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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 21, 1900)
Tjp" W' Jf" 10 THE MORNING OREGONIAN. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1900. Viswr-sy- E53B-- -3TKTra-fVPj --""ssfflfmraggprwrs A LITERATURE FOUR (Cspyrlcfct. IflOO, by THC ORtXXXJAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: GOLDEK AGES OF LITERATURE II. WJUBRATURB OP IXDIA. KA.K. BCXJREN. PH. D. (UatversKj- at Nebraska.) Iaafe, rich sad sway IwMa, has for ages bee b kattle-grwd races and the homo f Amp religious meditation and lit erary ftottvtty. It -was ooe octipled entirely by that dark-lmed race whioh yet makes up the balk 6t its population, especially in the wrath, where thte race has even preserved Its language. But About 4000 or 5000 years ago come claim much earlier a. llght cocaptexloBed race penetrated into the pwrtmnila from the Berth, gradually sub duing and forcing las language upon the aaoieot inhabitants. That language Is yet preserved in the early hymns sung by the Invaders when occupying the river boota of the Indu and in many later ZBoomnenta of a growing literature. Its early name, possibly, was Aria, although this to not certain. But when one o He dialects, coming to be the recognized idiocy of the higher classes and the ve hicle of literary composition, was brought under definite rules, that idiom was called ganskrit (sam-ekrKa, perfect, holy) as distinguished from the other so-called Prakrit dialects (pra-krita, common). It csnttoued to be the living language for many centuries, until finally it was su perseded by popular 4Halects. But it has never yielded Its sway as the language of learned Intercourse in India, being yet used as such. ganskrit is of especial Interest to us for three reasons. In the first place, it be longs to that large family of languages, ordinarily called the Aryan or Indo-European, which is woken from India through almost entire Persia, Armenia, Europe and America, being thus, akin to our own. In t the second place, representing-by far the earliest phase of any Aryan dialect, it reveals, on the whole, more faithfully than any of them that early growth of the Aryan language by composition and Internal change which has later been gradually obscured and obliterated, not, indeed, by a process of decay, as some prefer to call It, but by a process of fusion ever tending to cen tered strength and simplicity. A del Its linguistic interest, the transparency of Sanskrit, by revealing to a large ex tent the metaphors hidden within the composite forms of the language, also lends a peculiar picturoequeivess to Us po etic expressions. In the third place, Sans krit contains an abundant literature of varied historical, philosophical and aes thetics! Interest. The Ittg-Veda ("Hymn-Veda," "Sacred Book of Hymns") is the oldest literary monument of Sanskrit and of the Aryan speaking nations. It is a collection of about M89 hymns and lyrics composed during centuries and handed down by faithful tradition from the time the Ary ans stood on the threshold of India to the time they were collected into the hymn material we now possess. These hymns. Invoking the gods, extolling heroic deeds and contemplating the mysteries of existence, though rarely of a higher or der, are In part full of life and charm ing by their naive and objective simplic ity, but also in part utterly trivial and uninteresting. They show the invaders to have been a vigorous semi-barbaric peo ple, loving life and Its enjoyments, but also tmbuer with those deeply religious tendencies which later .took such a pro digious development, leading to the loft les speculations on the one hand and to the most degrading superstitions on the other. Their religious conceptions were based on nature worship. Struck with wonder or awe by the mysterious- phe nomena of nature, they conceived be hind them living powers, which, being per eonMed, became their gods. The beaming sun (Surya, akin to Latin Sol) was Joyfully hailed by the singer L, M; Is): Te morning ra-a already bring The mtgttr Swim, heaven's god, Per every being to behold. Am! to the stare up yonder steal Like ttrtovca away, and hMe their beams Before the bus's all-searoMng' eye. The same prosperity us grant. Thau wise and wender-worktag- sod. That enee thou didst ow fathers grant! Maty as to conquer our foes. Make initwUt and easy our path, ' LMe-fcringer' grant us vitas strength! The rosy dawn (Ush-as-Aur-era) was aireotionateiy Invoked: Thy path bs heaatMat above the mountains. Thy stow through clouds puffuatag all the oky. Bring, hoaveuty daughter, ntigfety Dawn, cn- O Dawn, appraaciiing with thy seeds triumph ant. Bring ue the rtcfcee that we do desire. In early morn, already, heavenly daughter. Thou nam cot rich!' laden Ilk a goddess. Bat more than anything the peel r ' flash of thunder stirred the soul of the beholder. That was the might' Indra (the etoud-compelUng Seus of the Greeks, the Thor of the Scandinavians) crushing with Mesteg bolts the cloud demon and his dark cloud cavern, thus compelling the downpour of abundant showers, and drinking strength for his deeds out of the- exhilarating soma Juice prepared by the mvoker (1., tt): Mew will I nraire the heroic deeds of Indra, The deeds that oape the ttgtantag-arraed ae- B stew the dragon, set the waters flowing And hurst the oaverae of the cloulc asunder! "WUk btudwt; haMa, by Tvaehtnr faeMoaed for He stew the dragon stretehed aeea the cloud And euodualy. Mhe lawtag ktne, the torrents Poured au !' down mte the mighty ocean. And eager Mho a hull he sought the sum Andtjuafod three aaittufe of tts fiery jukes. Than graaind the mighty god again his weapon And stew the brood, the UrA-bara, of the dragon. To propitiate the god6 the singing of these hymns was early accompanied by simple sacrificial ceremonies, which grad ually became ever more complicated. And around thorn grew up a priestly caste, the Brahmans (originally brahman, "per former of the prayer," from brahman, prayer"), whose Influence deeply affected the destinies of India. Stmh were the beginnings of the Brata maotoal religion. More than WW years of speculation, expressed in numerous the ological and philosophical works, are in cluded In the Brahmahlc literature, grad ual!' evolving out of early polytheism the cone option of one universal power, finally merging into pantheism. The germs of a unlttag conception may be traced already In some of the Vedic hymns. But it found foil expression only In such later works, eapeetatty la the so-called Upanishads ('teachings'). To the speculative Hindu the material world was then but an eman ation of the spiritual. It had come from the supreme soul (Atmaa) "as the wave of the river from Its source," "as the spark from the name." and It was destined onoe to return unto it. Man when cleansed from the slime of Ignorance was to be reunited with the eternal soul. Until then he woe constantly reborn Into the mate rial world to begtn a new existence vary ing (ram the very lowest to the highest BKoept In their coarsest form these uni tary conceptions never reached the wmri To them the gods with various substitutes and metamorphoses continued to exist, while even in ordinary literature they fcopt their place without reference to the osact behof of the author. The lipoaed Hindu philosophy found a MMttCul eenceacion m the Bhag&vad-Otta (Th Lord's Lay." rendered Into prose by Chatter: Houghton. MtiSh & Oo 1869. Thf mark oeuplr a high place among the scriptures, and has been a THOUSAND YEARS OLD Beymour Eaton.) DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON great Influence upon the spiritual life of the Hindus. It represents the teachings of God incarnate to a human prince. The object of life, he says. Is the attainment of true knowledge, which Is a beatific vis- Ion of the supreme being. "Having known even him, man attains to deathlessness. There Is no other way (Cf. the scriptures, "And there is life eternal, that they might know thee, the only true God," etc.) Those who do not gain such knowledge remain fettered to material existence by repeated births and deaths. But who, then. Is he, that supreme being? Says the Incarnate Lord (vIL, 60.): I am the origin and end Of all this changeful universe. There is. O hero, naught beyond! For all Is strung on Me alone, As are the beads upon the thread. I am the freshness of the waters. The splendor of the sun and moon, The essence of the holy writ. The sound of sounds, the man In men. I am the life of life, O prince. All true devotion's centered power. All beings' seed am I, the strength. The wisdom of the strong and wise! And how, then, are mortals to know him? Says again the divine teacher (xll., 6ff.): Lo, those who worship Me alone, . Committing all their acts to Me, Regarding Me their aim and end, And thinking above all of Me, Their hearts, O prince, do dwell In Me,, And I to them shall be, forsooth, A savior from the surging flood Of death and migratory lire. Thus the whole teaching of the Bha-gavad-Glta Is to fix our soul upon the Lord, to the exclusion of all things tending to draw us from him. Not that we should neglect our duties In life, but that these should be sanctified by recognizing all blessings as faint rays of him "who is-' the life of life, the splendor of the sun and moon." Out of Brahmanlsm grew Buddhism as a reform faith. 'Its tenets were expressed in Pall, a sister dialect of Sanskrit The sweetness of many of Its teachings may be Inferred from a few quotations of the words attributed to Buddha himself In one of the canons of Buddhism, the Dhamma paden ("Virtue's Way," translated by Max Muller, "Sacred Books of the East"): "Hatred Is never conquered by hatred; hatred is conquered by love." "Let man overcome anger by love; let him overcome evil by good; let him over come the greedy by liberality, the liar by truth." "As the vassika plant sheds its withered flowers, men should shed -passion and hatred." "Him I call indeed a pious man who is tolerant with the Intolerant, mild with fault-finders and free from passion among the passionate." . "If a man conquer In battle a thousand time thousand men, and if another con quer himself, he is the greatest of the conquerors." But Hindu literature, though largely re ligious and philosophical, is also In no small degree secular, even If then usually permeated by religious conceptions. The Hindu possesses at least two great epics, of which one, the Mahabharata ("the great Bharata war") Is the most famous. This huge epic of about 200,000 verse-lines de scribes the contest between two royal fam ilies, both descendants of Bharata. But being the production, not of one man, but of successive ages, the chief narrative, probably rooted In a simpler one of histori cal foundation, is interwoven with numer ous unallen episodes, breaking the chain of events and filling by far the larger part of the epic. Lyric poetry, also, found rich expression In Sanskrit Among larger lyric poems of I recognized worth, the mpst celebrated Is megaa uuia i rue uioua .aiessenger. Translated by H. W. Wilson, London, 1814). This poem, composed by the great dramatist, Kalldasa, who Is supposed to have lived In the early part of the sixth century, A. D., is really overcharged with strking poetic Imagery. Strange as it may seem, India Is yet more famed for Its dramatic than for its lyric and epic poetry. Among the dramatic poets Kalldasa the author of "The Cloud Messenger," stands foremost, and "Sha kuntala," the gem of Indian dramatic com position, and one of the great world poems, Is his masterpiece. When first made known to Europe more than a century ago, it was hailed with expressions of unreserved admiration by the foremost literary men. Humboldt salJ that "Tenderness In the expression of feelings and richness In creative fancy have assigned Kalldasa hte lofty place Among all poets of all nations." Only some salient works of the Sanskrit literature have been touched upon in this necessarily brief sketch. They may suf fice, however, to show that this literature, among much that is valueless from an aes thetic point of view, also contains works of no small merit It may be true that even the best Hindu poetry contains ele ments that are at times offensive to our aesthctlcal taste: gorgeous colorings to the neglect of finer shades, grotesque leaps of Imagination and supernatural Invention. But after all, no literary work of a re mote time or a foreign civilization can be appreciated without that degree of general literary culture and broadness of spirit which will enable us to discover real beauty even through the veil of unfamiliar Ideas and associations. It may be true also that our superior culture provides for poetic forms that were beyond the Hindu. As our knowledge ripens Into a better un derstanding of the secrets of nature, of society and of religion, not only our store of words, but all kinds of expression are wonderfully enriched. How could the an cient Hindu, with his limitations, have framed a figure like Longfellow's "The clock kept time with the revolving spheres," or Coleridge's "There are errors which no wie man will treat with rude ness while there is a possibility that they may be the refraction of some great truth below the horizon?" But where poetic expressions are suggested by a more imme diate observation, by first impressions from external forms and ordinary human conditions, the Indian muse is, In her bet ter moods, nowise unworthy of her west ern sister, besides having a peculiar charm of her own. Perhaps in all the wide world's literature there Is not a womanly charac ter more charming for pure, delicate ten derness and devotion than are Ttemayantl and Shakuntala. Uti University of Nebraska. A ReiunrUable Christening. PORTLAND, Feb. 20. (To the Editor.) The communication in yesterday's Ore gonian from my old Catholic friend and brother, Frank Davey. brings to mind the baptism of the big Union gun at Fort Corcoran. June. 1S5L by an Irish Cath olic priest. Rev. Father Mooney. If the eye of any member of the old Sixty ninth New York volunteers should fall upon this, he will, no doubt recall Father Mooney and tho remarkable christening. "Gentlemen: It is with more than ordi nary pleasure I come forward to perform a ceremony which is not only pleasing to us all, but highly honorable. I may say a welcome prerogative to me, on this auspicious occasion and that Is the chris tening of the noble gun here on Fort Cor coran. In the kind providence of God It has been for me as a priest to baptize many a fine blue-eyed babe, but never had I brought "before me such a large, quiet healthy lad as this one Is. Indeed, I may remark, it has often occurred when pouring the water on the child's head, he opened his eyes and got a little more of tho baptismal water than he wished, but upon this occasion this noble son of a groat father has his mouth open, evident ly indicating that he is anxious to speak about something, which I have no doubt he soon will do. to the Joy of his friends and the terror of his enemies. I need not tell you that a mbst appropriate name has been given him, and tha't it Is that of your gallant commander. Colonel Hunter. Therefore, thi3 lusty youth will henceforth answer to his name the "Hunter gun. "Now, my friends, you all know how1 anxious friends listen to the first lisping of infant lips, and especially does the mother's heart swell with Joy when she catches the first utterance of her cher ished babe in the woods, 'Mama, mama!' but I promise you this lad shall first say 'Papa, papa, papa!' and that voice shall be as sweet music to all the household of Columbia, and a most horrible wail to all traitors; and thus may he soon and ever speak to the glory of the Stars and Stripes, and to the lasting honor of the old Sixty-ninth New York." C. E. CLINE. c THE ALASKA BOUNDARY. Present Troubles Dae to Past Care- Icssness. NEW YORK. Feb. 20. President T. C Mendenhall, of the Worcester, Mass., poly technic institute, formerly head of the United States geological survey, delivered a lecture last night in Chlckering hall be fore the Army Geographical Society on "The Alaska Boundary." In 1S92, Dr. Men denhall was a member of the commission that surveyed the line which this country contends divides Its northern possessions .from the Canadian Northwest territory. He said: "We are exceedingly lax In accurately fixing our boundaries, and in our disputes over them naturally with England on the whole we have lost The trouble has been lack of diplomatic training and the difference of the people, In 1867, when we bought Alaska from Russia, the same lan guage was used In the treaty as In that between Great Britain and Russia in 1825, and It Is ambiguous. The boundary of Lower Alaska was to run from the sum mit of mountain ranges parallel with the coast, never more than 10 marine leagues, or about 35 statute miles, from the coast There Is no range of parallel mountains, so the line must be located by leagues. "Great. Britain has contended that the coast means the coast of the islands. In that case she would have all of the coast line. Lately she has given up that claim, but seeks to get a harbor, most prob ably Pyramid harbor. There, I personally believe, she wishes to secure a naval base. Already she has in Esqui mault, on Vancouver island, one of the strongest stations, in the world; far. ahead of anything we have. Should she control Southeastern Alaska through An other naval key, sho would have chief command of the Pacific. "Lately both nations have been too busy with more important Immediate troubles, but within a few years the Alaska bound ary question will have to be settled. I hope the American people will not from sentimental or any other reasons, sur render what is theirs by right, and what, until the presence of precious metals In the region was discovered, they possessed without dispute. But If they submit It to arbitration they will again lose valuable territory, for they will have to contend against men of the highest diplomatic training, the most faithful devotion to duty that the world has yet known, and mon who, when their nation's trade is at stake, are absolutely regardless 6f every principle of honesty, Justice and inter national law." i Intimidation of Voters. LOUISVILLE, Feb. 20 In the cases of several persons arrested at the recent state election for alleged intimidation of negro voters, Judge Evans, In the United States court, overruled the demurrer of the defendants, which brought Into ques tion the Jurisdiction of the federal court. Judge Evans held that congress passed section 5507 of the United States statutes to protect the colored people In their right of suffrage, and section 55CS was passed to prevent persons from conspiring to in jure and oppress, thus insuring this class of voters the free exercise of their right of franchise; that congress had the power to pass such laws as the only real guar antee of liberty, and that it was the duty of the court to see that the provisions of the statutes were enforced. Value' of a. Painting;. NEW YORK, Feb. 20. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Treasures, in their an nual report, state the value of Turner's "Grand Canal, Venice," bequeathed to the museum by Cornelius Vanderbllt, as $100, 000. HOTEL ARRIVALS. THE PORTLAND. D A Johnson, Seattle IH C Smith, do R A B Young, Tacmoa Geo B Gray, Salem. Ledger Mrs J L Dunlop, do L Powell, N Y j Karl r5 Harbaugh, P Koenlgsberger, X Y Jilr & Mrs Abbott, Vane T O Hllbourn, ChlcagolJullus Gelsltr. Clnclnn Thos Doyle. Tacoma A F Ferris. Minn Vm "White, Lewlston Lyman R Lathrop.Chg AddU Gallagher, S F C H Pearse. San Fran Geo K Burton, Sah Fr Mr & Mrs Albert S Laflln. Chicago H B McQueen, N Y ' A Gendolla & wf, N Y David Hllger, wf & 2 ch, Lewlston, Idaho C XJick. San Francisco A D Graham, Chicago Capt Downs, USA, Astoria F B Johnson, Minn A N Hatter &. wf, Hel ena, Mont G H Southard. GrRpds O C BersbaoX Chicago G P Dekum, city Alva steveniL city T L Hamlin, city Benj Liniz, city Dr S O Llnklater, HlUsboro F T McHenry, N Y W G Relmer. Phlla G W Dorman, St Paul THB PERKINS. C H Ewln. Walla W IP D Gilbert, Albany A J Knight Colfax M D Smith, Sprague M Bollinger, Colfax j R "Woodley, Spokane R E Ferral, Hood RlvriF M Damon. Seattle F Cauthorn, city JMrs F M Damon, Seattl Mrs Cauthorn, city (Geo W Chapman, Seattl Miss Copel&nd, Houl- W W Bettman, Olytnpla ton. Or Luke Kearney. Tacoma T G Davis, "Walla "W S S Johnson, M D, Lewlston, Idaho E B "Wheat. Arlington Mrs J M Jackson, Spok J R Upson, St Paul P H Tynan, Portland H "W French, The Dalli D J Harris. Moro Chas Butler, Pt Townd A D Edgar, Alaska iJ H "Wood. The Dalles F J Martin, McMlnnvlJos Luckman, Heppner i v uates, nuiflDoro Mrs H V Gates, do "W H Smith. Tacoma H Ross, San "Fran R S Connor, Dallas Myrtle Montgomery. lA E Smith. Heppner I Mrs A E Smith, Heppnr Airs ju. u lumoan, Ar lington H O Arnold, Los Angls F s urquhart, Seattle T Thronson. Dalles Cornelius, Or J "W K&mage, Oakland,! "W T Dlckerman, San F Cal IC Clough, The Dalles A J Wolff. "Walla W Mrs Clough, The Dalles Miss Belle Parker, Spok "W T Spanowlck.Omaha A J Knight, Colfax E "W Brooks, Seattle M B Rankin, city J Borkman, Astoria Mrs J Borkman, do R B Habersham, do E B Stonerj Astoria "W B Stone, Astoria C O Anderson, Astoria B R Halpln, N Y Albert Dant, Dawson W C Smith, Churchill, Tenft Dr W A Cuslek Salem "W B Morse, Salem A B Little. Houlton H B Gillette. Rosiburg Frank wood. Chicago "W W Bettman,01ympa W Balllnger, Spokane W E Frailer, Albany c E Farnsworth, city THE ST. CHARLES. F A Jute. Salem J A Van Dernerker, F M Heldel, Hlllsboro, 111 C H Baldwin, city T E Smith, Eugene Mrs T E Smith, do J H Thomas. Eugene warnner Chas Broadsword, do Jos Cunningham, city Judge Jas McCain. Me. j Minnvllle iDr Spanish Jb wf, do j Harry Johnson & w.do T E Collls, Eugene J M Tocum. McMlnnvl Mrs Fiedler. Fishers. JT jj jsawaras, uaK rni. wasn Mrs J K Peterson, D "Wllkie, Oregon 'City P Peterson. Hood River Clifton J "Wilkinson, Astoria "Win Rehfeld, Astoria A Cappock. Astoria A B Coe, Salem S J Case. Salem I Peterson, Hood River J aarvey, Astoria Mrs Estella Werner, Stella v G Rhude, Gray's Rv Mrs Rhude, do Judge Dean Blanchard, Rainier A J Berry, Goble J A Johnson, Forest Gr Saml Aplin, Cornelius Bert Froman, Cornelius JosTllley. Wheatland Mrs Jos Riley, do Wm Graham, do John Gelger. do R A Sawyer. Clatskanl Geo Badger. Clatokanlc J M Phillips, sauvie's T H Phllllns. do G A Morgan, HUlaboro C E Morgan, do J C "Wendel, Salem M C Hosran. city Jefferson Nelson, Cath- lamet A A CrlselVWllsonville Mark Ely. do F "W Strowbridge, Ore gon City Mrs F W Strowbridge, Oregon City A L Beldlng, Astoria F E Dodge, Astoria Robt Rice, Astoria Chas Tompklra, do Joe Morgan, Astoria Fjank George St Hlns "W Bush, St Helens (Geo J Moody. MtPleasnt O ByKrcm, do C W Blakeley. St Helns Martin White, do G A St Earle, Blue Rvr H H Huddleston, do B B Herrick, Jr, Salem J S Kerr. Scott's Mills F Holmes, Oreton, Neb F G Price, Cedar Rpds G E Macon, do S F Smith. do B H Beacfi, city IF F Barnard. Vlento Bert Wilson, Rainier IWm Beck, Kelso Ji Wagner, waua w Hotel Donnelly. Tncomn. Eur.ve- plan; headquarters for com mercial men. Chilbers's restaurant In connection. Hotel Bntlcr, Scnttle. European. .-Rooms with or without bath. Ladles and gents' grillrooms in connection. Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant Stark street opp. Chamber of Commerce. WAR OF CORRESPONDENTS THE AXGLO-EOBR STRUGGLE IS SOT MORE PIERCE. Normnn-French Irishmen, With. An cestral Standing; in Liberty's Cause, HIjts Several Heads. SALEM, Feb. 19. (To the Editor.) The discussion of the AngIoBoer war has as sumed many and varied phases, and all that has been written on the subject, I am sure, has been productive of much good. It has caused the people to reflect upon and consider fully the rights of the English and the Boers in South Africa. It has caused them to consider England's treatment of America and the reasons why England undertook to assume control of the American colonies, and endeavor to drive our commerce from the seas, which led to the war of 1S12. England's v.clou3 treatment of Ireland has again been called to the attention of the American people. The causes which prompted Wallace and Bruce In Scotland to defend their homes against England's avaricious spirit have been rehearsed again, and the searchlight of Investigation has been centered upon her unjust usurpations In South Africa, and her efforts to crush the Boers in the name of civilization. The letter of Mr. Irvine, in a recent issue of your paper, was a discussion by him of matters Involved from an English standpoint, and, while he Is wrong and his opinions are due largely to environ ment, yet I am not disposed to criticise him harshly. Since he is a relative of John Mltchel, one of Ireland's most gifted sons, I am disposed to overlook some mistakes he has made. John Mltchel was convicted by the English government of treason-felony, and was one of the "foul mouthed agitators" to whom h thought lessly alludes. Mr. Mltchel came upon the scene In Ireland's history when she lay prostrate and bleeding from every pore. He espoused the cause of hl3 coun trymen and helped keep alive the spirit of patriotism when It seemed as It the genius of liberty were about to forsake the land where the people had so long treasured it with a devotion unparalleled in the history of the world. When the ship sailed for Bermuda, where John Mltchel was banished by the English gov ernment, it carried away one of God's noblemen, who gave his all and sacrificed every Interest for his country. While he would be considered a "spalpeen," "Igno ramus" and "mongrel" by the official class In Ireland, and their hangers-on and de pendents, yet he was an educated and cul tured gentleman, and one of the truest and bravest qf that brilliant galaxy of men known as the "Young Ireland party." When I consider what Mr. Irvine's dis tinguished relative has done for Ireland, I attribute his statements to a lack of knowledge of the history of Ireland and his pro-English education, which he re ceived at Trinity college, although there were some men who rose above their education received there, and became ar dent patriots of Ireland. As to your correspondent. Mr. Creagh, I was somewhat astonished, as well as 'grieved, with his letter of February 16. He can rest assured I entertain no Ill-will or hatred towards him or any individual Englishman, many of whom are good per sonal friends of mine. It Is the English system of government which I condemn. I regret exceedingly that a person who claims to be descended from the Illustrious O'Nells should have his name changed and Anglicized .Into Creagh. I pity as well as condemn this weakness of char acter While he has enlarged his vocabu lary of epithets, which he uses since his first letter, and calls me a "spalpeen," "Ignoramus" and "mongrel." yet my name on either side of my family has never been Anglicized. My father's and mother's people have ever opposed the tyranny of England, and, while my name was of Norman-French origin, yet the owners of It. after their settlement in Ireland, became "more Irish than- the Irish themselves," and their conduct, when the people of Wexford rose In 1798 to protect their homes and defend their rights against the usurpations of England, gives me a stand ing In the cause of liberty that your cor respondent cannot claim. They have been In sympathy with tho hopes and aspira tions of the Irish people since that date. A man who will change his name from that of the accomplished and princely Hugh O'Neil. and rejoice in that fact, lacks the elements of manhood that are necessary to make an Irish patriot It is regrettable that such Is the case, and that he never was duly appreciated by the English until he learned to betray the principles of the Irish peopTe. While he "boasts of his ancestors being at the siege or Limerick ana assisting the besieged. I am of the opinion that they were en deavoring to destroy Sarsfield and his brave men. If It were not so, if he had the true metal In his composition, he would have nothing but condemnation for the treachery of the English government that violated the treaty of Limerick and lmmedlatfly set about enforcing the nenal laws with a severity and flendishness never before witnessed. It was from th's time, he claims, his name was changed, showing that his ancestors proved them selves unworthy In every way of being freemen and worthy of liberty. When I visited Ireland, I d'd so with the idea of studying the Irish people. Outside of railroad travel I traveled more than 200 miles by Jingle and Jaunting car away from the railroad line, and had abun dant opportunity to examine into the sur roundings of the tenant farmers, and what I stated as to their condition In my letter of the 8th of February was true. The Irish people have never submitted to the robbery of their land; they have never acquiesced in It. Since England robbed them of it, why did she not long ago di vide up the land and create a tenant pro prietary, as in France and Belgium, there by makinar a prosperous and contented people? Why has she not granted con cessions and redresses, to which the peo ple were Justly entitled, after the long series of confiscations and repressive meas ures to which they were subjected? Your correspondent gleefully rpfers to the abolishment of the Irish parliament Does this degenerate son of Erin know that while the Irish parliament was In ex istence the manufactures of Ireland flour ished and great was the prosperity of the country? Does this Anglicized counterfeit Irishman know that after the destruction of the Irish parliament that Ireland's woolen Industries were crushed and the trade of her people destroyed? His state ment alone in regard to the Irish par liament shows the manner of man he Is, and how unworthy to be classed as an Irishman. Verily, I say, every drop of blood of the O'Neils, if there ever was any there, has oozed from his veins, and there is nothing left but English venom and spleen. He is one of the class of "Irish-English" who, if naturalized at all. swear allegiance to our country with a mentai reservation. Their idea is there is no country like England, and Ameri can civilization Is Inferior In every respect to so-called Anglo-Saxon civll'zatlon. Your correspondent does not seem, to realize that the same spirit that has ani mated England In her dealings with the Boers, under the pretense of civilizing these brave people, was the same spirit which prompted her to tindertake to civ ilize the colonies by exciting the Ameri can Indians to massacre our people; "that endeavored to enforce her commercial supremacy upon the colonists and im pressed our seamen, and caused us to thrash her a second time In 1812. Does he recall how. in the spirit of her civiliza tion, she fired upon the Chesapeake and took American sailors from this vessel, and murdered American seamen impris oned in Dartmoor prison in Devonshire? Does he not know that her refined meth ods of civilization are condemned by the world, s'nd, st th present time, as in the not. ? still rTnss to her old ways, wh'rh have not been changed "by time or rirrumptflnce. whlh nre griping, greedy and Avaricious? To tbese who are. power- ful, she crawls and cringes; the weak and defenseless she browbeats and threatens. Your correspondent well knows that Eng land tried for her own selfish ends to stir up 111 feelings between the Americans and Germans, while every one Is familiar with the fact that the most loyal friends that America has ever had have been Americans of German birth and descent This is what England calls diplomacy; but what honest men call treachery, and con demn. As an American, I am proud of my country, her progress and development Her civilization Is superior to any other. Believing In liberty in its purest and beet sense, my sympathies In this conflict are with 'the Boers. P. H. D'ARCY. INSIDE THE FILIPINO ARMY View Given by Letters In a Mnnlld Nevrspaper Recently.' WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. As a matter of fact, little is known of the Inside work ings of the Filipino army, especially as viewed from the Insurgent side, but the following article, taken from one of the Manila dallies, brings to light some In teresting facts that are not generally known: Tho Progreso Is publishing, under the heading "Letters From a Prisoner," some interesting Information regarding the in ner working of the Insurrection, the Fil ipino military organization, the press, Luna's assassination and other matters. The military organization has been re formed to some extent since General Lu na's death. Luna endeavored to concen trate in the army all the administrative service, with bad results. The Philippine army staff, which Is similar to that of Spain for Spanish ideas pursue the people as the shadow pursues the body Is composed of a captain-general (Senor Emlllo Agulnaldo), two lieutenant-generals (Senors Mariano Trias and Baldomero Agulnaldo), four generals of division (Senors Malvar, Rlcarte, Gar cia and Belarmlno), and about 24 generals of brigades. The territory of Luzon has been divided into two Teglons, northern and southern, both being directed from the central gov ernment As communication between the north and the southern region Is very difficult, the military governor of this part Is invested with ample power. When the war broke out, General Trias was In com mand of the southern region, but on the collapse of Mablnl's cabinet, Trias was appointed secretary of war, and Baldo mero Agulnaldo took command In the south. Baldomero's command lasted only three months, at the end of which Gen eral Trias returned. The southern, army consisted of two di visions, one under General Artemlo Rl carte, who chief of staff was Zialclta, and the other, the territorial militia force, occupied Camarlnes, Albay and Tayabos, where war had not yet commenced. Gen eral Belarmlno was in command of this division. RIcarte's division, which was - under Baldomero's Immediate orders, consisted of veteran troops from the Spanish regi ments, and they were "brigaded under Gen erals Callles, Norlel and Malvar. Several arsenals furnished the soldiers with ammunition, those establishments be ing under the direction of a well-organized commissary, at the head of which was General Paclano Rlzal, a brother of the famous doctor, and one of the most Intelligent of the Filipino generals. The hospitals In these provinces were much better than in other provinces. Agulnaldo made a great mistake in ap pointing General Pantaleon Garcia to be his chief of staff, for he Is perhaps the only Filipino general absolutely lacking In military talent. Circumstances made him a ringleader owing to the notoriety he gained by his cruelties toward the defense less prisoners in his charge. The army Is principally composed of infantry; some artillery, very little cavalry (only the es corts of the generals and the president's guard), a regiment of engineers; hospital corps, and the commissariat corps. Al most all of these forces are (or were) on the railway. The rebel infantry battalions are named after provinces. In adu'itlon there are six battalions of fusiliers created by the late General Luna. The Infantrymen are gen erally armed with Remington and Mauser rifles captured from the Spanish army, and with some single shot Mauser rifles bought from Hongkong by Agulnaldo. Tho main body of artillery was in the neighborhood of Tarlac when the move on that place was made by the Americans. It consisted of two Ki-Upp eight-centimeter guns, three Hontoria six-centimeter guns, two Maxim guna, three Nordenfelt 25-milllmetre, three Nordenfelt H-milll-metra guns, and several Colt's guns. All of these guns were under command of a Spanish artillery officer. Several foreign ers are enlisted in the insurgent army, their work being of great usefulness. There were two Englishmen In the artillery. One of them, a captain, probably Captain Law rence, was a great favorite of Plo del Pilar, with whom he has always acted. The other was a lieutenant, who was in charge of the batteries at Dagupan. Two Germans were also In command of some forces of Infantry in the southern region. SUEZ CANAL REGULATIONS. Asrreement by. Which Neutrality Is Guaranteed by All. The parallel instituted by the terms of the new treaty between the Suez- and the proposed Isthmian canal lends interest to the provisions of the Constantinople con vention of 1898, on which have been mod eled the rules for the government of the new Interoceanic waterway. The Con stantinople agreement was signed by rep resentatives of the governments of Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary. France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Holland and Turkey. Ita essential articles are as fol lows: Article L The Suez Maritime Canal shall al ways be free and open In time of war and In time of peace, to every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag. Conse quently the high contracting parties agree not in any way to interfere with the free use of the canal. In time of war as in time of peace. The canal shall never be subjected to the exer- r else of the right of blockade. Art. II. The high contracting parties under take not to Interfere in any way with the ee curity of that canal and Its branches, the workings of which shall not be exposed to any attempt at obstruction. Art. III. The high contracting parties like wise undertake to respect the plant, establish ments, buildings and works of the maritime canal and of the freeh-water canal. j Art. IV. The maritime canal remaining open in time of war as a free passage, even to the ships of war of belligerents, according to the terms of article I of the present treaty, the high contracting parties agree that no right of war, no act of hostility, or any act having for Us object to- obstruct the free navigation of the canal, shall be committed In the canal and Its ports of access, ae well as within a radius of three marine miles from those ports, even though the Ottoman empire should be one of the belligerent powers. Vessels of war of belligerents shall not re vlctual or take In stores In the canal and its ports of accees, except in o far as may be strictly necessary. The tracclt of the afore said vessels, through the canal shall be ef fected with the leaet possible delay. In accord ance with the regulations in force, and with out any other Intermission than that resulting from the necessities of the service. THelr stay at Port Said and in the roadstead of Suei 6hall not exceed 24 hours', except In case of distress. In "such case they shall be bound to leave as soon ao possible. An Interval of 24 hours shall always elapse between the sailing of a belliger ent ship from one of the ports of access r.d the departure of a ehlp belonging to the hce ile power. Art. "V. In time of war belligerent powers shall not disembark or embark within the canal pxA Its ports of access either troops, mu nitions or materials of war. But in case of an accidental hindrance In the canal, men may be embarked or disembarked at the ports of ac cess by detachments not exceeding 1000. men, with a corresponding amount of war material. Art "VX Prizes shall be subjected. In all re- Happy v am who have been relieved of painful menstruation by Lydia E Pinkham's Vege table Gompotsnd, ar con stantly writing gratefui letters to Mrs Pinkhani Lydla E. Plnkham'i Vegetable Compound cured thotnm it always relieves painful periods and no woman who suf fers should ho without this knowledge Nearly all the ills of women result from some derangement of tho female organisms tiffrs Pinkham's great medi cine makes women healthy? of this there is overwhelming proof m Don't experiment if you suffer get this medi cine and get Mrs Pink ham's free advice Her address Is Lynn, Mass specta, to the same rules as the vessel cf war of belligerents Art. VII. The powers shell not keep any vessel of war in the waters of the canal (In cluding Lake Tlmsah and the Bitter Lakes). Nevertheless, they may station, vessels of war In the ports of aceess of Po Said and Suez, the number of which shall not exceed two for each power. This right shall not be exereteed by belligerents. Art. VIII. The agents in Egypt of the sana tory powers of the present treaty shall be charged to watch over its execution. In case of any event th'-eatenlng the security of the free passage of the canal, they shall meet on the summons of three of their number under the presidency of their doyen, in order to proceed to the neceary verifications. They shall In form, the khedlval government of the danger which they may have perceived. In order that that government may take proper steps to In sure the protection and the free use of the canaL Under any circumstances they shall meet once a year to take note of the din; exe cution of the treaty. They shall especially de menti the suppression of any work or toe dis persion of any assemblage on either bank of the canal, the object or effect of which might be to interfere with the liberty and the entire security" of the navigation. Art. XII. The high contracting- parties, by application of the principle of equality as re gards the free use of the canal, a principle which forms one of the bases of the present treaty, agree that none of them shall endeavor to obtain with respect to the canal territorial or commercial advantages or privileges in any International arrangements which may be con cluded. Moreover, the rights of Turkey as the territorial power are reserved. Art 'XVI. The high contracting parties un dertake to bring- the present treaty to the knowledge of the states which have not signed It. Inviting them to accede to It. i o "Allen," Citizenship Again. PORTLAND, Feb. 19. (To the Editor.) To settle a dispute, will you kindly an swer the following questions: First Is a man necessarily a citizen of the flag under which he is born? Second Is the son of a British subject born while his parents were in this coun try,, a citizen of this country, after a resi dence of 21 years, his parents still hold ing allegiance to Great Britain? A. L. HASSLER. First Yes, provided he follows the flag. Second Yes. i a For the Junction City Burglary. TACOMA, Wash., Feb. 20. Sheriff With ers, of Lane county, Oregon, took the noon train for Portland, with Peter Mc Donnell, wanted at Junction City, Or., for burglary. He drove to Roy station, 20 miles out of the city, to escape being served with a writ of habeas corpus. Pretty boxes and odors are used to sell such soaps as no one would touch if he saw them un disguised. Beware of a soap that depends - on something outside of it. Pears', the finest soap in the world is scented or not, as you wish; and the money is in the merchan dise, not in the box. All sorts of stores, sell it, especially druggists; all sorts of people are using it NO PAIN! NO GAS! No charge for painless extraction when teeth are ordered. All work done by graduate dentists of 12 to 20 years' experience; a specialist la each department. "We will tell you In advance exactly What your work wlM east by a free examination. Give us a call, and you wilt find we do exactly as we advertise. , Set of Teeth 4 $5.00 Gold Fllllnor $1-00 Gold Crows... $5.0 Silver Filling 50 New York Dental Parlors San. Franclpio Office, 723 Market eL, second floor History building-. PORTLAND 05TTCE K. L Cor. Fsirti as Htrrhii Strsis Hccia S to S; Sundays, 10 to 4. THE PALATIAL ehimi euiu Not a dark efflee la the bnllillnsij absolatcly firepreef; eleetrle liRhtij and artesian water; perfect sanlta! tlsn and taraHgh ventilation. Etc valors ran day and night. HoOlTUL) ANDERSOX. GOSTAY. Attameyat-Law 638 ASSOCIATED Hl; M. L. FowelU Mgt Svi BANKERS LIT ASSOCIATION, of D,s Moines. la.; C. A. MeCwgar. state Azenc 602 41 BKHXXK. H. V.. Pita. PwaJn Shorthand Shee ....... ........ ................. 2ill BENJAMIX, R. W.. Beattet 311 BINSWANOER. DR. a 8., hys. & Sur U 4121 BRUXRX. DR. 8. .. PkyaMu .412-413 418 BL STEED. RICHARD. Aot Wilson & M Caltey Tobacco Co U.2 GC3S CAUKUf, G. B.. Dtotrtat Ageat Trareiers Insuraaes Ce TI3J CARDWELL. DR. J. B... 0061 CLAKK. HAROLD. Seatlat 311 CLEM. K. A. & CO.. Mining Properties. B1S-3. COLUMBIA TELETHONS COMPANY . . - 604-9-60-607-S13-Ut'S19 CORNELIUS. C. W., Phys. aad Surgeon. . 206 1 COVER. 7. C,, Cubler Eonltsble Life . 3091 COLLIER, p. K.. PHOBsnor; 3. P. McQmre. Manager . .... ..415-inS DAY, J. a & I. X 3131 DAVIS, NAPOLEOK. PresWnt Columbia. Telephone Co ., 607 UiCKSON. DR. J. K.. Pkystetan T13 "US DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Pbystctaa. . 512 313' DUNHAM. MRS. OEO. A. TUB DWTER. JAS. P. Tobeoaos t 4C3J EDITORIAL ROOMS , EighJi fioori EQIJITABLB LIF3 ASSURANCE SOCIETY, Is Samuel. Manager; F. C. Cover, rash er 30tl EVENING TELEOKAX.. 32S Alder street! FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon W :ial FENTON, DR. HICKS C. Eye and Ear .. 31 tj FENTON. MATTHEW T.. DeaMst -...3061 FIDELITY MUTUAL UFE ASS'N. E. C Stark, Manager .- eOll FRENCH SCHOOL 0y eoaversatlon) , Dr. A MuzzarelH, Manager . 709I GALVAXI. W. H.. Ssgteeer and Draughts- man ..... -. 000 1 GEARY. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and Surgeoa 2T2 ?13l CISSY. A. J.. Physic! and 3orson .. 7.9 Till GODDARD, E. C &. CO., Pootwear ground fleer :28 ix i s ret: GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat an Life Jnaaraoce Co.. of New York 09 "Jtl GRANT, FRANK S.. Attorney-at-law .... 6IT1 GRBNIER. MISS BEATRICE. Dentist... T.3 HAMMOND. A B 3101 HEIDINGER. GEO. A. it CO.. Pianos and Prgana . 131 Slx'h Si HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Sur? . 504303 1 IDLEMAX. C M.. Attorney-at-Law 413-1- a KADY. MARK T.. Manager Pacific Nortii- west Mtttual Reserve Fund Life Am. 604-0031 LAMONT. JOHX. Vlee-Prsa4dnt and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co . eost LrTTLEFTBLD. H. R.. Phys asd Surgeon 2041 MACRUM. W. S.. See. Oregon Camera Cub 211 MACKAY. DR. A. B.. Ffcyo. and Surg ..TU-Tlll MAXWELL, DR. W. E.. Phys. & 3urg 70t 2-3l MeCARGAR. C A. State Agent Bankers' Life Asseetattea 302-Br MeCOX. NKWTON. Attorney-at-Law TLSi McFADEX. MISS IDA E.. 3tenograpier 2011 MeGIXX. HENRY E.. Attomey-at-Law 211 3131 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers' Representa- Uve ... ... 303J MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and Oral Surgeon , , 603-6091 MOSFMAX. DR. E. P.. Dentist... 312-313-314S MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. of New York; w. Goldman. Manager . . 209-219 1 MeELROY. DR. J. G.. Phys. & Surg 701-702-703 1 MeFARLAND. E. B. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co.... .. . ..eoaj McGUIRB. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier Publisher ..., 415-4191 McKTM. MAURICE. Attomey-at-Law. 300 i MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York: Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr 404-406-409 1 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N. 31. T. Kdy. Mgr. Pacific Northwest.. 604-6031 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at Law 713 XILEg. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In. uraaee Co.. of New York..... . .. . 203 OREGON INFmMARY OF OSTEOPATHY Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath 408-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB... . 214-215-21 217 J PERNIX SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W. Behske. Prte ..j. .21J! POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York 404-406-40" PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY ....Ground floor, 133 Sixth street PORTLAND PRESS CLUB .. . . 7W PROTZMAX EUGENE C. Superintendent Agencies Mtttual Reserve Fund Life, of New York PUTNAM'S SONS. G. P.. Pirtlliihers .. SIS QITMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden ... 716-1T REED i &,3tALCOLMtr0pttetns.. 133 Sixth street REBP.'JP. C,' Fteh Cftiwntiwtener 40T RYAN, J. B.. Attorney-at-law 417! bALI'BURY. GEO. X.. Section Director, V S. Weather Bureau .. 919 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life .. 309 BAXDFOP.D A. C. CO . Publishers' A?ts. B13 SCRIBXFR'S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers; Jes-e Hneson. Manager SlS-Sf-SlT SHERWOOD, J. W. Denaty Supremo Com mander. K. O. T. M SIT SMITH. DR. L B.. Osteopath.. . .. 408-409 SONS OF THE" AMERICAN REVOLrTTV 500 STARK. E. C. Executive "peclal. F'dellty Mutual Life Association of Phlla .Pa 601 j STARR COLS Pyrogranhy 403 i STEEL. G. A . Foreet Inspector .... 218 STUART. DELL. Atorney-at-Law ..613-61111- STOLTE. DR CHA E.. Dentist . 704 703 SURGEON OF THB 3. P. RY. AXD X P TERMINAL CO 709 STROWBRIDGE. THW H.. Executlvu Spe cial Agent Mutual LKe. of New York. . 4M RtrPERrXTEMDEVT'S OFFICE J"! TUCKER. DR OEO F.DenMst.. . 610 61' U S WEATHER BUREAU HOB-907 30S-9C ! U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U S. A 209 U. S. ENGIXEER OFFICE. RIVER AV75 HARBOR 1MPROVZMEXTS. Captain W C Lanefltt. Corps of Engineer. U. S A 31 WALKER. WILL K.. President Oregon Camera Club 214-215-213-217 WATERMAX C H.. Cashier Mutual Life of New York 406 WATKINS. Mtw E. L., Purchafltng Agency 710 1 WEATHERRED. MRS. BVYTH. Grand Sec rtaryXatlve Daughters 76-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Aost See. Oregon Cam era Chib 2M WILSON. DR. EDWAR X.. Phys. & Sur 304-J WILSON. IR- GBO F.. Phjrs. Surg 706-717 WILSON. DR. HOLT C Phys. Surg 507-309 WXLSON & MoCALLAY TOBACCO CO Rtrhard Busteed. Aaent 602-003 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Payatetan. .412-413-41 WILLAMETTB VALLEY TELEPH. CO.... .613 A few nore elejcont efflcen may lie hail by applying te Portland Trust Company- of Oregea, X Third at.. o to the rent cleric 1b the balltltag;. MEX XO CURE. NO PAY THE MULE-. APPLIANCE A posltirs way to perfect manhood. Everything etac falte. The VACUUM TREAT MENT CURES you without mediclD ot aK nervous or diseases of the generative organs, such as lost maaboed. exaaaatteg drains, varico cele, isapnteacy. etc. Men ate autckiy restored to perfect ttealth and strength. Write for circulars. Carresnonoeace ooaflrn- tlaL THE HEALTH APFMAHCS CO.. rooa 17143 Safe Deeestt buMMaa. SeatO. wua.