JHE MQBNING QEEGOKIAl?y MQIfPAY, SEPTEMBEB IT,. 1900. HOW CANYON GOT NAME FBJfATOR, XBPT BY HIS HORSE, PERISHED OS "DESERT." Stroaj; AHaOt Spring: 0ere We Re lief to the Thirsty Traveler 'PromiBcat aadaarICB. PAISLEY, Oru. Sept. It All over what 1b known as the "desert" of Southern and F,astcra. Oregon are noted landmarks fa miliar to the traveler and Inhabitant of this region. These landmarks occupy po sitions usually at convenient distances apart and between them are half-day's or day's travel. Starting out from Lake view north there Is Crooked Creek, Chew ancan, Abert Lake, Alkali, Sutton's or JBgU's, Silver Creek Valley, Sagehen and Burns. Or in traveling any other direc tion from any other point familiar land marks and stations lie along the route, and these must be taken Into considera tion In starting out every morning and afternoon that the traveler may reach Gbelter and water and food at the proper time, or near the proper time. Tha greatest landmark of Eastern Ore gon is Steins' Mountain, situated in Har ney and Malheur bounties. This moun tain Is snow-capped the year round, and can be seen from almost any point on the Oregon "desert." Then there .Is Juni per Mountain, Little Juniper, Wagontlre, Gray Butte, and dozens of other peaks end buttes of note. There are many Juni per peaks and many Paulina peaks. There are numerous points and landmarks all over the "desert" of similar names. This is doubtless caused from similarity of the landmarks. There are many alkali lakes, many peaks covered with a small juniper growth and many, rivers that boll from the rocks and again lose themselves in the sands. Thero are as a consequence many "Jost creeks" and "lost rivers." The old renegade chief, Paulina, operated all over this section of country, and there Are many Paulina Buttes and Paulina Basins. Ail of the old forts and camps are points of Interest, and are down as important landmarks on the "desert." At all of these points and hundreds of oth ers of lesser note water -and fuel and clock feed is generally plentiful, and the traveler must of necessity make them at the proper intervals on his journey. One of the most noted of the landmarks of Lake County is "Venator Canyon, 40 miles a little north of east from Pals ley. Eight or ten miles from Alkali Lake, leading out of the valley in which this lake is situated, is a deep canyon cutting through the vein-rocks between Gray Butte and Little Juniper Mountain. Al though a wide wagon road leads along .this valley now and well-defined trails lead through every valley 'and gulch and canyon of the desert, 20 years ago It was practically an unmarked, barren waste. At that time the watering places and land marks were unknown, and the traveler might have traveled hundreds of miles and missed all of the watering and feeding places and fallen by the wayside and died from thirst and starvation, as did the old man for "whom Venator Canyon was named. In the month of August, 18S0, Jezreal Venator left Lakeview with a party bound for Harney County. He was on horseback, and Intended to accompany the party to the neighborhood of Juniper Mountain, and there search for some horses that had strayed away from their usual range. At Crooked Creek, 13 miles north from Lakeview, the party was de layed for some reason, and Mr. Venator, becoming Impatient, proceeded alone. Nine or ten days afterwards" some"4 stockmen. In passing through that section, found the horse which Mr. Venator had rid den feeding In the valley near Alkali Lake. He had a small rope on his neck, which indicated that -the animal had broken loose after being tied by the owner. "Upon making this report in Lakeview, searching parties were sent out and con tinuous search was made until the body of the lost man was found within two miles of MkaTl Spring, and several miles from the mouth, of the canyon, which now bears his name. This spring is a fountain of water that gushes forth from the earth in a large stream and loses itself in the alkali Jake near by, which is too highly impregnated with mineral substances for any living thing to drink. The dead man had, upon lying down for the last time, -taken off one of his boots and placed it under his head, while the other remained on his foot. He still clenched a pocket-knife In his hand, and had been digging holes in the alkali sands as if searching for water. His trail was found and followed and it led to the mouth of thte canyon. Along the entire trail, at intervals, he had dug in the sands with his knife and had also kindled small fires with the sage brush. These fires were supposed to have been made either to signal aid at the time or to mark his trail that he might be found. He was getting old when he loft home, but was in good health and a splendid horseman, and it was thought that he knew every foot of the desert His saddle, overcoat, bridle and blanket were never found. He was supposed o have carried considerable money on his person, but when found only had S30 or $40 with him. Stories of Indians and foul play have been told, but the most probable theory seems to be that when tired and exhaust ed he tied his horse somewhere and lay down to sleep; that the horse, becoming hungry and thirsty, broke the rope and escaped to water; that the old man wan dered about the desert and entered the canyon that now bears his name, and finding no water, started on his return toward home, leaving a trail behind him that he might be found, and that finally he succumbed to thirst and hunger where found. At that season of the year there was no water in Venator Canyon, and be sides the water boiling from Alkali Springs, there was no water for many miles in any direction. Riding through the plain at this point now on a well-traveled road the traveler can readily see how old man Venator lost his way when there was no semblance of a tralL Tall, irregular rlmrocks bound the great scope of country, barren except for the low, stubby sagebrush and wiregrass that cover it. Venator Canyon is the only outlet for miles, and this resembles the many blind nicks in the walls that sur round the traveler. It is one of the bleak est scopes of country on the Oregon "des ert" But Venator Canyon is one of the fixed landmarks of the country, although the sacrifice to make the name was a sad one. Jezroal Venator was born in the State of Illinois. He crossed the plains in 18S3, and had the -usual hardships experienced in those days. His family, consisting of a wife and seven children, now reside five miles south from Lakeview. and prominent among the people of Lake and Hamey Counties. They own large ranches in both counties and are considered among the wealthy stockowners of this section. John Venator, the youngest son, Jn rid ing from, one of the Venator ranches in Harney County to the Venator home, in Lake, a few weeks ago, on his return from a law school, traveled nearly 100 miles a day, the last half-day covering E2 miles, on the same horse that he had started out on. As an incident of the trip, he passed the mouth of Venator Canyon, and near the spot where his fa ther was found dead just 20 years ago. 3TOW FOR MODERN SEWERAGE. Baker City to Follow TJp Her Munic ipal Improvement. BAKER CITY, Or Sept. 15. A modern sewerage system, entailing a cost of about $30,000. will be built in six of the principal streets of Baker City as soon as the gravity water system is constructed. The streets on which It is proposed to lay tho system are Resort, Front First, Second, Third and Fourth. This .im provement has been discussed in an in formal way by the'City Counclhnen and property-owners for several months, and all agree that a good sewerage system in .the streets named is of the .utmost importance. Some preliminary work has already been done by Engineer Kelly, who sur veyed the route of the 'pipe line for the water system, and a -map has been pre pared, showing the extent of the system and the cress-streets that will be drained by the laterals. The system will commence at the intersection of the streets and the O. R. & -N. Railroad at the eastern part of the dry, and on the west the main drainage will empty into Powder River about a mile distant from D street, which is the last street in that part of town. The pipe selected ranges in size from six to 12 Inches, and is of vitrified terra cotta, this being considered the most durable and cheapest of any of the pipes used in sewerage construction. The main is to be laid along Front street, and will be 12 inches in size, while the size of the pipe to be used on trie other streets will vary as necessity demands. This will drain the principal and most thickly-settled portion of tho city, and will consti tute a sewerage system entirely ade quate for all present purposes. Residents owning abutting property from D street to where the main sewer will empty Into, the river, about a mile In length, under the present arrange ment must be charged with the cost of the work, the same as the property owners on the streets through which the system will be laid. This Is considered unfair, and Is a matter of much concern to the City Council, as the benefits de rived from a sewerage system in that locality will be very "small. Some of tho taxpayers and Councllmen are In favor of levying the cost of, the work on the city, but there is no provision In the charter by which this can be done. To remedy the matter, It is probable that the Council will appoint commissioners to assess property according to its value, so that each shall pay a pro rata share towards the improvement. In this way property-owners residing outsldo of D street, and also along some of tho other streets through which the system will run, and where property varies In value, would be relieved of a burdensome tax. There is considerable Improvement go ing on In Baker City, and building has been continually kept up since early last Spring. The result is that many new and. handsome 'residences and business houses adorn all narts of the eitw Db- slrable residences are in great demand, and as soon as they are out of the build ers' hands they are occupied by new comers. From tho present outlook, It Is probable that tho erection of cottages, as well as business buildings, will continue during tho -Winter, or as long as the weather will permit work of this kind. Commissioner Hamm says that he has built 10 miles of sidewalk since May. Two thousand feet of sidewalk Is now being built on Washington street to con nect with the new school building on the East Side. In addition to this, much needed repairing has been done in dif ferent part3 of the city. BURGLAR SHOT DEAD. Policeman Cangrht Hira in tlie Act Pitched Battle Ensned. SEATTLE, Sept 16.-Edward Morse, formerly of Redyard, Minn., who had Just returned from Nome, was shot and in stantly killed early this morning by Po liceman Fred A. Rlbbach. RILbach found Morse and two companions attempting to commit burglary in the Whitechapel dis trict, and attempted to arrest them. A pitched battle with revolvers ensued, 20 shots being flredL Harry Austin, one of the burglars, was wcunded in the aim while fleeing from the scene. Morse was 37 years of age, and had been a shingle weaver befcre coming to this Coast, la3t February. Washington Industries. The Kittitas creamery is receiving 6000 pounds of milk a day. The old tannery at Montesano Is about to be rehabilitated and operated. The work on the flume of the Olympla Light & Power Company, at Tumwater, is progressing favorably. The grading is well along toward completion, and the flume has been constructed to a point about"60 feet south of the bridge.' The oat harvest throughout the Chehalls Valley has been completed, and the yield for 1900 is said to be much larger than at any time In the history of the county. The yield in. many Instances has been 1C0 bushels to the acre,.:jnd the average has oeen aboutSOr Tho sections producing the greatest yield are between Montesano and Satsop, oii the broad, fertile bottoms. It is probable a number of the smaller shingle and lumber mills will close down within SO days for varying periods, says the Tacoma Ledger. There will be no con certed movement, but a number of mills have determined that they w 11 not at tempt to, run continuously through the Winter under present conditions. Home of the loggers will. also suspend opera tions temporarily. The effecfon the mar ket from these causes is expected to be beneficial. In view of the recent cut in the price ot saw logs, a number of prominent Aber deen loggers are seriously discussing the question of shipping logs from Gray's Harbor to Puget Sound., On., the Sound logs are bringing $7, and are largely sought by the mills at that figure. Tha Northern Pacific Railroad Company has offered to carry saw logs from the harbor to the Sound at a flat rate of $1 per 1000, provided that the shipment would not bo below 200,000 feet per day. This would bring $1 per 1000 more profit than at the Gray's Harbor market THREE HAPPY DRIVERS. They Created Mnch Fan and Some Terror on the Street. Joe Trast, the driver of one of Nickum & Kelly's sand-wagons, created more ex cltement on Third street Saturday than a whole circus. Three teams had been sent to the northwest part of town with loads of sand and were returning. The man who drove the r-wagon In the lead was in his right mind. The man who drove the second team was "paralyzed" with liquor, and his team, being left to their own devices, followed tho first Trast, who drove tho third team, acted as if hung on a "live wire." He could not stand up nor. sit down, nor even He on tho bottom of the wagon, but kept trying to fall overboard without, ever' succeeding, and was shouting like a Comanche on the warpath. His team was so worried by his antics that they were ready to run away, and were all over the street, and only the standing luck of a drunken man saved him from running over everybody and wrecking and devastating every vehicle on the street" Trast was the cynosure of eyesr and the thing that worried all spectators was that the drivers"iof the other -vehicles paid no attention to him, but al lowed him to "wander at will o'er the meadows," as it were. He was watched out of sight and a hundred or more persons followed the team to the sand dock to see what become of the drivers. They were slated for dismissal at once. It is supposed that they fell Into a brewery. vat and were not rescued until unconscious and had not regained con sciousness when they started for the wharf. They are probably both sober and sorry by this time. Increase In Price of Walnuts. LOS ANGELES. Cal.. Sept 16. The price of this season's walnut crop will be 10 cents per pound for sof tshell and 9V6 cents for standards, these figures having been established at a meeting of the ex ecutive committee of the Southern Cali fornia Walnut Growers' Association. Tills Is a big Increase, last year's prices hav ing been $815 and' $7 65 -per 100 pounds for the two grades. WELFARE OF NATION (Continued from First P&gfe) with a territory-in- the aggregate as large as that of the Philippines, the Constitu tion has never yet "followed the flag"; the Army officer and the civilian agent still exercise authority without asking the "consent of the governed." We must proceed in the Philippines with the same wise caution, taking each successive step as it becomes desirable and accommodat ing the. details of our .policy to .the pe culiar needs of the situation. But as soon as the present revolt. Is put down and order established It will undoubtedly be possible to give the islands a larger measure of self-government than Jeffer son originally gave Louisiana. Florida 'and the Seinlnolea. The next great step in expansion was the acquisition of Florida. This, was part ly acquired by conquest and partly by purchase, Andrew -Jackson being the moBt prominent figure in .the acquisition. It GALLERY OF OREGON NEWSPAPER MEN-NO. 23 CHARLESvJ. HOWARD, OF THE BOHEMIA NUGGET, COTTAGE GROVE. Charles J. Howard was born at Monticello, la., October 10, 18GQj and resided In that state until 1SS3, receiving during this time a practical education. His. newspaper experience has been, varied. embracing, all details of work on .country papers.' This work began at tho age of IS, at Sheldon, la., was continued at Tacoma, Wash., and for' "two years on the Statesman, Salem, Or., afterward on the Guard, Eugene. . In 1890 Mr, Howard assumed tho duties of editor of the Eugene Register, beln g associated) wjth H,TKA Rowland and L.. S. Rowland. 'Mr. Howard started tho Behemla Nugget January 10, 1899, and has built up a paper strong financially and politically, and of considerable Influence Jn the mining affairs of the state. As editor of the Register during the campalsm of 1S00, and of the Nugget during the present campaign," Mr. Howard has shown 'good Judgment'ahd large capacity for work. A life-long "Republican, Mr. Howard is one of the able exponents of his party's pollcy-among the younger newspaper men of the state, a forceful and fluent writer. was taken under President Monroe; the after-lime President, John Qulncy Adams, being active In- securing the, pm chase. As In the case of the Philippines, Florida was acquired by purchase from Spain, and In Florida the Semlnoles, who had not been consulted In the sale, rebelled and waged war exactly as some of. the Tagals have rebelled and waged war In the Philippines. The Sominole War lasted for many years, but Presidents Monroe, Adams and Jackson declined for a mo ment of consider the question of aban doning Florida to the Seminoles or to treat their non-consent to the -Government of the "United States as a valid reason foH turning over the territory to them. Our next - acquisition of territory was that of Texas, secured by treaty after it had been wrested from the Mexicans by the Texans themselves.--Then came the acquisition of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and parts of Colorado and Utah.as tho re sult of the Mexican War, supplemented five years later by the Gadsden purchase,. Tho next acquisition was that of Alas ka, secured from Russia by treaty and purchase. Alaska was full of natives, some of wliom had advanced well beyond the stage of savagery and were Chris tians. They were not consulted about the purchasenor was their acquiescence required. The purchase was made by the men who had just put through a trium phant war to restore the Union and free the -slaves, but none of them deemed it necessary to push the doctrine of the "consent of the governed" to a conclu sion so fantastic as to necessitate tho turning over of Alaska to Its original owners, the Indian and the Aleut. For SO years the United States authorities, military and civil, exercised the supreme authorltv in a tract of land many times larger tnan the Philippines, In which It did not seem likely that there -would ever be any considerable body of white Inhabitants. The Cane of Hawaii. Nearly 30 years passed, before the next Instance 'of expansion occurred, which was over in the Island of Hawaii. Ax effort was made at the end of President Harrison's Administration to secure the annexation ofHawall. The effort was unsuccessful. In a debate in Congress on February- 2, 1891, one of the -leaders in opposing the annexation of the islands stated "these islands are more than 2000 miles distant from our extreme western boundary. We have a serious race prob lem now in our country, and I am not in favor of .adding to our domestic fabric a mongrel population (of this character). Our Constitution makes no provision lor a colonial establishment Any territorial, government we might establish would necessarily because of the' population be an oligarchy, which would have to be supported by armed soldiers." 'Yet Ha waii has "now been annexed and' her dele gates have sat In the National conven tions of the two great parties. The tears then expressed In relation -to an oli garchy" and "armed . soldiers" are not now seriously entertained by any human being; yet they are. precisely the objec tions ' urged against the acquisition of the Philippines at this very moment We are making no new departure. We are not taking a single step which In any way affects our institutions or our tra ditional policies. From the beginning wo have given widely varying degrees of-1 Belf-govornment to the different terri tories, according to their needs.- - It Ias?fot Imperialism. The simple truth is that there is noth ing even remotely resembling "impe- riallsm" or "militarism" involved in the present development of that policy of expanslon which has. been part of the his tory of America from the day, when she became a nation. The words mean abso-1" lutely nothing as applied to our present policy in the Philippines; for this policy; Is only imperialistic In the sense that Jefferson's policy was imperialistic; only military in the 'sense that Jackson's' policy toward the Semlnoles or Custer's" toward the Sioux embodied militarism; and there is no more danger of its pro ducing evil results at home now than there was of its interfering with -freedom under Jefferson 'or. Jackson or in the days of the Indian wars on the plains. Our Army is relatively not as large as It was in the days of Wayne; we have not one regular for every tfiou 'sand -inhabitants. .There is no. more danger of a 'draft thanr there Is of the reintroductlon of slavery. When we ex panded over Kew ftexjpo and California we secured free goverhnlent tc these ter ritories and prevent their .falling under the "militarism" of a ' dictatorship like that of Santa Ana or the "Imperialism" of 'a real empire 'in the days of Maxt milllan.1 We put a,' stop to Imperialism In Mexico as soon. as. the Civil War closed. We made a great anti-imperialistic stride whence -drove the Span iards from Porto Rico and the Philip pines, and thereby' ', made ready the ground for tho ...gradually increasing measure of. self-government for which their'populatlons ar severally fitted. Cu bans are being helped along the path to independence as readily as her own citi zens are content she should go. . The presence of troops "in the Philippines dur ing the Tagal insurrection has no more to. do with militarism or imperialism than had their presence In the Dakotas, Minnesota and Wybmfng during the many years which' " elapsed before the. final outbreaks or Ihe Sioux were defi nitely put down. There ''Is no more mili tarism or imperialism in" garrisoning Lu zon until order is restored than there was imperialism In sending soldiers to South Dakota in 1890 during the Ogallalla out break. The reasoning which justifies our having made war against Sitting Bull4 also Justifies ,oilr having checked the outbreaks of Agulnaldo and his fol ' lowers," directed as they .were against Filipino and American alike. The only certain ', way of rendering It necessary for our Republic to enter on a career of "militarism" would be to abandon the Philippines to their own tribes and at the, same time either to guarantee a stable, government among 'these tribes or to guarantee them against J outside Interference. A? far larger army would be required to carry out any such policy than will be required to secure order "under the American flag; whilo the presence of thl'fiag on the islands Is really the only possible security against outside aggression. 4 Tho whole argument against President Mclvinley's policy lri the -Philippines be comes absurd when- It Is conceded that we should, to quote the language of the Kansas City platform, "give to the Phil ippines first a stable form of govern ment" If they are now entitled to In dependence they are also entitled to de cide for themselves whether their gov ernment shall be stable or unstable, civ ilized or savage, or whether they shall have -any government a all; while It Is, of course, equally evident that under such conditions we -have no right what ever to guarantee them against outside Interference any more than we have to make such a guarantee in the case of tho Boxers (who are merely Chinese analo gies of Agulnaldo's followers). If we have a right to establish a stable gov ernment in the islands it necessarily fol lows that it is not only our right but our duty to 'support that government un til the natives gradually grow fit to sus tain it themselves. How else will It be stable? The minute we leave it, it ceases to be stable. Question of Contraction. Properly speaking, the question is not whether we shall expand for we have already expanded but whether we shall contract. The Philippines are now part of American territory. To surrender them would be to surrender American territory. They must, of course, be governed primarily in the Interests of their own citizens. Our first care must be for the, people of the Isl ands which have come under our guard ianship as a result of the most righteous foreign war that has been waged within the memory of the present generation. They must.be administered In the Inter ests of thelr-i Inhabitants, and that neces sarily means that any question of per sonal or partisan politics In .their ad ministration must be entirely eliminated. We must continue to put at the head of affairs In the different Islands such men as General Wood,' 'Governor Allen and Judge Taft; 'and it 'Is a most fortunate thing that we are able to Illustrate what ought to be done in the way of 'sending 'officers thither by pointing out what ac tually has been done. The minor places In their administration, where It Is Im possible to fill them by natives, must be filled by the strictest application of the merit system. It Is very Important that In ourxwn home administration the min isterial and administrative officers, where the duties are entirely nonpolltlcal, shall be filled absolutely without reference to partisan affiliations; but this is many times more important In the newly ac quired islands. The merit system is ia its essence as democratic as our com mon school system, for it simply means equal chances and fair play for all. Afynlnnldo Not Entitled to Povrer. It must be remembered always that governing there islands in the interests of the inhabitants may not necessarily be to govern them as the Inhabitants at 'th'o t moment prefer. To grant self -government to Luzon .under Agulnaldo would be like granting self-government to an Apache reservation under some lo cal chief; and this Is no more altered by, tfie fact that the Philippines fought the Spaniards than It would be by tho fact that the Apaches have long been trained and employed In thg United States Army and'have rendered signal service therein; just' as the Pawnees did under the ad ministration of President Grant; just as tho Stockbrldge Indians' did In the days of - Washington, and ' the friendly tribes of the 'Six Nations-did. in the days of President Madison. There are now In tha .United States communities of Indians which have ad vanced so far that it has been possible to embody .Worn as a.whole in our politi cal system," all the members of the tribe becoming United States citizens. There are other communities where the bulk of the tribe are still too wild for it to be possible to take such a step. There are Individuals among the Apaches, Paw nees, Iroquois, Sioux and other tribes who are now United States citizens, and who are entitled to stand and do stand on an absolute equality with all our cit izens of1 pure white blood. Men of In dian bloo'd are now serving in the Army and Navy and in Congress, and occupy high positions, both In the business and the political world. There Is every reason why as rapidly as an Indian or any body of Indians becomes fit for self-government he or it should be granted the full est equality with the whites; but there would be no justification whatever in treating this fact as a reason for aban doning the wild tribes to work out their own destruction. Exactly the same rea soning applies in the case-of the Philip pines. To' turn over the Islands to Agulnaldo and his followers would be to give self-government to the Islanders; under no circumstances would the ma jority thus gain solf-government They would simply be put at the mercy' of a syndicate of Chinese half-breeds, under whom corruption would flourish far .more freely than ever it flourished under Tweed, while tyrannical oppression would obtain to a degree only possible under such an oligarchy. nTour truly, THEODORE -ROOSEVELT. AGAINST COLOMBIA. Avrard of French. President oa the Boundary Question. WASHINGTON, Sept 16. The Minister of Costa Rica at Washington, Senor Calvq, has received a cablegram from the Minister of Costa Rica at Paris, which conveys the information that the Presi dent of the French Republic, M. Loubet, who was the arbitrator appointed to de- vclde the boundary question betweenCosta Rica and Co'ombla, by his award of yes terday, fixed the boundary limit between the two countries on the Atlantic side at Mona Point and on the Pacific side at Punta Barlca. The Republic of Colombia claimed that the limit should be fixed at Cape Graclas.Adlos, on the Atlantic, in cluding tho whole of Costa Rica and the Nlcaraguan Atlantic Coast, and that the limit on the Pacific side should be placed at Boruca River, to the northwest of Golfo Dulce, which would have given Co lombia a .right to half the territory of C:sta Rica and about two-thirds of that of Nicaragua. Costa Rica claimed the old limits between Central America and Co lombia, placed at the Island of Escudo de Veragua, on the Atlantic, and the River Chlriqul Vlejo, on the Pacific. The award fixes the boundary line on the Pa cific side at Punta Barlca, as claimed by Costa Rica, and on the Atlantic denies the right of Colombia to any part of the territory of Nicaragua or any portion of that of Costa Kica beyond Mona point. GATHERED BLANK CHECKS. Methods of a Man "Whom the Poliae Arrested. . A man giving the name of J. CV Cog gins arrived In Portland about a week ago and visited a printing office to get some blank checks struck off. He had an electro' plate with him, bearing the name of Cogglns Brothers, Yreka, Cal., and said he was a member of that firm. Suspicions were aroused, the police called, and when Mr. Coggins came after his checks he was escorted to the city jail, where he" admitted his name .was not Cogglns, but. T. M. Stuart. The lumber firm in Yreka was telegraphed, and answered that no one was authorized to 'have checks written for them. . The police went -to the man's room In a lodging-house 'and found an array of blank checks from many different banks, some having the war tax stamps on .them. How he came by them the pris oner declines to tell, but he virtually admitted that Issuing checks Js his line of business. He bears a strong re semblance to the photograph of a forger who ''did time" In Utah and In Minne sota, but denies emphatically that he 13 the original. The police think he, is, how ever, and had "Mr. Coggins" photo graphed yesterday. ' He is a well-dressed man, of about 40, and has the address of a business man. His check enterprise has been nlpppd.In the bud here, though he may not be prosecuted on any charge. a LAFAYETTE KISSED A BELLE It Was nt Her Ovrn Request, and Vir ginia Society Was Sorely Shocked. "La Fayette's stay In Alexandria, Va., upon his return visit to America, was a succession of fetes, opening with a civic and military parade," writes Mrs. Thad deus Horton, In the September Ladles' Home Journal. "The event to which every one looked forward with delight the grand ball. It was held In tho double drawing-rooms of the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Cazenore, which after English fashion, occupied the second floor. Tha apartments were richly decorated and were thronged with the elite of Virginia society and many notable guests from Washington City and elsewhere. La Fay ette stood In the rear drawing-room and received with the Mayor of Alexandria, who Introduced the guests to him. During the presentations a young lady from mid dle Virginia, a great belle, came up, and on being Introduced asked La Fayette to kiss her, which he Immediately did. Every body was shocked at such an exhibition of Immodesty on her part, and wondered how the General could be so undignified as to comply with her request. Nothing else was talked of the entire evening but this remarkable occurrence. The ladles all thought it quite shameful and a dis grace to the occasion and blamed both the girl and the Marquis. The gentlemen, however, thought La Fayette excusable under the circumstances." Eve's Origin. Harper's Bazar. One of many legends that have offset the parsimony of Eve's biblical history represents her as the end of man's crea tion In a quite literal fashfon made, out of his tall! Strangely enough the legend anticipated science In Its view of the primitive man's terminal facilities. An other legend gives a" dozen reasons why Eve was not made from this, that, or the other part of Adam, but from the rib only, and then sayp that she had all the faults and fallings which Yahweh had endeavored to avoid. Clearly the legend of Eve, If not the Genesis narration, is dominated by a spirit of hostility to womankind. She Is another with Potl phar's wife and the wicked Jezebel and the rebellious Vashti and the tricksy De lilah. She is typical of the women who get men into trouble, and who give color to the story that, when thero was mis chief in Persia, the King's flrst question always was, "Who was she?" Republicans of Colorado. DENVER, Colo., Sept. 16. The Repub lican State Convention will convene in the Broadway Theater in this city to morrow to select a full state ticket. The Indications are that there will be little or no contest for places on the ticket, and It Is even said that a slate has been made and will be put through without any opposition. Frank C Goudy, a prom inent lawyer of this city, will undoubted ly be named for Governor. The McKlnley' Sunday. CANTON, O., Sept. 16. President and Mrs. M'cKinley drove to the cemetery today and placed flowers on the graves of the'McKlnley children and other rela tives burled there. In the afternoon the President and Mrs. McKlnley took an other short drive. They received a num ber of neighbors and friends who called during the day. Judge-McAtee, of Indian Territory, Is here to see the President. TRIP OVER OREGON TRAIL INTERESTING JOURNEY FROM FORT JARAMIE TO AMERICAN FALIS. Professor YonBg Cover the DIffltance and Well Describes the Many Points of Attraction. AMERICAN FALLS, Idaho, Sept, 12. It Is a stretch of six hundred miles from Fort Laramie to the American. Falls three hundred to South Pass, "and three hundred to the falls of the Snake. In Its course thr;e great divides are crossed the continental backbone at South Pass; the ridge separating the basin of the Colorado from that of tho Great Salt Lake, crossed where the trail makes from the tributaries of the Green to those of the Bear In southwestern Wyoming; the water shed between the basin of the Great Lake and the Valley of the Co lumbia, crossed in, passing from the val ley of the Bear to that of the Snake as Fort Hall Is approached. To describe this portion of the Oregon trail by tho river courses that it follows, we 3ay that it continues to make up the North Fork of tho Platte; not so closely, however, as at first on account of the canyons of tho upper river. As the Sweetwater enters the Platte, running through a valley reaching far to tho west, while the upper North Fork comes from the south, the pioneers necessarily left the valley of the Platte and struck up that of the Sweet water. . This they followed up a hundred miles, turning to the right through South Pass. A few miles on they found the Pacific Springs, whose waters flow into the Green. Down tho valley ot the Green tho trail was made, on the west side, and generally at a distance from the stream. This led to Fort Brldger, a hundred and fifty miles to the southwest a. roundabout way. The Sublette and the Larlble cut-offs leaving the older trail a little below Pacific Springs, wore soon opened and led more directly to Fort Hall on the Snake. The older trail and the Sublette cut-off each makes up a western tributary of the Grefen and passes into the val ley of the Bear. The valley of this river Is followed so far as Its trend Is to the northwest This Is somo five miles beyond the Soda Springs. Here some of the Callfornlans would turn off to the left and keep down the river. The Oregonlans and Callfornlans, not yet ready to part company, would strike across the divide to the northwest and. following the Portneuf down towards the Snake would come to old Fort Hall. Near Fort Hall some would cross the Snako and continue in a nearly direct course westward, tklrtlng the foothills of the Salmon Mountains. The main stream of the migrations, however, wound along the south bsnk pf the Snake, passing the American Falls. There was one fording of the Platte and several of the Bear, a-d beyond the American Fall3 there were two fordlngs of the Snake. The general course of the trail is west, a little south of the middle of the present "State of Wyoming, unll South Pass Is reached where the trail turns to the southwest, the' older route more than the cut-offs: reaching the Bear River Its course 13 northwest until It strikes tho Snake. ' It Is seen that tha flrst transcontinental .railroad, the Government and Union Pa cific, did not follow the trail up th6 North Platte. A branch of the Chicago Northwestern system lias for some years te3n headed along the line of the old trail. Its line from Orin Junctibn west to Cooper, the western end of the Fre mont, Elkhorn and Missouri, indicates that tho Northwestern has pre-emuted the trail route. Ju3t now the Burlington and Missouri Is active In this quarter. It already has a line extendlnff from Court House Rock to twenty miles be yond Fort Laramie. And rumors are many that it is projecting a line still farther. These do not Indicate, however, that it proposes to contest the North western's rights to the Sweetwater val ley and the South Pass. West of the Rockies tho Union Pacific follows from Granger to a point opposite Fort Bridger quite closely the older portion of the trail. The Oregon Short Line is practi cally on the trail along the Bear River, Portneuf and the Snake as far as the American Falls. Conspicuous ftntnral Feature. The conspicuous natural features along these six hundred miles of the trail are Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, where the Sweetwater cuts through a granite range of rocks. Soda Lake, Split Rock, South Pass, Wind River Mountains, Soda Springs and the American Falls. Most promising Iron mines have been opened some twenty-flve miles northwest of Fort Laramie, and a train-load of ore is sent to the Pueblo smelters every day. - The cattle Industry continues to- be the predominant one as far west as the cross ing of the North Fork, known to tho pioneers as the Red Buttes. While tho cattlemen maintain ranches upon the bottom lands, far up to the sources of the Sweetwater, the sheepmen have, in recen.t years,, possessed themselves of the vast upland grazing. All of this area away from the streams Js still Govern ment land, which the sheepmen pasture free. They separate their sheep into flocks of two or three thousand. Each drove Is in charge of a herder, who has left with him a wagon fitted out with stove, bed and a larder. As we struck one of these about noon one day, without a ranch in sight, and a good-natured and hospitable herder in possession of tha wagon, we can vouch for the good stock of provisions It contained. ...... There Is a campmover who selects the ranges for the several herders with their flocks and moves their wagons. The daily routine of a herder and his flock Is to lie near a spring or stream of water during the heat of the day, and at 4 or 5 o'clock move his herd cut upon tho range to re turn the next morning at 10. The sheep men seem to be encroaching upon tho do main heretofore enjoyed by tho cattle men. The cattlemen, however, predict the destruction of the upland pasturage by the sheep. At the high prices that have prevailed during recent years, both cat tle and sheep owners are making some 400 or 500 per cent on every head they market The increasing depredations of the wolve3 cause them especial concern at present There has been considerable activity In gold mining during recent years in the country a few miles north of the trail, as it approaches South Pass. To the right of the trail as It comes down the valley of the Green River, crossing the Little and the Big Sandy are the famous Rock Spring coal mines from which comes the main coal supply of the Rocky Mountain region. All In all, a trip through Cen tral Wyoming Is calculated to Impress one with the Idea of the immense mineral re sources of the state. Her vast oil fields and coal and iron mines destine her to be come the Pennsylvania of the West Wa ter rights for agricultural and grazing purposes are all taken up In thff southern part of the state. Just now there- Is a strong movement to the northern por tion. A migration of some 30.000 Mormons into the Big Horn country is in progress. Bear River Valley seems to have a higher development in an agricultural way than any of the irrigated districts to the east And the valley of the Snake surpasses Bear River. Trail Largrcly Used as Road. The trail through this 600 miles Is still largely used as a road. One Is com pelled to admire the practical sagacity as engineers which the pioneers, or those who were the original locaters of the trail, showed. Where other rout;s ire preferred, it is owing to the nec-jairy of making connections with the ranches which are all along the river bottoms. The pioneers, concerned only with get ting over the ground, with access to wa ter when camp was made, would make cut-offs. The prairie schooner making the pas sage of the mountains Is not an infre quent sight At Fish Creek." shortly be fore reaching Independence Rock, we met a group of four wagons. They were bound for Nebraska from Idaho Falls. When remonstrated with for leaving tha Western country, one of the occupants remarked: "I am no pig- I knowed when I had enough. At Independence Rock, we came up to a man with a large family on hl3 way to some place In Washington. Ho had? as a young man. passed this placo in 1850. Now, with a family born and bred in Kansas, he was going over tha same road. They stopped to scan tho crevices and chambers of the rock for his name and those of his erstwhile com panions. Names in great numbers ap pear on the rockf but the earlier, un less deeply carved or painted In protect ed places, are obscured by moss and tha weathering. While we found some that appear in the annals of Oregon, none that was especially familiar was read during our short stop. We found many interesting and oblig ing hosts among the proprietors of ranches on the Platte and Sweetwater. Some expressed themselves as delighted with the conditions of life on the ranch. In their opinion, neighbors are most neighborly when 20 miles apart,, and their cattle are not nearly so liable to be troublesome to each other a3 when but . half a mile separates them. The supremo disdain with which they look down upon dairy farming was -well expressed in a remark by a sheep rancher's daughter which we overheard, She was on the train returning from a visit in Nebraska. When teased about the suitors she had probably interested thero she said that she had "no use for such hayseeds." Ranching in their eyes is lordly, but or dinary farming plebeian, done by hay seeds. While our experience proved the existence of delightful exceptions among the "cow-punchers," their reputation as reckless, unsocial individuals, little re gardful for their own welfare or for that of any one else, la not altogether unfounded. Towns Along: the Route. The towns along the route are either dead, but unburied wrecks of bygone mil itary or mining activity, or they are flourishing, wide - open gambling and brawling hells. There are always, how ever, considerate, refined and, hospitable people to be found. Soda Springs, on Bear River, is especially favored in its springs, which are beings utilized com mercially. "Old Steamboat spring." on the brink of the Bear River, gushes as of yore, just as noted by the pioneers. The yellowish mound wtth springs in crater-like openings are also thero. At almost every town one learns of clus ters of graves' near the trail. To describe the old Oregon trail by these references to tho aspects of Its environ ment does not suggest Its significance. Tho 2000-mile groove across the continent deep and canal-like where It passes over sandy wind-swept stretches, and scarcely traceable where harder rocks come to the surface has Its significance from tho purposes and resolution of the men and women who in moving to their destination made It. These men and women were instruments in effecting the greatest sin gle expansion ever achieved by any peo ple. The earlier pioneers ftx undauntedly carrying out their resolution and moving across this continental wilderness were in an Important way affecting tho destinies of the world. Having visions of home3 with easy access to the greater sea, tho pioneers pushed forward with unparalleled fortitude and gained a vantage ground for American civilization which, more than any other thing enables this nation now to enforce Its function as arbiter in world affairs. It Is no doubt open to succeeding goner, atlons of Oregonlans to malco as enduring an impress upon national and world his tory as did the pioneers. Tho surest means of toning their minds to high re solve i3 for them to cherish the signifi cance of the old Oregon tralL It should bo preserved as an honored symbol of what was probably the most representa tive American achievement F. G. YOUNG THINGS IN 1893-6. Pertinent Answer to Haxcnafa Attaclc oxx Cleveland. New York Evening Post. The Republicans came Into power In 1SS9. and soon made havoc of. the surplus. Two bills were immediately Introduced having this object in view, and a third was brought forward later. One of these was the McKlnley tariff, which) con tained a clause repealing the duties on sugarr which struck out $3900,000 of rev enue at one blow; that la, about one half of the annual surplus. The second was a new pension bill, which eventually added $50,000,000 to the expenditures, and which led Corporal Tanner, who waa then Commissioner of Pensions, to exclaim. "God help the surplus." Tho third bill, which came later, waa the Sherman sil ver act, tho worst of the three In Its effects upon private business and upon the Treasury as welL The Bland-Allison. silver bill had been In operation since February, 1878, calling for an expenditure of about $25,000,000 per year for silver bullion to be coined into silver dollars, a species of flat money which was kept at par by a roundabout process of redemption. The Government which paid them out took them back at the custom-house and the tax office, so that anybody could realize par for them by paying them to the Government. Ob viously this condition could last only as long as the amount outstanding waa no larger than tho Government could take In for taxes. The publlo understood the situation perfectly. The Sherman silver act proposed to In crease the purchases of sliver bullion from 52,000,000 worth per month to 4.B00, 000 ounces per month, and to issue a new kind of fiat monoy on it a kind that did not need to be coined, and could, there fore, be put out faster than silver dol lars. This law was passed In July, 1890. It added to the public expenses about $50,000,000 per year, and not only ran the Treasury In debt for current expenses, but created an apprehension in the pub lic mind that we were within measure able distance of & suspension of gold payments. The Treasury surplus began to grow less until it disappeared altogether. The gold reserve began to shrink. Secretary Foster,' in the latter part of 1892. began to talk about Issuing bonds to replenish the reserve, and actually gave an order for the preparation of plate3 for print ing the bonds. Mr. Dolllver. of Iowa, the same who ha3 Just been appointed Senator from Iowa, was Interviewed on the financial situation about the middle of January, 1S93, to the following pur port: Tha Treasury Is 'n no present danger. It will pay gold on demand for every piece of silver or paper outstandlns as long as we (the Repub licans) are In power. To be sure, the percent age of gold on hand Is not as great as It has been, but It la sufficient Tho people won't call for It; the paper currency Is good enough for them. "What may happen after the 4th ot March is not our affair. There la no reason why we should go out ot our way to help the Democrats. Let each party look out for Its own troubles. That la my present vtow. How ever, I reservo the right to change It later. Mr. Dolllver's diagnosis of the situa tion, both political and financial. In tho middle of January. 1893. was correct. It was also frank. It was an acknowledg ment that If a panic was approaching. It would not be the work of the Incoming Administration, although the latter would have to bear the burden of it. Tha panic came a few months later. It was caused by the three profligate and disastrous measures enacted by a Republican Con gress here enumerated, and now Senator Hanna has the effrontery to point back to the hard times of 1S93-97 as though they had been caused by the Administra tion which suffered from them. Capital Invested represents $11,033.954,S93, an average of 5G0,556 per mile of line. Number of employes, 923,924, an average of 49G per 100 miles. Vv:4v?yM-v - "-VVN-wft.. 7