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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 10, 1900)
10 THE MCVRNINO OHEGONTA. TUESDAY, JUlrY 10, lUGO. EXPLOITS OF HAWKINS AND DRAKE (Copyright, 1000, by Seymour Eaton.) THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR FATON DISCOVERERS AND EXPLORERS OF AMERICA BY PROFESSOR GEORGE M. WRONG. XV. What England sought In vain in the far North gold and silver-Spain secured In the South when she secured a foot ing there. The natives of. Mexico and Peru dazzled their Spanish assailants with quantities of these metals, and the conqueror soon laid his hand on the sources of supply. The mines, of Peru especially, were rich. To enable America to pour untold wealth into the lap of Spain only labor was needed, and it was Boon found. What we see now In South Africa, where the mining Industry is al most dependent upon native labor, was true of America in the 16th century. The Spaniards were hard masters; they held the conquered in an Iron bondage and forced from them cruel work in the mines. Bitter was the hatred of these new-made slaves for their oppressors a hatred that flamed out sometimes in bloody massacre. Not only In the mines was enforced toll required. In the West India Islands and on the adjacent coasts it was found that the New World had tobacco and other rich products of her soil to offer to the Old. Here, too, labor was In demand. It is a tragic fact that soon after the ad vent of the Europeans the natives of the islands began rapidly to die off. Far across the South Atlantic the villages of South Africa were thronged with black men, and In Africa, even early In the 16th century, the Spaniards began to seek the labor supply for America. Thus arose the negro slave trade, with its heritage of tangled problems so real at the pres ent day. The pope's Imaginary line of division from north to south gave Brazil to Portu gal, and all the rest of Central and of South America to Spain. Philip II's quar rel with England became acute by 1504 when, for many aggressive acts against his commerce upon the seas, he laid hands on all the English ships In his ports and threw hundreds of English sailors into Spanish prisons. Many of them perished as herotlcs, condemned by the Inquisition. International law had hardly begun to exist at that date, and both sides, in time of peace, did things thai today wo should condemn as piracy. No unprotected ship was safe upon the ocean, and as the sea-going commerce of Spain was Immeasurably gTeUer than that of England, the Engllrh seamen had the wider range of chances to secure prizes. Spanish gentlemen were In time of peace sold at auction at Dover to the highest bidder not to be kept as slaves, but to be held for ransom. In the manner of the Sicilian brigands of our own days. Spain had declared from the beginning that no other country should trade with her colonies, and rigorously enforced tho Sir John Ilntvlclns decree. Men will, however, in defiance of laws, buy and sell whpre they can make a profit, and to the Spanlsli coasts of America Englishmen from time to time found their way. The most memorable of these was John Hawkins. Negro slaves were much In demand In America. The Spanish Government made slave-traders take out a high-priced license, pocketed beside st heavy Import duty upon every slave brought Into the colonies, and in 1553 turned the trade Into a monopoly granted to one man. John Hawkins saw his chance, slipped down the west coast of Africa in 15S2, attacked native vil lages, not without bloodshed, and. In the end, sailed away to America with some hundreds of negroes under his hatchways. The Spanish bought the slaves on the sly, for they were cheaper than the ones upon which the regular duty was paid. Hawkins sot from 100-to 200 for each of his negroes, and went back to England with enormous profits for the sharers In the enterprise. Queen Elizabeth herself joined In It. Hawkins related his ex ploit, paid Gfl per cent profit to the part ners and became the best-talked-of man in England. Spain protested, Hawkins, of course, wasydlsvpwed. but he fitted out a new expedition, and. on October 2. 15G7. secret ly left England, on a third alave-dealing expedition. With him was a young rela tive of 22, Francis Drake, destined to leave the griatest name In the naval history of the lGth century. The third voyage was a disastrous fail ure. Negroes were Indeed secured and carried to America, and some were sold, but the Spaniards were alert, as they had not been before. Hawkins, though his country was not at war with Spain, attacked more than one town which re fused to trade with him, and for a time carried matters with a high hand. At last he appeared before the harbor of "Vera Cruz, the most important seaport in Mexico, demanded leave to victual and repair, and, to Insure his operations, seized the Island at the entrance and mounted cannon which commanded the roadstead. Spanish treasure ships were there, but Hawkins was no pirate, and apparently seized nothing but what was necessary for his own defense and to enable him to trade. The very next day a Spanish fleet of 13 ships appeared be fore the haven. Parleying followed. Hawkins could have kept the Spaniards out, but in the end they entered the port on the understanding that he was to be allowed to complete his victualing and repairs. The Spanish fleet once within the port ? Sir Walter Raleigh. what happened was perhaps inevitable. Upon the English the Spanish looked as pirates, with wbom faith need not be kept; the English, on the other hand. Tested on the agreement made. In "overwhelming strength the Spaniards attacked Hawkins' few ships, and there was a bloody strug gle, well sustained by the English. The odds were, however, too great. Hawkins and Drake in the end with difficulty made their way out of the port with two ves- i 6els. They lost everything else, mciuaing many men and much property. For a time Hawkins was kept busy in England as Treasurer of the Navy. ad Drake became leader In the attacks on Spain. Hawkins was a trader, and a fair ly honest one. Drake, on the other hand, was resolved to rob the Spaniards when ever he could. He was not a pirate, for he usually acted with the sanction of his coverclgn, and conducted himself as her representative. In fact, though -not in theory, there was war between England and Spain during the whole of Drake's active career. He accepted the fact, and did not trouble himself about the theory. The Spaniards, to avoid the dangerous Straits oflMagellan, were accustomed to bring the gold and silver from the mines of Peru up the Pacific Coast, across the Isthmus of Panama on muleback. and thence acroro the Atlantic in ships to Spain. Drake haunted the Gulf of Mexico, made friends with the maioos, half breeds of negro and Indian blood, who at tacked the Spaniards like wild beasts, tried to intercept the caravans of mules as they crossed the Isthmus, and once with his small fcrce actually seized the town of Nombre de DIos, where he saw no less than 3G0 tons of silver gather for ship ment. He ventured far across the isth mus, and from an enormous tree. In which hte maroon fronds had built a kind of bower, he looked out upon the waters of both of the Pacific and the Atlantic Per haps he was the first Englishman who saw the Pacific, for the Spaniards had hitherto excluded all other nations from that coast. Drake vowed to go thither if possible. He returned to England with a rich booty, but not without severe looses, and in 1577 was ready for a supreme ef fort. Drake set out with several ships, reached the Straits of Magellan and sailed through that dangerous channel In 16 days, himself often going ahead In a small boat to act as pilot. An awful storm greeted him in the Pacific. By this time he had only one ship left, "The Golden Hind," which was swept into the far South, battling with the winds for no less than 53 days. No creat continent. It was clear, lay south of the Straits of Magel lan. When the storm ended, Drake con tinued his route up the Pacific Coast and entered harbor after harbor, to the amazement of the Spaniards, who had hitherto found it hardly necessary to pro tect these norts. It was the precious metals and Jewels that he was after, and he seized them wherever found today robbing a port, tomorrow a ship over taken on the high seas. His hold stuffed with treasure, -the prob lem for Drake was then how to get back to England. At the south the Spaniards now were plann'ng to fortify the narrow places in the Straits of Magellan, and were waiting to seize him when he should try to pass through. He was too wck to face them with success, and he knt.r it, ro he headed his ships northward, hoping to fnl the vestern entrance to the channel that Frobisher was seeking on the Atlantic side, and thus to get home. When w think of the thousands of miles of ice-bound sea through which he would have been obliged to pass, wo smile at so naire a plan. As he went north the weather grew bitterly cold. Ho landed somewhere on the coast of Cali fornia, made friends with the natives, raised the English flag, and named the country New Albion, thus claiming the western coast of North America for his country long bofore she had planted New England on the east. Then he made his boldest stroke. Ho determined to reach home by sailing across the Pacific to Asia, and by working his way thence round the Cape of Good Hope. Only one voyage had as yet been made round the world, and Its leader, Magellan, had per ished on the way. Drake set out, did not see land for C8 days, nearly lost his ship by running on a reef, but in the end reached the cape and sailed up the west coast of Africa. In September, 1S0, after an absence of three years, the Gold en Hind was back in England, having made probably the most remarkable voy age on record. From that day the Jaorr zon of the English sailor was widened to include the navigable seas of all the earth. Drake and Hawkins lived to attack Spain again, but by 1580 their pioneer work was over. They had done some thing to make America better known. Drake went farther south and farther north in the Pacific than had gone any other known mariner, and Cape Horn and some 500 miles of the north Pacific coast were first revealed to Europe by him. Yet his school of action really did little for discovery. It was animated by a fierce religious and national passion against Spain. To break down her mo nopoly of trade in America, to injure her and profit by her loss were the ends that Drake and later voyagers like Cavendish and Richard Hawkins had before them. They were no colonizers; not a single set tlement did they plant The real pioneers of English coloniza tion were Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh. Gilbert, who had added Newfoundland to Elizabeth's realm in 1583, was Raleigh's half-brother, and was carrying out only part of a great scheme to colonize America. The net year the English flag was raised In Virginia by an expedition which Ralolgh sent out Glow ing accounts of the country reached England; a second colony followed, but the great naval struggle with Spain, which resulted In the defeat of the Ar mada, absorbed English energies. The settlers were abandoned and most of them were murdered by the Indians. Iater Raleigh turned his attention to ouiana in South America. He. too. j dreamed of finding in these tropical Sir Francis Drake Sir Humphrey Gilbert swamps untold wealth in gold. Legend had made the land "El Dorado" the golden and Raleigh, abandoning his no bler plan of colonization, sank to the aevel of the mere coldsecker. He was the last survivor of the great English explorers and adventurers of the 16th century, and when Elizabeth was dead and James, her successor, forsaking the traditional fight with Spain, began to co quet and plan alliances with hfx. Ral eigh's life was really part of the prize Spain demanded for her complaisance. That pathetic scene In Old Palace yard on October 29, 1618, when his head, with its curb gray hair, was laid on the bjock. seemed to mark the final triumph of Spain. It really marked not this, but the end of the era of adventure and gold seeking. Already English colonists were prospering in Virginia, and two years later they voyaged- to the bleak shores of New England to stay. The 16th cen tury voyagers and discoverers had done their work. They had not colonized, but they had made English colonization pos sible ,by humbling the naval power of Sjw'i fa. - &f'A University of Toronto. AT GLADSTONE PARK. Prospects for n. Sttcceafal Opening of Chantanqnn Assembly. Prospects are fair for a successful open ing day of the seventh annual assembly of the Chautauqua Association at Glad stone Park tomorrow. Campers are flock ing In and a city of tents Is being erected on the grounds, and an unusual degree of interest is being evinced in the affair. Since the publication of the outline pro gramme a number of Interesting features have been added, and each hour has been filled with the best obtainable talent. FIyo baseball teams have entered for the cup, the Oregon City, Canby, Chemawa, Astor ia and Columbia teams, and two match games will be played each day. In the way of speaking and music the following talent has been secured: Hon. C. B. Landls. 11th and 12th; Dr. Thomas McClary, 12th, 13th and 15th; Altone Pac ard, 13th and 14th; jubilee singers, 14th, 16th and 17th; Congressman Tongue, 17th; Generals Summers and Beebe. 18th; grand concert, 18th; cantata. "Fair Ellen," 20th; Dr. Roland Grant, 21st. Programme for School and Closes Each Day. Physical culture, Secretary A. M. Grll ley. Music. Professor W. H. Boyer. Elocution, Professor C. E. Kemp. Art. Miss S. J. Evans. American hlstor President W. C. Haw ley. Anglo-Saxon. Professor I. M. Glen. Botany, Professor A. R. Sweetser. Literature, Professor J. B. Horner. - Educational topics, President Frank Strong. Sunday school methods. Superintendent W. R. Winans. W. C. T. U. Institute. Mrs. Helen D. Harford. Bible study. Dr. A. Blackburn. Junior Bible study. Miss Frances Cor nelius. Psychology. Dr. H. W. Kellogg. Prayer meeting, W. C. T. U. tent 7 A. M. All the above classes are free, except private lessons in art and elocution. Special Announcement. Rates on the motor line, 25 cents the round trip from Portland; 10 rides for 35 cents from Oregon City. Southern Pa cific one and one-third fare from all points north of Eugene. When purchasing a rail road ticket take a certificate from the agent; this, signed by the secretary, J. W. Gray, at Gladstone Park, secures one third fare on return. O. R. & N. Com pany boats, one and one-fifth fare; Ore gon City Transportation .Company's boats Altona and Pomona, one and one-fifth fare. Living expenses, 25 cents a bed and 25 cents a meal at private homes in Oregon City, Gladstone Park and Park place; 51 a day and upward at hotels. Res taurants on the ground, 25 cents a meal. There Is evory facility at the park for camping ahd outing parties. Delivery wagons connect with all boats and trains for baggage and camping outfits. All trains stop at Gladstone Park. Tents can be rented of Portland firms. Season tickets, including camping priv ileges, $1 50; single tickets, 25 cents; chil dren under 10, free. DAILY CITY STATISTICS. Portland Health for Jane. The report of Health Commissioner Menefee for the -month of June makes the usual satisfactory showing in regard to the health of the city. The number of deaths reported during the month was 6S. Males 40. females 28. White 62, color ed 1. yellow 5. The number of marriage licenses issued during the month was SO. Number of births registered 77; males 40, females 37; white 76, yellow 1. Number of cases of contagious diseases reported 33, as follows: Diphtheria, 6; measles, 5; chicken pox, 2; typhoid fever, 3; scarlet fever, 13; smallpox, 4. Sanitary Notices, written 28'. notices, verbal, 47; notices to .Plumbing Inspector, 15; notices to fill up cesspools, 10; notices to clean filthy yards, 16; notices posted not to dump garbage, 4; notices to re move manure piles, 11; notices to clean cellars and basement, S; notices to re move swill-barrels. 14; Japanese and Chi nese lodging-houses Inspected. 15; notices to remove nuisances on street, 3; notices to other city officials, 6; notices to re move nuisance in building, 3; notices to clean chicken-yards, 6; China wash houses Inspected, 3; fish markets and oy ster houses Inspected, 2; number of let ters written, 31; notice to clean alley, 4. Report of the Inspector of Plumbing and Drainage for June: New buildings inspected, 45; old build ings Inspected with new fixtures, 61; cess pools connected, 11; sewers connected, 33; written notices served, 13; total number of licensed plumbers, 39; reports of de fective plumbing, 9; plumbing remodeled on notice, 11; total number of visits for month, 465. Real Estate Transfers. Edith M. Hoyt and R. W. Hoyt to ueua JBiacKweu, lots lz. 13, 14. block 3, Tabor View, April 11 1 J. B. Stansberry et ux. and A. M. Stansberry to Lawrence ConnelL 3 acres. Columbia Slough road, September 7 Sheriff for J. B. Ternes to A. V. 450 600 Folkman, lots 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16, block 5, Germanla, November 17, 1899 4 Sheriff for F. C. Goodln and N. L. Palmer to A. M. Speokelmler, lot 6. block 55, Sellwood, May 31 6 Edward Harold and wife to LUlte A. Bain, lot 10. block 4, Brainard, May 2S 250 S. S. Slgol and wife to H. V. Smith, lot 13, and south of lot 14, block 23. Sunnyside. July 5 1,400 Catherine Murta to Alice M. Murta and Mary J. Murta, lot 4. block 206, Couch Addition. June 22 1 Bnlldlns: Permits. C. B. Smith, repairs to building on Third street, between Burnslde and Couch. $750. J. B. Griffin, two-story dwelling. East Eighth, between East Everett and East Flanders streets, $1500. Marriage Licenses. John Roche, aged 47; Frances R. Al- sunt; aged 20; Charles R. Scott, 30, Violet Cammann, 25. Deaths. July 7, M. L. Wagner, age 53 years 2 months; northeast corner Nineteenth and Thurman streets: hemorrnage. July 7, Arnold E.ccles. age 12 years 10 months. St. Vincent's Hospital; fracture of skull. July 7, Almlra Yates, age 54 years 7 months. 120 East Thirty-third street; 'tu berculosis. .Births. July 7, girl, to the wife of George J. Rath, Sellwood. July J, boy. to the wife of James G. Maname, 705 Davis street THE WEATHER OF OCEAN WDTD IS THE OICLY FACTOIt OF IM PORTANCE. Pacific Hns 311 sixty Ridges qf -Waves Atlantic First la Variety and Vlclonsness. The beat routes across the Atlantic are not . far from the easterly bend of the averago track of cyclones, says Lieutenant-Commander C G. Calkins, in Ains llo's magazine. Nor Is the Pacific voy age altogether outside the range of ty phoons. "Many of these storms ravage tho Philippines and the coasts of China, but Japan escapes with an average of three In a year. In both seas revoking storms follow similar tracks, originating to the eastward of tropical archipelagoes Antilles or Philippines skirting a con tinent, and then crossing to the eastward in high latitudes. To passengers these calculations chiefly suggest discomfort; Captains find It worth. while to modify their course or even to reduce speed or He to in heavy weather. A gale keeps a 15-knot steamer down to 10 knots, and a hurricane Imposes strains and shocks which may disable the motive power of an old-fashioned steamer. Progress has already secured the safety of the ships from the entrance of water except In case of grounding or collision ano the use of twin screws and the subdivision of machinery spaces promise equal se curity for propulsion. But these improve ments should go hand In hand with the study of winds and weather, and the new seamanship providing for the hand ling of steamers under all conditions. It is said that big liners can heave to in the worst weather by simply stopping the engines and lying with the wind on the quarter. 8horter and slower ships had to keep way enough to avoid falling off and wallowing in the trough of the sea which might involve rolls of 40 de grees each way, rolls which one hates to remember. Fortunately, increased length and tonnage have nearly made an end of the nautical affliction known as pitching. Sails used to help In lying to as well as In steadying the ship to keep a slnglo screw immersed in solid water to prevent the waste and annoyance of "racing" when the blades cut the surface. But when sails have to be furled their top hamper becomes a drag, and no cal culation will justify their retention In a full-powered steamer. "Returning to gossip about tho weather of which wind Is the only factor of im portance to those who follow the sea we find that the Pacific has some right to its comfortable name. There Is peace ih a steadr trade wind, and excessive calm along the equator. Even the North Pacific is generally moderate, though rarely placid. As the Golden Gate is the only inlet through which winds from the chilly Northwest can reah the Im mense hot valleys of California, San Francisco has the dusty canyons of Us strects-and the sun-scorched slopes of lis hills swept by exasperating breezes every afternoon from April to September Yet the figures show New York as a greater sufferer from wind than her Paclfla rival. Only In the East the bitter northwest winds come In Winter, when human na ture has ceased to resist or complain, while the Callfornlan breezes blow dust on acres of blossom. California rarely faces a gale in Summer, white th.i cv clone claims all seasons oft Cape Hat tcras and the Great Bans. "The tourist who Is able to ;.ay for his choice can take passage In a 6lr steamer and stow himself In barih amidships, where least motion is fe' anl o defy the tempest Even then, .mtots he cease to dress and dine, he ill prefer smooth seas. Unfortunately, this luxury cannot be guaranteed him. Tho Atlantic is easily first In the variety and vlcloutncss of the-"wave createdj-Jy cyclones rndi currents, but the Pacific ha.i mighty ridges blown rolling from :he sunset to the dawn, and no steamer falls to ac knowledge their supremacy. In the Ja pan current and the Formosa channel, as elsewhere in confused currents and shoal water, all sorts of choppy seas make iov discomfort at certain seasons. "Until passengers learn seamanlike thankfulness for smooth seas and clear horizons, there will be grumbling about temperatures, especially from furnace heated Americans, accustomed to the stif ling palace car. But It Is so easy to provide rugs and garments to meet any degree of cold within the nar.ow range of marine temperatures, that no rational person can be deprived of fresh air un less the spray drives him from the deck or unless he Is too seasick to lift his head. As these conditions prevail over so many in the Atlantic, some go unprepared to tike advantage of the moderation of the 1'Hoiflo which is condemns I as gray, mo notorous and chilly, without much regard for thermometers." CRIMES AND TEMPERANCE. Results That Followed Father Mathevr'a Work in Ireland. PORTLAND, JulyT-(To the Editors Let me kindly endeavor to counteract the position assumed by The Oregonlan, in reference to the "Sober Society," about to be formed in this city and state. The Oregonlan seems to be in doubt whether or not a movement of this kind would work many specific reforms. Why The Oregonlan. in the light shed by history, should see fit to question the propriety of such a movement, will no doubt astonish- its many intelligent readers. The Oregonlan's mistake, in this connection, is in falling to appreclae the fact that the masses follow the leaders. As one of the many proofs that such movements work radical reforms, I may refer The Oregonlan to the great temperance move ment Inaugurated in Ireland in 1S3S, by Rev. Theobald Mathew. Previous to this movement, Ireland had begun to forget herself Intoxicating stlmplants having, as It were, assumed the mastery of her gen erous people. Lord Norpeth, the Secre tary of Ireland during this great temper ance crusade, gave the following statis tics of cases of murder, attempts at mur der, offenses against the person and ag gravated assaults: There were In Ireland In 1S37, the year previous to the great temperance movement, 12,00$; In 1837, there were 11,058; in 1839 there were 1037, whllo in 1840 the heyday of the temperance cru sade, there were only 173 cases. You can see at a glance that crime diminished as the temperance movement prevailed. As a further consequence of this great movement, the number Imprisoned in the Bridewell, the principal prison of Dublin, had fallen, in a single year, from 126 to 23, and while more than 100 cells in that famous prison wore empty, the Sroithfleld prison was actually closed. In 1833, 65 persons were sentenced to death in Ire land, while In 1S45 there were only 13, and from henceforth crime decreased in a proportionate ratio every year. Additional proofs might be given of the good re sults obtained from such movement, but surely the foregoing will suffice to con vince The Oregonlan of the correctness of my position. WILLIAM FOLEY. Danger of Over-confidence. Omaha.' Bee. There Is most favorable promise of Republican success In November. There are good reasons for believing that every stato but one or two whose electoral vote was given to McKInley In 1SD6 will be in the Republican column this year, and that several which went for Bryan will. In November, give their electoral vote to McKInley. But this favorable promise should not beget overconffdence. The Bryanlte party Is preparing to make a vigorous fight. It must be met aggress ively and energetically at every point. Having adopted the gold standard, given confidence to all nations that our finances would be based upon it. and so invited them to deal with us on full as- . surance of this, stability; having- given strength and vigor to our own business interests, thereby laying, a true and safe foundation for general and permanent prosperity, we are confronted by the dan ger of overturning all this by the plac ing e-f the Democratic party again In .power. "Can we afford," asks Senator Sewell, In a letter1 to- the. New York Tribune,, "in view of our great territorial expansion and' prospective development of the resources of this country, which will give wealth, comfort, employment and happiness to all our people, to Intrust the reins of power to those who would drive us to the ditch and renew those sad periods of financial distress that the Democratic party has heretofore brought upon us?" He urges that Republican. lay aside indifference and gird themselves for the fight, the result of which will mean the continuance of those blessings and that prosperity we now enjoy, or the loss of them. The advico is sound. CHINESE CIVILIZATION. Society Hns Jfot Dcen Rnlcd by Benevolence, but by Selfishness. D. Z. Sheffield, in the July Forum. Western students of Chinese life and letters are surprised at the lofty Ideals of government, of the family, and of so ciety set forth In the ancient classical literature, which, from generation to generation, has exerted an ennobling In fluence upon the thoughts of the people. But they are also surprised that these Ideals ;have been realized to so small an extent In government. In the family and In society. Ancient Chinese literature is a wit ness to the nobility of human nature in Its best thoughts and aspirations. The sages taught that man Is made for vir tue: "To be benevolent Is to be a man." They taught that virtue distinguishes men from animals, and that wheri men fall to be virtuous they cease to be men. The heart of man tends towards goodness, as water tends to flow downward. Water may be forced upward, but that is not Its tendency; In like manner men may be driven to evil, but It is not according to their .nature. The mountain clothes Itself with forests and verdure, but ax men come from the neighboring city and cut down the trees; fresh shoots spring up from tho living- roots, but the cattle browse them down, until the mountain Is" bold and desolate, and men say It Is the nature of the mountain to be bald and desolate. Not so; Its condition Is the result of 'violence to Its nature. Thus man's nature seeks to clothe itself with virtue, but It Is assailed by external evils, till finally the recuperative powers of the heart become paralyzed, and we look upon the evil man and say it is his nature to be evil. Not so; his true nature has been overcome by the evil that Is alien to It. "The end of learning Is to recover the lost heart," which Is the "chlldheart" that all men have In common. Confucius tersely describes the ideal condition In human relations as real ized "when the Prince acquits himself as Prince, the Minister as Minister, tho father as father, and the son as son"; that is, when men In evory rank In so ciety discharge faithfully the duties be longing to their place. The "law of heaven" is the law of rleht. the law of duty, and wisdom consists in cor rectly applying this law In tho relations of life, Confucius taught that the end of learning was to develop and make manifest- the Innate virtue, to renovate the people, and to rest In the highest goodness. Chinese history has not been without examples of upright rulers and faithful citizens, of "compassionate fathers and filial sons"; but the ideal state, the ideal family, have been, for the most part, themes to be talked about, to be written of in elegant essays, but not to be striven after, or experienced. The "son of heav en" has usually proved to be a son of earth In his bondage to Its passfons and allurements. Ministers have been eyes and ears, and, hands, not for the service of their princes but for the service of their own Ignoble appetites and ambitions. So ciety has not been ruled by the law of benevolence, but by the law of selfish ness. The operation of this law is also seen In family life. Parents regard chil dren as given to them to command; chil dren In turn have few rights in the pres ence of their parents. There Is a popu lar saying that "parents are the family gods," and too often they rule In their households with the authority of gods. The disciple of Confucius learned through observing the relations between the sage and his son that "the superior man Is not Intimate with his children." In gen eral the hard and selfish rule of parents begets a formal and selfish service In chil dren. Falsehood and duplicity take the place of truthfulness and candor, and un loving authority is met by unloving obedi ence. HAWAII'S REAL STORY. Part Played by the Missionaries in Its Civilization. F. L. Clarke In July Forum. The Hawaiian Nation as a nation had hardly begun back In the years when the various Islands were consolidated un der the regency of the first Kamehameha before the movement was started which was to end In the utter dissolution of tho kingdom nearly SO years later. The be ginning of this movement was made with the son of the first King, the Chief Llhollho, who succeeded to the throne as Kamehameha II. At the time of his ac cession he was but a youth, 22 years of age. He was proud. Impulsive, willful, the true type of a Polynesian autocrat, brooking no oppostlon, and holding him self above the laws he himself promul gated." In many things he was the slave of his passions; and he openly violated the sacred Kapu, the ordinance of the priesthood, by which very many things were forbidden a custom from which comes our word "taboo." In violating this, the most sacred Institution known to that people, he unwittingly took the first step In the series of events that have led to the Hawaiian Islands be coming Dart and parcel of the territory of this Republic This step was soon succeeded by one fully as Important In preparing tho way for the advent of those Influenced des tined to fit the people for the great political and social changes which have RESULTS always folloTrthe use of New bro'8 Herpfclde, the new scien tific cure for dandruff and fall ing hair. It possesses certain properties that Idtl the germ or microbe that causes all the trouble by sapping the oil out of the hair bulb. With this parasite destroyed, dandruff and falling hair cannot exist. A thick, soft growth of hair springs forth whero formerly thin, brittle hair, or perhaps total baldness held sway. One bottlo "trill convince you oi its merits. .For Sale aiall Flrrf-Class Drug Stan L&dm Pi Vegetable pompocsnd cures the ills peculiar to women it tones up their general health, eases down overwrought nerves, cures those awful backaches andreg uiates menstruation it does this because it acts directly on the fe male organism and makes it healthy, relieving and curing all inflammation and displacements Nothing else is Just as good and many things that may he suggested are dangerous This great medicine has a constant record of cure Thou sands of women testify to it Read their letters con stantly appearing in this papera since taken place. The second step for ward out of the gloom of absolute heathendom and gross superstition was the wholesale destruction, In the Spring of 1S20, of the Idols and temples; and It followed closely upon the defeat In pitched battle of those who still clung to the ancient "Kapu," who had risen in futile revolt against the new order of things. Then there landed on the shores of Hawaii the first of those who had been sent from the extreme eastern bor ders of the United States to preach the gospel 6f Christ to a people who, by thelr own act. had cast aside the lowest form of Idolatry, and were without any form of religious belief. The arrival of these persons at this particular time, 1. e.. Just when the people were destroying the symbols of an Idolatrous form of worship, was an event without parallel In the history of the world. From the moment the first Amer ican missionaries landed on the shores of Hawaii from the little brig Thaddeus which, considering her mission, may be called the Mayflower of the Pacific the work finally leading to the annexation of those Isles to the United States stead ily progressed. But the Influences bring ing about so momentous an event worked slowly, silently, and, for the most part, unsuspectedly In their trend for many years. In fact. It is only In the light of retrospection that It can be now seen that actually they were at work as early as I have Indicated. Summer Clearance Every thing in store reduced except contract goods. .. .. . C GODDARD & CO. Oregonlan Building No More Dread of the TEETH EXTRACTED AND FILLED AB SOLUTELY WITHOUT PAIN, by our lata scientific method Applied to the gums. No ltep-prodncinir agent or coc&lne. These tire the only dental parlors In Port land havinr PATENTED APPLIANCES and Ingredients to extract, fill and apply sold crowns and porcelain crowns undetectable from natural teeth, and irarrantod for 10 rears. WITHOUT THE LEAST PAIN. Full set of teeth. (0, & perfect fit guaranteed or no pay. Gold crowns. $3. Gold nlllnrs, $1. Sil ver niltnrs. 60c. All work done by GRADU ATE DENTISTS of from 12 to 20 years ex perience, and each department In cnargo of a specialist. Give us a call, and you will and us to do exactly as we advertise. We will tell you In advance exactly what your work will coat by a FREE EXAMINATION. SET TEETH ................. .$5.00 GOLD CROWNS $5.00 GOLD FILLINGS $1.00 SILVER FILLINGS JJ0 0 PLATES New York Dental Parlors 2TAZN OFFICE: Fourth and Morrison sts., Portland. Or. HOURS- to 8: SUNDATS. 10 TO 4. BRANCH OFFICES: 723 Market st., San Francisco, Col. fit l First are.. Seattle. Wash. PERFECT AN ELEGANT TOILET LUXURY. Used by people of refinement for over a 'quarter it a century. Shoe Sale iraDs& tfcsuih,JsIHiifc ggsft 'yj 3url pis THE PALATIAL mm buildin Wot st darlc office In the ltnUdtnst absolutely flrcproor; electric lights and artciilan watert perfect sanita tion and tlioronch ventilation. Ele. rators ran day and night. Room. AINSLTE. DR. GEORGE. Physician. ...C08-C03 ALDRICH, S. W.. General Contractor C11 ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Latr...C13 SSOCIATED PRESS: E. L. Powell. Mpr-.SO AUSTEN. F. C.. ManasiT for Oregon and Washington Bankers Life Association, of Dea Molnea, la C02-503 BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DE3 MOINES. IA.:F. a Austen. ManaKer..r.02-503 BAYNTTN. GEO. R.. Mgr. for Chaa. Scrlb- ncrs Sons sis SEALS. EDWARD A. Forecast Official U. S. WVather Bureau Ota BENJAMIN. R W.. Dentist 5H BINSWANGER. DR. O. 8.. Phys. A 8ur.0-IU BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phys. & Surg 70S-700 BROWN. MTRA. M. D S1.1-.1U BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-4U-4I4 BUSTEED. RICHARD. Agent Wltoon & Mc- CMIay Tobacco Co 602-603 CAT.TKIN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers' Insurance Co. 71S CARDWELL. DR. J. R SOS CRHOI.U W T. Sppclal Agent Mutual Reserve Fund Lfe AsVn 60 COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT CM-f3-C0fl-fl0T-613-0H-r.l3 CORNELIUS. C. W Phys. and Surxeon 21 COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 3M COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher: S. P. McOulre. Manager v 415-114 TAY. J. O. & I. N 313 DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co ff! DICKSON. DR. I. F.. Physician Tl.1-714 DRAKE. DR H. B.. Physician 512-513-514 DWTER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos 403 EDITORIAL RCOMS Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT: L. Samuel. Manager: F. C Cover. Cashler.3Cfl EVENING TELEGRAM S25 Alder eirttl FBNTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon. 500-310 FENTON. DR HICKS C. Eye and Ear 511 FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 509 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION: E. C. Stark. Manager 601 GALVANL W. H.. Engineer and Draughts man. COS GAVTN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club. 214-215-216-217 GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgoon 212-213 OEBBIE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish ers; M. C. McGreevy. Mgr 518 GIEST. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon... 700-710 GODDARD. E. C. & CO.. Footwear Ground flcor. 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLTAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co. of New York 200-211 GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law.....C17 HAMMAM""BATHS. KtmrfCompton. mpe-.S&r HAMMOND. A. b 313 HEIDINGER. GEO. A. A CO.. Pianos apd Organs 131 Sixth strel HOLLISTER. DR. O. C Phys. A Sur.. 504-303 IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law..416-17-W JOHNSON. W. a 315-316-S17 KADT. MARK T.. Supervisor of Acents Mutual Reserve Fund Life Assn 604-603 LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 601 UTTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phys. and Surgeon.. 204 MACRUM. W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club.214 MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. .711-713 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg. .701-2-3 McCOY, NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 71B McFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer.... 201 MeGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-LaTr.311-3J3 McKELL. T. J., Manufacturers Representa tive 303 METT. HENRY 213 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and Oral Surgeon ..... 6OS-00J MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of Ivew York: W. Goldman. Manager.... 200-210 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N; Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents. .C04-C04 McELROY. DR. J. G.. Phys. & Sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia Telephone Co 60S McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 415-418 McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500 MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New York; Wm. S. Fond. State Mgr..404-105-40J NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Latr.714 NILES. M. L.. Cannier Manhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York .203 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY: Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 40S-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-,21C-217 PATTERSON. PETER .....M POND. WM. S.. Stale Manage- Mutual Ufa Ina. Co. of New York 404-405-403 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY. Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND MINING A TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall. Manager .........515 QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden 718-717 ROSENDALE. O. M.. 'Metallurgist and Min ing Engineer 515-516 REED A MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Slxst street REED. F. C. Fish Commissioner. ,..407 RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law 417 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 30S SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.; H. F. Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ore. and Wash 601 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M an SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 40S-409 50NS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.300' STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla., Fa.....CQt STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-618 STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO. r ,70 STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe cial Agrnt Mutual Life, of New York.. ...403 SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO. P.. Dentist 610-611 U. S. WEATHER BUREAU OO7-00S-00O-019 U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt, Corps of Engineers. U. 8 A. SOS U. S ENGINEER OFFICE. RTVER AND HARBOR niPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A. .81 WATERMAN. C H.. Cashier Mutual Life of New York 40 retary Native Daughters 716-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary Oregon Camera Club ..2U WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. & Sur.301-3 WILSON. DR- GEO. F.. Phys. A Surg.. 706-707 WILSON. DR. HOLT C Phyp. A Surg.BOT-503 WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.; Rtchard Busteed. Agent C02-C03 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO. ..613 A ICTT more ncxnni ouices may Oa l had by applying: to Portland Trnat 1 Company of Oregon, 1M Third at,, oi to the rent cleric in the bnlldlnjr. MEN K THE MODERN APPLIANCE A positive way to perfect manhood. The VACUUM TREATMENT CURES you without medicine 5f all nervous or diseases of the generative or gans, such as lost manhood, exhaustive drains, varicocele, lmpotency, etc. Men are quickly re stored to perfect health and strength. Writ for circulars. Correspondence confidential. THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. rooms 47-41 Safe Deposit building. Seattle. Wash. i