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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1900)
THltf MOKNINgr OKEGO-NIAN, FRIDAY, JANUARY 19, 1900. 10 DANIELWEBSTER,BYDR.HART)OFHARVAD:j Copyright, JS99. y THPnPFnnNiAW ! U3ME STUDY CIRCL&: ItltUKtOUNIANS 1'"L'J , GREAT AMERICAN STATESMEN 1 Contributors tothis course: $J? Trot. Charfc H. Smith. Dr. -i!"0.!!: Slrs, Prof. Andrew C. Mclaughlin thcra- XrVV-DAXIEL -WEBSTER. By Professor Albert Bushnell laT 2sTo man can be as great as he loo fcs." was the -comment made upon Webster w an Englishman who met him for the fli time. The remark was a prophecy as we u as a characterization, for great as was Danlfl Webster, he did not nil up ine measure of his own capacities. Born in 17E2 in the backwoods of New Hampshire, throughout his life Webster had the advantage of associating with men of power. Like Salmon P. Chase and Thaddeus Stevens, who also were brought up in the New England hill country, he found an intellectual stim ulus in the country folk and in the little college which he attended. From child hood up people loved him, admired him and favored him; he easily got into onff of the best law offices in Boston and had the friendship and professional rivalry of the great Jeremiah Mason, of New Hampshire. Thenceforth, he associated' freely with the most intellectual and highly -trained men of his epoch, and throughout most of his life he combined laborious public duties with a lucrative private practice of the law. The first period of Webster's public ser vice brought out at once his skill as a parliamentarian and his ability as a plead ed. Prom 1&3 to 1S17 he was a member of the house of representatives at Wash ington, and distinguished himself by his unyielding opposition to Madison's ad ministration and to the war of 1S12: he was one of the federalists who refused to vote men or money for what they be lieved to be an unjust war. In 1818, when only 26 years old, he made his most fa mous argument before the supreme court, that on the celebrated Dartmouth college case; the principle which he argued and which the court sustained was that a state could not revoke the charter of a corporation, if once granted without re striction; and he thus had a great part In establishing 'a most important pillar of our present system of constitutional law, ' Webster re-entered congress in 1823. and during the remaining 30 years of his life he was never out of the public service lor more than a few months; and he came forward as the greatest orator in a perioa of eoquence and as the champion ot tfte principle of nationality. Majestic in pres ence, with a countenance bold and com- manding, a voice which vibrated like the peals of diminishing thunder, perfect ly self-possessed, his words springing to gether with power and sweetness, no won der that thousands crowded together to hear him speak. Webster began his career as an orator in a time when the tradition of the eloquence of the Revolution was still strong, when many living men had been swept off their feet by a torrent of Patrick Henry's disconnected rhetoric; yet Webster was always a natural and conversational speaker, never depending for his effects upon a climax of striking words thrown together into an impas sioned appeal; distrusting effects of voice And gesture, fcut irresistible in the appeal of his tremendous nature to lesser minds. He was an orator of the -modern school, which requires easy, persuasive, almost conversational manner, but he re-enforced his ease with a power, and Intensity which carried all before it. The greatest test of Webster's genius as an orator was his parliamentary duel with Hayne. of South Carolina, in 1830. Every school boy knows how upon an in nocent little resolution as to the public lands there arose the most Interesting constitutional debate in American history, and how Webster, in January, 1S30, pre faced his speech with his famous simile: 'When a mariner has been tossed for many days in thick weather and on an unknown sea. he naturally avails himself of the flist pause in the storm, the earliest glance of the sun, to take his latitude and ascertain how Xar the elements have driven him from his true course." In reality, Hayne was only a sort of stalk ing horse; the man whom Webster was attacking sat as presiding officer of the senate; It was John C. Calhoun, vice president of the United States. The speech was in reality a reply to Calhoun's doctrine of nullification, which that wily statesman had a few months before set forth in what was called the "South Caro. lina exposition." What Webster sought was an oppsrtunlty to meet and to refute the doctrine that the Union and the exercise of national powers were subject to the will of Individual states. Web ster war not the only man to see that the Union was what was afterward called an "indestructible union of imperishable states"; his service was, by the power of his splendid oratory, his clear-cut thought, his high patriotism, to express the national feeling which was conscious of Itself, yet unable to give a reason for its being. We are affected "by such statements much as was the gentleman who went to hoar "Hamlet" for the first time, and thought it was "too full of quotations." Webster's doctrine is the every-day doc trine now, but in 1S30 it was denied by Cal houn and by a large school of Southern and even Northern statesmen; and Web ster put it into a form where school children can learn it by heart and yet where the most renowned constitutional lawyers are glad to borrow his argument. Webster did not save the Union, but he taught the irresistible argument for union which has been repeated until It is accepted by all parties and by all sec tions. Three years later, Calhoun was free to express his own mind, and he entered the lists against the Massachusetts senator In defense of the same doctrine of nullifica tion, and again Webster pointed out with a'l the force of his marvelous logic the abyss into which nullification would plunge the country. "Sir, those who es pouse the doctrine of nullification reject, as It seems to me, the first great princi ple of all republican legislation that is, that the majority must govern." Shortly after these two debates parties -were reconstituted, and Webster, by his natural preference, found himself a mem ber of the whig organization, to which he adhered, with some intervals of Independ ency, throughout his life. In 1S40 Harri son was elected the first whig president, and his choloe for secretary of state fell upon Webster. His principal service to the president was to revise the Inaugural address and to cut out the old-fashioned classical allusions. By this time the question of slavery, and especially of the extension of slave territory, nad come to be the most im portant controversy before the public, and during the years from 1S42 to 1850 Webster was compelled to take ground. It was his natural instinct to d.islike slavery; he had protested against the opening up of the Missouri territory to slavery in 1819; he had anathematized the New Englanders who still found a profit in the illicit slave trade; he had early declared, "I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest evils, both moral and political"; he op posed the annexation -of Texas, and dep recated the Mexican war. On the other hand, he never had any sympathy with the abolitionists, or even with ardent and persistent anti-slavery men like John Qulncy Adams, and when tho question came to a head in the campaign of 1S48 he faltered, and a few months later made his best-known, though not his best, speech. There -are but two days in American his tovy which tell their own story without explanation the Fourth of. July and the 7th of March and the latter of these two days marks Webster's deliberate and final speech, upon slavery. Senator Chase arete to his friend Sumner on that very Eeymoar Eaton.) DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON JJ "Va! "Va! Massachusetts has spoken such a speech! Nothing proposed r nothing apparently thought of but abso- lutt and "unconditional surrender. Will1 not -Faneuil hall thunder once more?" There was some reason in the violent feeling of the anti-slavery people toward Webster, lor they had hoped that, without adopting their principle of eternal war upon slavery, he might take the ground that the -time had come at last to limit the hated institution within the bounda- rles of the then slaveholding states. It .... ....A ....... ...1. ta Ttt.M s Afiln.a 'T would not take pains uselessly to reaffirm i an ordinance of nature nor to re-enact a law of God." Chase asked, pertinently: i "What else should lawmakers do than ,V reaffirm the ordinances of God?" ilany extreme abolitionists Insisted that ' Webster was blddi ig for Southern votes in the convention of 1852. The charge is u. inecessary. Webster sincerely loved the .Vnion, and nowhere in his writing is th'ere a more noble apostrophe to the Union, a more strenu ous arraignment of secession, than in this very speech. The real difficulty which affected his whole charat fcer and life was a lack of comprehension of the moral is sue, a lack of understanc ng of the dan ger to the Union from the continuance of slavery. He was not one of those who lay awake nights in indignation at the arrogance of the slave .power, or the national humiliation of slave y. The tor rent of denunciation he met w.th the story of the old farmer who refus ?d to clear his paths because "he did not mean to clear off the snow until it stop ped snow ing." Webster could not unders tand that the snow of criticism would ne,er cease falling unt'l it had become a glacli" which should grind to powder the appare utly In destructible rock of slavery. Webster was. with all his lndi ridual power, a man extremely susceptible to influence; throughout his life he had been accustomed to receive from time to t'Jnie the financial aid of the rich New Eng land whlgs, and there Is a story of Boston gentleman who was visited by o,le I of the too frequent canvassers for a fun d to pay off Daniel Webster's debts. He generously subscribed J1000, and when in due time he was reminded of his pledge he turned In a note of hand or $1000, signed by the great man. The collector Insisted that he could not pay Daniel Webster's debts with Daniel Webster's notes, and the subscriber was compelled to relinquish a second $1000 In clear cash. The truth is that Webster occupied the position of a public man whose ultimate support was the subscriptions of fellow countrymen, and It was Inevitable that his own comfort and peace of mind should seem to him of large importance; on the other hand, he could not help being insen sibly affected by what he knew to be the opposition of his warm friends, the "cot ton whigs" of New England. They 'de sired a compromise and thought the con cession that slavery might go into new ter ritory a small affair In comparison with harmony between the sections. Webster reflected the views of those honest and iuhculcu me ucn ui muou uurai Aliu j patriotic but mistaken men; had he been j at this time a sun shining by his own j light, instead of a cold, reflective moon, how much more splendid would be his rep utation! He persuaded himself that It was in his power to save the Union by Inducing his friends to vote for the com promise, and having reached that conclu sion he was doubtless pleased to see that saving the Union was a good road to the presidency. His attitude was not so much wrong as feeble; where was the Web- ' ster who had confronted the whole might . of nullification oratory? Where was the weDster wno naa oearaea tne great An- drew Jackson? Where was The Webster who had defied his own party and asked them as the most serious question of their lives, "Where am I to go?" Where was the Webster who had combated the an nexation of Texas? Had he possessed the convictions of John Qulncy Adams, or even the shrewd farsight of William H. Seward, he would havo placed himself at the head of the opposition to the ex tension of slavery; he -would have begun the work Abraham Lincoln was to take up, and he would have gone down.to pos terity as -a hero who dared anything for his principles. Yet nothing can take away from Web ster the palm of a greatness all his own, for he was advocate, statesman, diploma tist and orator all In one. He wanted to be president, surely a worthy ambition; he rendered an inestimable service to his country In his steadfast advocacy of na tionality. His fault was that his vision became obscured. Had, he possessed the firmness of Washington or the devotion to principle of Abraham Lincoln, he might have stood next to them in the Talhalla of American statesmen. And if we must rank him lower than Jefferson, lower than Hamilton, lower than Marshall, yet his spirit might say of himself, as Dante said when he found himself amid the galaxy of ancient poets, "And I was sixth in all that might of mind." Harvard University. vResrnrcUeH of Politics. Atlanta (Ga.) Journal, dem. Both democrats nd republicans are con spicuous In the array of reckless pension legislators, or would-be legislators in con gress. Lentz of Ohio, democrat, prances gaily to the front with a service pension bill which would add at least 5100.090,000 a year to the $144,000,000 we are already pay ing on the pension account. As the Lentz bin would provide for pensions to all who served In the Union army during the civil war, there was nothing left for pld man Cullom of Illinois to do, when he endeav ored to distinguish himself as a pension- r - v ' " s DANIEL WEBSTER. owSAi grabber, but to Introduce in the senate a bill to penslo i deserters. JChls he has- J done with an at Eurance worthy oC a bet ter cause. Is el" iher the democratic or the j republican part r prepared to indorse the measure which an alleged representative , of each has ha jd the gall to proposed the subject of pensions? If so, neith 'on of those parties is fit to govern the caun- ; try. We are fin n in the faith that a great . majority of derc pcrats consider the li'entz bill the trick of a cheap demagogue and that the great majority of republicans ( have a contempt) for both Cullom and his deserters' pensio n. bill. I I I 1.A 1 j WHAT SO DTH AFRICA IS. General Accjount of the Features of t he Country. Alnsli e's Magazine. You land in So uth Africa at the foot of a mountain 3600 leet high. They call it Table mountain, and the veil of mist that, excepting on veiy clear days, overhangs it. South Africans are pleased to term ttte "Tablecloth."" Presenting a front of solid rock, 1000 feet inllielght, perpendicu lar as a wall, and for half a mile on top level, this mountain offters the best natural signboard on earth. T une and again have English Arms attempt led with fabulous sums to secure it for advertising purposes, but, as yet, there has bcien no such deface ment. Table mountain mark the tip end of the Dark Continent. Below it nestles the city of Cape Town, a beautiful bay stretching out in the foreground. On the west the mountain breaks off abri tptly, and the rail road skirts about it to the interior. On the east it slopes off Into a hilly, pic turesque form ition, kno wn as the "Lion's Back," and then gradu tlly rises into the Drakensburg mountains. This Is- the only great mountain, range couth of the Zam besi, and by noting its location one may understand in a trice 'just what South Africa is geographically. Steaming' along the east coast from Crpe Colotny north ward, you have the Drakensburg In view nearly all the way to Belra, a distance of 2000 miles. In -Cape Colony and: Natal the mountains in many places dip to the water's edge, and with a field! glass one may see on their crags and peaks smoke curling up from the native villages. In Portuguese territory the mountains recede slightly from the coast, and at Delagoa bay there Is an intervening stretch of .lowland 20 miles wide. At Belra this has Increased to 60 miles. At the Hambesl' the Drakensburg ends. To get Into the interior of South Africa unom any of the five east-coast 1 uidlng places, Port EllzaJeth, East 1 ondon, Durban, Delagoa bay and E tlrar one must cross a short ex tent of lowland and then ascend Bte ep mountains. Having arrived there, the tra rcler is conscious of. little or no de scer, t, five-sixths of 'the whole Interior be ing ft vast plateau that extends to the Zaml esl on the north, the Atlantic ocean on th west, and varies In altitude from 3000 to 6000 feet above the sea level. A fringe of tropical country, where bloom tho mat tnolla and the rose, where flourish the ora use, pineapple, lemon, guava, grape, b nana, the cotton and the tea plant; a ong stretch of mountains run ning parallel with the Indian ocean, the highest pea s or, which are capped with snow, and I wnose vaueys wave tracts of wheat antA com; a vast prairie, dotted hcre and tnc re wth patches of scrub woodland, mis ?on stations and immense farms with mi llons of sheep and cattle grazing thereon; a few thousand hamlets scattered like o.ses over a great land scape made black by the native Africans who live In thatchi 3 huts, and wear but a breech clout; a do. ten large towns where Is heard the clang of the American trolley car and the clatter of the police patrol, and about which m i cluster as flies gather to a jar of sweets; the remnants of a one mighty zoological garden,. Including many leopards, beautlfuM and lithe, ba vr, tir, wb-oio on 1. boons, antelone. iackals and crocodiles. a less number oijrippopoiaml.and a f ew herds of buffalo, elephantsand giraffes; some iron ore, some coal, . some copper, and a Httlo .silver; 40 miles of gold and 100 acres of diamonds. ThAt is South Africa. k o - The Cause of the War.' - ''-Silver Lake Herald. - The following sentence appearted In a bona flde Transvaal publication oi recent date: "Telt men de torpen samen, Ibe vplgens englsche officleele opagevn ovor den oor log oorden ultgurst, don kont men tot eene stekte van 32,000 man; getutend& de eerste eeken mag er echter slecth3 oor den grekend op de ult Indie komeude txoe pen; voor de moblelmaklng en.het verover van de engelsche afdeellgngen omet men mlnstens andernalve manned rokenen, zood atnaueelljks voor midden of l elnde November, waarschljnlljk nog later; de oorlogssterkkte In a frlka zal brelkt zljjn; aldus beschouwd, was net rekken wan englsche zijde verklaarhaar genocg." Part of the cause of the Transvaal war is said to be that the Boers Insisted that the children of the Ultlanders learn, this language, and they concluded to fight rather than attempt It. o Explanation for Senator Clark.' Kansas City Journal. Senator Clark makes It all plain. He left the details of his candidacy to an agent. If this agent was so imprudent as to spend his loose pocket change to the amount of $30,000 to secure an election, Mr. Clark, of course, was not to blame. He can't' prevent people from spending their money. Evidently the agent ought to be reprimanded. f o Divination. Detroit Free Press. Mrs. Bingo You went to MIckleman, the palmist, didn't ypu? And. how was he? Mrs. Klngley Wonderful! His powers of divination are Teally marvelous." , "What did he say?" , v ., 3 - "He said I would be without a- serynt . for nearly a monh." RiyALRY FOR EXPORTS COMPETITION BETWEEN ATIANTIC AND "GULF PORTS. Corn Shipment Constantly Increase Less Wheat Last Year An Analy sis of the Movement WASHINGTON, Jan. 17. The rivalry between the great Atlantic and Qulf ports of the United States regarding their rela tive, share in the exportation of the prod ucts of the country lends interest to a series of statements Just completed by the treasury bureau of statistics, showing the exports of corn, wheat and flour from the United States and from these ports In the calendar year 1S99, compared with preceding years. The figures, it should be premised, show a falling off in exportation of wheat in ISM as compared with 1898, which was an abnormally heavy year; th,e corn exports of 1S99 are about the same as those of 1B9S, but greatly In excess of any preced ing years, while the flour exports of 1KJ9 are slightly larger than those of any pre ceding year, being 18,900,000 barrels, against 16,569,904 in 1S9S and 17,408,713 bar rels in 1892. Exportations of corn have grown stead ily during the decade, starting with 86, '000,000 bushels, in 1890 and ending with 207,--000,000 bushels in 1S99, the growth having been steadily upward and no preceding year equaling the figures of 1898 and" 1899. In wheat there has been a much greater fluctuation, the years 1891 and 1892 showing an exportation of nearly 130,000,000 bush els each, 1894 and 1S95 dropping to about one-half that quantity, while 1898 made kthe highest record of our exportations yithl49,24585 bushels, 1899 'again dropping to ahout the normal or average amount with -111,000,000 bushels. Flour has stead ily Increased, the exports of 1890 being 11,319,456 barrels, and those of 1899 18,900, 000, an lnorease of over SO per cent. The following table shows the exporta tion from the United States of corn, wheat and flour in each calendar year ff om 1890, to and Including 18S9, the figures of 1899 being subject to slight revision: Corn, bu. Wheat, bu. Flour, bbls 1890 86,817,220 1891 30,693,505 1892 77,471,179 1893 55,143,918 1S94 41,806,711 1895 6I,956,63S 1896 131.960,530 1897 189,127,570 1898 207.309,381 1899 207,800,000 49.271.580 11,319,456 129,638,934 125.518,441 108.377,569 72.523.3S9 66,80-1,686 83,755,829 109,909,328 149,245,685 111,000,000 13,023,692 17,408,713 16,440,603 16,056,590 14.52S.761 15,855,836 13,596,359 16,569,904 18,900,000 The analysis of movement of export by ports shows that in the exports of corn several of the great ports on the Atlantic and Gulf are gaining upon New York, and that the movement from the grain fields toward the seaboard is apparently being more generally distributed than formerly. The exports of corn, for Instance, from the port of New York increased from 13,500,000 to 40,000,000 bushels between 1893 and 1839, an increase of 200 per cent, while those from Boston Increased from 5,500,000 to 17,500,000; those from Philadelphia, from 4,000,000 to 29,000,000; Baltimore, from 7,500, 000 to 46,000,000; New Orleans, from 6,500, 000 to 22,000,000; while Newport News and Galveston, for which the record begins with 1S95, show for Newport News an In crease from 4,333,333 In 1895 to 14,000,000 in 1899, and Galveston, from 1,250,000 In 1895 to 7,000,000 in 1899. Thus Philadelphia, Baltimore, Newport News, New Orleans and Galveston show a much larger per centage of growth In their exports of corn than does New York or Boston. In wheat exportations, Boston has made greater gains than any other Atlantic port, the total having grown from 3,934,125 bush els, in 1893, to 11,567.887 in 1899, while at New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and New Orleans, the figures for 1899 are In each case actually less than In 1893, the figures for New York being 36,437,499 bush els In 1893 and 26,830,386 in 1899; Philadel phia, 5,057,398 bushels In 1893, and 4,013,927 In 1S99; Baltimore, 13,048,702 bushels In 1893, and 9,549,270 In 1899, and New Orleans, 12,896,734 bushels In 1893 and 11,562,812 in 1899; Galveston, however, shows a marked gain, the figures for 1896 being 3,438,333 bushels, and those of 1899, 156,713,400. Prior to 1896 the wheat exportations from Gal veston were small, seldom reaching 1,000, 000 bushels, but in 1896 they amounted to 3,438,369 bushels, and have steadily grown until, as already indicated, they were, In 1899, 15,713,400 bushels, In spite of the fact that the total exports of wheat from the United States In 1899 were materially be low those of the preceding year. In flour also, the drift appears to be away from New York, whose exports of flour in 1S93 were 6,448,931 barrels, and In 1899, 4,741,035, while Philadelphia, Balti more, Newport News, Norfolk, New Or leans and Galveston show more or less in creases" In 1899 as compared with 1893. 'PLYMOUTH ROCK" OF PACIFIC Suggestion That Fort Clatsop Re ceive Oregon's Fostering Care. PORTLAND Jan. 15. (To the Editor.) Fort Clatsop, In Clatsop county, Oregon, was so named by Lewis and Clark In 1805-6, when they wintered there. It Is the first soil and first spot on the Pacific coast upon which the flag of the United States wi-s planted by officers and sol diers of the army of the United States by direction of the president. There the flrst trees were felled, tho flrst lands cleared, and tho flrst houses built by people of the United States. Yet it is almost up known, a! most forgotten, though it Is the Plymouth rock of the Pacific coast, and deserves to be marked so prominently and permanently that all future generations may be a ble to find It. Fort CI atsop has had many a- claimant and owik r within the last 50 years. Lewis and Clark gave It to the Clatsop chief, Co-mo-wool, as they spelled It, but his descendai its say It Is Co-ba-way, who used it during the remainder of his life as a winter home. In 1849, S. M. Henell, of Astoria, put a man on the place to make some Imj provements, expecting himself to take It up under the donation act, but in 1850 Thomas Scott, whom I knew well later on, Jumped It, and established a claim to It. However, he held It but a short tlfme, when he traded It to Carloss W. Shas le for Ka-lots-ka, which had been the hot no of Twitch and his tllllcums (people) from time immemorial, and after wards 'became my place. C. W. Shane lived at: Fort Clatsop until 1852, when he vacated it for his brother, F. D. Shane, and took up another claim, higher up the river. About that date R. M. Moore came there ;o build a large saw mill, and the lines of the Shane claim were moved north so as to make room for Moore, giving him the old Levis and Clark land infprfice, where he erected his mill. Fort Chilsqp soon became a lively place, with 35 or 40 people, all busy clearing land, culjtlng sawlogs, sowing lumber, etc. For two or three years there was hardly a week that did not find one or more ships the (rev loading with lumber for San Fran clsno. I have seen five there at one time. In the? meantime, the young growth of tlm ber that had overgrown the old Lewis and Clairk clearing had been cleared away, planted in orchard, and put Into cultiva tion. In 1854 the milling business became so ttnprofltable that the mill closed down, and 'Fort Clatsop's prosperity came to a final end. Fort Clatsop precinct In 1853 polled 56 votts. In 1856 there was but one voter and but one Inhabitant in the entire pre clncf. The general Indian war prevailing In tie territory frightened and drove the people all away to the towns. In the summers of I860, '61 and '62, Cap tain Shattuck, of. the United States reve nue cutter Joe Lane, stationed at As toria, took his ship to Fort Clatsop each year to overhaul, repair, paint and clean ther. But then came the great civil war. and the Joe Lane was ordered away, and Fort Clatsop soon greyy into a wilderness as silent and gloomy as when Lewis "and Clark found It. ' But away along In the '.70s one of the Shane heirs took possession of the place, and for the third time the land was cleared and an attempt made to make an Important place of Fort Clatsop. The owners of the property, aided by others, cut out and graded a good wagon road from there to Clatsop plains, and through the Influence of Ben Holladay, the O. R. & N. Co. was Induced to run their steamers during the seashore season di rect to Fort Clatsop, where the passen gers were met by stages to convey them to the seaside resorts. But this route to the seashore was soon abandoned, and the resound of civilization was no longer heard at Fort Clatsop; and I believe It Is still silent and alone to this day. Fort Clatsop has received some atten tion from writers and historians In past years. In 1812 Ross Cox, In his book, said: "I visited Fort Clatsop, and found the logs "of the party still standing and marked with the names of many of the party." In the narrative of J. K. Town send, a noted naturalist, published in 1S34, he says: "I walked today down around the beach (from Astoria) to the foot of Young's bay, to see the remains of the house in which Lewis and Clark resided. The logs of which It was com posed are still perfect, the roof of bark has disappeared, and the whole vicinity is overgrown with thorns an.d wild cur rants." But the fact is, Mr. Townsend did not get within four miles of Fort Clatsop, and only found some old, deserted Indian house, on the south side of Point George, later known as "Smith's Point." now as Taylor's point. He would have had to cross Young's bay, which is two miles wide, and then walk through an almost Impenetrable Jungle 2 miles further. The houses which Lewis and Clark built were covered with boards which they split, and not with bark. In the same paragraph Mr. Townsend says: "Ons of Mr. BIrnle's children found, a few days since, a large silver medal, which had been brought here by Lewis and Clark, and had probably been pre sented to some chief, who lost It. On one side was a head, with the name, 'Th. Jefferson, President of the United States, 1801'; on the other, two hands, in terlocked, surrounded by a pipe and toma hawk, and above the words "Peace and Friendship." This Mr. Blrnie was the well-known Major Blrnie, who later established, named, lived and died at Cathlamet, on the Columbia, 25 miles above Astoria. He came to Astoria In about 1820, and was one of the principal men in the Hudson's Bay Company- in Oregon. Now, I believe the state of Oregon should possess herself of Fort Clatsop, and keep it forever in commemoration of the spot on which the flag of the United States was flrst planted on the Pacific coast, and of that marvelous exploration of Lewis and Clark which did so much to establish our claim and secure to the United States this vast Northwestern empire. P. W. GILLETTE. ' o A PROBLEM OF THE PRESENT Value of Technical Training for Home-Makers. REPUBLIC, Wash., Jan. 12. (To the Editor.) Straws indicate the direction of the prevailing winds, and the meeting recently held in Portland, by the Commer cial Club,' in the interest o'f technical edu cation, is one of the significant signs of the present century demand for improved methods of development required by an advancing civilization. Every age has had some special problem to solve. Whenever people succeeded in finding the right solution, history records prosperity; whenever they failed to find the right answer to the riddle of the Sphinx we are informed that disaster be fell them. It seems as if fate proposes the various problems, and all who keep closely in touch with the spirit of the time cannot fall to observe rising out of the obscuring fogs of the past, a noble, broad, Just conception of life, and individ ual responsibility. Through the complex development of civilization based on competition, wom an has nojt stood still, and we wish to speak " a word for her, m the consideration of technical training. She has been driven forward by a social development that prevents any backward retreat. She must go forward, and should therefore have placed In her hands the alpenstock that Is necessary for man to carry for his support, as' well as de fense. The new avenues that have opened to woman are not new creations. They al ways existed, but were not developed un til "necessity" became "the mother of invention," when the great depression of financial affairs came as one of the causes of the evolution. Parents who thought it unnecessary to permit their daughters to learn some mode of livelihood are compelled to have the female portion of the family self-sustaining, and they are rising to the emergency. If they are given technical education pertaining to their sphere, In the arena of conflicting forces, they will not cripple their brothers by being obliged to lag behind, stumbling and falling, despite their bravest efforts. Herbert Spencer says: "The function which education has to perform Is to pre pare us for complete living." Who will question that the knowledge of how to make an Ideal home Is an all-Important factor in "complete living"? Then why not place domestic science, with Its myr iad branches, along with your scheme for technical education? The proper prep aration of food Is a vital problem, and the relation of nutriment to personal mor ality Is ,no longer to be Ignored. Whether a woman knows It or not; whether she cares or not, this fact great ly determines the family life, and It can not be repeated too often, that the des tiny of nations depends upon the home life. It Is but little appreciated that there is a great moral significance underlying the processes which are going on even In our much despised kitchens. Every vital function, whether of brain or tissue, depends for Its perfect completeness on the homely details of baking, broiling or stewing. We all know that angelic traits of char acter never come from a diet of pork and soggy potatoes, nor manly dignity from tea and sauer kraut. Therefore, woman's work Is the most Important work In char acter building, as well as physical, and many a sin of the soul, and Incompe tence physically. Is the revenge of a bad ly nourished body. Some one has said: "You may make the world's laws and write its poems. If you will let me make Its homes." The home is the chief factor In a working man's life, and therefore holds the key to the solution of the labor problem. A man fed on baker's bread, bleached with alum, rank tea boiled in a tin teapot, and meat put in a cold pan with a lump of grease and fried until It Is Impossible to tell whether it Is beef or leather this kind of food, together with an untidy house, naturally makes a man turn to the saloon for something comforting. ! The street and the saloon cannot com pete successfully with a neat, cheerful home, and a well-cooked, substantial meal on a neatly set table. The working man who has such a home Is not going to Jpln In strikes or any other rash move ments which hazard the possession of his home. If, then, we wish to help the laborer to better his condition, and thereby bet ter the condition of all humanity, do not neglect to help those who are the potential homekeepers teach them how to keep their homes clean and attractive and how to properly cook their food. Be It ever so humble, the home is the germ from which everything good must grow. Where we find Industry, skill and a wise economy, that knows how to make the most of simple material In the home, how much less misery poverty and crime shall we also find. All attainment of mind or spirit rests upon a physical basis, hence the housewife holds the possibilities of future literature, science and all the In dustries In her power From the home, man enters updn the limitless path of physical, mental, moral and spiritual development. An ancient G,reek once said: "Athens, rules tne world. I rule Athens, my wife rules me." "And still "They talk about a. woman's sphere As though It had a limit. Tlwre's not a place in earth or heaven; There's .not a taak to mankind gien; There'3 not a bleseins or a woe; ' There's not a whispered 'Yea' or 'No'; There's not a life, or death, or birth, That has a featherweight ot worth, "Without a woman In it." Professor James M. Munyon, who con templates founding a technical school for girls in Philadelphia, has caught the true spirit. Besides a thorough training In the common branches of English, the girls will be Instructed In dressmaking, milli nery, glovemaklng, tailoring and the vari ous practical trades and professions that will thoroughly equip them for the battle of life. "Especial attention will be paid to securing a thorough knowledge of cooking and domestic economy; so that when a girl marries she will be pre pared to manage the household as a wom an should." Doesn't that sound good? And how the young men who have enjoyed the privi leges of technical training will strive to make homes for such girls to keep! The Citizens upon, whom the existence of a. nation depends are the homemakers and homekeepers. The character of the ma terial determines the form, strength, dura bility and beauty of the complete edifice. FRANCES MORELAND HARVEY. P. S. Just as I was folding this for the mall, The Oregonian of the 7th Inst, flitted Into my mountain home, bearing the picture of J. W. Cook upon Its flrst page, and I read of his magnificent gift, to be used for a technical school. Ac cept my congratulations. "The world do move." F. M. H. '-B A VETERAN STAGEDRIVER. For Thirty Years He Hns Done His Duty Faithfully. Eucene Journal. For 30 years H. C. Barrett, or "Hank" Barrett, as he is called, has carried the United States mail and passengers be tween the mouth of the Umpqua river, below Gardiner, and Florence, on' the Sluslaw. It has been with him a life's work, for he was a young man when he first located there and began his service. He used a light wagon and trotted along on the smooth, hard sand, always when the tide was out, for when it came up there was not margin enough left for a wagon. He made three trips a week and oftentimes, in the spring and summer, when the bright sun shone by day and the pale moon kissed the undulating sea by night, Mr. Barrett thought his task not at all unpleasant as he traveled along the narrow yet beautiful pathway, and hummed his little song by the melody of the sea. But when the south winds blew and the huge billows uplifted their angry heads and rushed up the sands hungry to devour all things living, then the lonely mail-carrier's task was a perilous one, In deed. Several times the sea uplifted and devoured his wagon and team, but for tunately he always managed to escape. Very frequently the gale was so strong that he could not force his way against It, or, if traveling In the wind, must put on the brake to keep his team from running away, but he never faltered nor missed a trip, never was behind hand, through darkness, storm or the dangerous winter quicksand. And now Mr. Barrett's head Is silvery white and his form stooped and he has hard work to climb Into his wagon, but he still makes his trips regu larly and carries many passengers. Q Why Views Differ. Boston Transcript. It is said that people are rigtot and left eyed. Just the same as they are right and left-handed. That accounts for the per sistency in which so many persons look at things differently from ourselves. NO PAIN! NO GAS! No charge for painless extraction when teeth are ordered. All work done by graduate dentlsta of 12 to 20 ears experience; a specialist In each department. We will tell jou In advance- exactly what your work will cost by a free examination. Give ua a call, and you will find we do exactly as we advertise. Set o Tectu 55.00 Gold Filling ' ?1.00 Gold Crown $5.00 Silver Filling: .50 All work examined by professional manager. Dr. J. S. Walter, registered dentist. New York Dental Pariors N. E. Cor. Fourth and Morrison Streets Lady always In attendance. Hours, 8 to S. Sundays. 10 to 4. Email, act without pain or griping, purely -reg-etable. mild and reliable. Regulate the Liver and Digestive Organs. Ths safest and beat mhllclna in the world for the CURE of all disorders of the Stomach. Liver. Bowela. Kidneys, Bladder. Nervous Diseases. Lo33 or Ap petite. Headache. Constipation. Costlvenesz. in dlgeatlon. Biliousness. Fever, Inflammation o the Bowels, Piles and all derangements of the internal Vlscra. PERFECT DIGESTION will oe accomplished by taking RADWAT'S PILLS. By so doing DYSPEPSIA Sick Headache, Foul Stomach. Biliousness will be avoided, as the food that is eaten contributes its nourishing properties for the support of tn natural waste of th body. Price 25c a box. Sold by nvnesiitn or sent fc mail. Send to DR. RADWAT & CO., KS Elm St. New Tork. for Bock ot Advice. AH ELEGANT TOILET LUXURY. . Used "by people of refinement for oyer a quarter of a century. rvjf! PLATW fiUS re? RtloS PERFECT THE PALATIAL OREGONIAN BUILDING spy Not n ilnrlc office In the- untitling! absolutely fireproof; electric lights and artesian wateri perfect sanita tion nml thorough lentUntion. Kle latora run day and nlshtt . Itoomt. ABRAM?, W R.. Cashter Mutual Lira 40 ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attomey-at-L3W..312 ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Poweai. ilgr ...80il BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION, of Des Moines. la.; C. A. ilcCargar. State- Asent. 502 3 BEHNICE. IL W. Ptin. ?ernla Shorthand School .............. ......................211 BENJAMIN. R, W.. Dentist .3H BIN'SWANOER. DR. O. S.. Phys. & Sur..-Mm BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician -4I2-3-iU BUSTEED. RICHARD, Plug Tobacco 602 003 CAUKIN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers Insurance Co...... ................. .....H3 CARDWELL. DR. J. B BOO CLARK. HAROLD. Dentist - 314 CLEM. E. A. CO.. Mining Propijrt!es...513-32(l COLUiilBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY 60-1-605-800-607-613-614-6:3 CORNELIUS. C. W. Phys. and. Surgeon 200 COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Iife 300 COLLIER, p. F.. Publisher: 3. P. McGuire. Manager .415-418 DAY. J. G & I. N 313 DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co ... ...60T DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-TH DRAKE. DR. H B. Physician 312-513-5U DUNHAM. MRS. GEO. A 717 EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY: L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashier .300 EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder street FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Manager Women's Depc Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York '. 603 FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon-SOO-Sn FENTON. DR. HICKS C. Eye and Ear Oil FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist ..803 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N; E. C. Stark. Manager .............................301 FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation) ; Dr. A. Muzzarelll, Manager ................... ..700 GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts man ...I.......... ............BOO GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgton ........ ..212-211 GIESY. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon... .700-710 GODDARD. E. C &. CO.. Footwear, ground floor 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co.. of New York. ......209 210 OH v Vi f RNK S.. Attorney-3t-Law 017 GRENIER. MISS BEATRICE. Dentist 703 HAMMOND, A. B .......313 HEIDINGER. GEO. A. & CO.. Pianos and Organ J3I Sixth St. HOLL1STER. DR. O. C. Phj. & Surg- .$CH 303 IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law. ..41Q-IT-13 KADY. MARK T.. Manager Pacific North west Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asao... 604-603 LAMONT. JOHN. VIcc-PresKlent and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co. ,,...,603 LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phjs. and Surgeon. ..200 MACRUM. W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club..24 MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. 7U-7U MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg .701-2 3 McCARGAR. C. A.. Stata Agent Bankeri Life Association ..... .........502-003 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713 McFVDEN. MIS IDA E.. Stenographer. 201 McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-a:-Law..SU-313 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers'. Representa tive 303 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist anl Oral Surgeon ...603-609 MOaSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-513-511 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; W. Goklman. Manager . ...200-210 Mcelroy, dr. j. g. Phys. & surg 701-702-703 McFARLAND, E. B.. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co.... 600 McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 413-4:o McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law ...500 MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; "Wm. S. Pond. Stve Mgr..... 404-403-400 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N. M. T. Kady. Mgr. Pacific Northwest.... 604-603 NICHOLAS. HORACE B. Attorney-at-Law.. 713 NILES. M. L.. Cashier ManhatJnn Ltfa In surance Co.. of New York .203 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY: Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath .4OS-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB .. .214-213-216-217 PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W. Behnke. Prin .....211 POND. WM S.. State Manager Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York .404-403-400 PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.. ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND PRESS CLUB 710 PROTZMAN. EUGENE C. Superintendent Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York ............... 6tH PUTNAM'S SONS, G. P.. PuSllhers 013 QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden ......716-717 REED & MALCOLM. Optician.. 133 Sixth street RFED. F. C. FUh CommlMloner.... .....407 RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Iaw ..41T SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 30 SANDFORD. A. C. & CO Publishers' Agts .513 SCRIBNER'S SONS. CHA3.. Publishers; Jesse Hobson. Manager..... .313-316-517 SHERWOOD. J. W., Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M 31? SMITH. DR. L B.. Osteopath.. 408-409 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION .300 STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa.... ...301 STVRR & COLE. Pyrography .....403 STEEL. G. A.. Forest Inspector 213 STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law... 615-016-617 STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E., Dentta 704-703 SURGEON OF THE 3. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO ,.,...700 STROWBRIDGE. THOS H.. Executlva Spe cial Agent Mutual Life, of New Yor)c..,....408 SUPERINTENDENT'S OrFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO F.. Dentist 010-611 U S. WEATHER BUREAU 906-SOT-9OS-0C3 U. S- LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A ....80S U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A.. ..810 WALKER. WILL H.. President Oregon Camera Club 214-215-210-217 "WATKINS. MIsa. E. L.. Purchaelg Agency 719 WEATHERRED. MRS. EDYTH. Grand Sec retary Native Daughters ............716-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Ass't Sec Oregon Cam era Club 214 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N Phys. & Sur.304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO F.. Phys. & Surg... 706-707 WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys. & Surg ..3O7-303 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO 614 A tew more elesrnnt offices may do had by applying; to Portland Troat Company ox Oregon, 100 Third at., o to the rent cleric In the building. MEN NO CURE. NO PAY THE MODEKN APPLIANCE A posltlva way to perfect manhood. Everything else fails. The VACUUM TREAT MENT CURES you without medicine of all nervous or diseases of the generative organs, such as lost manhood, exhausting drains, varlci ccle, Impotency, etc. Men are quickly restored to perfect health and strength. Write for circulars. Correspondence confldan tlaL THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO . rooms 47-4& Safe Deposit bulWtei Seattle. Wafc.