THE " MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY G, 1900.
10
SHAKESPEARE AND THE EARLIER CRITICS
(Copyright, 1900,
Ttt OREOONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE:
POPULAR STUDIES
IN SHAKESPEARE
OwrtrHiutocB to Uris coerce: Dr. Ed-ward Dow
den. Dr. WIMm J. Rte. Dr. Hamilton W.
MaWe, Dr. ARjert S. CowK. Dr. Hiram Cersen.
Dr. Isaac X. DeaMBon. Dr. Ylda D. Scudder
XII SCHOOLS OF shakespeahC
CRITICISM.
(Oondtided.)
SkaUeapeare and the Romantic
School of Criticism.
BY PROFESSOR T. M. PARROTT.
The great literary revival of the latter
half of the ISth century produced a school
of crUfct&H so sharply In contrast with
tfe ftasejcal .school that it may most fitly
bo characterized ly the antithetical term,
ronwtirtfc.
The movement had its origin in Ger
many, where such critics as Lesslng,
Goethe and Schlegel revolted against the
Gcorpr Drnnilcs.
literary domination of the Franco-classic
principles of criticism. Against the au
thority of"Corneille and Voltaire they In
voked the name of Shakespeare, and set
themselves resolutely to establish the fact
that his plays were not only delightful
in themselves, but admirable as the prod
ucts of a master mind, working along
definite principles of dramatic construc
tion. This note of revolt was soon caught up
In England, primarily by Coleridge, whose
blended poetic and philosophic powers
eminently fitted him to be the profound
eet and most sympathetic of Shakespear
ean critics. He and his followers give
voice to the romantic reaction against the
cool, common-sense criticism of an earlier
generation, and if at times they ran into
extravagance, as when Coleridge preached
Ibe doctrine of Shakespeare's infallibility
and upheld even his puns as the "emana
tions of genius." they nevertheless played
a most important part in raising Shakes
peare's fame above the critical balance
scales wherein Pope ' and Johnson had
weighed It. Since Coleridge wrote and
spoke no Englishman at least has dared
to sit In judgment on Shakespeare. The
task of later critteism has been a rever
ent attempt to penetrate the poet's mean
ing, illustrate his thought, and discover,
If possible, the personality hidden behind
his work.
Yet the eulogy C Coleridge was no blind
rhapsody of praise. We may say of him,
as Hazlltt did of Schlegel, that no pre
vious critic had shown either "the same
enthusiastic admiration of Shakespeare's
genius or the same philosophical acute
ness in pointing out his characteristic ex
cellencies." And of these excellencies,
the greatest in Coleridge's mind, was
Shakespeare's judgment. "The consum
mate judgment of Shakespeare," he says,
in his "Table Talk," "not only in the gen
eral construction, but In all the detail of
his dramas, impressed me with even
greater wonder than the might of his
genius or the depth of his philosophy."
And again. "Shakespeare was a great
poet, acting upon laws arising out of his
own nature, and not without law." Here
le a change, indeed, from the earlier con
ception of Shakespeare as a wild, irregu
lar, and lawless genius, And it Is just
this profound conviction of the organic
order and unity of Shakespeare's work.
and the exposition, at once learned and
John Dryden.
enthusiastic, of the grounds of his belief,
that raises Coleridge above all preceding
Shakespearean critics.
Of Coleridge's contemporaries and dis
ciples, Hazlltt and Lamb, we need not
speak at length. Haziltt's woTk is
marked by unbounded enthusiasm and
keen critical insight, but marred on the
fcaer hand 1y the intrusion of personali
ties 'ands political reflections and quite
wanting in moral depth. He devoted him
self especially to the exposition of the
characters of Shakespeare's plays, and his
work is one of the most valuable contri
buttons in English to pure esthetic criti
cism.
Charles Lamb, more than any of his
contemporaries, devoted himself to the
revtvMcatlon of the age in which Shakes
peare lived. His "Specimens of English
Dramatic Poets, Contemporary With
Shakespeare" may be said to have re
stored Marlowe. Heywood, Webster and
a host of forgotten worthies to English
literature. But his peculiar love for
these victims of unjust oblivion did not
blind Mm to the surpassing merits of their
master. His design in the "Specimens"
was he declares at once, "to show how
much Shakespeare shines in his contom
poraries and how far in his divine mind
and manners he surpassed them and all
mankind." His "Tales from Shakespeare"
threw open to childhood the doors of an
enchanted world, and his letters and
essays are starred with subtle and sym
thetlc criticism of Shakespeare's plays
and their Interpreters upon the stage.
nd If at times the note of whimsicality
and paradox that marks all the work of
Ella -appears. 1 only adds charm and sug
geettveness to the real value of his flashes
of criticism
Shakespeare and the Personal School
of Criticism.
The itct deve lopmcpt p hajiespearean
Wk A Will ill Willi
by-Seymour Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROR SEYMOUR EATON
criticism has been that of a school -which
has sought to reconstruct the personality
of the poet from his work. J2v:n In the
last century Cape.l lamented the Ifeck of a
critical lire of Shakespeare whlca would
trace the development of his genius. Such
a work, however, was impossible i Ions
as the chronologies! suesCssion of iIs
plays was unknown. But the labor of .a.
score of editors has practically estab
llshed ,thls, and. the evidence as to the
poet's development which may be drawn
from the order of bis plays has been sup
plemented by the autoblograplcal element
In the Sonnets. The story contained in
these was curious.- disregarded by the
older critics and even by the romantic
school. But since the early years of this
century a vast amount of ink has been
shed thereover, with, we must confess,
amazingly Iltt.o result It was long ago
recognized that the greater part of the
Sonnets was addressed to a youthful
friend of Shakespeare's, a Ehlaller number
to a woman, common.)' known as the
Dark Lady. Drake In 1S17 proposed to
identify the friend as Southampton.
Bright in 1819 was the first to suggest
the name -of William Herbert. The ap
parent allusion In the Sonnets to an in
trigue between the poet's friend and his
sweetheart has lately been taken up and
developed with great detail by Mr. Tyler,
who professes to have discovered the
identity of the Dark Lady with Mary
Fitton, a maid of honor to Elizabeth.
Upon this basis he has constructed a
plausible and undoubtedly attractive the
ory of the tragedy of Shakespeare's life, a
story of love, betrayal, suffering and for
giveness. But ilr. Tyler's theory has been
so rudely challenged by Sidney Lee and
Ladr Newdigate that even the faith of
those who were readiest to give it ere'
dence has been shaken. Mr. Lee, in fact,
asserts that there Is no story at all In
the Sonnets; but this Is to go, one feels,
a step too far. The personal note rings
plain enough in them for him who has
ears to hear, and we may still ho'.d with
Wordsworth, Hugo. Ereyssig. Swinburne,
Fiirnlvall and Dowden that Shakessere's
Sonnets express his own feelings In his
own person. The story of the pott's life
lies burled there, but at present it seems
as if the cloud of mystery that hangs
r round It were not soon to be dispelled.
Probably the sanest and most satisfac
tory attempt to discover something of the
personality of Shakespeare In his plays
has been made by Professor Dowden. His
division -of the poet's work Into four pe
riods, which he respectively christened "In
the Workshop," ,"In the World." "Out of )
me Jjeptns ana un me Jtieignra, is
well known. These periods, he holds', are
distinguished not merely by differences In
the poet's power of expression, but also
by the subjects with which they deal, and
by the widely varying tone and temper
which Inform them. The whole purpose
of Professor Dowden's "Mind and Art ol
Shakespeare" Is to trace the evolution of
the poet's genius and the changes of
the poet's mind from the earliest stage
of gay apprenticeship to the final closing
of the drama, when the master broke his
staff and burled his book and went back
to die In quiet Stratford. The result ol
the critic's study Is summed up In the
words: "The Shakespeare invariably
bright, gentle and genial Is the Shake
speare of a myth. The man actually dis
coverable behind the plays was a man
tempeted to passionate extremes, but of
strenuous will, and whose highest self
pronounced In favor of sanity."
More pretentious but hardly so reliable
is the elaborate work, "William Shake
speare," by Dr. Brandes, the greatest liv
ing critic of Northern Europe. This Is a
splendid, effort to reconstruct the .man
fTom his work, and to Interpret that work
by the known facts of Shakespeare's life
and the Influence of his environment. The
purpose of the book, he declares, Is "to
prove that Shakespeare Is not 36 plays and
a few poems Jumbled together, but a
man who has felt and thought, rejoiced
and suffered, brooded, dreamed, and cre
ated." Unfortunately Dr. Brandes, with
all his wealth of learning and undoubted
Jteenness of critical perception, has given
far too free a rein to his 'fancy. He often
mistakes theory for fact and builds elabo
rate structures upon shlftlncr foundations.
The book as a whole Is rather an exercise
of Imaginative criticism than a genuine
biography. Yet it Is always interesting,
always stimulating, and a distinct ad
dition to the great library of Shakespeare
literature.
The principles of this school have been
pushed to an unconscious reductlo ad ab
surdum by Mr. Harris, the late editor ot
the Saturday Review. In a scries of es
says on the true Shakespeare, which ap
peared in that periodical during the year
1S9S. he asserts that the work of Shakes
peare is of so subjective a character that
it is easier to realize his personality than
that of any other writer. By the simple
process of Identifying Shakespeare with
irarIoxis characters of his plays, a process
by no means devoid of Ingenuity, and sug
gestlveness, he arrives at the conclusion
that the poet was "a. combination of
physical delicacy and extreme sensitive
ness." too weak to endure the roush
man's life of Elizabethan London, a vic
tim of Insomnia, and the slave of sensuai
passion In short, a modern neuropath. It
were better to leave ShakespeaTe .wrapped
in the cloud than to present' the world
with such a figure.
And. la fact, a reaction against this
school Is already visible. The latest life
of Shakespeare, Sidney Lee's, is remark
able for its dogged insistence upon the
known facts, and its eomplete avoidance
of conjecture. It gives us what is known
of the poet's outer lire, but malses no
attempt to realize his personality The
pendulum has 6wung to the other ex
treme.
At the close of th" ISth century Shakcs-
Charles Lnnib.
Mr
ySiySByi $Lz!'itf L
HV W.
IU cjA
"F
S. T. Colerdjre.
peare's fame stands higher th an it ever
did before; h!s influence rebels is further.
One hundred and. fifty y.Trs a go he was
hardly known outside "of -Liis island.
Toward the close 6f the h t $ tentury "he
conquered our Teutonic k-naa en. The
13th has seen his trlumpht'l ,enl rancelnjo
Latin and' Slavic lands. His . slays hold
the boards- In Paris, Rome, Bui lapest and 1
St. Petersburg, as In the capli als of the
English-speaking race. Comp lete trans
Nations of his works exist 1; . German.
French, Italian, Dutch, Russia! i, Magyar,
Czechish, Swedish, Danish ari d Finnic
In Spain and Armenia trans' ations cxe
now under way, and separate- plays h:rve
appeared in such widely scattel -ed tpngnes
as WeVih. Croatian, Hebrew Japaresa,
and various dialects of HIndd ostan. His
influence upon the life and .tha ught of. the
civilized world it is simply in osi'Je to
estHnicte. Nor is this inlluen ze llkjly to
gro less. Even if our civilisation
should" perlh like that of I Greece and
Rome, the vorks of Shnkesp eare would
remain, an everlasting memo r.'l of the
greatest mind of the stronge sd Tace of
mooero tlmefc.
&s yt,s
: a. ,
z.fC
Princeton University,
Note. Hamilton "W. fable's pip er on
"How to Study Shakeeteare" will, b.V pub
lished tomorrow.
THE WORD "OaIEGOM."
Speculation In 184G n to Iis35 'inlng?
nnil Oriffln.
PORTLAND. Feb. 3. (To the Ed, Itor.)
In looking over a bound volume ; of the
New York Herald (weekly) l'or th e year
184G. which recently came into the i josses-
eion of the Oregon Historical t Society
throueh the courtesy of Mr. Fra nk T
Dodge, in the Issue of February 28, I dis
covered something new concernlr g the
origin of the name of Oregon In in edl-tor-al
article which Is quoted ent ire, as
follows:
"In all the numberless, discussion which
Oreiron has iriven riisc Co. little. If any
thing, has been said otf the meai ling oit
origin of the word. A far as ' we can
ascertain. Oregon is a word! of Indian
origin, and signifies ttie Wghi rldgi , and 13
properly the name pX these mi mntalr.s
which w e call, not, pe Thaps, verj appro
priately, the Rocky mcWrtains. We say
not appiopr-ately, because nothlt g Is In
dicated by the term whlclXmay ei ccluslve
ly eharacterlze them, slnce all mountains
are more or less rocky, and mi y claim
the name as well as these. 3Iany persons
are apt to imagine that the Bock y moun
tains are a vast ridge of tcV5! fwhen, as
they are, like all others, grein anti beauti
ful elevations, present ng all thiit rough
variety of rich and pictures. iue landscape
which is to be observed ami ng them alL
The Oregon mountains is n vore properly
their name, and Is perhap3 n Vre euphoni
ous than their present more familiar ap
pellation. These vast mom italns are a
combination of that long rangi which con
stitutes an immense system of mountains,
commencing at Cape Horn, tl to southern
extremity of the great western 1 umlsphere,
running from Cape Horn throi tghout the
entire length of the American continent.
It has been familiarly called the backbone
of America, from Its analogy to that
osseous .ridge which runs throu ?h most
animals, and which seems lnte nded to
give strength and unity to the softt r parts.
In South America, that portion o f theaa
mountains which traverses the cou ntry is
called the Andes; In Guatemala anc Mex
ico, their name is changed, and th V are
called the Cordilleras; north of Mexlcc ' they
assume the name of the Rocky mounl alns,
of the Oregon, ns we have shown they
were originally called by the natives. The
entire length of the whole chain 's t tl
mated to be 9000 miles. Between the C Ve
gon mountains and the Pacific ocean Is
a wide strip of land which belongs, on t Ve
north, to Russia, and on the south, .
Mexico. The middle portion, and the leas t
valuable of the whole, as it contains but l
one good river, and little more than one
plain or valley of any fertility, called tho
Willamette valley, belongs at present, by
treaty, to the United States and Great
Brltrln. by whom It Is held In a sort of
a joint occupation. As long as the joint
occupancy Is enforced, neither party can
be said to have a right to the exclusive
porsession of tho country. Hence wl'l bj
perceived the justice of Mr. Polkas views,
In recommending a dissolution of this
partnership, by giving the proper notice,
according to the terms of the treaty. And
this view may satisfy every one that the
giving this notice has no necessary con
nection whatever with warlike lntentloni
or demonstrations. The word Oregon hav
ing "been used of late with almost nau
seating frequency, this change of the
subject to a geographical and etymological
direction, may give some relief. In the
meantime, it is not improbae that we
have been 'barking up the wrong tree.'
The monster of war, if It should appear
at all, will very likely arise In another
and different quarter."
While the foregoing theory may not be
accepted as conclusive. It probably has an
much foundation as any. It seems certain
that the name Is of Indian origin, at any
rate. GEORGE H. HIMES.
Assistant Secretary Oregon Historical So
ciety. a h
Frnlts of Goebcl's Career.
Kansas City Star, lnd.
Goebel became an offender against the
honor and dignity of Kentucky when he
caused the enactment of an unfair and
partisan electoral law for the promotion
of his personal ambition. He followed up
this crime against the ballot by pressing
his claim to an office which he and the
democratic party of Kentucky knew he
was not entitled to. This; as might have
been expected, excited the angry oppo
sition of the republicans, and the "em
battled farmers ' and the mountaineers
why sympathized with Taylor Invaded the
capital with Winchesters and revolvers,
which, In Kentucky, are considered prop
er and lawful agents In the settlement
of personal and political feuds.
The logical result of this reign of hate
and partisan frenzy was the shooting of
Goebel, the democratic contestant for
governor. The only thing that could, by
any chance, create sympathy lor Goebel
among persons who understood" his real
character has been done, and" the prime
misfortune of the whole affair is that it
will Inure to the benefit of a political or
ganization whose degeneracy Is well at
tested by the support It has given to
Goebel and his corrupt and unscrupulous
methods.
a
Native-Born "Aliens.'
BUENA VISTA. Or.. Feb. 2. (To the
Editor.) Will you please state through
the columns of your paper whether chil
dren born In this country of alien parents
have the right to vote without their father
becoming naturalized. W.
Yes, provided they have lived here since
their birth. For example, a Chinese boy,
born In Portland and having- lived here
until ho Is 21, has tho right to vote, and
does vote.
t B
Moon Did Xqt .Dance.
PORTLAND, Feb. 5. (To the Editor.)
In this morning's Oregonlan, I see in the
report of the benefit given by Clan Mac-
leay that Professor JMqon and "ruplls
danced the Highland fling.
I wish to correct said statement. In
the first place. Professor Moon did not
dance, and In the second place the young
ladles mentioned, are not Professor Moon's
pupils, but are pupils of Professor J.
P, Robertson. B. E. SHARP.
i i. c
Persons suffering from sick headache,
dizziness, nausea, constipation, pain In the
side, are asked to try one vial of Carter's
Little Liver Pills.
9 a
Zarlna cigarettes will comfort you when
friends cannot lOo for J9-
THE THREE PRIZE POEMS
COMPETITION OF WRITERS OX
"THR'aiAN "WITHOUT THE BOfi."
Tic Avrards of $400, $200 and ?100
Offered to Poets Last Summer
i
by a Kevr Yorker.
About" sir months ago the New York
Sun published thjs communication, from
a distinguished resident, who has pre
ferred that h3 name should be known
only to the editor of the Sun:
Lest January the much-lauded poem of Ed
win Markham,' "The Man "With the Hoe," was
published In a San Francla.-o newspaper, and
tha author promptly found himself famous.
While I would detract In no degree from the
beauty, crace and strength of h.a versification,
It seems to me that Mr. Markhzm has tlrcd
ivjmo ery leafy tnd flowery vines around a
vacuum. Either the "Man With the Hoe" Is a
type of the great mass of those who use farm
irff Implements for a lhlng- or else he Is an
exception. If the latter, then the strength of
th esntlment uttered lies In the concealment of
Its weakness, and it the fencer, then the poem
doss wrorg: to a most respectable and able
bodied multitude ot citizens, every one of whom
ought to resent Mr. Markham's attempt io
throw "the emptiness of ages In his face," and
certainly deserves better of the poet than to be
called "mor-strous thing" and "brother to the
ox."
Frdm time Immemorial the tiller of the soil
has been Invested with nls full share of th
honor of this -world, and where any Individual
example of the clasa or, in fact, of nny hon
est and respectable class has given reason for
Mr. Markham's Inquiry, "Whose breath( blpV
out the light within this brain?" It can, I
think, be safely said that the man's own brea h
few It out. There Is no jccaslon for a farmer
to have- his soul quenched or to become u
"dumb terror." He can hold hia head as hih
as any .man's, and he generally does; and
what calling Is more honorable at least In fils
country? to which, by the way, I understand
Mr. Markham's obssrvation and study have'
been confined.
SVhat about the man without the hoe? He who
cannot get work, or, having the opportunity to
labor, won't do it? There are thousand of
joung men In this country who have been edu
cated up W the point where the honest and
healthful occupation of their fathers In the
field has become distasteful to them, and, in
many cases, they hae grown to be ashamed if
It and of their parents. In European countries,
particularly, there are multitudes of young
men, the younger son3 of titled people, for in
stance, who have been taught that common
labor or work In the trades Is beneath them,
and they elnk their Individuality, their manhood
and their future In the ranks of the army
and In petty government positions. They muct
have money, but they muet earn it only In a
"genteel" way. These are the men without
the hoe the real brothers to the ox. Who ehall
tell their story? Who shall best sing the bitter
song of the incapable vno walk the earth,
driven hither and thither like beasts by the
Implacable sentiment of false social educa
tion, suffering the tortures of the damned and
bringing distress upon those dependent on them
bwause they have lost that true Ir.depender.ct
of soul that cornea to him who dares to labor
with his hands, who wields the hoe and Is the
mneter of his destiny.
The writer would like to oee a good poem
written en these lines, and the subject is a
great one. He therefore offers to give for the
best poems written on this general subject ?400
as first prize, $200 as second prize and $100 ao
third prize; the competition to be decided by a
committee of three, one to be the editor of th
Sun and the othera to be Mr. T. B. Aldrich and
Mr. E. C. Stedman, If those gentlemen will be
willing to serve on such a committee. All
poems to be sent In to the editor of the Sun
before October 15 next. Brevity, strength of
sentiment and expression and llterary,grace and
beauty to be the factors of merit.
RESPONSIBILITY.
New York, July 28.
The poem which had suggested to the
mind of "Responsibility" the Idea set
forth in his letter and stimulated him to
make the somewhat unusual offer of $700
In money prizes for corrective versifica
tion, is here printed:
THE MAN WITH THE HOE.
(Written after seeing Millet's world - famous
painting.)
By Edwin Markham.
Bowed by tho weight of centuries, he leans
Upon his hoe and gazes on the ground,
The emptiness of cges In his face
Hid on his back the burden of the world.
V 'ho made him dead to rapture and despair
A (thing that grieves not and that ne er hope
Sti 'Hd and stunned, a brother to the ox?
Wl o lcowned and let down this brutal Jaw?
Wh was the hand that slanted back this
Arow?
Who V: breath blew out the light within this
.Sraln?
Is this the thing Lord God made and gave
To hav ? dominion over sea and land,
To trai e the stars and ssarch the heavens for
po rer.
To feel 5ie passion ot Eternity?
Is this tK Dream. He dreamed who shaped the
pans'
And plllai ted the blue firmament with light?
Dow n nil .he stretch of hell, to Its last gulf,
There lsm shape more terrible than this
More tongv fed with censure of the world's bllnJ
greed--More
filled' with signs end portents for the
soul
More fraught with menace to the universe.
What gulfs b itween Mm. and the ceraphim!
Slave of the i theel of labor, what to him
Are Plato andthe twtng, of Pleiades?
What the long reache it the peaks of song,
Tho rift of dawtn, the mddenlng of the rcsef
Through this dread o!tape the suffering, ages
look.
Time's-tragedy 4s In thtot aching stoop.
Through this dr i.id slu ipe humanity, betrayed,
Plundered, prof.cied aru disinherited,
Cric-s protest to he Ju Jges of the World,
A protest that Is also i rophecy.
O masters, lords and n ilera In all lands.
Is this the handiwork .ou give to God
This monstrous thins, distorted and eoul-
quenched?
How will iou,ever straighten up this shapes
Give back the upward flooklng and the light)
Rebuild In It the mus fc and the dream.
Touch It again with Immortality. '
Make right the lmmcfenorial infamies.
Perfidious wrongs, inlmdicabl woes?
O masters, .lords and -rulers la all lands.
How will the Future reckon with this Man?
How answer hlu brufts question in that hour
When whirhTlnds of, rebellion shake the world?
Hew will It bo wtth "kingdoms and with kings
With those who soaped him to the thing he is
When this- dumb Tew or shall reply to God,
After the Silence of the centurles7
Oakland. Cal.
Tho Sim at once guaranteed the good
faith of "Responsibility's" offer, and likewise-
his ability to redeem his promises.
At the request of this gentleman, the, Sun
received, .until October 15, manuscripts
submitted m competition. A,bout 1000
poems wore sent In. They came from
nearly every state of the Union, and from
several forefen-countrles. The entire batch
of poems was then submitted by "Respon
sibility" to a. committee of award, consist
ing of Mr. TShpmas Bailey Aldrich and Mr.
Edmund Clanonce Stedman.
The Avrtr.artl of the Committee.
To "Respomabillty" Dear Sir: The num
ber of mannacrlRts submitted In competi
tion for the pitizes offered, by you for the
best three poeins In answer to Mr. Mark
ham's "The an With the Hoe," amount
ed to nearly ,1000, of widen only a email
percentage has) seemed entitled to the care
ful consideration given to them alL The
pieces set aside for repealed readings pre
sented features which made decision diffi
cult. Poems manifestly superior In con
ception and technique sitrayed widely from
the subject'prescrtbed.' That the subject
was generally misunderstood or under
stood confusedly, both' by the contestants
and by the public at la -go, was owing to
the fact that Mr. Mari ham's "brother to
the ox" finds no counterpart in any class
of tollers In this country where he who
manfully handles the hoe or grasps the
railway brake may himself one day employ
an army of workmen or hold the helm of
state.
The poems which dealt the closest with
Mr. Markham's conception of Millet's
painting were, for the most part. lr.ck.ns
I In poetic quality. Among Jjo 1000 inanu-
scripts examined, we- have found no single
poem entirely fulfilling both the polemic
and the literary requirements In the case.
It was, however, our duty to award prizes
to the three poerrfs which, In our judgment,
came nearest to accomplishing this, and
we have therefore selected the following
pieces, naming them in the order of their
estimated distinction:
"The Man With the Hoe (A Reply to Ed
win Markham)." By John Vance Cheney.
First prize.
"The Incapable." By Hamilton Schuyler.
Second prize.
"A Song (In Answer to "The Man With
the Hoe)." By Kate Masterson. Third
prize.
In accepting the task with which you
honored us we were mindful of tho fact
that tho spur to great poetry has never
been a spur of gold. Furthermore, the
contesting poet was handicapped by a
theme that had lost Its novelty: his poem
at best could be only the reverse of Mr.
Markham's medal a suggested, and,
therefore, unoriginal, design. It remains
to bo sa'd that the average merit of the
productions submitted to us. written In
many Instances, as was evident, by un
practised pens, went beyond our expecta
tion. Regretting that our fortune In the mat
ter has not been wholly commensurate to
your public spirit, we are. dear sir, very
respectfully yours, T. B. ALDRICH,
E. a STEDMAN.
January 22, 1903.
The Three Prize Poems.
THE MAN WITH THE HOE.
(A reply to Edwin Markham.)
"Let us a little permit Nature to take her
own way; Pbe better understands her own. af
fairs than we." Montaigne.
Nature reads not our labels, "great'' and
"small1: l
Accepts ehe one and all
Who, striving, win and hold the vacant place;
All tare of royal race.
Him, thee, rough-cast, with rigid arm and
limb.
The Mother moulded him, " (
Of his rude realm ruler and demigod.
Lord of the reck and clod.
With Nature Is-no "better" and no "worse,"
On this bared head, no curse.
Huihbled'lt is and bowed; so Is he crowned
Whose kingdom Is the ground.
Diver tho burdens on the one stern read
Where bears each back its load;
Varied the toll, but neither high nor low.
With pen or sword or hoe,
H that has put out strength, lo, he Is etrong;
Of him with spade cr song
Nature but questions, "This one, shall he
stay?"
She answers "Yea" or "Nay,"
"Well, 111, he digs, he sings;" and he bides on,
Or shudders, and Is gone.
Strength shall he have, the toller, strength and
grace.
So fitted to his place
As he leaned, there, an osfc where sea winds
blow.
Our brother with the hoe.
No blot, no monster, no unsightly thing.
The soil's Iong-llneaged king;
His changeless realm, he knows It-and com
mands; '
Erect enough he stands.
Tall as his toll. Nor does h bow unblest;
Labor he has, and rest.
For him and such as he.
For him. and such as h
Cart for the gap, with gnarled arm and limb.
The Mother moulded him,
Long wrought, and molded him with mother's
care,
Before she set him there.
And aye ehe-gives him, mindful of her own.
Peace of the plant, the otone;
Yea, since above his work he may not rise.
She makes the field his skies;
&el she that bore him, and metes out the lot.
He serves her. Vex him not
To scqrn the rock whence he was hewn, the pit
And what was digged from It;
Lest he no more In native virtue stand,
The eath-eword In his hand.
But follow sorry phantoms to and fro.
And let a kingdom go.
Chicago. John Vance Cheney.
THE INCAPABLE.
The pathos of the world Is In his eyes.
Within his brain abortive schemlngo roll,
His nerveless hand in lmpotency lies
With palm held open for the pauper's dole.
The burden of all Ineffectual things
Is In his gait, his countenance, his mien;
While round his harassed brow forever clings
The mocking ghost of what he might have
been.
Here, where men toil and eat the fruit of toll.
He Idly stands apart the whole day through;
Here, In a land of ceaseless work and moll.
His hand and brain can find him naught to do.
No Bweat of manly effort damps his brow;
Ii workshop, field or mart he hath no place.
To earn his dally bread he Knows not how,
Or Hcornful, counts the offered means dis
grace. Too proud to dig, yet not too proud to eat
The bread of strangers to his face and name;
Homeless, he warders with uncertain feet.
Of thrift the scorn, of fate the idle garne.
What though he wear the hall mark of the
schools, ,
A weakling in the world, he stands confessed;
For lack cf will to use the humbler tools.
He walks the earth a byword and a Jtot.
The precious promise of hla youthful years.
All unfulfilled, upon his manhood waits.
He wakens to his shame with bitter tears
And knows himself to be the thing he hates.
Incapable! His destiny we cpell
In logic of inexorable fact;
At naught may his untutored hand xcel;
The curse of, Reuben blasts his every act,
The ploughman whistles blithely as he goes
And turns upon the world no coward face,
In Jcy he reaps that which In hope he sows.
Nor bows hla head to aught but Heaven's
grace.
The craftsman, too, rejoices In the thing
To fashion which his cunning hand wai
taught;
Of want he feels nor fears the bitter sting.
In manhood's strength his destiny Is wrougut.
But this one, futll, hopeless, crushed to earth,
A prey forever to forebodings grim.
Well may he curse the day that gave him birth.
And summon God and Man to pity him.
Orange, N. J. Hamilton Schuyler.
A SONO.
On answer to "The Man With the Hoe.")
From Giant-forests, hewn.
And golden fields cf grain;
From the furrowed hills and the belching mills
With their fuel of band and brain;
From the mountain's mln-dug depth
To star-paths made by men,
Sounte one veet song that rolls along
And circles the world again:
Work Let the anvils clang!
Work Let us sew the seam!
Let us bind the girth of the mighty earth
With the music of our theme!
Sing ns the wheels spin round.
Laugh at th red sparks' flight,
And life will flash from the sledge's clash
Till all the land la light!
Over the deserts' waste .
We measure the miles of chain
Till the Steam King roars frcm bath the shores
And rends the hills In twain.
We search In the ocean's bed.
And bridge where the torrent hurled.
And we stretch a wire like a line ef fire
To signal through the world!
You with your tinsel crowns
And Kingdoms of crumbling clay,
Ycu with gold In Its yellow mould
Rotting your lives away,
Best when the task Is done.
Sleep when the day goes by.
And the jweat of the hand that plews the land
Are gems that you cannot buy!
Work Let the anvils clang!
Work Let us sew tr-e seam!
Let us bind the girth of the mighty earth
With the story of cur theme!
Sing as the wheels sl round.
Largh at the red sparksT MgM,
Ami lit wttl fleefc fesm Ike aCgm eteak
Till all Oh; fantd le BgBt!
From the wealth of the MVtng age,
Fxeea the garden grave of death.
Cornea one aclatm Ilka a faraMe Xmn
Famed to a wMta hot areata.
Honor the Man who Tolte
And the sound of the anvirr ring:
From a deatMere sky a hand as Mgh
Ue reached te make a Klrg!
- aee JaaeiecaaBii
Ob'scnrcd.
Chieago Tlns-HraM.
"I understand that there Is a .wec In
Chicago from the top of which yo earn
look Into four states."
"Yes; but you can't sea Chicago from
It.
"How's that'"
"The top of it rises above the smoke "
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AXDERSOX. GOSTAHr. Ateney-at-Law
ASSOCIATE NtESg; B. U FoweJU Mr
LMTg ASSOCIATION, of Desl
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