10
- TH33 - MOxfelffG QREflONlAff r frftlt) AY, FEBRUARY 9, 1900.
GRASS FOR FORAGE
"ftedf jriff kxesOf attqh
s on the
Pacific Coast.
PRODUCTIONS OF THE RANGES
Q,Het)lea, eX Firlgr( f the Drifting
Sands tlekg tihc.0lBWtbIa River
aa Impertaat Oae.
The efMtrtat of agrfeiitttu-e has freaa
time to ttee o&rried on Investigations of
the graeee on the Pactnc coast, but the
fltvt reallr systematic work of t.s kind
dates Iron a visit made to thU section by
F. LaoMon-ftcribfler In the season ot lfcfcS.
On thle trip a number of the more lmjMr
tant localities were visited, peclal at
tention being devoted to the Investigation
of the present conditions and needs of the
range reion of central and eastern "Wa.h
lncton and Oregon and the areas subjected
to the shitting ano alone: the coast rogiou
and at various jMrints alone the Columbia
river.
Iu a report on the "Orase and Forage
Plant Inveetieatfone on the Pacific Coast,"
Just issued br the department of agricul
ture, Mr. L&awon-Scribner says that
throughout the drier sections east of the
Cascades, (he carrying capacity of the
range has been very much reduced
through drought and overstocking, and
one of the question of greatest impor
tance 4n due region has to do with the im
1 provement of the range and bringing it
back, if possible, to Its original productive
ness The present worn-out condition has
undoubtedly resulted from a comb nation
of circumstances. During the years when
the ranges were at their period of great
est productiveness, they were grazed to
their utmost capacity, and upon the ad
vent of the series of dry seasons, which
naturally resulted in light yields of forage.
It was necessary to overgraze in order to
keep the stock alive. Then, again, the
open winters made it possible to keep the
stock on the range a much greater Krtton
of the year than previously, and close
grazing followed at a season when the
grasses could least endure it namely, in
early spring. The graw was given no op
portunity to recuperate, and the present
worn-out condition of the ranges resulted.
The large number of horses which have
ranged over some sections of the country
have had much to do with the present de
pleted condition, while In other sections
much injury has been caused by sheep. To
any one visiting these grazing regions it k
at once apparent that drought-resisting
graes and forage crops were of the utmost
importance as well as improved methods
of range management. In many sections
the native grasses have been driven out
and their places taken by weeds to &uch
an extent that reseedmg is about the only
way that the lands can be restored to any
thing like their original productiveness. To
do this, grasses and forage crops capable
of enduring severe brought and other
hardships are necessary. It seemed de
sirable to select some point or points
where experiments could be conducted,
having for their object the testing of
drought-resisting grass and forage crops
and of the range conditions. With this end
in view, a number of localities were visit
ed. At Yakima and Walla Walla, both In
the State of Washington, it was found
that some work had already been under
taken; that at the former place under the
auspices of the Northern Pacific Railway
Company, and that at Walla Walla by the
Oregon Railroad ft Navigation Company.
The officials of each of these companies
expressed a readiness to co-operate with
the department in continuing in this work
of testing grasses and forage crops and
range Improvements, and went so far aa
to offer to turn over for the use of the de
partment the lands occupied by their re
spective experiment stations and any oth
ers that might be deemed suitable or nec
essary tor making such tests. For the
station at North Yakima thus offer In
cluded tools, team and other appliances
used at the station. These offers seeming
to afford a desirable opportunity to carry
on these much-needed investigations, their
acceptance was recommended. This rec
ommendation meeting with the approval
of the secretary, the division took charge
of the experimental work at these places,
and special efforts were made to collect In
quantity the seed of native grasses and
forage crops that seemed so desirable to
be tested in connection with the work of
range Improvement.
The Investigations on the Pacific slope
were continued durinc the season of 1889,
both in the field and at North Yakima,
Walla Walla, Rowena and other points.
The agrostologist and two other members
of the office force of the division staff
spent a considerable portion of the sum
mer in the field studying the native
grasses of the region and other questions
connected with the forage problem.
At various points along the Immediate
coast and on the Columbia river the
question of fixing the drifting sands is an
important one. and much time has been
spent in studying the conditions which
exist there, and in endeavoring to secure
practical mean6 of holding the shifting
sands in place. At some points along the
river the sand occurs in such abundance
and drlwfts so badly that it Is a decided
menace to orchards and farm crops In
the Immediate vicinity, and seriously im
pedes traffic by forming drifts over rail
roads and ether avenues of commerce. In
the course of our investigations a number
of native plants have been discovered
which promise to be of great value as
sandbinders, and some of them also as
sources of forage.
Among the more Important of these na
tive sand-binders are: Seaside, or As
toria, blue grass (Poa macrantha); sand
blue grass Poa lecyenbyl); sea lyme
grass (Elymnue arenarious); yellow lyme
grass (Elymnue ftavescene); small sand
lyme (Elymus arenicolus), similar to the
preceding; and a sand -binding sedge
(Carex macrocephala). Other grasses that
are being tested a to their value as sand
bindera In this region are big sand grare
K'alamovtlfa logifolla). Marram grass
(Am mo phi la arenaria), Bermuda grass
(Cynodon dastylon), and Johnson grass
(Sorghum halapense).
Erperlmoats at Xertk Yakima anil
Walla. Walla.
In the experiments undertaken at North
Yakhna and at Walla Walla, a large
number of grasses and forage plants have
been tested as to their ability to with
stand drought, and, in many cases, aleo
have beer grown under Irrigation. As far
as possible these stations have been used
in the production of seed to be distributed
to the different points in the region where
their value under existing conditions can
be tested. At North Yakima the land used
in these experiments, although rich. Is
quite rocky, aad hence difficult to culti
vate, and the general conditions are much
loaK favorable than thoee which prevail at
Yl alia Walla. At the latter place, the e-l
is a rich, volcanic ash, and In fine condi
tion for the various operations connected
with cultivation, and Is so graded that Ir
r gatlon may be resorted to when neces
sary During the present year a consid
erable amount of seed has been produced,
particularly at the Walkt Walla station,
and this wilt be used in our Investigations
for the catnlrg year.
Varieties.
In the experiments made at Walla Walla
during the past year about ISO varieties
of grasses and forage crops have been
tested These include most of the com
monly cultivated sorts, varieties recently
Introduced by the department of agricul
ture through Its special agents in foreign
countries, and many native species, par
ticularly those of the Rocky mountains
or.d the region east of the Cascades. Most
of the seeding was done during: the first
holf of April.
. the vaiiet es tested some or more
haf shown thmselvr to b adapted to
UC ceotfrions. -ahj h prevail In the North- J
4
west and have In most cases given ex
eellent results without artificial watering
of any sort. These Include varieties adapt
ed to .all the various uses in feed.ng stock;
varieties "suitable for- the ordinary mea
dows and pastures, and also those adapt
ed for ue on the drier uplands. They
also include annual varieties suitable tor
Ui in short rotations and varieties adapt
ed to soils strongly impregnated w th
alkali. The. dommon clover.', particularly
alsike and mammoth red clover, have
given very satisfactory results, and the
same may be said legarding timothy,
meadow tcecuc and tall meadow oat-grass.
Smooth brome grass has produced the
same excellent results here that it has
given elsewhere in the -Northwest, and
gives promise of being to the drier sections
of this region what 'the blue grass 13 to
Kentucky and timothy Is to the northern
stated. Of the more recent Introductions
the Japanese wheat grass promises to be
of great value, particularly for winter
pasturage, while the varlet es of alfalfa
from Turkestan and Northern Africa seem
to possess great powers of adaptability to
the conditions which prevail In the sml
arkl legions.
Some of the best results have been se
cured from our native grasses. A species
of brome, closely related to the rescue
crass, has given good yields of seed and
forage, and seems likely to prove as val
uable for the Pacific coast as rescue grass
is for the South. Several of the native
wheat grasses show wonderful adapta
bility to cultivation, and are destined to
assume an important place en our list of
forage-productlng plants. Four of these
deserve especial mention, namely: West
ern wheat grass (Agropyron splcatum),
meadow wheat grass (A. pseudorepens),
slender wheat grass (A. tenerum) and
bunch wheat grass (A. dlvereens). The
first three spscles are suitable for mead
ows, and may be grown either with or
without irrigation. The bunch wheat
grass is a native of the dry uplands, and
Is likely to prove one of the best grasses
for reclaiming the worn-out ranges. The
plants thrive under conditions of extreme
drought, and afford excellent pasturage
for all kinds of stock. This Is the bunch
rrars of the great grazing regions west
of the Rocky mountain.?, and formerly
occupied extensive areas, affording much
pasturage. Another native grass which
does well under cultivation, and which
will undoubtedly prove valuable In reseed
lng the ranges. Is blue grama, known In
Montana as buffalo grass. It Is perfectly
hardy, responds quickly to cultivation, re
sists trampling of stock, and affords first
class grazing. Under favorable conditions
of soil and moisture It may also be cut
for hay. This grass, however, has one
drawback. In that the seeds are difficult to
handle In the various harvesting and
seeding operations.
Of the annual grasses, Japanese barn
yard millet and black Russian broomcorn
millet are most deserving of special men
tion. Both of these made excellent yields
of forage and seed, and are of undoubted
value to this section.
In addition to the above - mentioned
grasses and forage plants which may be
regarded as of undoubted value to the Pa
cific coast region, about 20 sorts wert
successfully grown at Walla Walla last
season, but further experimentation In
necessary to decide as to their real value.
Most of these, while they made a good
growth of foliage, elthed failed to pro
duce seeds or showed other characters
which may possibly exclude them from
the list of varieties of practical utility
for general cultivation. Johnson grass
made a good yield of forage, but is oo
jectionable to some because of its habit
of growth, which, In the South, renders
It at times a serious pest In cultivated
fields. Both big bluestera and bushy blue
stem thrive under cultivation, but it is
quite difficult to secure seeds that will
germinate. The Metcalfe bean made an
excellent growth,' covering the ground
thickly with Its leaves and stems, and
produced flowers, but did not mature
seed. It showed great sensitiveness to
frost and stock did not seem to relish the
forage obtained from It. Gram, or chick
pea, and lentil produced good crops of
seed and may prove valuable for use iu
connection with grain and other feed
stuffs in fattening stock.
Quite a number of other grasses, some
20 In all, gave results of sufficient prom
ise to deserve further study and experi
mentation. These include a number ot
the indigenous species of poa, elymus,
paspalum ana muhlenburgla. which in
their native condition are valuable for hay
and pasturage. The more important ot
these are mutton grass (poa fendolerlana),
smooth bunch grass (poa laevigata), Wyo
ming blue grass (poa wheelerll). Canadian
lyme grass (elymus canadensis), smooth
paspalum (paspalum laeve), and wild tim
othy (Muhlenbergla racemosa).
Of the sand-binding grasses which were
tested during the season, Marram grass
has made a fine growth and will, no
doubt, prove as valuable here as It Is on
the Atlantic coast. Bitter panic grass
(panlcum amarum). made a good growth,
but failed to. mature seed, and for this
reason may prove to be of less value here
than It is along the coast of the Southern
states. Reed canary grass (phalarls ar
undinacea) has made an excellent show
ing, particularly In situations that are
liable to be submerged for some time; for
example, along the Columbia river. Even
where submerged six weeks during the
summer, excellent growth was made early
In the spring and late in fall, affording
a large amount of forage. In addition
to serving as a sand and soil binder, this
grass has also made, a good showing on
the drier land of the experimental plots
at Walla Walla, and also at Pullman on
the grounds of the state experiment sta
tion. Small sand lyme grass (elymus
arenicolus) has made an excellent growth
at Walla Walla from roots transplanted
from Grant, Oregon, Indicating that It
will grow on ordinary soil as well as dry,
sandy ground, where It occurs naturally.
It will undoubtedly be of great value as
a sand binder. Big sand grass (calamovil
fa longlfolla, has not given very gob'd re
sults and may prove unsuitable to the
conditions which prevail on the Pacific
coast. Seaside bluegrass (poa macrantha)
has given excellent results wherever tried
and, especially at the Walla Walla station,
seemed to endure the hot, dry weather
perfectly. In addition to being one of
the best native sand-binders of the coast
region, this grass gives promise of being
of great value for forage. Seed sown on
the sand dunes of the Great Lake region
the past season made a good showing,
Indicating the. possibility of introducing
this grass Into the sandy regions of the
interior. Indian millet (erlocoma cuspi
data), although not coming very well
from the seed, shows Indications of be
ing valuable as a sand-binder, especially
on relatively high and dry situations. Al
though the forage is rather harsh, it Is
often eaten by stock which are especially
fond of the rather abundantly produced
seeds.
Mr. A. B. Leckenby writes to the Agros
tologist, under date of December 11, 18P9:
"I am delighted to tell you that the
Elymus arenarius Is a grand success,
where the water does not remain on It
toe long, aSjIsalso, Elymus arenicolus
and Elymus flavescens'. You would be
.delighted to see the grasses growing
through seven feet of drifting sand. The
Elymus arenarius Is particularly pleasing
because of Its luxuriant growth. I planted
about one acre with Elymus fiavescen3
Thursday and Friday, with roots procured
from The Dalles. I am sending you by
same mail some roots of this same grass."
Of the various ?altbushcs tested. Aus
tralian saltbush (Atriplex semlbaccata)
lias given the best results of any of the
introduced sorts, and white or sweet sage
(Eurotla lanats) is most promising of the
native series. The latter grows naturally
on the dry, sterile soils of the ranges and
adapts Itself readily to cultivated condi
tions, producing an abundance of seed. It
will undoubtedly prove of great value for
use in reclaiming the worn-out ranges.
In November some very interesting ob
servations were made at the Walla Walla
-station regarding the behavior of differ
ent grasses and forage crops toward the
early frosts. A variety of brome grass
secured at Portland, Or., was not at all
Injured by the early frosts and remained
freh and green whl e nearlv related va
rieties from the Rocky mountains suffered
quite severely. Seaside bie grass arid
other of the Poas. or blue grasses, showed
little, if any, onto s of tin $ frosts, whiie
the grama, grasses and the blaestems early
became dry and b orf. Pearded wheat
grass (Agropyron canimtn) remained
fresher and greeie r than either slender
wheat grass or "?7estern wheat grass.
Giant rye grass (EI;mus comdensatus) was
Injured while other rye rrasses, such as
Canadian rye grriss and Terrell .grass,
were very sllghtli aff5Cted. Turkestan
, alfalfa was not Injured at all, while Oasis
anaiia, irom -ainca, euuerea consider
ably, and the corrtaioriy grown variety of
alfalfa was slightly injured. Such annuals
as bur clover, lei 1K nnd gram were not
Injured, indicating? tirelr possible value for
fall and earl$ winter 1 grazing. Smooth
brome and drcf on. brorao Avere not at a.l
Injured, and wjre growing finely.
Judging from the results of the experi
ments conducted at 2$orth Yakima and
Walla. Wal a. and the Information acquired
through personal observation of our own
field agents and correspondents who are
co-operating' with the division, the follow
ing grasses may be suggested as avail
able for use In the Upper Pacific coast
region:
Grassesjind c Hovers for permanent mead
ows and pastures where the average con
ditions of soil atid climate prevail Alslke,
mammoth clove.:, meadow fescue (Festuca
pratensls), red fescue (Festuca rubra),
reed fescue (Fe etuca arundinacea), tall
meadow oat gras h (Arrhenatherum elatl
us), Western whe. it grass (Agropyron spl
catum), meadow vheat grass (Agropyron
pseudorepens), slerUer wheat grass (Agro
pyron tenerum), s Tiooth brome (Bromus
Inermls), Kentucky blue grass (Poa pra
tensls), perennial r re grass (Lo.lum per
enne), Turkestan aliSalfa (Medlcago sativa
var Turkestanlca).
As deserving of ttrlal Wild timothy
(Muhlenbergla racemosa), bearded wheat
grass (Agropyron enniaum), smooth bunch
grass (Poa laevigata), mutton grass (Poa
fendleriana), Terrell grass (Elymus vlr
ginlcus), Wyoming blue .grass (Poa wheel
erll), pale bunch grass Poa luclda), and
I Oasis alfalfa.
Hardy annuals Rescue, grass (Bromus
unlololdes), Japanese barniard millet
(Panicum crusgalll), Japanese wheat grass
(Brachypodium JapoailcumX bCack Russian
broom corn millet tPanicitam, miliaceum),
bur clover (Medlcago dentbuu.ata), spring
vetch (Vlcla sativa), hairy vetch (V,icia
villosa).
The following are suggestfcd for further
trial:
Crowfoot or goose grass (Eleusine lndi
ca), African millet (Eleusiiio coracana),
gram (Clcer arietlnum), lentil (Ervum
lens).
Grasses for the dry uplands Blue grama
(Bouteloua ollgostachya), sideoatE grama
(Bouteloua curtlpendula), bunch wheat
grass (Agropyron dlvergens), Ievada blue
grass (Poa nevadensls). sheep fescue
(Festuca ovlna). King's fescue (Festuca
kingil), white or sweet sage (Eurolla
lanata), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa),
smooth brome.
Sand Binders Sea lyme grass CEftj-mus
arenarius), slender sand lyme " grass
(Elymus arenicolus), yellow lyme r grass
(Elymus flavescens), Astoria blue grass
(Poa macrantha), lieckenby's blue grass
(Poa leckenbyl).
WHY ENGLAND IS ISOLATED.
Continental Antlpntby to Britacu Hns
Some Baxls in Fact.
Chicago Times-Herald.
Why was there jubilation in the capitals
of Europe yesterday, when the news of
a humiliating reverse to British arms in
South Africa swept like an electric wave
around the world?
Was it because the courts of Europe
sympathize with the Boers in th3ir. so
called struggle for liberty? Was. it be
cause Europe naturally sympathizes with
the weaker nation or people in such a
struggle?
Neither the courts nor people of Europe
have ever shown any such sympathy. Eu
rope fiddled while the Turk slew more
Armenians than there are Boers of mili
tary age In the Transvaal.
The true reason for European jubilation
over British disasters is to be found in:
Hatred of republican England.
Envy of commercial England.
Jealousy of colonial England.
There Is not a court In Europe whers
the English system of a government re
sponsible to the people, which rejects the
Idea of the divine right of kings and de
rives Its authority to rule and to tax from
the people, Is not held In official abhor
rence. For more than a century Eng'and has
been the sanctuary for the oppressed ref
ugees of Europe and Its free press has
held the torch of liberty and popular gov
ernment before the eyes of the over
taxed helpless millions of the Continent.
A short table of the commerce of the
British empire and of Europe In 189S will
explain why the latter Is consumed with
Inextinguishable envy of the former:
Commerce of British empire;
United Kingdom ?3, 823 000,000
India 505,000,000
Straits Settlements 265,000,000
Ceylon 60,000,000
Cape Colony 170,000,000
Australia 615,000,000
Canada - 235,000,000
British West Indies 55,000.000
Oceanlca 300,000,000
Other British possessions........ 200,000,000
Total
Commerce of Europe
Germany
France
Holland
..$6,318,000,000
...$2,080,000,000
... 1,440,000 000
... 1.240.000,000
Belgium 650,000,000
Russia 640,000.000
Austria 620,000.000
All other Europe 2,135,000,000
Total , $S.S03,000,000
These two tables disclose the true rea
son for such European jubilation over
British reverses as Is not Inspired by the
hatred of free government. They also
show why Germany,, France and Russia
are Jealous of the British colonial empire.
The United States is without the pale
of this jubilation of European hatred,
envy and jealousy. The government of
the United Kingdom canriot be too repub
lican to suit the ideas of Intelligent Amer
icans. Its commerce cannot be so exten
sive as to excite our envy, because we
profit by the lion's share in that com
merce. Its colonial conquests do not
move us to Jealousy because our relations
with British colonies are almost as profit
able as England's own.
In 1S96 nearly one-fifth of the commerce
of the United Kingdom was with the
United States and nearly one-fourth of its
Imports were bought from us.
The following table for the last fiscal
year shows why any disaster that might
seriously affect the British empire is
viewed with the deepest concern In every
community In the United States:
United States Imports and exports
British empire J207.1S2.04S S652.274.475
Continental Europe... 235,413,016 424,904.684
From these figures it Is manifest that
the only nation the United States can af
ford to see profit at the expense of the
British empire Is the United States.
This is the reason why there was not
and will not be any jubilation in America
outside of purely sentimental and Anglo
phobe circles over British reverses in
South Africa.
Anything approchlng a world-convulsing
catastrophe to English power and
prestige In South Africa will be felt in
e.very industrial center and agricultural
district in the United States.
The eag'e wntches the baiting of the lion
with an eye keenly alive to the passions
of fear, hatred, envy and jealousy that
stir nations as they do the beasts of the
field.
S in i in-
Minister Lord's Hot Time.
Albany Democrat.
Ex-Governor Lord has certainly struck
a hot proposition in South America, In
Buenos Ayres recently there were 219
cases of sunstroke, of which 134 had
proven fatal. The mercury was 120 in the
shade. Oregon Is good enough for us.
THE BANKRUPTCY LAW
COMMI2XTS AXD SUGGESTIONS
THE ATTtmXEY-GEN'EIlAl..
OP
Recommendations to Withdraw Fn-
vor.i of the Law From MeyWlio
Repeatedly Become Bnnkrnnt.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.-After a trial
of a jyear and a' half of" the bankruptcy
law, aurlngwbJch' time Mhe measure has
been "'extensively tested' and In many lp
stances been taken advantage of, the attorney-general
makes the following com
ments and suggestions as to its operation:
"While the propriety of suggesting
amendments to the federal bankruptcy
law by this department may be ques
tionable, It Is perhaps not Inappropriate
to place before congress such observations
as may have been presented to our atten
tion through contact with those having
to do with its execution and that may
have been gained fiom a careful study of
Us provisions, for such action and con
sideration as may be deemed expedient.
As a rule,, the present law carefully
guards the interests of the debtor class,
while the same can hardly be said to be
true of the creditors. As was wed said
by the American Bar Association at its
recent meeting, 'whatever amendments
are made to the provisions of the law re
lating to voluntary bankruptcy should be
in the line of a better protection to the
creditors against fraud In the bankruptcy
proceedings.'
"Section 4 provides that any person who
owes debts, except a corporation, may be
come a voluntary bankrupt. Corpora
tions are thus specifically excepted from
"those entitled to the advantages of this
feature of the law. If, under the present
conditions, a corporation desires to go
Into liquidation and have its business
closed through the instrumentality of the
federal authorities, it must, by a process
of evasion, first commit an act of bank
ruptcy and then have proceedings insti
tuted against Itself for the purpose of be
ing adjudicated an Involuntary bankrupt.
It seems no more than proper that cor
porations should be entitled to the same
privileges as an Individual with respect to
tho voluntary feature of the law.
"Under section 6, bankrupts are entitled
to the exemptions 'prescribed by the state
laws in force at the time of filing the pe
tition in the state wherein they have had
their domicile for the six months or the
greater portion thereof immediately pre
ceding the filing of the petition.'
Upon objection to a similar provision
in the act of lb67, on the' ground that it
lacked uniformity and therefore was un
constitutional, the courts have held that
the word 'uniform' as there used referred
only to 'uniformity in administration. A
serious' question nevertheless arises as to
whether the exemption should not be
literally uniform in every state. As the
law now stands, the exemption In one
state may be limited to a homestead of a
few hundred dollars in value, and in an
other it may be worth several thousand,
so that, literally speaking, there Is no
uniformity.
"While a serious question may arise as
to tho constitutionality of a provision
placing a different limit on the exemp
tions from that fixed by the states, the
attention of congress Is nevertheless
called to this matter in order that a final
determination may be reached as to
whether p. uniform maximum limit should
not be set upon the amount of this ex
emption In the various states.
"There Is, perhaps, no section of the
law upon which there Is greater unanim
ity of opinion as regards Its amendment
than section 14, relating to the discharge
of a bankrupt. Under the act of 1867 the
assets of the debtor had to bear a certain
ratio to "his debts in order that a dis
charge might be obt Ined. While in some
cases this provision might prove efficacious
as an aid in preventing fraud, it Is a hard
rule and largely Interferes with the true
Idea of a bankruptcy law. In our judg
ment, at the present time the law should
not be amended In this respect, though
consideration of tho subject with this ob
ject in view might be quite proper at
some later date, after ample opportunity
has been afforded the unfortunate of
some years past to receive a discharge
coextensive with the limits of the United
States.
"However, whenever a person has dem
onstrated his Inefficiency as a business
man and as a result has once taken ad
vantage of the bankruptcy law, he
ceases to be worthy of the same consid
eration as one who has not, and should
not bo treated as leniently by the law.
It is suggested, therefore, that in the case
of a person seeking to take advantage
of the law a second, third or fourth time,
before granting him a discharge he should
be compelled to pay a certain portion of
his debts, say one-third or one-half in
the case of the second application and
with an additional amount In the case of
a third or fourth. This would largely re
move the Incentive on the part of dishon
est men to repeatedly and intentionally
become bankrupt.
DiHcliarKe of Bnnlcrapts.
"Section 14b of the present law provides
that a discharge shall be refused where
the bankrupt, 'with fraudulent intent to
conceal hl3 true financial condition and in
contemplation of bankruptcy, destroys,
conceals, or fails to keep books of account
or records from which his true condition
might be ascertained. It has been he'd
that the burden of proof in this case is
upon the creditors to show this Intent,
which Is frequently all but impossible.
The bankrupt Is the one benefited by the
discharge, and logically it would seem
that the onus of showing that his failure
to keep proper books of account was not
with the Intent to conceal his true finan
cial condition should be placed upon h'm.
"The law specifies certain debts which
are not released by a discharge In bank
ruptcy, but no mention is made of the
case where additional credit Is obtained
through the bankrupt's misrepresentation
of the condition of his assets. It would
seem that in cases of this character the
bankrupt should not only be refused a
discharge, but a severe penalty provided
for the offense. A creditor must rely
more or less upon the debtor's integrity
when giving credit, and If through the
practice of deception new or additional
credit Is given, such debts should certain
ly not be discharged, notwithstanding the
fact that judgment has not previously
been had upon such debts.
"Another provision which should be
carefully considered Is where the bank
rupt has conveyed property for the pur
pose of giving a preference, with Intent
to hinder, delay or defraud his creditors.
In this case it seems that the act Itself
should operate as a bar to bankrupt's
discharge and possibly be made an of
fense. The simple fact of the right to
recover property Illegally transferred by
a bankrupt. If discovered, Is no deterrent
to the commission of such act, and there
fore it would seem that the best pre
ventive, would be to make the act an of
fense and" punishable accordingly. Fur
thermore, the limit of four months with
in which n conveyance creating a prefer
ence may be set aside, when it Is shown
that it Is lacking in good faith, Is insuffi
cient. "Where a man obtains credit, sells
stock thus obtained at cost or below to
get Its equivalent in money Into his
hands nnd then squanders it for his own
pleasure without any intention of repay
ing the same, he is certainly unworthy of
consideration, and it would seem the
court might In all propriety be authorised
to deny a discharge.
"There is no doubt whatever that the
fees allowed under the present law are
in many respects inadequate for the
services needed. While under the act of
1S67 the exorbitancy of the fees and ex
penses formed a potent factor In Its re
peal, the present law has gone to the
other extreme and reduced the charges to
a minimum, nnd to such an extent as to
make them hardly adequate to secure or
retain such class of officers as are re
quired to properly execute the law and
protect the Interests of all concerned.
Tho services required of referees and
trustees are extremely exacting, and In
many instances unusual qualifications arc
necessary to the proper conduct of a pro
ceeding In bankruptcy and the protection
of an estate. While It Is perhaps not
proper to state wherein the limit should
be placed, the matter should receive the
thoughtful attention of congress.
"d'ther amendments might very prop
erly be suggested, but the foregoing seem
to be among the most important, and
while it is perhaps not incumbent upon
this department to make any recom
mendations in this matter, we have ven
tured to present the foregoing merely as
suggestions for such consideration as
they may warrant.
Criticism of the Lmv.
"As might naturally be expected, the
Innovation In the method 'of procedure
with reference to" Insolvency has met with
criticism favorable and otherwise. The
number of applicants for relief under the ' cure for this Bitter Root ranch In the
voluntary feature of the law and the ' wilds of Montana; tliid blendlajc of the
great contrast between the magnitude of ' blood of centuries, of tho most 21ustriou3
the liabilities as compared with the assets ' lineage, has brought forth equine wonders
has caused unfavorable criticism on the . whose achievements have amazed the rac
part of some, but a thoughtful consider- ' log world. No matter where there princes
ation of the conditions demonstrates the
fact that tho vast sums being released
through the discharge merely means the
balancings of accounts Ion? since worth
less, and which never would be of value,
with the resultant good that those op
pressed with the weight of misfortvne
may start life anew and have an oppor
tunity to redeem themselves. The releas
ing of nearly 20,000 individuals from theit
past obligations within the year, many
of marked ability in the business world.
who, perhaps through some misfortune"
beyond their control, have been reduced
almost to penury, can have but one re
suit, and that for the good.
"That some idea might be furnished
congress upon the question as to the time
when these obligations were incurred
which caused insolvency, an effort was
made by thl3 department to obtain this In
formation from the referees, but It has
proved only partially successful. Suf
ficient data have been obtained, however,
to show that a large percentage of thoe
who are receiving discharges became in
solvent during the period of business de
pression which swept over thi3 country
several years since, and some for periods
even anterior.
"As opposed to the criticism of the law.
stands the declaration ot the American
Bar Association at its meeting In Buffalo
during the past summer. The committee
on commercial law of that association
made the following report:
" 'That a bankrupt law is wise and
beneficial legislation; (b) that the general
features of the present bankrupt law
should have the" approval and support of
the bar and commercial community; (c)
that whatever amendments arc made to
the provisions of the law relating to vol
untary bankruptcy should be in the line of
a better protection to the creditor against
fraud in the bankruptcy proceedings; (d)
that the amendments to the provisions of
the law relating to involuntary bank
ruptcy should be along the lines of a bet
ter remedy for the creditor for fraud,
actual or contemplated, on the part of tho
debtor previous to the Institution of bank
ruptcy proceedings.'
"In line with the foregoing is the decla
ration of the Commercial Law League of
America, at Its convention at Asbury ParK
during the past summer, when It placed
Itself on record as favoring 'a national
bankruptcy law and approves of the gen
eral features of the act of 189S.'
"This and like favorable comment at
other conventions presents the view gen
erally taken with reference to the ques
tion of the existence of a permanent fed
eral bankruptcy law."
DALY'S EXPENSIVE HOME.
Fnmonn Montana Stock Farm in the
Bitter Root "Valley.
BUTTE, Mont., Jan. 26. (Special to the
Chicago Record.) While the world of
speculators Is occupied in guessing as to
the future movement of Marcus Daly, his
family and friends know that in a very
short time ho will retire to the magnifi
cent estate he has created In the Bitter
Root valley, the famous Bitter Root stock
farm. This Immense ranch comprises In
the ranch proper more than 17,000 acres,
with over 30,000 acres of mountain lands,
used solely for pasturage. In summer the
place has all the charms of a feudal es
tate, and even now In the dead of winter
It is full of Interest. One reason so lit
tle is rend of It Is that it is quite a dis
tance from the beaten track. Up to a
little more than a decade ago nearly the
whole ranch consisted of barren, arid
bench lands, but when Mr. Daly acquired
the land he made it blossom like the rose.
The bottom lands were partially watered
by a tiny creek, water being a scarce ar
ticle; and Mr. Daly immediately Inaug
urated a system of irrigation at a cost or
5350,000. There are numerous large ditches
which divert the waters of Skalkaho and
Gird's creeks which supply water enough
all the time, but to guard against every
possibility a large canal over 0 miles
long has recently been completed, which
is connected with the river.
Expense Not Considered.
The dwelling-house Is a model of mod
ern architecture, and not a convenience
known to man, no matter how costly, has
been omitted. The furniture Is very hand
some, suitable for a mansion on Fifth
avenue, New York. The house stands In
the middle of grounds that are parkl.ke
and Is located about a mile from the rail
way station. Running in front of the
house Is a wide driveway, or boulevard,
which crosses the entire ranch from south
to north, over six miles In length, and
which has at intervals other similar drive
ways bisecting it and running transverse
ly. These driveways are shaded on either
side by Balm of Gilead trees and Califor
nia poplars. Scattered about are wooded
parks, where wild animals abound. In the
busy seasons over 500 men are employed,
and in all the year around over 200 make
their home on the ranch. To house these
men and their families hundreds of cot
tages have been erected with more pre
tentious residences for the superintendents
and foremen.
Taking a blrdseye v.'ew at the center
of the ranch, all the homes, the Immense
barns, lofty paddocks, scattered here and
there, make a scene that Is picturesque
and full of life. The magnitude of opera
tions may be guessed at when the monthly
pay roll is never less than $7500, In the
6ff seasons. Over 5000 cattle of the cho.cest
breeds supply the finest cream and butter,
much of It being consumed In Butte. While
he has about 15,000 acres devoted to agri
culture ind 500 acres in fruits. Mr. Daly
does not allow his products to in any way
Interfere with the markets of the farmers
in the Bitter Root valley. Much of It Is
shipped to Butte and retailed In the blj
Hennessey store, now the property of the
Amalgamated combine. The balance finds
its way to other mining centers controlled
by Mr. Daly, affording better vegetab'es,
milk, cream, butter, meat, etc., than the
general market affords. Only cream Is
shipped to Butte from the dairy: no milk
at all. The cream retails for 50 cents a
quart. The ranch js so strictly up to date
that every building from the mansion and
cottages down to the smallest barn is
lighted with electricity, and water from
Skalkaho creek has been piped to every
one.
Only Specialist) Employed.
Mr. Daly for his head men employs only
Dpoclallsts. W. H. Pierce ha. charge of a
creamery, where the milk of 300 cow? Is
manufactured by the huge separators in'o
gilt-edged butter. Swan Johnson' has
charge of the ho.tlculturrl deparrment; in-
agricultural section Is so large It is d
vided Into six departments, under the
charge of William Brody, Elmer Krouse,
Tom McCourt, W. H. Steele. Fred Lllllck,
all competent foremen. Joe Ray has chug?
of the stock cattle. The trotters are In
charge of David Peel, while Joseph Ray
traln3 them. The veterinary scct'on. which
Is the finest In the United States, is In
charge of the celebrated Dr. Hagyard;
Sam Lucas Is in charge of the thorough
breds, which are trained by Fred Mos
'iom and Billy Lakeland. Benjamin Mc
Glnty Is general superintendent of the
ranch, and a most efficient one. too He
conducts eerythln on. the very strictest
business lines, and not a single item es- J
cupes aim irom me seiung or, a pouno ot
butter to the. purchasing of a new set o.
harnes.
The way the name of the Bitter Roo:
ranch has become famous throughout thi
aportlng world, both irr America and
abroad, Is because of its famous horses,
which, born and bred on this ranch, have
carried away the honors on every race
track of note. This la Marcus Daly's one
hobby horses and racing. His open and
covered circular tracks, his vast training
lnclosures, are the admiration of every
racing man. Mr. DaTy went Into the busi
ness systematically; he first visited the
moat celebrated stock farms and stables
of this country; from each he purchased
the choicest get. the .fastest strains of
racing blood; then he sent to England,
France, Persian and Arabia, where no
horse was too high-priced for him to se-
and princesses have been reared they can
tlnd no fault with their quarters here.
Over TOO acres sown with blue grass ar
devoted to the stud paddocks and to the
brood mares and their colts. Nearly I5W
acres have been set aside for tfeo thor
oughbreds, and for this purpose it has
been cut up Into hundreds of high-fenoed
paddocks. Near by Is the residence of
Sam Lucas, the genial KentTicki&n. the
famous export breeder. In charge of the
thoroughbreds; grouped around are ma-
1 slve barns, cottasres. orchards and arar-
j dens. Everywhere are shade trees and.'
driveways, running water, making a veri
table equine paradise.
A Howe Palace. .
Irr the center of this thoroughbred de
partment is the pride of Daly's heart, the
famous "Tammany castle." located on a
plateau which rises gently fully MO feet
above the surrounding laails. Mr. Lucas
designed the castle, and will show the
favored ones, over It with a good deal of
pride. It Jb a one-story brick building,
fire-proof In every detail. In it are omy
sir stalls and an olflce. These stalls are
IS feet square, and have a brick celling
12 inches in thickness. Each stall is not
only plastered, bit wainscoted and fin
ished in solid onk. with ventilation at
the bottom, brougjht from the roof. A
perfectly equable temperature is main
tained the year round.
At the rear of the baxn is the immense
granary of solid stone. A macadamized
walk runs all around the crstle, and this
is all roofed over, foumhig attractive
vorandas; these verandas are literally en
meshed in summer with the choicest of
vines and flowers. In the front is over
an acre of green velvet lan; all about
are beds of flowers. In the front is over
an acre of glittering sand, while foun
tains aa:e playing In every available spot.
In this department are kept the finest
stallions; Hamburg, valued at 5&.IXXJ;
Tammany, Ogden. Bathampton and In
verness, costing Marcus Daly over ?2S0,'.
but which no sum could purchase from
him now. AM are well known as royal
stallions and winners of the largest mixes
ever offered. Hamburg won the Brljhton
cup In 1S0S; Tammany won the Realiza
tion hi 1S95; Ogden was the Futurity win
ner In 1S97, while Bathampton and Rnvar
ness were tho greatest stallions England's
stables ever produced. Other celebiated
sta'.llons are Montana, the winner of the
Suburban in L"92; Sam Lucas. Prlmrcee,
The Pepper and many others. Here ljb
also quartered the cream of the brod
mares over 200 In all. together with foals,
to whom the racing men of America look
for world-beaters. It will be remembered
that Sam Lucas was for years in the
employ of August Belmont, handling his
thoroughbreds, before coming to Mon
tana. The standard-bred or trotting depart
ment is located In the lower lands, ami
over 1000 acres Is devoted to it. Like the
thoroughbred department, everything- Is in
the most elaborate and convenient form.
Paddocks, barns, all built with an eye to
the greatest convenience, buc still pleas
ing to look at, both outside and inside.
There are about 100 brood mares, and the
foals there. The chief of the stallions Is
Prodigal, son of John Nolan; Ponce de
Leon and Mllrol are also kept in this
department. It Is an Interesting sight to
see Joe Rae training the green colts, of
whom he has charge as far as training
goes. David Peel, who was also for years
with Belmorat, has general charge at the
trotters. Tho entire ranch, every depart
ment, is connected by telephone with the
stock-farm office, which is in Hamilton,
in the rear of the Ravalli county bank.
Another thlnr for which the ranch is
famous Is Its d9g kennels, which are all
grouped around Tammany castle. The
different strains and breeds are well
known to dog fanciers. One can almost
pick ouf. the dogs in Butte which have
come from Daly's kennels, so superior
are they. Another sight well worth see
ing are the hatcheries and fowl coverts,
also situated' on the plateau. Every kind
of pigeon is oo be seen here; every kind
of game cock flourishes, and English and
China pheasanAs abound. The pea fowls J
add a picturesque toucn. As for domestic
fowls, not a breed can be named which
Is not here represented. A peculiar thing
is the hundreds ot iiuail In the fields all
over the ranch. Mr. Daly Imported them
from California, and they are multiplying
beyond his most sanguine hopes.
From a very brief description some Idea
of the magnitude of operations on -Daly's
ranch may be gained. But no one can
arrive at an Idea of tlie beauty of the
place unless he vlsl's It. Weeks could he
pleasantly spent visiting the different de
partments. It has so far. stock and all.
cost Mr. Daly over i.OCO.WO. but it will
repay him a thousand-fold, although that
Dart he does not care about.
CANNON BALL PILLS
Big B'alls of Poison Given as
Medicine.
Tlio-csnmlK Are Suffering froni Mercu
rial Plll-Polaon Tnfcen In Youtk
Days of the Pllla Are Past.
Do you want health?
Then keep your bowels clean and your
liver lively!
It has always been known that constipa
tion Is the cause of nearly all disease, but
the way of treating it has changed.
The old way was to make up a sicken
ing "black draught," or. still worse, an
explosive "shot-gun" cartridge of calomel,
aloes, jalap, gamboge, croton oil. blue
mass, colocynth the larger the bullet the
better and after ihe patient had swal
lowed the dose, thrown the bowels into
spasms and turned the liver Inside out.
he was settled for a few days frequently
forever.
The mo3t dangerous "medicine" of all
was the mercurial pill-poison which lodged
In the blood and Joints, producing life-long
aches.
Force is folly. If you have any regard
for your well being. When It becomes
necessary to stir up your liver and have
a general internal cleaning p take Cas
carets Candy Cathartic, and produce nat
ural action in a nice, gentle, quiet, posi
tive way.
Cascarets are up to date, antiseptic,
taste good, never grip nor gripe, mild
but effective.
Buy and try Cascarets today. You'll
find that It's what they do, not what we
say they'll do, that proves their merit.
All druggists 10c, 25c. 50c, or by mail for
price. Send for booklet and free sample.
Address the Sterling Remedy Co., Chica
go; Montreal, Can., or New York.
This la the CASCARKT tabM.
Every tablet of the only genuine
Oecarets beers the m&glc Wtete
"CCC." Look at the tablet befor-;
you buy. and beware ot fraud,
imitations and substitutes.
Marian! Wine World Famous Tonic
Many thousand physician and millions of per
sons during the past thlrty-flye years nave thor
oughly tested Vln Martenl and Invariably x
mrlenced beneficial effectr Thousands of fa
mous men and women from almoe every walk
of life hae praised Vln Marlanl la poetrj and
prose In music ""ulpture- ana painting Trj
Vln Marlanl ci its merit'
Fold by all Drugjflsts. B"fu: Substitutes.
ffi)
THE PALATIAL
!Ui BUILDING
Hi' m iSllI
Jiiip s Rpfii?i :
Not a rfnrlc office In t"a ballillnxi
eliNelatelr Hrerefs electric I. .!:.
and Hrtc.tian irater; perfect saultn
tia and UiHrHgh vr.-ilIlHiiou. .;
f vatttrs run da and lCht.
Hoo.Tia.
OTDKRSOX. OtTSTAT. AIH.nH.y.at-mvr... U12
ASSOC1AT-CD PJtKSS; K. U -owell. M: . 8c J
B'OCKW JMTK A390OAT1ON. ot Ue
lln. la.; C. A. XcCargar. State Aeru c2 3
BBiMXJE. H. W.. tt. Pernia Shorthand
Setwol 2jt
BEN.7A3CHC. R. W.. Eton... !.".'.." ".V ".3: 4
MI-JS-VAJfOER. DH. O. S.. lh,s. A Sur lt 413
RKm?:K. rR. G. .. Jhycta. . .412 4 ili
BUS1CEt. RICHARD. Ajfenl Wllwm & M -
CaMa r Tobncco Co t' Cc.1
CAUK,:X. O. K.. Dteret AgK TraeiCr"j
laauetntw Cm.
CARimiLi. DR. J. R... .".."
CLARK. HAROLD. Dentist
CLEM. E. A. A CO.. Mini FropeVtUs " 8
COLUMBIA TELEPHOX COSfPNY
T13
a.xj
3.4
94-6-W-607 813-014 C 3
CORXEL1V3S. C. W. w. and SrKon.s. 2.H
COVER. T. C. Carter fepttuW Life . . C.J
COLLIER. I-. T.. PaMtetMr; A. P. McOtilre
Manager 415 m
DAY. J. O AT. N - 3
DAVIS. NAPOLEON. FrsW Cotumt" i
Telephone Co -
DICKSOX. DR. j. T.. PkyMafM.'..'..".! 713 rii
KAKE. DR. H B. P!ya4Sa B12 51J - 4
DUNHAX. MRS GEO. A Til
DWYKR. JAS T. Tt.bcOB 42
EDITORIAL. ROOMS ElR-t i fijer
EQUITABLE L1F: ASSURANCE SOl IE! ST
L Samuel. Manager; F. C. Cover. Cash er 3CH
KVENrNG TELEGRAM.. 325 AUer s-iees
FALLOW. MRS. M. A.. Monger Wjmto'i
Dpt. MhIwI Reserve Fwml Life, of lie
York C03
FEOTOX. J. D.. Phyfltetan and treon. C09 3.9
FE:TOX. DR. KICKS C. Eye and Ear ... 311
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Deitttat. . .S3
FIDEJJTT MtTTVAL LIFE AS8"X. E. C.
Stark. Manager 301
FRENCH SCHOOL br eonverMtton)' Dr.' A.'
Muzrarelll. Maer 739
GALVACI. W. M.. Engineer and Draughts-
609
GEARY. DR. EDWARD F.. Fhyslclan ant
surfteen I "ia
GIESV. A. J.. Fhygfetan and SwzeinW 7 ii 7t!
-GODDAJtD. E. C A CO.. Footwear, ground
floor :2 ixti F'rct'
GCV.DMA.V. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat'11
life Ine&r&nc Ctx. of New York .. 200 "ti
GRANT. F.'iANX 3.. Attorney-at-law r?
GR.-5NIER. MISS BEATRICE. Dentist .. . P3
HAMMOVD. a. Jl 3i-
KEIDIXCKS. OEO. A. A CO.. i-ino" aH
OrgWH 13V Sir - -3
HOLLISTXR. PR. O. C. Fhys. A Shrg . 304 3 3
TDLEXAX, c. M.. Attomey-at-Law 4ir 1. -9
KADt, MAJtK T.. Manager lainc Nor
west Mutual Reowro Fttnd. ZAfc Aeo. ,i 4 0.3
LAMCNT JtWX. Wee-President and G-.
eral Manager CobfisMa Telephone Co . CTJ
LITTLEKIELD. H. R.. Fhy. and Surgeon "3
MACRUM. W. S.. See. Oregon Camera Cl - 21
MACXAY. DR. A. B.. Fnys, and Surg . Til "u
MAXWELL. DR. W. EL. Fhy,. A Surg 7 Zl
McCARGAR. C. A.. State Agent Bankers
Life Ajwoetatton , m jo rp3
-McCOY. NEWTON, Atorney.at"-Law . . " 713
McFADHX. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer "01
McOIXX. HEXKT E.. Attomey-a:-Law. Tit ZZ2
McKSLL. T. J.. Xan-jfacMirerV Represent
t,v os
MILLKR. DR. HKXBERT C. Dentlat an.
Oral Surgeon 6( 3 C09
MOSMCAX. DR. E. F.. Dentist 512 SIZ 514
MANHATTAN LIFE IMSURAXCK CO.. of
Jfew York; W Goldman. Manager. ...2 0 2:
MaELROT, DR. J. .. Fhya. A .rjt 701 7 C 70S
McFARLAA'D. E. B.. Secretary Columbia
Telepeooo Co ..CO
McGTJIRE. 3. F.. Manager F. F. Collier
PuMfafeer .415-i:
MeKIX. MAURICE. Attonev-at-Law. . 5T0
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of Nt
York: Wn S. Fond. State Mm- 404 luS-40
MUTUAL KESERVB FT7D LIFE ASb
M. T. Kfufcr. Mftr. PaeMc Mortttwest.., Ool' CPi
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law .'15.
XILES. M L.. Caohter Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of Mew York- ... ?
OREGOX IXFtRMARY OF OSTEOPATIIY,
Dr. L. B. Snath. Oateooath 40M0
OR COON" CAMERA CLUS 214-215 -ia ".r
PnRXIX SHORTMAXD SCHOOL: H. V"
Ba.hBke.Prln... 2IE
POKP. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Vife"
In. 9i. of New York 404 40B-4C
POR-BLAXD EYE AXD EAR IXFIRMARY .
Orottnd rtoor. 133 Sixth a'rr
PORTLAND PRESS CLUR . . xit
PRO-TC-MAX. EUCEXE C. Snoerlntendent
Ajteracios Mutual Roserve Fund Ure. of
Xew York ,ti jyij
PTTTXAWS SOWS, a. P.. ruMfefcer .. 3:3
Qt'IMirr. L. F. W.. Ornte and Forestry
Wardea "l(J-"f
REED A MALCOLM. Opttctam. . J33 Sixth tic
REED. F. C. Ffh Cnmmbwloner 40"
RYAX, J. B. Attorney-at-law 417
:ALI3BURY. fEO X . Sertkm Director r
S. Weather Bureau flt
SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 306
5ANDFORD. A. C A CO . Pblta4vrV Ants. S1J
SCRIBXER'S SO. CKAS.. Pab!1Shfr:
Je Kobsoa. Xnaffr 3:r-31fl-31?
SHERWOOD. J W . Deputy Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. M , . nt
SMITH. DR. L B. 0reefmh 4S-4r;
POXS OF THE AMER1CAX REVOLTS' V. 500
STARK. E. C. Executive Spoetal. Fldelly
MtttuaJ Life Aociatlon of PhlJa., Pa...... oi
STARK A COLE Pyroaraphp 4rj
STEEL. G. A.. Fore Inepeotor .28
STUART. DELL. AHnrney-at-Law...MB-fllO R 7
STOLTE. DR CHAS. E.. DfiO 704 7 3
3CRGCOX OF THE 3. P. RY. AXD X P
TKRM1XAL CO 7j
STROWBRtDGE. THOS H.. ETernttvn Spe
cial Afrent Mutual Life, of Xew York. ... 4rf
SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE , y
TUCKER DR GEO. F.. Dentist niD(Tk
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 906-907 9W Ota
V. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST. Captain W. a LannAtt. Corp of
Engineer. U. S. A S0
U S. ENGIXEER OFFICE. RIVER AXD
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C Laasdtt. Corps of Engineers, V. S. A . S'i
WALKER. WILL H.. President Oregon
Camera Club 214-215-2.5-21
WATERMAX. C. K.. Costlier Mutual Life
of Xew York . 43
W ATKINS. Mian. E. L.. Pun-haotUK Agencv 7.0
VKATHERRED. MRS. EUYTH. rand Sec
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WILSON, DR. HOLT C. Phys. A Stars 807 303
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