THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JULY 30, 1900.
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ing, New Tork City; "The Rookery," Chicago;
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TODAY'S WEATHER Fair and continued
warm; northerly winds.
PORTLAND, MONDAY, JULY 30, lOOO.
OREGON'S CRIPPLE CREEK.
In another part of this paper will be
found an exhaustive statement of re
cent development in the Bohemia min
ing district, together with an exposition
of the geology of the region, by Profes
sor Dlller, of the United States Geo
logical Survey, and Professor Stone,
formerly of Colorado College. Though
Bohemia has been known to the mining
world since 1863, It is Just beginning to
attract capital, which alone can give
systematic development. The oxide
ores of the district, the presence of a
rock believed to be identical with pho
lonite, and the .general close resem
blance of the geological formation to
that of Cripple Creek, have drawn pros
pectors, engineers and capitalists from
Colorado and British Columbia, and a
period of mining on an extensive scale
seems about to begin. The district
commends Itself also because of the
opportunity it offers for cheap mining.
Champion, Sharp, Steamboat and Horse
beaven Creeks and their tributaries af
ford an abundance of water. The tim
ber growth is heavy, the stand per acre
being 13,000 feet, board measure, In
Lane County, and 10,400 feet in Douglas
County. The mountain slopes are
steep, and in every portion of the dis
trict depths ranging from 750 to 1500
feet are possible of attainment with
tunnels, costing not to exceed $10 per
foot. Nowhere but in Oregon are natu
ral conditions so favorable to mining.
It seems to be the fate of all Oregon
jnining camps to pass through four sue
cesslve periods, which may be described
as follows: First, discovery; second,
oblivion; third, litigation and misman
agement; fourth, development Bohe
mia saw discovery thirty-seven years
ago. Its second stage occupied the
fourteen years between the shut-down
of the Knott mine in 1877 and the re
discovery of the camp in 189L The
third epoch still clouds the camp,
though the victory of the Helena own
ers over the notice men who contested
their title, and the renewed interest
which the Champion and Noonday man
agers are taking in their mines, give
.ground for hope that Bohemia has seen
the last of its drawbacks and setbacks,
-and that Its bright era of capital and
work has come.
Bohemia is unquestionably a base
camp. Underlying the late volcanic
covering of free gold, at depths vary
ing from 300 to 600 feet, are enormous
bodies of base ore, carrying high values
in gold, copper, lead, silver and galena
-in combination. These ores are suit
able for smelting, but they cannot be
profitably treated on the ground, as the
necessary fluxes are not obtainable ex
cept through importation. The place
for the smelter is Portland, where re
duction can be done at the lowest pos
sible cost Bohemia, like most of East
ern Oregon, is dependent upon Puget
Sound for smelter service. In the past
year The Oregonian has said a great
deal In favor of the establishment of a
smelter at Portland. This need not now
be repeated, but the depositors of the
millions of dollars now lying idle in
the banks of Portland may with pro
priety be asked how long they will be
content to sue Oregon ores and concen
trates shipped to Puget Sound for
treatment, and how long they Intend
to be blind to openings for profitable
Investment.
MORE ATROCITIES OF CHRISTEN
DOM. The subjoined record, published by
the Lancet, and extracted from the
archives of old Paris the Paris of the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the
Paris of Louis XI, of Francis I, of Cath
erine de Medici and Charles IX; the
Paris that was contemporaneous with
the London of Edward IV, Henry VIII
and Queen Elizabeth reveals a capac
ity for cruelty on part of the Christian
Government of France quite equal to
that of heathen China:
AN EXECUTIONER'S PRICE LIST.
Llvres.
To boiling- a malefactor in oil 4S
To quartering: him while alive .....30
To affording' a criminal passage from life to
death by the sword ...20
To breaking the body on the wheel 10
To fixing his head upon a pole .......10
To cutting- a, man Into four pieces. ........ ,3C
To hanging a culprit ............20
To enshrouding the corpse 2
To Impaling a living man.... 24
To flaying a living man 24
To burning a sorcoress alive....... ....28
To drowning a chlld-murdoress In a sack. ...24
ToburylaE a suicide at cross-roads ...20
To applying the torch 4
To applying the thumb-screw 2
To applying the buskins .'.... 4
To administering the Gehenna torture 10
To putting a person Jn the pillory 2
Tonogglng 4
To branding with a hot Iron 10
To cutting off tho nose, the ears or tho
tongue 10
As late as 1757, Damlens, after under
going horrible tortures with red-hot
Irons for weeks, was bound to a post;
then a horse was fastened to each limb
end the horses lashed until he was dls.
xnembered, which, however, was not
accomplished until the executioner sev
ered the sinews of the victim's legs with
his knife. And such tortures were part
of the legal code of France until the
Revolution of 1789.
A man was burned to death for arson
Tinder the law in the market-place of
Berlin In 1786, by order of Frederick the
Great the great ancestor of KalBer
William of Germany. It Is clear that
Christian Continental Europe Is little
more than a century in advance of
China, either in Its legal code or in the
humanity of its mobs. The faqt is,
there is a lurking devil of animal feroc
ity In all races, and when the seamy
side of our Christian civilization Is ex
hibited in mob rule today, it is about
as repulsive ab that of heathen Asia.
SENSE FROM NEW HAVEN.
In admitting President Hadley, of
Yale, to Its August pages, the Atlantic
Monthly has returned to a course of
sense and reason, widely deviated from
In recent numtters by the misapplied
sentiment of Nelson, Sedgwick and
Moody. President Hadley writes about
"Political Education" as a practical un
dertaking, but the law of his being com
pels enunciation of certain principles
that are hostile to and exclusive of all
the fanciful notions of "antl-lmperial-ism."
This Is the first utterance of uni
versity men we have seen appreciative
of, the fact that self-government is an
occupation for which training and slow
ly acquired fitness are necessary prelim
inaries. President Hadley says:
Courage, discipline and loftiness of purpose
are the things really necessary for maintaining
a free government. If a citlxen possesses
these qualities of character, he will acquire the
knowledge which is essential to the conduct of
the country's Institutions and to the reform of
the abuses which may arise. If he does not
possess these qualifications, his political learn
ing and that of his fellow-men will not save
the ctate from destruction.
Nothing could be more diametrically
opposite to the fundamental idea under
lying anti-Imperialism. That idea is
that self-government Is a boon to be
vouchsafed, a gift to be bestowed, of
the same nature as a present found in
the stocking of a Christmas morning,
or a prize that falls out of a lottery
wheel. You can give the Filipino self
government or you can withhold it
Nothing depends on him, but all on us.
His exercise of the function of self
government Is a matter of whim on our
part, not of fitness or capacity on his.
That is anti-Imperialism's conception
of self-government; but it is not Presi
dent' Hadley's. He knows that certain
acquired qualities, among which is dis
cipline, are prerequisite to the main
tenance of free government and with
out which it is impossible to save the
state from destruction. A stable self
government therefore, among the un
schooled and unprepared Is a contradic
tion in terms. Government is not a
benefaction, but an occupation; not a
picnic, but a workshop. You can no
more give a man self-government than
you can give him character. You can
no more give an unprepared people self
government than you can give them a
history, a literature, a body of high
tradition, an inspiration of heroic mem
ories. To govern himself, the man must
have studied in the hard sohool of dis
cipline. To govern itself, a people must
have studied in the hard school of dis
cipline. Self-government is a compli
cated and dangerous tool, to which long
training and graded experiments, some
disastrous, must have fitted the hand
that essays to use it To propose self
government to the Filipino is precisely
as logical as to ask him for a poem
like Lycidas a history like Gibbon's,
a structure like the Parthenon, a battle-ship
like the Pennsylvania. The
Philippines can be brought up to self
government under tutelage, or they can '
be left to self-destruction through an
archy or to despotism through seizure.
Perhaps it is a pertinent question.
What have the university men of the
country, who know the Nation's his
tory, been doing, that they have had
no word of rebuke for all this sopho
morlc foolery of antl-lmperlallsm? The
history of the United States for 400
years Is the story of slow and painful
and ofttlmes discouraging struggle up
to capacity for self-government Has
Mr. McMaster forgotten the story
of the Constitution, or Mr. FIske the
processes in which the colonies and
palatinates were disciplined and edu
cated for self-government? It Is in
those early struggles and failures that
the American will find, If he seeks un
derstandlngly, the nature of self-government
as an employment of powers
slowly acquired and the exercise of
Judgment slowly ripened from tiny
seeds brought over by the Puritans to
New England, the Cavaliers to Virginia,
the Burghers to New Amsterdam, the
Quakers to Pennsylvania, the Catholics
to Maryland, the Huguenots to South
Carolina.
Even here the process is not yet com
plete. Evolution has made a superflu
ous relic of the electoral college, which
marked a limitation on-self-government
approved In the eighteenth century.
Perhaps we shall soon choose our Sen
ators without intervention of the Leg
islature, but it is certain we cannot yet
be trusted to elect our Federal Judges.
Large numbers of us have to be de
prived of self-government in the Inter
ests of safety, we make mistakes that
sometimes provoke a sigh for a dic
tator, and the literature of antl-lmperlallsm
teems with citations from our
errors with the negro, the Indian and
our Boxers in the cities of the East
the mining camps of the West and the
rural districts of the South. That a
race in the middle period of barbarism
should be lifted as by a high-power ele
vator to the twenty-second floor of self
government is a miracle that stamps
the antis as the most credulous of mod
ern fetich-worshipers.
LABOR'S HARVEST TiaiE.
This is the harvest time of the year,
not more for farmers than for working
men, skilled and unskilled. Any able
bodied man who desires work and will
work can find work to do at more than
a living wage. That Is to say, steady,
honest labor is now In demand over a
wide agricultural area, the harvest
needs of which are pressing, at wages
that will enable the worker, If at all
prudent to save money against the
needs of the dull season, which comes
with the stress of Winter.
It is a common and Just saying that
no man has now an excuse or a shadow
of an excuse for asking back-door char
ity. Equally Just would be the state
ment that no man will have, during the
coming Winter, unless prolonged sick
ness overtake him, an excuse for being
out of money and the common comforts
of an abldlng-place which money" will
purchase for him who Is otherwise
homeless. Not only should the demands
upon charity, except for the aged and
otherwise helpless, cease utterly now,
but the proceeds of this harvest time
of labor should be more than ample to
prevent a recurrence of the "hard
times" demand for help in coming
months of industrial quiet
It has become all too common to sym
pathize with men who have to work
for a living, on the basis of this whole
some necessity. For a time t was the
"poor farmer" to whom the unsought
pity of the inconsiderate pitiful was
tendered, until lo! one bright Autumn
day a few years ago the country awoke
to the fact that the farming community.
well housed and fed all along, though
perhaps wearing patched clothes, was
exceedingly well to do, and literally had
"mortgages to burn." Then the word
-was the "poor laboring man," that term
covering a vast multitude that claimed
public pity and the tears of the lachry
mose politician with an ax to grind.
But it is evident "with the call for help
that comes from thousands of harvest
fields and fruit ranches, without meet
ing full response, that intelligent pity
Is no longer constrained In that direc
tion. The plaint of the idler, "No man hath
hired us," excites honest indignation
rather than weak pity at this Juncture,
since no man in the Pacific Northwest
need be idle a day for the next two
months at least the simple fact being
that there is work good, wholesome
and well paid for all who can and will
work. This Is not to say that to every
Idler the choice of light genteel, lucra
tive occupation Is offered. It Is to say
that the farmers of a wide area, pressed
by harvest needs, want help to cut
thresh, sack and market their grain,
and that for such labor they are willing
to pay good wages. It remains to be
seen whether labor will rise to meet
this opportunity with cheerful alacrity.
A TYPICAL POPULIST AGITATOR.
C. B. Spahr, one of the editors of the
Outlook, has been on a tour of Inquiry
and observation through the Middle
West and, among many interesting
types, nothing is more accurate or de
serving of consideration than his pic
ture of a Minnesota farmer who was an
enthusiastic believer in Populism and
a minister of an Episcopal Church.
He was president of a Farming Alli
ance. He owned a whole section, or
640 acres of land, for one-quarter of
which he had paid about $500. Tha
other three-quarters he had taken up
under the homestead act, the pre-emption
act and the tree-planting act The
cost of these quarter sections had been
about 700, bringing the total cost of the
farm to $1200. The land is now worth
about $30 an acre, the farm has a value
of 510,000, and maintains a herd of 100
cows and calves, the average product
of each cow being 350 pounds of butter
a year, worth nearly 20 cents a pound.
The editor of the Outlook did not find
this clerical Populist and his fellow
farmers of the same creed possessed of
the belief that such an advance in the
price of land over what the people of
the United States had sold it for was
suggestive of an "unearned Increment"
On the contrary, these profound polit
ical economists believed that the later
settlers ought to be taxed for the bene
fits which they have received from the
earlier ones. As Populists, they were
stern In their denunciation of such as
have Invested their capital In railroads,
through expectation of deriving a profit
from the growth of the country, holding
that the farmers are not only entitled to
the increment in the value of their
farms, but to the value of such trans
portation facilities as have made the
Increment in the value of farming land
possible.
This Populist philosophy of public
equity and economic Justice looks like
a case of cock-eyed moral vision to
the people at the East who ventured
their small savings in the construction
of These Western railroads. They
plauribly plead that while they do not
complain when a farm inct eases in
va.ue from $1200 to $19,000, they fall lo
see why the Populist proprietors of ag
ricultural "unearned Increment" should
denounce the railroads and organize a
Populist party to rob capital of Its gains
which are far less than those of the
landowners. This same sanctimonious
Minnesota Populist half farmer, half
clerical demagogue, had been enriched,
not impoverished, not only as to his
land, but as to his business, by what
he stigmatizes as corporate monopoly,
and wished to rob, through extortion
ate legislation. He had but one son,
and hired but one man, save in the
busy seasons. "My wife and girls, until
the older girls went away to school, took
entire charge of the milking and butter-making."
The butter product of
17,500 pounds per annum was not worth
less than $3000. The surplus calves
ought to pay for all the hired help, and
in view of these facts this clerical Popu
list and agrarian demagogue of Minne
sota could hardly pose without some
conscious awkwardness as a conspicu
ous victim of that capitalistic oppres
sion and grinding tyranny of the money
power that is making "the rich richer
and the poor poorer."
Furthermore, the editor of the Out
look found proof of the prosperity of
these Populist prophets of coming woe
In the dividends paid by the creameries
the farmers have set up. When they
were not denouncing trusts for raising
prices, or cursing railroads for not low
ering freights, they were setting up
creameries without the Investment of a
dollar in cash, and making up the capi
tal out of the profits of a single year's
business. Fifty per cent Is rather less
than more than the usual dividend de
clared by these creameries, this milk
trust whose stock Is entirely "water,"
according to the Outlook's observations
in Minnesota. The explanation of the
racket which these prosperous Populist
farmers make in their persistent efforts
to rob the railway corporations of their
dividends is not difficult to discover.
It is due to the passion of human self
ishness and greed. Where these farm
ers used to sell their butter for 12 cents
they now sell it for 20 cents, and yet
they are Invariably against the rail
roads, even a3 many a small-souled
man hates his neighbor to whom he Is
Indebted for personal courtesy -or pecu
niary favor. The average Populist is
the American hog in politics; he not only
wants to retain "the unearned Incre
ment" of his land, but he wants to de
stroy the earning capacity of the rail
road whose advent doubledthe price of
his land and its products. He is pos
sessed by the spirit of the devil of envy,
Jealousy and greed. The average Popu
list doesn't care what happens to hlB
neighbor, so long as it doesn't happen to
him.
The army worm, or cutworm, that
has appeared in such numbers and done
some damage west oC the Cascade
Mountains, has but a short life, and is
an infrequent visitor. But for these
facts, the situation would be alarming.
Its ephemeral existence is marked by
great activity and a voracious appetite,
but It runs its course as a destructive
pest in about two weeks, and is not
likely to appear again for several years.
Where deciduous forests abound, less
damage is done to crops, but the worm
has little use for a coniferous diet In
the Eastern States the pest sometimes
denudes large forests of maple and
beech and oak, the succulent beech leaf
being a favorite food, with It These
visitations seem to result in no perma
nent harm to trees, though plants are
sometimes totally consumed. Going
into the ground to devour potatoes is
an unusual act of the bothersome creat
ure. Its appearance and operations,
however, are governed somewhat by
environment Unusually mild winters
favor the caterpillar. It is probable
that the damage done by them this year
will be found not to be great, when
their brief season is past Their pres
ence Is more alarming than their work.
How the organ of antl-lmperlallsm
rises at a rumor of vandalism perpe
trated by American troops! Owing to
its acute self-knowledge and its intense
patriotism, It Immediately concludes the
worst possible must be true. Here, for
example. Is the Baltimore Sun, raging
over outrages depicted by the active and
resourceful correspondents of yellow
Journalism:
The lootlnr of Tien Tiln should bo sternly
condemned by European governments, and fur
ther excesses ehould be punished by the se
verest penalties known to military law. There
is no doubt that our own War Department can
not afford to countenance such offenses against
decency, and that any American soldiers who
may be tempted to eelre the property of Chi
nese noncombatants will be called to account.
. . . . The sacklnj of Tien Tsln will prob
ably Infuriate the Chinese and lead them to
further excesses. How can Christendom ex
pect tho Chinese to protect the property of
foreign residents and missionaries when the
"civilized" nations apparently place no re
straint upon their soldiery, but permit Indis
criminate destruction and despoliation?
The next day Admiral Remey cabled
a denial of the scandal.
No man deserved a peaceful death,
full of years and honors, with chil
dren's faces round his bed, more truly
than good old Humbert whom some
wanton miscreant's hand has Just re
moved from among a loyal and affec
tionate people. A gallant soldier for his
country's Independence at 15, a division
commander at Custozza at 22, a Just
and generous Prince and King, this hu
mane and herolcpersonage has been one
of the few remaining figures of ancient
and honorable monarchical rule. It is
a pregnant commentary on the Irony of
human Ingratitude that this base re
turn is his reward for having commuted
the sentence of his former would-be as
sassin and for his generous and heroic
assistance to his people In times of
need. No punishment can Justly avenge
the deep damnation of his taking off.
These perspiring and agonized friends
of the downtrodden Filipino are New
York and Boston excluslves who would
draw their skirts about them through
fear of contamination If they met a
Filipino on the street The tolling
masses for whom they roll eyes and
compose panegyrics they wouldn't ad
mit to their office or the 'grillroom of
their favorite club. The aristocratic
dreamer, who loves and prays for the
dear people, but wouldn't touch them
with a ten-foot pole, Is an old type, rare
enough to be harmless, but pompous
enough to be traglco-comic.
The Fourteenth Unltjed States Infan
try, for several years stationed at Van
couver Barracks, is now at Tien Tsin
with the Ninth United States Infan
try. The present commander of the
Fourteenth, Colonel Aaron S. Daggett
is a man of sincere piety, who is said
to have never been known to "drink,
smoke, swear or gamble." He went
through every battle of the Army of the
Potomac, and. led the Twenty-fifth In
fantry as Lieutenant-Colonel at the
battle of Santiago.
Were Bohemia district In Colorado
or Washington, or anywhere except In
Oregon, it would not suffer long for
lack of railroad service. Here we have
a mineralized region as rich as Cripple
Creek, but many times greater In ex
tent, dependent for access to the world
upon a long trail from Oakland and a
tortuous mountain road from Cottage
Grove, neither of which is adequate for
large traffic
Bryanism has finally agreed as to Just
what It will do with the Philippines If
it Is given the power. This Is quite re
gardless, of course, of the consent of
the governed. The poor Filipino will
have to take his medicine as prescribed,
Just as determined in the Bryanlte coun
cils. The president of the National Wool
growers' Association Is said to have
Portland in mind as a good place for
an annual meeting. The man Is on the
right track, but how the deuce did he
ever hear there was such & place as
Portland?
Some German voters will support
McKlnley, and others will support
Bryan. That Is, they will do as they
like. No statesman or editor, however
important in his own eyes, Is going to
lead them, about by the nose.
If the Chinese Army is not very ef
fective, it is at least the cheapest In the
world. The private soldier Is paid $12 a
year, against $385 for the Englishman,
$240 for the Russian, and $255 for the
Italian.
THE MANCHU DYNASTY.
It Comprises the Bourbons of China
"Who Resist All Progress.
Baltimore Sun.
Mr. J. S. Tucker, of Washington, In an
article in the New York Sun, notes the
interesting coincidence that the Manchu
dynasty in China owes its origin in part
to the murder of an Ambassador in the
early part of tho 17th century. In 1G18
Noorhachu, Princo of the Manchu tribe
of Tartars, declared war against Waulch,
of the Ming dynasty, then Emperor of
China. In the proclamation Issued by
the Tartar Prince setting forth his rea
sons for making war on tho Chinese It
was stated that the latter had murdered
his Ambassador. In the course of this
war tho Tartars captured the capital of
the Chinese Province of LI Ou Ting. Tho
garrison was massacred, and tho Inhabi
tants of the town were required to shave
their heads in token of submission to
their conquerors. In his history of China,
Boulger says that this is the first his
torical reference to a practice which Is
now universal in China and that has be
come what may bo called a National
characteristic. All that is known of the
origin of the pigtail Is that it was first
enforced as a badge of' subjugation by
the Manchus and was made the one con
dition of immunity from massacre.
Sinco the conquest of China, nearly 300
years ago. the Manchus and the Chinese
havo remained quite distinct The prin
cipal cities are garrisoned by Manchu
regiments, in which no Chinese are al
lowed to serve. On the other hand, the
armies composed of Chinese have some
Monchus serving with them. According
to Lord Beresford. whose recent work
on China is quoted by Mr. Tucker, the
armies about Pekln are nearly all com
manded by Manchu Princes. Prince
Tuan, who Is alleged to have usurped
authority at Pekln. is a Manchu. Ll Hung
Chan?, who has been summoned to the
capital, is a pure-blooded Ch'nese. and
br some authorities Is regarded ns the
ablest statesman in the empire. In Mr.
Tucker's opinion, the Manchu Princes are
the Bourbons of China. They hnvo ruled
so lone: over tho empire that thoy havo
become Impatient of any interference
from the outside world. Although the
Manchus are outlanders, they have raised
the issue of "China for the Chinese.'
The recent efforts of European nations
to secure parts of the territory of China
have alarmed them for the security of
tho empire, in which they themselves are
largely a foreign clement. In order to
retain the control which they won with
the sword, the Manchus have now adopt
ed a policy which would have excluded
them from China in the 17th century if
the Chinese had been strong enough to
enforce the doctrine.
A SOUTHERN EXPANSIONIST.
He Is a Firm Believer In His Conn
try' Great Destiny.
Chief Justlco Snodgrass, of Tennessee.
The people of trie United States, s
well as Tennesseeans, are expansionists
at heart They bellevo it the duty of
the Government to take advantage of
every opportunity which offers for the
acquisition of desirable additional terri
tory, particularly if that territory will
provo beneficial commercially to the Na
tion at large. The Democratic party de
clared In Its National platform that it
was In favor of expansion. It tacitly
Indorsed the acquisition of Hawaii, Porto
Rico and Guam, but balked at the Phil
ippines, for the reason, as set forth, that
those islands were inhabited by people
who were not fit subjects for citizenship
and could never be raised to a sufficiently
high level, morally and intellectually, to
become so. It seems to me that this was
rather a remarkable declaration in tho
light of history. Tho. same argument
was used in opposition to the acquisition
of that vast tract of land known as tho
"Territory of Louisiana." It was Insist
ed at that time by many citizens of tho
United States, among whom were in
cluded some able statesmen of those days,
that the acquisition of that territory and
admission to citizenship of its inhabi
tants would endanger tho Republic lt
solf. A common argument used was
that it was inhabited by Indians and the
offscourlng of France, Spain and other
European countries; that tho white peo
ple included within Its borders were of an
adventurous character, whose hablts and
traits were foreign to our institutions,
and that they could never be made good
citizens of tho United States. A cry also
went up against tho acquisition of the
Territory of Louisiana because, as it was
asserted. Its acquisition would compel the
admission of at least six states into the
Union, which, with their proportionate
representation in the House and Senate,
would give them the balance of power,
which was a dangerous experiment
The result was that the Territory of
Louisiana was acquired; that the people
from the States rushed Into this new land,
and that It was quickly settled up, ana
today, instead of six states having been
carved out of that immensely wealthy
territory, there are 15 states and two
territories, all of which are Inhabited
by citizens the equal of thoso in any of
tho other states.
The people of the United States today
are and have been In past years looking
for additional territory. In 1SS0, when
the Indians of Oklahoma Territory were
removed to a smaller reservation and
their former lands thrown open to settle
ment no sooner had President Harrison
issued his proclamation opening the res
ervation than people began to flock there
from all directions. On the day of the
onenlng there was a magnificent rush for
the land, and before the sun set that
evening every available ncro had been
settled upon, and within three years that
territory, which had been theretofore a
wilderness inhabited by Indians, wa3
transformed into a garden of agricultural
activity.
Along about 1S70 the people on the
western coast began to turn their atten
tion to the Hawaiian Islands, then inhab
ited wholly by natives. Within 20 years
our people went there In such numbers
that tho result was that In 1S92, when
Hawaii applied for annexation to the
United States, the application came large
ly from our own citizens, who were then
in the ascendency, commercially, if not
in numbers.
The same course will prove truo as to
the Philippines. The energetic youth of
tho United States Is turning toward new
fields. If safety is guaranteed to the cit
izens in the Philippine Archipelago, our
people will flock there, carrying with
them the thrift and energy of this Na
tion and sufficient means completely to
revolutionize and Americanize conditions
there. In years to come these islands,
notwithstanding their large population
today, will bo thoroughly Americanized
and Inhabited to a largo extent by citi
zens of the United States, who will carry
with them civilization. Christianity and
intelligence, which will be rapidly dif
fused among the natives. This has been
the unbroken result of territorial acqui
sition by the United States since the for
mation of tho Government and it will
continue as surely as tho Nation exista.
Because of these reasons, largely, I have
been and am an expansionist
Militarism in Two Nations.
St Paul Pioneer-Press.
"Germany's government" says the St
Louis Republic, "is first of all military,
but the German people would not by
voluntary selection place themselves un
der a rigid military rule. Only the stern
law of national self-preservation explains
the submission of a race naturally Im
bued with the spirit of liberty and local
Independence. . . . Without tho best
army In Europe, Germany could not today
defy the attacks which but for fear of
the consequences would quickly be made
by jealous and aggressive neighbors.
. . . To encourage tho military spirit
the monarchs have lifted the army offi
cers to the position of a superior caste.
. . . The army officer lords It over not
only tho wage-earner but the employer of
labor. . . . Wherever great armies ex
ist and the military spirit prevails the
substance of personal liberty disappears.
. . . . Army habits necessary no doubt
to sound army discipline produce, where
ever their Influence extends, the insolence
of the higher caste to the lower. . . .
Militarism and equal rights are eternal
enemies. . . . Colonies cannot be held
In subjection without armies. Colonies
belong to the domain where the intrigues
and contest of great military powers play
the game. Vast armies must be held in
waiting for the moment when intrigues
become war. . . . When the people of
the United States enter the competition
of colonial land-grabbing they must enter
the competition of military strength."
Could anything be clearer? The Ger
mans would not tolerate militarism If
jealous and powerful neighbors with vast
armies ready for war at a moment's
notice did not compel them In self-preservation
to do so. The American peo
ple, being under no such necessity of
maintaining large armies to defend them
selves against powerful and aggressive
neighbors like France and Rsla. would
nevertheless do so, apparently, because
there would bo no sense In It or reason
for It Another touching example of
Democratic faith In the Intelligence of the
American people and their capacity for
self-government
Practical Western Germans.
New York Times.
The fear of imperialism does not ap
pear to affect the Germans, of the Mis
sissippi Valley as the Bryanltes at Kan
sas City expected. Dr. Emll Pretorlus,
the editor of the Westllche Post an In
fluential newspaper of St Louis, per
sists in adhering to the financial ques
tion as .the most important one of the
campaign. "Expansion," says he, "Is
comparatively an academic question;
free silver is practical." He does not
find everything in the Republican plat
form that ho looks for. But he finds
1G to 1 in the Democratic platform. "No
more dangerous political heresy," he
tells the Germans, "has been promul
gated In recent years, and the Westllche
Post will look upon, it as an Imperative
duty to figtit it until Is is squelched."
'Other leading Germans In St Louis'
hive been talking of tho reported" disaf
fection of the German vote from the Re-
publican party. Among them arc Mr.
Hugo Muench, a son of a refugee ot 1S43;
Dr. H. M. Starkloff. Mr. Charles Nagel,
Judge G. A. Finkelburg, and Judge Leo
Raisseur. some of them of German birth.
All of them dwell upon the threat to
financial stability that would be implied
In the success of Bryanism. Most of them
prefer the stability that Is assured In a
continuance of Republican Administra
tion. The reported general disaffection of
German Republicans appears to those
Germans to be like the Blaine Irishman
of 1SS4. always somewhere else than
whero he was looked for. According to
Mr. Charles Nagel, tho Germans "will
support the Administration that prom
ises and assures prosperity and stabil
ity." CANNOT ENDURE BRYANISM.
Democratic anil Independent Papers
Oppose Financial Dishonesty.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
The following is a list ot Democratic
and Independent papers that have an
nounced themselves as opposed to 16
to 1 and the Democratic Presidential
ticket:
Baltimore Sun.
Boston Herald.
Brooklyn Eagle.
Baltimore News.
Pittsburg Leader.
Richmond Times.
New York Times.
Nashville Banner.
Detroit Free Press.
Philadelphia Times.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Chattanooga Times.
Philadelphia Record.
Philadelphia Register.
Worcester (Mass.) Post
Galveston (Tex.) News.
St Paul (Minn.) Globe.
Greenville (S. C.) News.
Hartford (Conn.) Times.
Burlington (la.) Gazette.
Raleigh (N. C.) Observer.
Charlotte (N. C.) Observer.
New Haven (Conn.) Union.
Fall River (Mass.) Herald.
Manchester (N. H.) Union.
New Haven (Conn.) Register.
Charleston (S. C.) Evening Post
Denver (Colo.) Times Silver Republican;
for Bryan In 1S6.
Denver (Colo.) Republican Sliver Re
publican; for Bryan In 1S2S.
MEN AND WOMEN.
Pol Plancon. the opera singer, sings a whole
opera In admirable German without under
standing a word of that language.
J. Plerpont Morgan, -while a student at the
English High School. In Boston, took the math
ematics prize for three years In succession.
Miss Gall Laughlln, of New York, has been
appointed by the Industrial Commission, at
"Washington, to Investigate the sorvant-glrl
question.
Henrlk Ibsen's health is improving, and ho
Intends to pay a visit In September to Orkney
and Shetland, where a number ot his rela
tives live.
Ex-Secretary of the Na-y William a Whit
ney Is as expert an autemoblllst as he la a
horseman, and delights In running one of his
own automobiles.
Thomas Bain. Speaker of the Canadian
House of Commons, has been contemplating a
return to private life, and now he has definite
ly decided to retire.
Treasurer Kllbourn, of the John Brown As
sociation, says that the fund Is sufficient to
guarantee the purchase of the old Brown
homestend at Torrlngton, Conn., before the
centennial celebration.
The people of St. Paul and Minneapolis are
raising a fund to pay off a mortgage on the
home of Mrs. M. C Wilkinson, whose husband.
Major Wilkinson, was killed In the Indian out
break at Leech Lake. Minn., In October, 180S.
One of the first Englishmen to appreciate
Stephen Crano's literary work was George
Wyndbam, the present Under - Secretary of
"War, who wrote an article In praise of "Tho
Red Badge of Courage" ppon Its appearance in
England.
The next generation will see the Gould for
tune pretty well cut up, there being s many
heirs. The riches of these will bo Klngdon,
George Gould's oldest child. His father Is
rated at S70.000.000. Klngdon. though &
mere child, speaks German jini French, and
has picked up a surprising knowledge of yacht
ing. Ex-Representative Harvey Horner, of Sum
ner County, Kansas, is a snake-tamer, and
usually carries around with him In his pocket
a live bull snake, with which he makes lot3
of fun. A pickpocket "touched" his hand
Into the pocket where the snake was kept.
The shock made him scream, and Horner held
him unUl the police arrived.
A recent rearrangement of the relics In the
agricultural museum In the University ot Illi
nois brought to light the old ox yoke made
by Abraham Lincoln, and presented to the
university In the early '70s. By order of
President Draper, the yoke was Inclosed In a
glass-topped case, made of boards from the
old Lincoln home, at Springfield.
United States Minister Conger met, wooed
and won his wife at Lombard University,
Galesburg. III. "It was a college match."
says the Chicago Record, "and both bride
and bridegroom were attending school together
there. The bride was Miss Sarah J. Pike, and
the match was a romantic one. They were at
tracted to each other by their brightness In
classes, and by tho good spirit which pervaded
every action and word. Thl3 was in ante
bellum days, and the firing on Fort Sumter
put a temporary end to their lovemaklng, as
cruel war Intervened. Mr. Conger went away
to war, serving with gallantry and distinction,
rising to tho rank of Major. During his ab
sence Miss Pike was true to him, and kept in
touch by constant watch and continued cor
respondence. The years spent apart only In
tensified their affection, and they were mar
ried when the war was over, the school days'
courtship resulting In 34 years of happy wedded
life."
Politics In Bowersvllle.
Baltimore American.
It's on again already Bowersvllle Is full of
talk
The Democrats declare that they will win out
In a walk.
Republicans is arguln' worse than they did
afore.
And things is gettln lively down to Johnson's
grocery store.
Tho Ink upon the platform wasn't scarcely
half-way dry
Till Riley Jones and Billy Smith has argued
to "You lie I"
An now there'll be lots of debates in favor
of each BUI.
For politics is pi pin' hot down here in Bowers
vllle. Ed Rlggs got a diagram that shows how Eng
land gets
Farm Implements at half our price lncreasln'
all our debts.
Jim Terry has the same old talk he had in
nlnety-slx.
An' satisfies himself that we aro In on awful
fix.
But Rlloy Jones an Billy Smith they talk
sixteen-to-ono
Till finally ono of them yells, "You Hot on'
then they're done.
We're all expectln them to fight In fact, we
hope they will.
For politics Is bollln' hot down hero In Bowers
vllle. Squire Logan's tralnln for the stump. He
has the same old speech.
He twists the British lion's tail, an' lets tho
eagle screech.
He boilers out: "My hearers, 'neatb. our ban
ner's wavln fold.
Let us paralyze the cohorts that Is gilded o'er
with gold."
They've got their old "Coin- Harvey" books,
an' read 'em by the hour.
An' all the local statesmen cuss the pluto
cratic power.
"We'll win tho fight." says Riley Jones.
"You llet" says Smith, "wo will.'
Oh, politics Is bollln hot down hero lnBowers
vllle. You can't get In the grocery for to buy a
cake o soap
The door Is blocked with arguments about
the country's hope.
The dray Is standln Idle by the town hall In
the street.
The drayman he's a-arguin McKlnley can't
be beat.
The statesmen haven't time to work they've
got to save the land.
And so a dozen Jobs bos got In Idleness to
stand. '
"You lie! I'm rightr "You lie! You're
wrong'" comes floatln up the hill.
An' politics is bollln' hot down here In Bowera-
. villa,
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Bryan continues to say nothing in long
winded speeches.
The patriotic servant girls continue ta
wreak vengeance on China.
That Kansas county which has no phy
sician evidently benefited by the gold
cure.
The man who sent out that Shark dis
patch Is evidently practising for a job ax
Chinese war correspondent.
Now Is the time for some phllanthroplo
gentleman to come forward with a tract
on the "unoffending Chinese."
The rich man may not stand any chanca
to get into the Kingdom of Heaven, but
he can take a Summer vacation once in
a while.
New England has the record for tha
first accident on the golf links. There la
bound to be a good deal of hazard about
playing, golf.
The Gold Democrats thought It took a
good deal of nerve to leave the old party,
but their exodus looks easy when they
think about going back.
Missionaries who are thirsting for an
opportunity to die on the field of duty
need not go to the expense of a voyage
to China New Orleans is handler.
History furnishes no more striking ex
ample of punishment to fit the crime than
the case of the bicycle scorcher who was
devoured by a Honolulu shark.
Chairman Jones opines that there Is vic
tory In the air; but Bryan demonstrated
last year that there was no victory in the
air, even when the air took the form ot
wind.
Cremation Is undoubtedly gaining fa
vor. There are thousands of people in
Portland who are anxious to postpone
dying till after the establishment of a
crematory.
A citizen who is out in the mountains
fishing writes to" say that he saw a
paragraph copied in The Oregonian not
long ago attributing superior intelligence
to cattle on the Mississippi bottoms, be
cause they stand In the smoke of
"smudges" to protect themselves from
mosquitoes. He says Oregon horses and
cattle are just as Intelligent. The farmer
with whom he Is staying has a lot of
cattle and horses In a "3tump pasture,"
and he sets lire to some of the stumps
and the cattle and horses crowd around
on the lee side of these stumps In the
smoke with just their heads protruding,
and appear to derive much relief from
these huge "smudges." A horse and an
old mare with a colt fairly monopolized
the smoke from one stump, crowding out
tho colt, which horseflies tried to eat
alive, so the colt stood behind the two
old ones and turned first one side and
then the other within range of their
tails, whereby Its tormentors were slain
by thousands and tens of thousands, to
its great relief, although it had to wince
occasionally when it got a swipe across
the face.
A man passing along Third street yes
terday with a morocco case under his
arm was met by an inquisitive friend,
who asked him what he' was doing with
a caso of mathematical Instruments on
Sunday. He replied that It was not a
case of Instruments he had, but a Claude
Lorraln mirror. This was a poser for the
inquisitive friend, who had never heard
of suah a mirror, and he asked for an
explanation. The case, which was about
8x10 inches, being opened, a black mirror
was disclosed, and It being held up a
beautiful view of the street for some dis
tance was seen therein. It was seen that
the mirror was slightly rounded or con
vex on the surface, but just why or how
it was black was not known. The owner
said It was one of several brought from
Paris by a friend some time ago, and that
he paid $15 for It Owing to the shape of
the glass, a landscape appears in it with
exaggerated perspective, and It Is named
from the supposed likeness of Its reflec
tions to the paintings of Claude liorraln,
a French artist of the 17th century. Just
whether Mr. Lorraln would consider this
a compliment or a "reflection" on his
style of painting Is not known, nor eve
will be, but the mirror Is a pleasing toy,
to one who Is Interested in reflections.
A Portlander who has Just returned
from a visit to his old home away down
East tells a story about going fishing.
The villagers have a weir or set net sup
ported on stakes, which Is a sort of
community affair, and as tho tide goes
out all hands go down In their boats to
gather the fish Inclosed. One day tho
visitor went along, and there was a big
lot of fish In the net Every one com
menced scraping herring into his boat
and as the water got lower It was seen
that there was a big shovel-nosed shark
Inclosed. One old fisherman said he want
ed the shark for the liver out of which
be could make several gallons of oil for
greasing his boots in the Winter. Pres
ently a man in the next boat to the old
man's gaffed the shark and by a lucky
hoist landed him In the old man's boat
on top of several bushels of herring. The
way that shark bounced around was a
caution. He smashed the herring to pulp
and filled the air with flying fish and
scales. The old man endeavored to hit
him over the head with an oar, but
missed, and was knocked down among
the herring, and the shark climbed all
over him and belabored him till he was
half killed, when another man hooked a
gaff under the fish's chin and yanked him
overboard. The old man remarked, as ha
rose to the surface of the puddle of fish
Jelly in his boat, that he didn't bellevo
that he wanted any shark's liver, after
alL
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGItAPHERS
How She Looked to Him. First Artist Why
de you call that a study In still life? Second
artist Why, that's the horse I bet on at tha
last Suburban." Puck.
The Only Ones Who Know. "How does he
happen to know so much about China? Ha
never was there." "Of course, not; but he's
a professional politician." Chicago Evening
Post.
His Definition. "You never studied oratory?"
"No." answered Senator Sorghum. "I never
cared to be a speaker." "What Is your Idea
of a true orator?" "An orator, sir. Is a man
who is out trying to get votes without paying:
for them." Washington Star.
Diner (to restaurant waiter) What have you
got for dinner? Walter Roastbeeffrlcasscedchl
ckenstcrtvedlambhasbbakedandfrtedpotatoescotta
gepuddlngmllkteaondcoffee. Diner Give me
the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighteenth and
nineteenth syllables. Tit Bits.
Lacking . Credence. "Can you bellevo what
he says?" asked tho Journalist o the news
paper man. "I am sorry to be compelled to
answer that question in the negative." replied
the latter. "He Is as untrustworthy as a
copyrighted cablegram." Harper's Bazar.
The Missing Word. Dimley The books are
very helpful to children. In my opinion,
Tharpe First steps to composition, so to
speak. Dimley Exactly, they leave out Im
portant words for the children to supply, thus:
"Father says It la hot today." Brooklya
Llfa.