000 in 2100, seems
to take insufficient account of factors
that tend to restrict population. The
competition for the necessaries of life
will be Intensified to a killing extent long
before 1,000,000,000 is reached, to say noth
ing of 40,000,000,000. Population Increases
in a country only when the means of sub
sistence are in excess of the needs of the
existing population. In the last four
centuries the discovery of virgin soil in
America has supplied a wide margin of
surplus food. During the century now
endnig the invention of the steam engino
and labor-saving machinery has enabled
each generation to exploit new lands with
great rapidity and produce foodstuffs
vastly In excess of the needs of existing
population. Such excess measures the
possible Increase. But the area of un
titled fertile soli in the United States la
now rapidly diminishing, and there is no
probability that future generations will
find It as easy to make a living as the
present generation does. The conditions
are, in fact, yearly becoming harder. Tho
Eastern States already feel the pinch and
their rata of increase declines. The West
also shows a declining rate, and 50 years
hence we may be in the position ot
France, where papulation not only does
not Increase, but shows a tendency to
lessen.
Sweet Idolntry.
Arthur J. Burdlck In Los Angeles Herald.
Deep la a dreamy, ancjent wood
Where once a. mighty temple stood.
In grandeur 'mid the fertile land,
A ruin centuries old now stands,
Its crumbled walls 'neath mosses greea
So thickly burled scarce 'Us seen.
Its columns fallen to decay.
Its grandeur Iocs: since pawed away.
Amid this wreck, triumphant still
O'er Time, which thus hath worked Its will
Upon this temple, carved la stone,
An ancient Idol stands alone;
Sits pensive on 1U granite throne.
With lichens thickly overgrown.
On either side the forest dank.
With tangled brake and creepers rank.
Bars any seeking to Intrude
Upon the Idol's solitude.
Above twines many a leafy limb
To form a covering for him.
Below, e'en at Its granite base,
A pool flings back the Idol's face.
And from green pads upon It spreed
The stately lotus rears Its head.
There, In its dreamy solitude,
A thousand years the god bath stood,
A thousand years, f a:h Summer through,
The lotus' heart hath proven true;
Bath breathed the fragrance of Its love '
To please that stony face above.
While stands that image In the grove
That loyal Cower will prove Its love.
Though vain Its effort to beguile.
It aye will strive to win the smile,
A ate true lore hath often known
rC9 Tfaste Its sweetness, on a,stoae
NOrE AND COMMENT. .
A .
It is net on record that any ne shrieked
when Bryanism died.
The Boer War seams to be like ins
Irishman's rope. Somebody has cut Jtrie
end off.
It new looks as if the Czar would llve
to keep the world 'In a oontmualbrotl
with .his peaoa conferences.
The New York Police Commissioner
will turn crooked captains over to the
accusing investigators, but they will prob
ably hold? out Mr. Croker,
It is a curious coincidence that Croker
happeas to be In England every time the
conduet of the administration of the City, ,
ot New York is being looked into.
The advertising fakers who have beea
making Bryan big offers may possibly be.
able to make a deal with the Duke of
Manchester that will be worth their while.
Among the flattering offers made to the
defeated candidate qt the Democracy, no
one has noticed an invitation from the
Nebraska Legislature, to accept a seat in
the United States Senate.
People who are looking for Presidential
candidates of the future may possibly ob- '
serve that preliminary work on the con
struction of a lightning rod has begun its
the office of one W. K. Hearst, of New
York. A story is recalled about General Sher
man when he visited West Point soma
years ago for the graduation exercises
He aocompanled the command ant on -his
Sunday morning tour of Inspection of
barraeks, and on entering a certain rooms
he walked over to the mantelpiece. Stoop
ing down he pried up a brick from that
middle of the hearth with his sword scab
bord, and revealed a hollow space about
a foot square, in whloh was nicely packed;
a considerable quantity of tobacco and.
other contraband articles. Meanwhile thai
cadets occupying the room stood by mute
ly watching, and wondering what sort of
a man the General was to have been able
to discover the only "cellar of its kind
In the barracks." Turning to the com
mandant the General remarked: "I have
been wondering If that hole was still
there. I made It when I was a cadet and
lived In this room'
Five-year-old Georgle Wells, the son oC
Dr. George Miles Wells, ot Wayne, Pa.,
is an ardent admirer of Admiral Samp
son. Several daya ago, when Georgia
learned that his hero was ill, he labor
iously composed the following letter o
condolence and mailed It: J'Woyne, Pa,
Dear Admiral Sampson: My old nurse
read In the paper that you are sick; I
am very sorry. I send you a picture of
a dog. I hope you will like it. I am
five years old. I hope you will soon be
well again George Miles Wells."
The other day the little fellow received!,
a letter from the Admiral as follows:
"Navy Yard. Boston. My Dear Miles:
I have received your letter, with the pic
ture of the dog, which pleased me very
much. I am now well again, and. of
course, am glad of it; but I received so
many nice letters, though none were
nicer than yours, that it made it almost
worth while to be trfok. With my very
best wishes, I am, yours sincerely, W. TV
Sampson."
Cold weatherT "Well, it's poselble the roaring:
polar hear
Might think the atmosphere down here delight
ful balmy air.
It's alo, Dalbla a ent from down Nebraska t
Might ay It Isn't halt as eold m laet election
day.
But when the prime ot Summer tlm In mem
ory lingers still.
And remnants of the picnic lunch yet He alone
the rill;
When "Winter ceats are yet unboughw and fuel
yet unchopped.
Before the Summer price of lee has eTn
slightly dropped.
Before the festive plumbers have arranged the
Fall repairs '
So that the first cold day will make the city.
wholly theirs,
When, to be brief, we only looked for Indian
Summer base,
Tho mercury shrinks medestly away from our
fond gaze,
The beautiful descends la sheets and covers up
the town.
And J. Froat comes alone behind and firmly
glues It down.
When on the sllek and slippery walks you can
not go at all.
Unless you happen to enjoy the Impact 'of a
fall;
When chill and Wintry gusts of wind assault '
you In the fAco,
And plumbers boys In quest of tools meander
every placo,
When streams from busted water pipes your
cellars quickly fill, '
And It consoles you to reflect you've got to
pay the bill.
When slush and water seeping through your
brand-new "Winter shoes
Envelop your extremities la clammy lc cold
ooze.
When ooushs and colds and croup and' grip
are floating everywhere, t
And you breathe la pneumonia with every gulp
Of air.
When such a spell of weather comes a full
month under due.
To paralyie the public till they tuftx-eleorrlo
blue.
Tou may not be astonished if perchance you
should be told
By some half-frozen passer-by that It Is pretty
cold.
PLEASAKTRIES OF PAKAGRAPHERS
In Boston. His New York Aunt Then ypur
little brother's education must have been neg
lected. Boston Boy Yes, Indeed I Why4 be
doesn't know the rudiments of metaphysics!
Life,
The Commerslal Instinct. Mamma Tommy,
do stop that noise. If you'll only be good I'll
give you a penny Tommy No, I want" a
picket. Mamma Why, you little rascal, you
were quite satisfied to be good yesterday for a
penny. Tommy I know, but that was a bar
gain day. Philadelphia Press.
Self-interest Mother (reading telegramj
Henry telegraphs that the game Is over and t
came out of It with three broken ribs, a bro
ken soee and four teeth out. Father (eagerly)
And who wonT Mother He don't say. Father
(Impatiently) Confound It all! That boy never
thinks of anybody but himself 1 Now I'll hav
to wait until I get the morning papers Puck.'
Couldn't He Write It? Patient C-c-can you
c-c-c-cure st-st-stam-m-raerlngT Physician
Yes, sir. Do you wish to take the full course
of treatment? Pattest N-n-no. I J-J-Jt
w-w-want to learn to s-s-eay ch-ch-ch-chrys-chrys-an-the-the-the-xn-m-mum
so I can. tell
the fl-florlst what I w-w-want before the oh-cfc
the fl-flower w-w-wlther Baltimore Ameri
can. -
Golf Flayer at the Ballot Box
J. G. N. in New York Bun
Hoot, monl Let's: awa tae the green
Wi dor brassle, an' niblick. aaf cleek.
We've a braw day afore us. Tva seea
Few better for mony a week.
Yet. ere, we can lay coon, the pen.
There's a dooty we- mauna neglect,
Jls to "tee" oop oor "ball" ot. ye ken.
And play "par golf," wl'out as defect.
Diana, "foozle" a hit wi yar vote,
But "approach" wl' a wholesome gate
swing..
Grip the "drfTer" (the pencil, ye'll nota
And, man, bit a stroke that will rtngl,
Te'H be In braw shape for the gome,
"Wl ier knowledge 6 dooty weel done.
Mark the cross o'er braw Mack's boaay Baas
Then awa tae the links and ye? fun.
So first pit yer -rotes la like mtn.
As' than y are free for the day.
The free-silver "bogle" we'll conquer, t lre,
WV cor Sound-Money "grand medal play,"