Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 1, 1900)
THE MORRIS .0EBG.02STIA, .'l&?OTA35- StiSER .. 1, .19,00.',; i HE SECOND CLEVELAND-ADMIISTRATLON (Copyright, 1900. by Jfc OREGON! AN'6 HOME STUDY CIRCLE: "HCAfl POLITICAL PARTIES xnv. The Campaign of. 1892. same candidates were-again placed nlnatlon In 1892, And almost the -sues were drawn as In 18SS. The jestlon was made paramount, and Otradlctory views of." the two par- jro fully set forth In the platforms n;d by the wo conventions. e Republicans vigorously defended HcKlnley law, and especially com. ded the feature of reciprocity which aibraced, Riving to the President diB- lonary power over duties upon lm- f"om any foreign land which he judge to have placed unjust or vo exactions upon American prod- td power also to withdraw such ons In favor " of any country corresponding concessions to ied States. They affirmed that act administered "by its friend an early day secure to America .nand of the markets of the y called attention to the pros- jndltlon -of the country, attrlbut 'same to the protective policy of ubjlcan Administration, and they ,he voters against the evident in f the opposing party to destroy "-stive system. tnocrats. on the other hand, de i the McKlnley tariff as robbery, ing the ancient Democratic doc at the Government has no Con al power to collect duties save jiuc only. They denied that the "was prosperous, declaring that is"ln wages had followed the in on of the new tariff law, and they elicit promise to repeal the ob--act in case they should be re o power, Iver problem did not appear as Issue. The Democratic platform cd, go so far as to denounce the act for the purchase of silver s a. dangerous Republican meas t both parries professed bimetal ies; both favored measures for co n with other nations in the In it silver. The Crlfcls of 1893. action resulted in the restoration nocratlc party, and for the first ra the Civil War It controlled at p time the Presidency and both )i Congress. The spirit in which ,paign was conducted Jed to the ion that the party would at once ioceed to execute Its commission to re- ' form the tariff, "but within a few weeks after the second inauguration of Cleve land the country was seriously shaken by a commercial panic The Treasury of the United States was immediately threatened with the loss of all Its gold. So desperate did the situation "become that tho Presi dent called an extra" session of Congress to met in August. 1893. and the two houses passed in JCovember an act re pealing the purchasing clause of the Sher man law. Thus It happened that the first important measure oT the restored De mocracy was not a tariff bill, but a sil ver "bill which was not a party measure, hut n. elved Republican support equally with t' at of tho Democrats. The "Wilson Bill. The ascendant Democracy was, however, not unmindful of the party pledges anent tariff reform. In December of the same year the "Wilson tariff hill was intro duced, to be carired on to its final pas sage In February, 1894. Tills was by no means a free-trade measure; it was rather a compromise along the lines jaf. a. general movement toward lower duties. The reciprocity scheme, of the JIcKinley act disappeared, and Just as the business interests of the country were becoming adjusted to the operation of the Republi can law of 1890 they were rudely dis turbed in many details by the Democratic law of 1894. And yet the tariff leglsla tlon of the Democrats was really no more of a free-trade tendency than was "that of tho Republicans in 1883) The country was learning through sad cxperi nee that frequent partisan threats of revi lutlonary changes In the schedule of im osts were disastrous to business, while mere partisan debate upon the sub ject roacted unfavorably upon the legiti mate industries of the country. Exag geration for nolitlcal effect of the -really slight differences in the policies of the i two '..rties worked in the -same "dlrec-l tlon. The watchful business man was Ind to expect sweeping changes when no e sch changes were actually contemplated. "lie Congressional Election of 1S94. The passage of the "Wilson bill was fol f we1 by a revolution in party ascendency ( lmo- as overwhelming as that which t-uci. ed the enactment Df the Republi can i, ' four years before. The election of jfr ?ress in 1B94 was made .to turn Kk litlvely unon tariff miestlnns than preceding election. The Republi ttacked the Wilson hill, but they Bt promiso to restore the McKinley .he prevailing business depression I strongly in their-f arvor. For that harged the. responsibility in a gen ay upon the Democratic party,1 and was the usual popular tendency to the change as due to unwise meth- in the conduct of the Government jr ver. President Cleveland was er opular with the rank and file of ow i party. His successes had come gelj because of the strong suDDort yen aim by Independent Republicans. was in part the -lack of thorough loy S to the President on the part of Dem- rats which made so easy the Republl- n trl nuph in 1894. The Campaiffn Issue In 1890. during the last two -years of Cleveland's ond term the issue, for the campaign 1896 was made up. That issue was the e m lnage of the silver dollar by the States alone at the ratio of 16 to ver 'has a Presidential election upon a clearer Issue more sharply Such an event does not take s a mere temporary uocldent. Its ause lie deop in the past. Whl s the Civil War was In progress aid foi many years thereafter the dollar n common use was legal tender paper, commanding less -value than the coin of the same name. Millions of simple folk unskilled in financial science entered into contracts during this period, many of which Involved obligations extending over long terms of years. The idea of change in the value of money Itself did not enter into their thought. To them a dollar, whether of goM or silver or paper, was simply a dollav The prevailing rate of interest was high, and when the time finally came for the payment of the prin cipal of these debts the dollar had so in creased in value that the unlucky debtor was compelled to- make a gratuity of from 1 to 25 per jcent in. addition to the value pledged In the contract. So far as the paper dollar alone was concerned, the difficulty was got over out serious consequences. On its h paper dollar appeared as a tem- xpedlent to meet an emergency. ed with it a notification of a lve return to coin values. The vho inadvertently signed a con ling for dollars worth at the time which a few years later forced lay the same number of dollars rth 109 cents, could blame no one self. But when specie payments e more -restored the expectation eral that the fluctuation la the tho dollar would cease. That standard argument hy which the resumption had been supported. 79. it was thought that at last a -ad been provided in terms of ontracts could be drawn and the ns mot, even after the lapse of a Jn practically the same values, t a disappointment to find that, .er a return to a specie basis, -the ontinuedto increase in value, as Seymour Eaton.) , - . DIRECTED BY PROPSEYMOUR EATON rapidly as it had during the .Ave years preceding resumption. Pebtors .were still obliged in tho legal settlement of a debt to pay not only normal interest, but also a gratuity to the creditor. Part, of the .curse of the Civil War lay in the. fact that political dehate upon all subjects was habitually cast In the mold of Inordinate sensation and passion. The objection on theart of the debtor class to settling contracts In appreciated dol lars was in the partisan language of tho day branded as dishonest as the manifes tation of a disposition to commit theft or robber'. Among the debtors, on. the other hand, there were those who were ready to believe that the changes in the value of the 'dollar were the result of delib erate intent to execute continual and per petual spoliation upon tho producing classes. This style of political discussion tended to Increase mutual distrust and suspicion. "yVhen creditors accused their debtors of a purpose to defraud because they favored a policy for the continued use of the silver dollar, the enlightened debtor honestly believed that the chargo was not sincerely made. Such severity of arraignment, such re flections upon the motive of opponenls were to be expected .from' the lips of political orators in the heat, of partisan debate, and Injuries of that character did not strike deep. But when eminent edit ors of reputable religious newspapers, professors In colleges and universities of high standing, and other leaders of opin ion, lent the influence of their names and positions to support a form of political discussion which, involved either con scious hypocrisy or blank Idiocy, then. Indeed, the sense of Injury became deep and of serious protent, - Failure of Plan for BImetalism. Tho country hecame conscious of the final failure of the international bimetallic movement during the closing years of Cleveland's Administration. It was a movement which had received the support of a large proportion of the leading econ omists of Europe. No suver advocate in America had used stronger language de scriptive of the evil results of maintain ing a continually appreciating dollar than had some of the sober economists of world-wide reputation. There was abun dant and- high authority for "the belief that a persistence-in the policy on the part of the various nations for demone tizing silver and adopting Instead a single gold standard would create a currency which would continually Increase in value. To these reasons for anxiety must be added a consideration of the fact that during the same period in which sliver had been rejected a phenomenal increase had taken place in public and private in debtedness, new forms of credit had ap peared, so that not only a larger amount, but a larger proportion of the wealth! 'of the world was held under the various forms of credit. At a time when citizens had arrived at a general appreciation of all these facts the Democratic Convention was held in Chicago and the Bryan campaign was in augurated. It resulted In an effort tq se cure the retentlqn of silver as standard money. The new issue Involved the re adjustment of party allegiance. A con vention was hejd in Indianapolis, mainly composed of Democrats who had re mained faithful to Cleveland. They were the very Democrats who had been most hostile to the tariff policy associated with the name of McKlnley. Yet now they used every endeavor to secure his elec tion to the Presidency, so great .was the importance which they attached to the defeat of Mr. Bryan. At the same time, Mr. Bryan" was ardently supported by Re publicans in the silver-mining states. Iowa College. TOMBS OF CHINA, Worship -of Ancestors Universal, out Little Real Reverence. Xondon Telegraph. The banks and hills of the Tangtse are sprinkled and clothed with the tombs of generation upon generation. It has been said that at first sight China looks like 'one huge graveyard. Worship of an cestors, observance for the fathers that begat them, Is the great act of Chinese religion the only -vital point in all the sys tems of the Flowery Xtf.nd. Consequently, to disturb the bones of the dead, except for heavy compensation. Is an offense against society of the gravest kind. Miles of country, mostly hills, are given up to the burial ' of "Celestial dead, and none of this ground Is used for residence or cultivation, wnen a graveyard Is re quired In "whole or in part for the pur poses of foreign trade, or for the exten sion of a foreign settlement, a large sum has to be paid to the ascendants or de scendants of the corpse, as each grave is leveled, in order that the bones may be transferred to another resting place. Professors of light and air make many taels out of dead men's bones. Th,ey ,tell thfe family that the Feng Shui of' the family grave is of ill omen, and at much cost a new plot of ground is procured, and the lowest available le'dge walled up with a semi-circle of brick, painted white and blue and red. Only then do the pa triarchs slumber In their graves. The reinterment of the dead Is almost. aB fre quent as tho interment, where, as at Hankow, the "foreign devil" is demand ing concessions of land. Any day you may see a family party squatting round a now-made grave, to contain all that Is left of a lucky ancestor, whose very bones bring dollars to his clan. Of real reverence in all this there is hardly any. A Chinaman burns his "joss stick" and prolongs his mourning from months into years, in order that his fath er's spirit may not haunt him, and that the ghosts of those who have gone before may not hover about, without food and raiment, and bringjmd luck to him and his. It is all fear of "bad joss." Be sides, the Chinaman does as he would-be done by. and he expects his son, or the son he has adopted, for the purpose (it is the whole purpose of Chinese adop tion), to care for his "manes," as he did n his turn. So both banks of the Tang tse owe to the Tal Pings- and their tur bulent predecessors many thousands of dead men's acres in real mortmain tenure". c He Repudiates Bryan.. Among the Missouri Democrats who re pudiate Bryan and Bryanlsm Is James L.1 Blair, whose father. Majbr-General F. I Blair, was the Democratic candidate for vice-i-resiaent in lsus. xn a second state ment Mr. Blair said: "In 1S9C the unscrupulous leaders of the Democratic party so "perverted Its princi ples that from being the party of conserv atism It was made to stand for ultra-radicalism, If not revolution, and they chose for its leader a cheap demagogue," an ad vocate of political dishonor, social disor der and economic folly. Though I have always been an adherent of that party, I voted against its candidate and rejoiced In his defeat, because he stood for almost every governmental heresy known to man. Sfnce then his utterances have shown but little except crass Ignorance of statesmanship, arrogant disregard 'of party associates, a willingness toypander to class prejudice and a shifty cunning In adapting himself to changing political conditions und fomenting popular discon tent Thus he now represents all the dan gerous pronouncements of the Chicago platform and all the other vagaries which may suggest themselves to a mind of singular versatility in the evolution of political heresies. Tho Kansas City plat form is bad enough, but the candidate Tvho stands on It Is even worse. T can. conceive of no mlstakrf too serious, no .political scheme too grotesque, for such a man, standing upon such a rlatform. to carrv out--Ho Isjjout as. well fitted to be President of the United States as was Jack Cade to be Premier of England. Having these convictions, 1 can conceive of"ndclrcumstancesunder which' I could vote for-'him. I bell ove-that it -is the duty of every citizen to vote, even where, as in tho case of acltlzen of .Missouri, a vote for a Republican President may count for nothing. I, consider it to' be an implied condition "oCcitlzenshlp, .since .a, vote, while It may not count for'-eleotibn, help to make up that verdict "which is the expreslon of the opinion of the. wholo? people; and I wish thusC t, express .my' opinion of Mr. Bryan." ' "" . ' "T , , - ADVERTISEP.-r-' ,; List of Unclaimed. letters B.eralniH$ In the -Poatofllco at Portland, Or. - , Free delivery of "ettera by-carrlera at-sjha residence of owners ipay'ba secured by observ ing1 tha f ollowlne.Tulepf. '' . , '"' Direct plainly to the, street and . number oC "the house. t ' ' Head letters with tfthe- writer's full ftddreis, Including street. and number,, and. request an swer to be directed accbidlagly. Letters to strangors or transient visitors " the city, ivhoao special address may b un Jcnown, should be marked In the loft-hand cor ner, "Transient." This will prevent their bo lng delivered to persons of tha same or simi lar names. - ' Persons calling for these letters will plea state dato on which thoy were, advertised, Oc tober 1. They will be charged for at the rata f 1 cent each: WOMEN'S LIST. Albright, Mrs Cynthia Kurt, Mrs Q Hubert Andrews, Mrs Belle Lang, Rosa Andrus, Mrs tfellle - iaraln, Mrs Edward Archer, Mrs V B Lewis, Miss Bertha M Austin. Emma Loomls, Marie- Atwood, Miss Marlon Lucas, ,Mrs W W Bagley. Mrs C Lynch, Miss Lue Ball, Miss Hope Lynch, Mrs Esther Beck, Mrs Anna Lylo, Miss Ldula 1 xeiiee, Mrs Clnthy 'McBreathy; Mrs J M Berge, Miss Kugeborg Martin, Blanche Black. Mrs n-i Mason. Miss Ella S Blumanbaum, Miss Boos, Mrs E . Boss, Lena Burbank, Miss Lena Burke, Miss Ada Cain, Mrs Emma R Cooley, Mrs Florence Messlck, Miss Jennie, care Richard Messjck, Meade,. Miss Ethel Menzles, Mrs Grace" Mllislch, Miss Lena Montgomery, Mrs Maggie voiion, .mary Montgomery, Mrs J H Cutnminpfl ATIob t"... TnAm ATrc "W Cunningham, Miss T Moore, Miss Laurettc lyche, Mrs M V Mo6re, Miss Gertie Dally, Mrs Morgan, Mrs Darrell, Miss Vivian Morris, Miss Lena Davis, Miss Bertha Myers, Miss Ella avls. Miss Gertie Nlchola, Miss Adren Davis. Mrs- Jennie - (2) gurphy, Mrs M E O'Dell, Miss Nina iinllnger, Prances Payne, Mrs Marietta Eaton, Mrs Gen Jos H Pattep, Mrs Erma 3ies, airs Dr O B Phillips. Mrs E S EanS. MIRK Clr-anr. Pfunder, Freda Farmer, Miss Rose Fields, Mrs L M Fisher, Mrs Helen Fowler. Miss Hazel iFord. Mrs M Ford, Miss Sstello Ramsey, Mrs Clara Reick, Mrs Minnie Rich. Mrs M A Richardson, Mrs A J Rockwood, Miss Rose Rhodes, Mrs Jennie -rrary, Mrs Maud bargent, Miss Eva bTlel. Miss Joaenhlno Saunders. Mrs T H Gatlert, Mrs Pv "Saunders, '-Miss Minnie Gieblsch. Mrs Ada Schott, Miss Lillian Gills, Mrs A M Shattuck. Mrs L A Gllten, M13S Gettle Shaw, Mrs L A Goodnough, Mrs Mary SIgler, Mrs Dr Good. Mrs 111, Miss Mabel Graham, Miss Vinnio Smith, Sue S Gray, Mrs B G Stlllwell. Mrs Lottie Ground, Mrs Mabel Steele, Mrs Alice (6) Hausafus, Miss Nellie Stevens. Miss H Hall Miss Opal Steward, Mrs Fannie Hall, Mrs Ed L Stowe, Mrs Hansen. Miss Bertha Stratton, Mrs Harvy. Miss Grace Swank. Mrs Ella Haskins, Mrs Emily Snyder, Mrs Jane Hicks, Miss MIHio Hill, Miss Nora Horan, Miss Howard, Mrs O O Tallman. Miss Elva Teel, Miss Annie Terry, Miss Ethel Thatcher, Mrs S L .tiurseu. Frankie Tite, Mrs c p Jacobson, Miss Louisa "Van Wyck. Alice Johnson. Mrs F T "Walters. Mrs G W Johnson, Mrs Daisy Johnson. Mrs Frieda Jones, Mrs N J Jones, Mrs Oscar Jones, Mrs W Kelso, Mrs S I King. Mrs Stanton Kinney, Mrs Lizzie Koerber, ' Mrs George Wallace, Mrs F Con stance Warren, Mrs Webb, Mrs Krlstlna Whilcet. Miss Rose Whiltemore, Mrs A . Wright, Mrs H W Young, Miss May MEN'S LIST. Alaska Gold Co., Sec McGerry,' J TV Allen, John A McLaughlin, Wilson Anderson, Martin McNamara, Wm F Armstrong. Charles R Maxwell, John J Ankers. W T Macrunu Mr Ayer, Jerome Mann, Clark B Beck, Rev Jos F S March, Sargeant Bennett. TV E Masher, H Berg, Nolls Biddle. Henry J Blackman & Good BostJick. H Broune, HE ' Brown, Mr Real Est Buckingham, Henry Burllngame, J N Burnett, A C (2) Burn, Lall Central Rcfinlnj? Co Cabler. Washington Carpenter, J( D Carr, Marons A Chambcrlln, Edgar Chamberlin, S TV Chambers, John Jr Church & Uwlsht Claridge, John H (2) Cohen, William Collnb, James Collins, F A Coopor, George Cornet, E F Cowen, Charles Dyckman. George Davl3. Henry Matlick. I N May, Charles Metcalf, James T MTller. John J Miller, William, care Scow Vigilant Montgomery, Jesse Moore, A H Morgan, Rt Rev Mlban Morris, D Russell Mulligan, Ben Davis Mumford, Ed t2) Mumford, Edward Myers, -Bro Caleb Meyers, Mr & Mrs M G Myers, W W Nesblt, Scott 'NIckerson, J H Nesblt. Hugh Nordstrom, C Olson, F N Oregon Flume & Lum ber Co Osborne, Charles P Owens, H J O'Neill. X S (2) O Keere, John Davis. Master Wilbert Palmer. T C Derr, Patrick Palace of Art Downing, Mr Parker, George W Dudrow. Richard Pattorson, BenJ R Ellison, J T Pettlt, George Ely, Charles Peterson, Frank Farrlngton, H I Pollock, John R Fercken. Rev J J PhD Price, Ross Fischer, Merlan Ramsey, C W Fisher, William Revere, Wlllard .Freeman, Rufus W Rice, Barney Grubbs. J TV Richardson, Thos M Grubbs, Jesse Gwlnn. G C Gwlnn, Robert Gwlnn. R F Gage, Ernest George, Ed Gilliam, R P Gilmore, Georga Graham. C M Greer, R T Griffin, Frank Hallen & English Hall, DA' Hancock, TV B Harlem, C A Hawloy, Louie Helland, Andrew Hendrlchson, M C Hill. Henry Hopkins, Robert M Holden, G R (2) Howarth, James F Hurlburt. William C Illge, F E Jahanson, Axel Judkin, Henry Juth, M Jackson, J Jenkins, O C Jones, Jack Jones & Ward Kendall, J J King. Mr La Blanche. Harry Lake. E Joll Lamb. E TV Lamson, H Lang, Emanuel Levins, Walter Larson, John J Levlne, H (2) Linn, W J' Loper, D TV Loid, Clarence Logan, Dr Roy Richards, Fred. R Roberts, John Romayn, Rex D Rohrer, Florentln Roblson, Andle Rogers, John B Rupe, R W Russell, William. Ryan, M E Schott. Frank Lee (2) Schulds, Charles Schramm, Carl Senterfltt, J F Sellwood, William Shny, John B Shlndler' & Co Smith, Charles S Smith, Mike (2) Smith, J E Sorenson. L C Speights. TV H (2) Stiles, Jobs Stanton, Ben Stanley Chnrlie (2) -Stover, Hugh C Strclb, Charles W Stratman, Alex Stringer Bros Swlggett. L V Swan. .Emery 8yi art, Henry Taylor. Henry S Thomas John Thompson, J HorDfl or P H Thompson, E Tlmmerman. Prpf F M Tllon, Jack Tilford, D Walter (2) Tyrrcl, Jesse Vaughn, ,W H Vpcchlo. Mike Wells, Lee Wessburg. J E (2) Wentz, H F Whltmarsh. J N i.oveiaco, a m Lyceum Theater, Mgr Wiggins, Dave McBrlde. Edd Wilcox. I C Mc Arthur. M-J McBrlde & Rane McCarty. Thomas McConnell, R L McCool. Thomas McCool. Master Thomas (2) McDultee, C S" McDald. H IcDaniel, Xevy McDonough, Martin Williams & Groat Mark Hoyt Bros Wilson, R Wllron, J M (2) Wilson & Ryan Wisdom, Robert Woodward, J A Wolf & Son Wood. George H Worth, A E Yates, George PACKAGES. Crelghton, Mrs J V McKlnstry, Mrs F C Cook.. Mrs J G Mumford, Edward Lyle. .Miss Loula Sorenson, Miss TV Lvons. Mrs W T, care Witmer, Miss Gertrude Dr Lyons A. B HROASMAN, P. M. Antiquity of Agriculture. The origin of agriculture Is lost In the mlsts of antiquity. "We know that In Neolithic" times in Europe eight kinds of cereals, were cultivated, besides flax, peas, popples, apples, pears, bullace plums,' etc., at the same time various animals were domesticated. Among, these were horses, short-horned pxpn, horned sheep, goats, two breeds of pigs and dogs. Professor TV. Boyd Dawkins says that evidence goes to show that these t animals were not domesticated In Europe, hut' probably in the central plateau 'of Asia He also thinks that agriculture arose in the south and east of Europe, and spread gradually to the center, north and west. A hunting population Is often very avers to even the slight amount of work that agriculture requires In a tropical country. The same' holds 'good, as a rule, for 'pas-' torjal communities. In all "cases a powefful constraint Is necessary to force these" peoples into un congenial employment. Fate Is stronger Downing, . Chicago Board of Trade" New York -Stock Exchange ' Room 4, Ground Floor BOTH TELEPHONES ' Pacific Coast Stea riiship Xd. -" . ' " .. For Nome Direct LAST, TRIP OF.THE SEASON WHMeave Seattle on or about October 2, 1900 N. POSTON,' Agent, 249 Washington St., Portland, Or. than will, and at various periods, in-different climes., hupters and herders have, been -forced to till the -soil. NO HOPE FOR THE SUICIDE. Self-ainrder Said ' to- Be Under No Conditions Justifiable. " r PORTLAND, Sept. 30 (To the Editor.) Two prominent Christian ministers' of Portland have recently glVen forth strange public utterances concerning the' future of the dead, as judged by 'the plainest declarations of 'the Bible, from which they have learned all they know touching the state' of man ; after ' death; One of these ministers teaches "Christian agnosticism," and thereupon bases his hope of, future happiness to one who up to the very hour of his death said, "I cannot oeaeve." xno otner minister, hold er in his assumption than the former, de clares that even the suicide, has hope in his death. I always speak the name of the dead softly, therefore personal refei- eucts is inuue in tnis communication . lor the purpose only of getting the"Tcase be fore the" reader 'Rev. A. A. Morrison, In 'hisjt u'neral ser mon of the unfortunate 'Otto Gr'eenhood, said: "It' is too generally 'believed that divine sympathy Is denied to" those' who take thelwllves by their own hads. Such a doctrine is monstrousand preposterous, and 'at entire variance with the teachings of Christ If one person is more entitled to divine sympathy than another, It ,1s the person who has been refused human 'sympathy and encouragement in this" world- and 'proved 'inadequate to the bat tle'of life." It is sufficient answer to this to say that Brother Morrison's Bible 'commands, "Thou shalt not kill." And again: . "No murderer hath eternal life abiding In him.", And surcly.no murderer hath more completely forfeited all claim to divine sympathy and dlvlrie life after death than the self-murderer. This dis cussion does not Involve, the case of, one who In a state ' of absolute insanity 'Had taken his own life, but of one, in. posses sion of the faculty of reason, and direct ing concerning his end as one who had carefully considered the results of tho un dertaking' In which he was about to en gage. Mr. Morrison .assumes that Mr. 'Greenhood had Jbeen, "refused human sympathy and encouragement in this world," whereas I.understa'nd his. friends were careful to provide for him a, way of self-support, and The Oregonlan, .of this, city, is authority for the statement that at one time in his life the late J. 7. jtfackay gave him ,a "tip by. which "he made $200,000." Surely, then, Mf. GreoV hood had both ."human sympathy and en couragement," and,, to a degree seldom"' experiehcedr In this world. But divine pardon .and divine 'acceptance .areaiot conditioned on man's poverty and lack of human sympathy, but on one's own rer" sonal relation to the one and only re quirement of divine justice, love and par don, "repentance toward God and faith 'toward our Lord Jesus Christ." But what Is perhaps of more conse quence still,' the doctrine of Mr. Morrison, If believed, and acted upon'j would 'encour age suicide,. forit certainly places-a' pre mium upon self-murder. And coming from a Christian minister It would foster .the suicidal, spirit to a far greater 'and more general extent than If proclaimed' by an Infidel, and yet behold the harvest of suicides that followed, a few years ago, the blasphemous teaching of the world's great agnostic, Robert G. Inger- soll, who. taught as one of his "cardinal tenets that -man might take'hls own Hfo with Impunity. Rev. Edgar P. Hill, to give eppourage ment to his theory that the late Jojm Wil son had been received of the Father, al though In the later years of his life h had drifted farther and farther from the beliefs and practices of his childhood and of his "riper years; said at his funeral: "He knew, no doubt, that he was stand ing on tho threshold of the, unknown world, and it may be that even then out of .the haze there were shining the dear' rays of the Sun of Righteousness. And let us trust that now, face to face with Him in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, he Is having ex plained these great questions 'which for so many years he loved to think about." And this exhortation, too, comes right on the heel of the following admission from the preacher's lips: "He talked of religion, but as the years went by and he began to investigate and his thoughts were led this way and that on these great subjects, he often found himself getting away from many things which In child hood had been accepted without ques tion." But Christ says:1 "If any man will do hig will he shall know of the doctrine wheth er It be of God." No place or room' here for doubt, and no "getting away" from the truth, which is the word of God. And again: "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God that giveth' to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and It shall be given him." Millenniums ago Job said: "I know that my Redeemer llveth," and 19 centuries past" Paul de clares, "1 know whom I have believed." And millions slnco have voiceo?'the same sentiments living, and in death there was no dismay, no "haze" around tho' bed side nor in the room of the dying, trust ful" saint. "Whori John "Wesley, who In tho providence of God became the spirit ual progenitor of the mightiest and most numerous class' of 'Christians on 'earth," pressed his dying pillow, he said: "The best of alibis, God is with us." And .the basfs of Christian hope among all the mil lions of his followers has ever; been tho same: .Justification -by faith and the witness of. the spirit. And when John Knox, tho Presbyterian, and mighty man of God, in tho strenuous exercise of a faith that caught a glimpse of the glory-' crowned splendors of the Inner sanctuary, pried out, rtGlve me Scotland, or I -die," he never for a moment entertained the thought that as the years went .by his spiritual children should get ."farther and farther away" from the simplicity of their first belief to enter the "haze" in death, but that their "path should be as a light shining more anil more unto tho perfect day." & "WV BARBEE. 0 Contract, for n, Blgr Dam. - CLINTON, Mass., Sept,- 30. McArthur MANHOOD RESTORED"?!1;: ble Vltallxjr, the prescription of a famous French physician, will quickly oureyou of all nervous or dlaeaeafof-Tao'1 generative organs, such as Lost .Manhood, Insomnia, Falsa ii the BacJCfSernlnal-Emiiiaions, Jf erro us Debility, Plznples, .UnOtncn? to Marry, Exhausting . Drains, varicocele and Conntlpailon. It stops all losses by day op night. Prevents quiokness of discharge,' 'which if not checked leads to Bper- matorrhoea. anS all tha harrara nt lmnntnrv. HTIPTnRWl?. rlnuitm th . ! liver, tho kidneys and tho urinary organs of all Impurities. CUPLOKJVK strengthens and ro Btorea. small weak organs. , - ' , the reason tufferers are not cured by Doctors i" because '00 'por cent' are 'troubled with ' Frontalis. CUFIDBNE the only 'known "remedy to cure without an operation. 5000 testi monials. -A "mitten guarantee given, and money returned If 0 boxes does not effect a per manent euro. SI. 00. a boxO for SSiOO. by mall Send for THEE circular and testimonial. . Address DAVOL MEDICINE CO., P. O. Box 2070. San Francisco. Cal. For sale by Aldrlch Pharmacy, Sixth and Washington strata, Portland, Or. nopkins & Lo. BROKERS Chamber of Commerce ttJ The .Nfcw and Elegant Steamship Bros., "Winston & -Sooher, of Chicago, have been awarded In Boston the con tract for building the "Wachusett dam by the Metropolitan "Water Board, the speci fied price, which was the lowest In the list of bidders, being $1,C03,635. The dam, .which-iwill be one of the largest In the coxintry, Is planned to be 1S0O feet long and 200 feet high, and is to hold In check the water 'of the Nashua River, which 'supplies .the metropolitan district. The backwater will form a lake some six miles In 'length. AT THE HOTELS. , w -THE PORTLAND. "Walter Von Cliff, N T A J ystpn. Cleveland Jacob Stearns, Chgo Hy Hallane & vr, Bos ton Lyric Opera Co Josephine Stanton, do Miss Gertrudo Page, do F E 'Zomer, ' do F E Carman. Aberdn' TV B Brown, City Mrs J F Ross, Astoria I K Levy, do Harry E Lewis. San F P H Jacobovles, S F R IV Rupe. San-F vH3. a. xayior, .aigr thp "Opluiri King" I Lauretto Coonoy, the ! "flnlllrtl-TTInf." ODlum-KIntr' H E. Smith & w, N T Miss Mundy, do Miss Freed,' San F Mrs Adolph TJhl, Oak- iuna H B Kennedy & w, Seattle . It S Johnston. N T R Vaeth & w, Tacoma J "W Hoean. N Y A F Dudley, New Y T H Sanborn, Astoria-' W G Swalwell, Everett S H Jordan. do Don Campbell, Fort . "Worth. Tex "W H Valjans, Seattle o Ki -rnompson. at e T H Speddy. San F A'Stoddort, St Paul .F W Sterling & w, Toronto 'Emll. Mayer, New Y RN Nason...San F Geo Turrejl. San F Martin H Well, Now Y W J Stocker, England Wm EHery, Boston Geo E Stevens, Rochester, N Y A D Short. Soattle Columbia River Scenery. Regulator Line steamers, from Oak street dock dally, except Sunday, 7 o'clock A.. M; .The DallcM. Hood River, Cas cade Locks and return. Call on, or 'fono t Agent for further Information. .. ,. . .THE PERKINS. ,E Hofer, , Salem F Lennon, Seattle C Clat. San' F F L Wooster, do A' J InKalltf. "OakltLnd O L Trott, Farso Oreo Crow, Fresno W E Wahler, San F J S Whltehousp Xnmn JN J Redpath, Olympla H C Lubonow, Alame- v- .n.weii. son jeran W L Harrison & w. Seattle N H Smith, Seattle W J Patterson. Ala meda G W McLaughlin, Buena Vista Wm R McFarlnnil aa, ual G E Brashear, Astoria F Edwards, do M AV .Elunston. do F C Norton. rir." G E TlnkorLong Bch j xv lampDeii, Or Ct .Geoi Hancock. Om.ihn. J Wilson, 'La Grande ) . Denver i iu ,.oopengarner, , Oregon City J "M Gormony & vr) H S McGowan. Astoria A N Wheeler. do (Mrs R Baldwin, S F IThns T.lnn & ai 3 r , "jjuvenporr. wasn rtr x. i-ii, . -i. z: " " v- -WI i.jru",er u- '-'J" v onertorth & w. J T Allen, Dayton, W Antelqpo ' 5f yPr- Lyle ' Mrs M p Bennett, O H Fllhran & w. do Corvallls F-Gundolnh. San T? IR T Tin Ttntc nit W E Reynolds, Oaklnd Fred Kruse, New Y Frank Wrim? rhl.nun'Hom- lTonn.hl.. nu EdwIn Sharpe, Tacoma C"F Knowles, Mlchlgn -J, E tKnowles, do L D Saeas. Seattle 7JV D .Kimball, MI1 'WVkee,, Wis -" -,, ' W.l..,l,,Ui,.A. . i .uuiaiiuc, i liu Dalles Thos Calkin. Hood R Thos H Llebe. The D S E Frost. Omaha F N Comm, (Memphis A V Batchan, Hood R THE IMPERIAL. ' C. W. Knowles, Manager, E C Huehes, Astoria J H Davids; Borden, Ind H J Gregg; Wenatchoe P B Taylor, do airs Oeer. Salem 'Chas.W Richard. Seat H, G Smith. St Loula JVP Taylor, Zanesville P X 'Stokes, Astoria u t .Leavenworth,. Olympla u v Linton, do F-P Kendall; do F K Lovell. Salem C F Lansing,- do Miss Millie Lansings do F W Conser. Washngtn .T f ITS 1 1 1 rv rv?AKfrv Leon Cohn, Pendleton J 'JHumlnfr,' Suinpter E Mayer, New Y.ork, J "W Lawa. Astoria AIlco Phoenix, Boston Lyric- Co Maria Lislo. do iMIss Estelle Fuller, jLTinnei t R B Fleming, Salem A G Devers. Seattle K(Spencer & Son, Seat in a r uuer, uu T Webster; San F H. E Xreverldge, Seat G H Drimheller,' Ast A D Taylor. The Dll? u TaDer. uranito IE C Sanderson, Eugeno O O Benson, City IS P Wiggins. do j wwarricK, uuy u Hansen, Astoria C H Sommero, Vancvr ' ST. CHARLES. Mrs. R p Anderson. peo Clayton, Wsconsi Seattle Louis Morrell, do Miss M Andorson. do i "iV.1?80"' do Miss 'H.Anderson. dolS 1Ine do Margarett Qrimth, do ? Alton, do Ola McLeod. TCnlnmn j iu iiccves, iornenus Louis Baldwin, Hd R Thos Downing, Pomry Thos Sims, Salem Jas L Chalker. Grshm R S Armes, Woodburn Mrs Etta Hunter, do Mnr Bozarth, Hd Rvr I Carter. C.tv j msner, do N Merrill, 'Clatskanlo Rev E B Lockhard. DHIey Ed Hucrhes. "rmiov L E Haggard, Eugene Wln Thompson. Rainier u uunuson, do H A, Lamb, RldgefltUd H Grpsch. do Peter -Mlekle, Wdbrn Mrs M C Young, V11 sonvllle John Anderson, Ast Geo Martin, do Dan Duffy. do F R Day, Seattle A B Day, ao L Koffer, Woodburn T C Clark, do Mrs Clark. do Ruben .Sanders. do R S Armes, Union ' Anna Left. do Clyde Jones, da G Green, f Oak Grove O E-Olsen, do J Nelson. do E M M;cClure, Forest Grove ' W H McClure, do S B Cottom, Salem E J Collins, Tho DUs R P Plummer, Stalk- ford.Ia ' iu Perkins & w. Gold Butte, Mont J B Ycon, Cathlamet. S G Ross, Nehalem T V Larson. iln W G Rhude, Gray's R F M Landes. do M D Harrington, do Edw Llttlopago. Powell's Valley Jos Barbow. Scholls H Fraser, do Ed Hushes & w, Ilnaco C E Wolf, Cornelius S E Kuhn, do A Jones. City J A Ljnch & vr, La Grande Mrs R P Plummer, do A H Wiley, San F J A Brttts. San F W H Holman, Garfield Mrs W H Holman, dp C Chapman. Nome J C Martin, do Jessie George, do L T Georse, do M Sanders, do F J Summers & vr, Seattle G P Haferty, Warren ton. Or tt nimick." Astoria Mr & Mrs J Smith, do W J Hankins. uuy Ed Close, Tacoma H Calvin, " do W H Spring, Heppnr A T Lamerlck. City O M Dougherty. City W X Butler, Wallace Senator E B Dufur, Tho D'alles W T Ruckcr. City F E Thompson, City j W Clement. City E Mobdy, City Jno IConedy, Tyoma T J Polland. Seattle J P Wlndol & w, do H" Johnson, do H G Dedman, M D, canny Cant O Galbreath. do N A Micharel & w. Stella L F Peters, Carlton E J McLane, Hoquiam E Prlnzel, do Harry May, do Hotel BrnTViclc. Seattle. Knroncarif flrs't class. Rates, "tic and up. Ons block from- depot. Restaurant next door. ,Taconia Hotel. Tacoma. , American plan.' Rates; ?3 and up. Donnelly Hotel. Tacoma. European plan. Rates. 50c and up. ra9 wH fk No Cure , lUEUNoPay THE 'MODERN APPLIANCE A posltlro wn.v to .Derfect manhood. The VACUUM TREATMENT CURES you Without medicine ot ' all nervous or diseases cf the generative or gans, suoh.os lost manhood, exhaustive drains, varicocele, tmpotency. etc. Men are quickly re stored to perfect health and strength. Writ for circulars. Correspondence confidential. THE HEALTH APPLIANCD CO.. rooms 47-41 Safe JDeposlt building. Seattle. Wash. TRAVELERS' GUIDE. Union Depot, Sixth ad J Streets. THREE TRAINS DAILY FOR ALL POINTS EAST "CHICAGO-PORTLAND SPECIAL." Leaves for the East, via Huntington, at 9:00 A. M.; arrives at 4:30 P. M. SPOKANE FLYER, For SpoTcane. Eastern 'Washington, and Great Northern points, leaves at OP. M.; arrives at 7 A. M. ATLANTIC EXPRESS. Leaves for the East, via Huntington, at 9:00 P. M.; arrives at 8:40 A. M. THROUGH PULLMAN AND TOURIST , , r SLEEPERS. OCEAN AND RIVER. SCHEDULE. , Water lines schedule, subject to change with out not I co. OCEAN DIVISION Steamships sail from Alnsworth Dock at 8 P. M. Leave Portland State of California, Tuesday. Sept. 4; Friday. Sept. 14; Monday, Sept. 24: Thursday, Oct. 4; Sunday, Oct. 14. Columbia. Sunday, Sept. 1): Wednesday, Sept. 19: Saturday. Sept. 29; Tues dayr Oct. 9. From San Francisco Leaving Spear-Street Pier No. 24. San Francisco, at 11 A. M., a3 follows: Columbia. Wednesday, Sept. 5: Sat urday, Sept. 15; Tuesday. Sept. 25: Friday, Oct. 5: Monday. Oct. 15. State ot California, Monday. Sept. 10; Thursday, Sept. 20; Sunday. Sept. 30; Wednesday. Oct. 10. COLUMBIA RIVER DIVISION. PORTLAND AND ASTORIA. Steamer Hassalo leaves Portland daily, ex cept Sunday, at 8.00 P. M., on Saturday at 10:00 P. M. Returning, leaves Astoria daily, except Sunday, at 7:00 A. M. 'WILLAMETTE RIVER DIVISION. PORTLAND AND SALEM, OR. Owlnc to the low water In the Willamette the boats ore unable to ascend further than the mouth of the Yamhill. For schedulo set below: YAMHILL RIVER ROUTE. PORTLAND AND DAYTON. OR. Steamer Ruth, for Oregon City, Buttcvllle, Champoeg. Da ton and way "landings, leaves Portland Tuesdays. Thursdays and Saturdays at 7.00 A. M. Leaves Dayton for Portland and way points Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 6:00 A. M. SNAKE RIVER ROUTE. RIPARIA.WASH.. AND LEWISTON. nAHO. Steamer Lewlston leaves Rlparia Sept. 1 and every other day at 3:40 A. M. Tor Lewlston. Returning, leaves Lewlston Sept. 2 and every other-day at 7:00 A- M.. arriving at Rlparia same evening. W. H. HURLBURT. General Passemjer Agent. V. A. SCHILLING, City Ticket Agent. Telephone Main 712. 80 Third st., cor. Oak. NewSteamsliipLmetotheOrient CHINA AND JAPAN. FROM PORTLAND. In connection with THE OREGON RAILROAD & NAVIGATION CO. Schedule. 1900 (subject to change): Steamer. Due to leave Portland. "MONMOUTHSHIRE" Sept. 9 "BRAEMAR" Sept. 30 For rates, accommodations, etc., apply to DODWELL & COMPANY, Llmltod. General Agents, Portland. Or. To principal points In Japan and China. POSS5BLY YOU ARE WOT AWARE OF THE FAST TBME AND SUPERB SERVICE Now offered by th S PlCTOrtt WE HAVE DAILY FAST TRAINS TO THE EAST 2 If you cannot take the morning train, travel via the evening train. Both ara finely equipped. "Our Specialties" Fast Time Through Service PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPERS PULLMAN TOURIST SLEEPERS. PULLMAN DINERS. LIBRARY (CAFE) CAR AND FREE RECLINING CHAIR CARS. Hours In Time Saved to Omaha, Chicago, Kansas CttTt St. Louis, xicw York, Boston, And Other Enstero Points. Tickets good via Salt Lako City and Denver. It Is to your Interest to use THE OVER LAND ROUTE. Tickets and sleeping-car berths can be secured from GEO. LANG. City Pass, and Ticket Agent. J. H. LOTHROP. General Agent. 135 Third St.. Portland. Or. Ocean to Ocean Vlo THE IMPERIAL LIMITED Grand Scenery. Fast Time. Model Accommodation. Tourist and First-Class Sleeping Carx BOSTON MONTREAL TORONTO OTTAWA ST. PAUL For full particulars apply to H. H. ABBOTT. Agent. 140 Third street. Portland. Or. E. J. COTLE. Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, Vancouver. B. C REATWORTHEBN Ticket OWce, 263 Msrrtssa Strerf, 'PhjuiSJ) . tram 3L Paul. Mlnno- AKRIVE No. polU, Duluth. Chlcaxt- No. 8. 6:00 P. M. I nl nil polnu ZmL I 7:oti A JI Through Falacs and Tourist dleeperJ, Dlnlna and Buffet Smoking-Llbrary Cora. JAPAN - AMERICAN LINE STEAMSHIP RIOJUM MARU For Japan, China and all Asiatic points wit leave Beattlo About October 10th Astoria & Columbia River Railroad Co. LEAVES UNION DEPOT. For Uaygars. Italnltr. Clatskanle. Wutport; Clifton. Astoria. War reaton. Flarel, Ham mond. Fort SUrenj, Garhart Park. Seaside. Astoria and Seashore , Express. Dally. Astoria Express, Dally. j ARRIVES DEPOT. 11:10A. II 0:35 P.M. 9:40 P. M. Ticket offlee. 23fl Morrison it. and Union dtpot. J. C 1LVTO. Gn. Pass. Ait.. Astoria, Or. " 100 HOURS' 10 TRAVELERS GUIDE. fast mm SOUTH W Leave Depot Fifth and Arrive I Street. OVERLAND EX PRESS TRAINS, for Salem. Rose bur?. Ashland. Sac ramento. Ogden. San Francisco. Mo Jave. Los Angeles El Paso. New Or leans and tho East. At Woodburn Wally except Sun day). morning1 train connects with train for Mt. AnpreL Sll verton. Browns ville. Springfield, and Natron, and e-veninjr train for Mt. Angal and Sll verton. Albany passenger Corvallls passenger. Sheridan paa'gr 3:30 P. 21. 3:30 A.M. 7:45 A.M. 0:30 P. M.' 4:C0 P. Ml 117:30 A. M. 114:50 P. M. 10:10 A. M. H5:50 P. BL. tS:25A,M. Dally. llEolly except Sunday. Rebate tickets on salo between Portland.. Sac ramento and San Francisco. Net rates $17 first clast and $11 second class, Including sleeper. Rate and tickets to Eastern points and Eu rope. Also JAPAN. CHINA. HONOLULU and AUSTRALIA. Can bo obtained from J. B. KIRKLAND. Ticket Agent. 140 Third itreet. TAMHILL DIVISION. Passenger Depot, foot of Jefferson street. Leavo for Oswego daily at 7 -20. 9:40 A. M.' 12:30. 1:55. 3:23. 4:40. 0:23, 8 30. ll;30 P. 31.: and 0:00 A. M on Sundays only. Arrive at Portland dally at C35. S 30. 10 BO A. M : 1:35. 3:10. 4.30. 0:15. 7:40. 10.00 P il.: 12 40 A. M. dally, except Monday, 8.30 and 10:05-A. M. on Sundays only. Leave for Dallas dalty except Sunday, at 5.05 P. M. Arrive at Portland at 0.30 A. M. Passenger train leaves Dallas for Alrllo Mon days. "Wednesdays and Fridays at 2:45. P. M. Returns Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Except Sunday. R. KOEHLER. Manager. C. Jf. MARKKAS!, Gen. Frt. & Pasa. Ast. DOUBLE DAILY TBAIjr .SERVICE. The Pioneer Dlnln&r and Observation Car Ronte. Union Depot, 6ta and JSti No. 2 2 P.M. North Coast Limited. For- Tacoma. Seattlev No. 1 7 A.M. North Yakima. Jpo- Kane. Pullman. Mos cow. Lewlston, Rosa- land. B. C, Butta. Helena.. St. Paul. Min neapolis. Chicago. Bos ton, New York and all points Cast ana south east. Twin City Express, for No. 4 11:30 P. M. Wo. 3 8P.it Tacoma. beattlo. Spo kane. Helena. Butte, St. Paul. Chicago. Boa ton. New York. Omaha, Kansas City. Council Bluffs. St. Louis, and all points c&sc and southeast. Through train service via Northern Paclflo and Burlington line from Portland to Omaha, Kansas City. St. Louis. Quick time and un equaled accommodations. TAko North Coast Limited Train No. 2 tor South Bend. Olympla and Qraya Harboc points. Seo tho North Coant Limited. Elegant Up holstered Tourist Sleeptns Cars. Pullman Standard Sleepers. Dining Car and Observa tion Cor. all electric lighted. Solid vestibular trains. Tlcketn sold to all points in the United States and Cannda. and bagiraga checkod to destination of tickets. For information. l-fcctsv sleoplns-car rwex vatlona. etc.. call on or wrlta A. D. CHARLTON Assistant General Passenger Aarent, 235 MorriHon St.. Cor. Tnlrd. Portland, Oregon. Colorado In September, September Is tif ploasanteat month In tho Color k year. Thu days are bright, but not enervating'. Tho nights axe cooL The mountains look their grandest. Best o all. tho Summer's rush la over and the hotels at Glenwood. Colorado Springs. Manltou and Denver aro not overcrowded. Good Idea to vary things, and. go h East thro Colorado. You'U en joy" It specially the 40-mHe-an-hour ride on thi Burlington's Chicago Special. Only ono night on tho road. Denver to Chicago and St. Louis. TICKET OFFICE Cor.. Third and Stark Sti. R. "WV FOSTER, City Ticket Agent. Pacific Coast Steamship Co. FOR ALASKA. THE COMPANY'S elegant steamships Cottage City, City of Topeka and Al-Kl leavo TACOMA 11 A. M., SEATTLB 0 P. M.. Oct. 2. 7. 12. 17r 22. 27t Nov. 1. 0. 11. 1. 21. 2tt; Dec. 1. and every fifth day thereafter. Further Informa tion obtain company's foldor. The company reserves the right to chango steamers, sailing dates and hours of sailing:, without previous notice. AGENTS N. POSTON. 240 Washlnston st.. Portland. Or . F W CAHLETON. N. P. R. R. Dock. Tacoma. TICKET OFFICE. 018 First ave., Seattle. E. W. MELSE. Ticket Agt.: H H. LLOSTD. Puset Sound Supt.. Ocean Dock. Seattle; C. W MILLER. Asst Pugot Sound Supt., Ocean Dock. Seattle. OOou .LL. FEKK1NS & CO . Gen. Agts.. S. F. Limited Express Service TO ALASKA - Afaska 5. S. Co. Str. "Dolphin" Leaves Seattle Sept. 20, 12 P. M.f and Every 30 Duys Thereafter. Steamers Dlrlgo and Farallom. sail week ly. For Information, etc. apply to J. L. HARTMAN & CO.. Agents, Chamber of Commerce. WHITE COLLAR LINE BAILET GATZERT (Alder-street Dock) Leaves Portland dally every morning at 7 o clock, except Sunday. Returning, leaves As toria every ntght at 7 o'clock except Sunday. Oregon phono Main 351. Columbia phono 431 tgjggyg3j5g tlllT