Ef'' 3
'iFmmi-ifms mmw'' 0im.
sfmyfsrgrff -narT r-" rsssff
f&t-m-'yg'
10
THJ MOKiNltftt OB-toOtflAN, MONDAY, JAOT&ftY 1, 1900.
Kmtn?
OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS
Valuation of Output, Stock and Buildings Last
Year Was $9,523,875.
HEAVY INCREASE IN
Nearly Enough Butter and Cheese Made in the State to Supply
Home Demands Larger Export Trade Soon to Be Developed
Dairymen Adding High-Grade Stock to Their Herds.
For the reason that there 1b general in
quiry as to Oregon's natural and Industrial
advantages, I gladly accept the Invitation
to furnish The Oregonlan an article on
the dairying interest -within our horders;
and for the further reason of the great
nmoc. v . t-M,.af .. lia ttcn- mini-
,. .. . ' ,i, ...
-k, UiU. IUQ 'ClLCl JAJl3 i - nut (.0 . .111...
lest energy in this important occupation,
I am all the more pleased to have an op
portunity to place in The Oregonlan in
formation that should not only attract
new investments, but tend to encourage
an enlargement of the present industry.
Natural conditions, environments, re
sources and industrial advantages are
what attract practical-science people to
locate homes, as "well as to engage in
"business of any kind. A few years ago
the greatest drawback to dairying was
a fear that the butter and cheese industry
would be overdone. People seemed to
fear that new Jid Improved machinery
would virtually produce these articles.
They now concede that there is room for
more dairies, and. that it will do to in
crease the land acreage, the number of
cows, improvements and Implements.
It is estimated that the people of the
United states consume about 26 pounds of
butter annually per capita. Oregon has
at least 420,000 consumers, who, at the
foregoing average, consume about 10,920,000
pounds of butter each year. In addition
to this, our best-Informed merchants
reckon that we shipped out of the state
fully 309,000 pounds of butter in lan9. The
table below speaks for itself. But let me
call attention to the fact that some writ
ers, who would convey the Idea that they
are close calculators, as to Oregon's but
ter yield, Imagine that all the butter con
sumed is made at creameries, when, the
AYRSHIRE COW
fact Is, fully ow-half of the butter is
made and consnmJd at people's homes.
Oreeon Butter Product liy Counties.
The following table, hlle it is not
claimed to be correct to an ounce or
pound, has heen made with care:
County Pounds.
Baker . 137.500
Benton ........ 171,250
Clackamas 187,500
Clatsop .....x... 192.500
Coos .. 678,503
Columbia ... 202,500
Crook 61,875
Curry . 412,500
Douglas 843,750
Gilliam 43,750
Grant 116,875
Harney 42.375
Jackson 27R0fKi
Josephine 11,000 J
t-i&main . 165,000
Lake 137,000
Lane 500,000
Lincoln 63,750
Linn 725,000
Malheur 275,000
Marlon ... 500.000
Morrow ... 102,500
Multnomah 343,750
Polk 250,250
Sherman . 96.250
Tillamook 878 700
Umatilla ,. 343.750
jon 357.500
Wallowa 57,500
Washington 825,000
Yamhill ... 275,000
Total pounds 10.999,251
Pounds.
Butter consumed in the state 10,920.000
Shipped out 300,000
Total
Oregon product for 18S6....
...11.220.000
...10,999,251
Deficit 220,749
Oregon buys from dairymen along the
Washington side of the Columbia enough
to make up for our deficit, We will not,
therefore, have to import any butter this
3 ear.
Oar Dairy Industry In 1R07-0S-09.
In discharge of my duties as state dairy
and food commissioner. I spent much time
In the latter part of 1S9S in gatnering
facte as to the value of our dairy indus
try. I am now informed by dairy factory
men and by the best-Informed dealers that
the product of butter and cheese in 1899
will fully equal an increase of 25 per cent
over the year If-. This could not be
realised without a corresponding increase
in lands, cows, implements, etc. The fol
lowing statistic as the values of Oregon's
dairy InAuctry are interesting:
1897
Quantlty. Value.
BtttUr.
Cheese.
pouaax.
.S6S.761
Jl.999.675
SSS.744
S7.7C1
Milk supply to noosobotd.
gsilows 7,203.000
Number dairy cow 42.300
Number ctocojio cows 2,939
Number houweho'.d mftch
rows 13.50
Number acres of bat .... 143.SO0
BuUdiag awtf iwialeisntg.
L692.000
1,057 500
73.4C2
237.500
L42S600
41.5S9
JG.735,478
Total values
lAmt of Matter and Cheese Factories.
flams tocsortos Joube both butter and
r-beese. aa4, not boteg able to got an exact
Mot X Rtv all as butter factories, except
tboot marfeos with a Mar (, which
Thl Mot mum of creamery, poit
othc asMross aod oottaty:
Corvaflts ersojaory. CorvalH. Benton
county
I'nltod Statos exporimoot station, Cor
valHs. Boatoa.
Vetoefc X. Soac. DaaMoeue. Clackamas.
Ruuornoid. CUtop. CbuOB oounty.
ot & Comobaa. Ctateoo.
Iso Isffalbi MotHtlle. Cbusop county.
V tltbuo Hsrtll. f olivine.
Cbrat Peterson. Otney. Ctsihop.
WiWaai UrRoth. Wostport, Clatsop.
Teo-MtV Tea-Ufle. Coos.
Araro Araro, Coos.
ftron. CoqsUle. Cooc
Bersey Bros.. MmrsMMi, Coos.
OravH Ford. Or vol Jfori. Ooex.
HrrU Point. Mrrtle P&toC Coos.
Joan flartrii, KambaeM. Coos.
J 3 CMnkoafeoM. 3arbAeid. C003.
Xarrial. SoaMoos. Oobjabia.
PRODUCTION SINCE 1898
Kelvin's Grove, Scappoose, Columbia.
Anllker, Goble, Columbia.
Felman, Goble, Columbia.
Calvin Johnson, Scappoose, Columbia.
Langlols, Langlols, Curry.
Al Reed, Boseburg, Douglas.
AcVi1an3 AcTilnrtd Tonb-onn
W. B. 6okerline '& Son, Grant's Pass,
1 Josephine.
. Albany, Albany, Linn.
Efij2 f$f W&2& , " Cf F Ji
JERSEY COW BROWN BESSIE 74,007.
Sclo, Sclo, Linn.
Rebelln & Sons, Halsey, Linn.
Plalnview, Plalnvlew, Linn.
Brownsville, Brownsville, Linn.
Lebanon, Lebanon, Linn.
Newport, Newport. Lincoln.
Barlow, Barlow, Clackamas.
Marion, Marlon, Marlon.
Cranston, Wlllard, Marlon.
Howell, Howell, Marion.
Goodhue, Salem, Marlon.
Cloverleaf, Salem, Marlon.
RED ROSE 5500.
Walker, Salem, Marlon.
Charles Miller, Jefferson, Marlon.
Looney Bros., Jefferson, Marion.
WItzel, Jefferson, Marlon.
Stevens, Jeft"erson,.MarIon.
George Miller. Gervais. Marlon.
Barnes, Portland, Multnomah.
Kauplsch, Portland. Multnomah.
Sunset. Portland. Multnomah.
B. P. Reynolds, Cleone. Multnomah.
John Thomas, Cleone. Multnomah.
G. H. Zimmerman, Portland, Multno
mah. G. W. Force, Woodlawn, Multnomah.
BROWS SWISS COW
R. T. Schomp, Portland, Multnomah.
Gresham, Gresham. Multnomah.
Fairview. Tillamook, Tillamook.
Tillamook, Tillamook, Tillamook.
White Clover, Tillamook, Tillamook.
Garibaldi, Garibaldi. Tillamook.
Mcintosh, Beaver. Tillamook.
Henry Rogers, Tillamook. Tillamook.
Donaldson, lillamook, Tillamook.
Charles Ray,v Big Nestucca, Tillamook.
Jasper Smith. Big Nestucca. Tillamook.
J. Bixby, Beaver. Tillamook.
Mcintosh, Oretown. Tillamook.
J. B. Hathaway, Bay City, Tillamook.
W. N. Vaughn, Bay City. Tillamook.
A. N. Vaughn. Bay City. Tillamook.
J. W. Jennings. Bay City. Tillamook.
Robert Crawford. Netarts, Tillamook.
1S9S-
Quantity. Value.
1S99
Quantity.
Value.
S.7&S.571 $2,159,643
10,693,251
1,222,022
3,024,50S
147,739
2,287.222
1,469.000
102.031
46S.750
1.9C6.S75
57,750
19,523,875
977.618 107.427
S.000.000
47.000
3.265
15.000
157.850
1.S25.0O0
L175.000
1,625
375.000
1.573.500
46,200
jS7.3S3.395
10.0M 000
60,750
4.0S0
18.750
187,810
Ukiah. Ukiah. Umatilla.
Cove, Cove, Union.
Formlngton. Farmlngton, Washington
JWD rpLLJvP COW
South Tualatin, South Tualatin, "Wash
ington. Blooming, Blooming, "Washington.
Forest Grove, Forest Grove, Washing
ton. J. J. Hartley, Forest Grovo, Washing
ton. Stockwell & Thatcher, Forest Grove,
Washington.
Oatsfield. Greenville. Washington.
White Clover, Centerville, Washington.
Swiss, West union, Washington.
Glencoe, Glencoe, Washington.
Bethany Co-Operative Company,0 Beth
any, Washington.
Thomas Paulsen, Garden Home, Wash
ington. John Cadwell, Scholl's Ferry, Washing
ton. Samuel Siegenthaler, Cedar Mill, Wash-
I TTlrfrh TTnrrv "Rethanv. Washington.
Dairy Creek, Greenville, Washington.
North Yamhill. North Yamhill, Yamhill.
McMlnnville (idle), McMlnnville, Yam
hill. It is quite likely that the number here
enumerated is not altogether correct, and
I am of the opinion that the above list
does not include several factories started
in 1899.
Orearon'a Advantages.
Oregon, without any question, has more
dairying advantages than Any other state
in the Union, and more than any country
beyond the United States. The Channel
islands, the mother home of the Jersey,
Guernsey, and Alderney, are not expected.
Oregon's equable climate, where the ther
mometer only now and then gets as low
as 40 degrees above zero, nor higher than
76 degrees, not only corresponds with the
requlrementa of practical-science butter
and cheesemaklng, but guarantees the
I growth of green fields almost the year
round, and saves to the feeder much food
required in most of the dairy states east
of the Rocky mountains to keep up ani
mal heat during at least four months in
each year. Not many localities In the
eastern division of the state are adapted
to extensive dairying.' A few localities
along the Columbia, Deschutes, John Day,
Umatilla, Powder, Malheur, Burnt, Snake
and Owyhee rivers, and on Butter creek,
and in Union and Wallowa counties, and
Jordan valley, and in quite a number of
small valleys, many good opportunities
are to be found; and my word for it, there
will be much dairying In the eastern di
vision as soon as the people learn the
value of Irrigation, and the capabilities of
that section to grow alfalfa, corn for fod
der and ensilage, roots and several va
rieties of grasses that will grow where it
is too dry to Insure green Dasture with
our ordinary pasture grasses. Add to these
prospective advantages the encouragement
consequent to the many branch railroads
that will soon be under way In that sec
tion, to-wit, the Snake River branch,
Lake and Klamath counties road, the road
between Oregon and California, tbe Co
lumbia Southern, The Dalles & Pritevllle
road, the Sumpter Valley road, the bianch
down Snake river from Huntington, the
Welser and Klickitat valleys. (The two
last named are not In Oregon, but thtV
will be Just as valuable in the way o'
trade as if they were.) These and other
new branch lines will open up vast agri
cultural districts, which will add much
fine and profitable dairy lands.
But the western division, where most of
the dairying is now done, is capable of
producing 20 times what is now produced.
The more important dairy districts are in
the coast counties, and on both sides of
and on the Islands In the Columbia, from
the Cascade falls to its mouth, a distance
of 130 miles. This district Includes many
hundred thousand of acres of native grass
lands, as well as many hundred thousand
acres that grow any of our best pasture
and hay grasses, as well as clover, peas,
BRIENZI 1G8.
winter oats, vetch, corn and roots, indeed,
nothing does It lack, save Intelligent en
ergy and tact.
The coast counties, which extend from
the California line to the Columbia river,
a distance of 260 miles namely, Clatsop,
Tillamook, Lincoln, Lane, Douglas, Coos
and Curry are, I was going to say, In and
of themselves a dairy empire unequaled
anywhere. Tta acreage of dairy lands in
these counties extends from the coast from
one to 30 miles in width. The climate
along the coast, as well as on the Colum
bia river and throughout the Willamette
valley, being governed by the warm
"kuro slwo," or Japan current, is encour
aging, or. In other words, corresponds so
completely with dairy requirements that it
is not out of place to say that in this we
find the mother of our everlasting green
fields, the gateway to prosperity to all
who are willing to Join nature's good of
fen;. Leaving the vast dairy districts along
the Columbia river and the coast coun
ties. I do not wish to overlook the Wil
lamette valley. The valley counties are
not favored with the native grasses as
are the districts already named. In these
counties, however, the domestic pastures,
as well as the grasses, clovers, corn for
fodder, peas, rape, vetch, the thousand
head cabbage, and winter oats, as well as
BEAUTY OTH 2020.
S Sa' iW'j5a0s2J-"f5
DUTCH BELTED COW LADY ALDIJfl. 124.
root culture, do flourish as though they
had been introduced here for a particular
SiS ffiSitJntanff
?!:.. JSf 1L ,J!LS
uuo v'U"u""B "' ,,.......
valley, we have only to refer to the fact
that already Linn county now has a half
dozen or more factories Marlon 8 or 12,
Multnomah 3 to 6, Washington more than
20. The other valley counties have as good
advantages as the ones here named.
The healthfulness of our dairy stock is
unequaled by any state in the Union, or
that of any country known to civilization.
The environments so completely corre
spond with animal nature that no dairy
man or stockgrower need have any fears
of retrogression, while, on the other hand,
every one Is assured that, in obedience to
that invariable natural law, there will bo
a continuous improvement, which will in
side of 10 years be valued at not a cent
less than $20,000,000. Our foundation
dairy stock traces to the best dairy strains,
W. C. Myers, W. S. Ladd, D. C. Stewart,
Captain J. T. Apperson, ex-Governor Z.
F. Moody, Hon. T. H. Tongue, ,D. H.
Looney. A. Bush, William M. Ladd and
others spared neither money, judgment
nor time in getting the best Jersey, Hol
stein, Guernsey and Ayrshire stock from
th.3 .East; others, namely, W. S. Ladd,
Thomas Cross, W. C. Hull, W. Chalmers,
Alexander Chalmers, Fred Shoemaker, W.
J. Snodgrass, Hon. George Chandler,
James Richardson, Charles B. Ladd, State
Senator W. A. Howe, W. W. Baker and
others brought from the best breeding
farmn in America the best Shorthorn milk
strait s. Judicious crossing has without
any question produced a dairy stock that
cannon be surpassed, If equaled, as proven
by the fact that the Oregon milk averages
the yar round one pound of butter to
every 22 pounds of milk. This superior
yield of butter fat must be credited to
breed and favorable conditions, and not to
our superior feed, for it Is now a settled
point that feed, while It Improves the ani
mal and increases the volume of milk,
does not increase the percentage of butter
fat in milk. It will take a long time to
get the people to believe ihls, but we must
admit that It is true, because our pro
fessional teachers say so.
Of late, it has pleased some to criticise
the quality of our dairy cattle and our
methods of dairying. If these writers were
Informed they would certainly know that
our dairymen axe using all the Improved
implements, the same as are In use In the
most advanced dairy states or countries.
They would also know that bur creamery
men are as thoroughly advanced In the art
as creamery men of other localities. Be
sides this, they would know that the Ore
gon dairy cow is more than the equal of
the dairy cow of other states of our Union,
as well as of all other countries. Before In
troducing testimony to prove what Is here
said,- I call the attention of the "don't
knows" to the fact that Oregon, In years
past, gave much attention to the Improve
ment of dairy stock, and I am now pleasrd
to note the fact that the pure-blood breed
ers say "there is more Inquiry now for
pure-bred dairy stock than for years
past." I have before me the reports of the
New York dairy commissioner, as well as
uie Dominion of Canada commissioner,
and Inasmuch as the per cent of butter
fai Jn milk is the butter-making qualifica
tion; of the cow, I will quote. The Can
ada commissioner gives the following but-ter-fJU
tests of milk:
Butter fat,
per ct.
Mount Elgin. Canada 3.S6
Woodstock. Canada 3.6S
Williams Corners, Canada 3.83
Williams Corners, Canada 3.67
London. Canada 3.44
Chestervill -, Canada 4.33
Chesterville, Canada 4.18
Renfew, Canada 3.44
Average ....- 3. SO
The New TcTk commissioner gives the
following tests, made at several creamr
erles:
Butter fat,
per ct.
Potsdam creamery - 4.02
Potsdam creamery 4.06
Fall Island creamery... 3.03
Fall Island creamery 4.00
No name given -. 3.58
Average - 3.71
Oregon creamery tests":
J. W. Maxwell, Tillamook 4.18
A. N. Bergen, Garden Home 4.00
Albany creamery 4.50
J. W. Pugh,. Shedds 5.00
E. Turpemng. Eugene. 4.60
R. P. Boisei Salem 4.40
H. Walker. Salem 4.20
Charles Catl a, Oregon City 3.60
Average . 4.32
It Is hoped that our citizens will stop
deploring thn dairy conditions within our
borders, for -we are not only favored with
unequaled na tural advantages to produce
the very best butter and cheese, as well
as the very best dairy cow. Neither do
dairymen Hko to be accused of being In
competent, wnen they know that they not
only undersbmd the business, but that
they do mal-e as good an article as Is
made anywhere. Up to the present year
our dairy product supply has not been
equal to the home demand, for each year
there has boen much butter, as well as
cheese, brought here from other states.
Prices have been well sustained since the
enactment otf tho Oregon dairy law. The
enforcement of our law would keep out of
thi3 market all imitations, including the
much-waterad butter, now conceded to
be the greatest fraud of all. The pro
tection our law gives amounts to fully 5
cents a pound on butter and 2 cents a
pound on cheese.
Notwithstanding the great value of our
dairy Industry, and the further fact that
It could not prosper If it was not protect
ed, a bin passed the senate at the extra
session of the Oregon legislature In 1893
abolishing the office of commissioner,
which was the same as repealing the law.
Tha house would have passed the senate
Wll had a vote been reached. To head oft
snch a move at the regular session In
January. 1899, I circulated a petition and
got the names of every butter and cheese
fatrtory man In the state, except one, ask
ing tho legislature not to repeal the law.
Thfe petitions were handed Hon. N. H.
Looney, senator from Marlon county, and
It s a pleasure to note the fact that the
sentiment at once changed In favor of a
law to protect our dairy Industry.
Reference to tho effect of strict enforce
ment of our state law is made here with
a view of encouraging persons to engago
In dairying, for all who are Informed know
that olcomnrgarlne, butterlne, pepsin but
ter and other bogus imitations, including
butter that contains too much water (It
Is now conceded that the use of too much
water in butter Is tho most wonderful of
all the swindling Imitations), can be made
and sold at a profit of G cents a pound
lower than a pure article can be. I hold
that tho dairyman is entitled to protection
Just as. much as tho woolgrowcr or the
manufacturer. Repeal our state law and
these Imitations would come here as they
now go Into Nevada, Utah, Idaho and
Washington. Tho following will ahow
that they would come, for thoeo who make
tho stuff will find a market:
BoarKM Butter and Cheese InnrenslnBT.
It la reported hero that there is no oleo
margarine (all butter imitations are termed
oleomargarine by United States law) nor
Cll4 efceeso sold la cur market. Why thl
; report Is out no one can tell, for the
j United States reports show as follows:
i Revenue collected on oleomargarine-
. m m?m i i -.wbmis 56
v twqb 1.315.7X0 54
Collected on filled cheese
1897 518,991 00 1899..... 518,098 43
1898 16,518 55 1
These imitations are all sold somewhere,
and it is my opinion that much of the
"stuff" is sold within our borders. The
ssauljUBllawPF SW tfd$w
afifoualasss8y.SillS?a A ,W
IKBBmL- assSkiw
HOffiSTEIN-FRIESIAN COW JAMAICA 1330, H. H. B., AND C aSJE
food commissioner can't watch the trick
sters in the cities, and along the trans
portation lines, while he is out visiting the
creameries.
Oregon dairymen do not fear to compete
with any state or country in the manufac
ture of pure dairy products. All they ask
Is to be protected against frauds. The Ore
gon dairymen do not ask for prohibitory
laws. They should, however, for I don't
believe that an imitation food product
should be legalized by law; but simply that
Imitations shall be marked and sold for
what they are. People will not buy 1ml-
R tatlons if they know that they are Imita
tion, and tins is tne reason wny imitation
makers will "palm off" an imitation for a
pure article.
Condensed Milk.
The vast increase of ocean trade, trade
-v-ftth China, Japan, Hawaii, Philippines
a hd Alaska, as well as with the mines
w Ithin our own borders, has created a de
m.uid for condensed milk, as shown by the
amount brought here from tho East. Many
districts are to be found here, where this
industry could be introduced without fear
of :i successful competitor, and I, with
many others, predict that should this Issue
of The Oregonlan come Into the hands of
those who understand this business, it will
not te long before the milk-condensing
business will be one of our very best
paying1 industries. Horace Greeley, who
had no practical knowledge of the country,
advised the young men to "Go West,"
Oregon is inhabited by people from every
country, as well as from every state of
our Union, who say, "Come to the North
Pacific, where the silveT waves wash tho
golden shore and where rolls the Colum
bia, the doorway through which our sur
plus, and Into which the trade of the Old
World and that of our newly acquired ter
ritory, the Hawaiian and the Philippine
islands, will enter to be transported to all
parts of the United States."
Breeds of Xhilry Cattle.
Observation proves that animal struc
ture by practical exercise, readily con
.torma to demands and requirements. This
POLLED DURHAM
nature 13 so Rronounced that It is not out I
of place to say that conformation is a I
prerequisite to a correct action ox (per- (
forna.no of ihat which we value In our 1
domestic animals. Man on3y knows
what he learns; and in order that dairy
men may know what constitutes a first
class dairy cow, I have, throug . the cour
tesy of Major Henry E. AlvoiM," chief of
dairy division, and Hon. George William
Hill, chief of the division of .publication,
United States department of agriculture,
obtained nine cuts, which represent that
number of the very best dairy cows, as
well as the same number of tfairy cattle
breeds. Inasmuch as we have- no Swiss,
Belted nor Polled Durhams, out dairymen
will do well If they study their good quali
ties with a view to adding thejir blood to
our already prottable stock. These cuts
were used to illustrate Chief of Dairy Di
vision Alvord's recent publication, en
titled, "BTecdo ot Dairy Cattle."
The county of Ayrshire, In tlo southwest 1
of Scotland, Is the home of this breed of
cattle, which has been built up within tho
19th century by the liberal ubo of blood
flHOBTnOR-f COW
from the cattle ct Engl'raud, Holland, and
the Channel Islands. Unit aa it be the little
Irish Kerry, there is no oow which excels
the Ayrshire In obtaining subsistence and
doing well on a wide 1 xi nge of scanty
pasture, or in thriving and giving a dairy
nroflt unon the coarsest t loroge. J.ne
, first Ayrshire in America -R"e re brought to
New York in 1S22. They iue of medium
sizes. Tho cow selected to match i3 an
imported animal. Red Rose 5566. This
picture shows admirably the vplcal head,
horn and udder of the breed the last in
its best form; also the dlstina'ly wedge
shape which la believed to ch aracterizo
fine dairy animals. She was broi'ght from
Scotland in 1875, and was the lea. ding cow
in the prize herd for her breed at the
Philadelphia centennial exposition the
next year. She was photographed at that
time, being then 5 years old. Ht r milk
product for one year was 8578 pom ids, or
practically 1000 gallons. '
The Brown "Swiss Is the breed better
known in the United States. It Is called
also Brown Swltzer, but more p toperly
Brown Schwyzer, rrom tbe canton 1 por te I the same year to Orange county,
Schwyz, where the breed orlglna ted, or Netvr 1 fork. In four months Jamaica gave
at least, has been bred' longest and Is still aim 03 t 10,000 pounds of milk, and about
found in truest type. It is now cctmmon 20.0(50 ; pounds during thl3 her second milk
to the other cantons of Eastern am I Cen- . lng pi -rlod. From her milk for a week
tral Switzerland, and has a fine repu tation 1 23. po unds of butter was made. Jamaica
throughout Europe. These cattle have j was a! medium size for her race, hand
been especially successful as prlze-wl nners somely marked, vigorous, and very styi
at Paris, Hamburg, and other larg e ex- ish, as shown by her likeness. This was
hlbltions of livestock. The first pure- made 1 bout the time of her famous test.
bred animals of tbi3 breea Drougnx to
the UnitecU States comprised one hull and
seven heifers, imported from tho canton
Schwyz to Massachusetts, in t3ia autumn
of 1S69. The descrf;pfc'on given indicates
that these cattle are SOO& for beef as
well as for the dairy. They are almost
always full fleshed, easily kept so, and
readily fatten when no in milk. The
flesh is said to be flne-gratned, tender and
sweet. Brlenzl 163 was imported from
Switzerland Into "Connecticut In 1SS2, and
GUERNSEY COW
became the most noted cow ot her breed
In this country. More than this, she pro
duced the largest quantity of butter fat
In a day every recorded In America at a
public test. At the Chicago show in 1S91
her average dally Tecord for three days
was 81.7 pounds of milk, containing 3.11
pounds of fat. This was equivalent to
more than 3V pounds of butter per day.
COW DAISY 2.
The likeness of the cow was made at that
time. She was then 11 years old and
weighed 1410 pounds.
The domestic cattle of Holland appear
to have had a common origin, and the
prevailing markings of all are black and
white. The distribution of color differs,
however, and one branch of this general
stock has been so peculiarly marked for a
century or two some claim three a3 to
fix Its namo and secure recognition as a
breed. What are known In Holland as
"Lakenfeld" cattle are called Dutch Belted
In this country. Lady Aldlne came from
the old Orange county strain, and her
dam gave 32 quarts, of milk a day for a
week on grass alone. Tho likeness shows
the cow at 7 years old; she weighed 1200
pounds. She was a first-prize winner at
all tho big falr3 In Pennslyvamu. New
Jersey, and Delaware, and her progeny
have won many honors at exhibitions. She
wa3 a vigorous and productive cow until
18 years of age.
Tho origin and history of Guernsey and
Jersey cattle are practically the same: but
In the development of the former more of
KITTY CLAY 4TH, IT V V
T- "
the Characteristics of tho parent atoclc of
Noicaandy, France, have been retained.
FaiiUna H 3730 stands In the very front
ran Sr among Guernsey cows and la an
i exc silent type of her breed. She made a
rectnrd of 9748 pounds of milk and 603
pou ads of butter within 11 months. Her
best; days yield was 47 pounds of milk
and lier best month (the second Decem
ber r was 1313 pounds of milk, containing
70 r ounds of butter fat. equivalent to 81H
pou nda of "butter. In four different months
her milk, yield was greater than her own
live 1 wel&ht. In America, as in England,
all Channel Island cattle Imported were
Ion g- called "Alderneys." irrespective of
the island from which they came.
T ko strongly marked black and whito
cat He of North Holland and Friesland con
stlt nto one of the very oldest and most
not abJa of the dairy breeds. Holstein
Frl JsSins are all the same. There wa3
sha rp contention In this country before
the la st name was agreed upon and gen
eral ly accepted. Jamaica 1336. H. H. B.,
was j ropped In Friesland, In 1S80, and Im-
, sue the n weighed 1192 pounds. Her owner
was ot cered 515,000 for this cow and her
heifer calf, shown in the picture, before
her m3 k yield reached 100 pounds a day.
After hi ar great performance this offer was
increasi d to 525.000, and 510,000 was refused,
for the calf alone.
Jersey 3 are the smallest in average slza
of any tof the dairy breeds, and have been,
bred ex 2luslvely for butter. Brown Bessie
74,997 b ecame famous as the champion
butter ow In the dairy tests, open to all
breeds,! it the Columbian exposition in 1S93.
During the public tests mentioned, under
very u nfavorable conditions, this cow
average d over 40 pounds of milk a day for
five months, her total yield being exceed
ed (by 70 pounds) by only one of her 70
com cetittors. She made three pounds of
buttjer a day several tunes, 20 pounds a
wee k. and 98 pounds more than any other
cow in the entire test. The blood of this
brec d fa more generally diffused and more
higl "ly prized than any other in the active
but? r-produclng districts of tha United
Bta les, and among family cows in tha
cou atry at large.
T3 sis I3 the only breed of cattle if It may
yet be called a breed that has originated
In J unerica. As to size, color and general
app sarance the Polled Durhoms answer
peri fectly to the description of the typical
Sho rthorn. Daisy 2 was bred and 'raised
in I Uinols. and was one of the foundation
anln lals of this breed. She wa3 a "straw
herr y roan" In color, old-fashioned Short
horr t marking, and was an uncommonly
ham borne and showy cow. She was also.
ash er picture indicates, an excellent milch
cow, giving at times 24 quarts of milk a
day. At her best she weighed 1400 pounds,
and was a very easy keeper. One of her
FAN1 rKH ' H 3T30.
calves "w n. first prize at the Columbian
exposlti 'on In 1893. Many predict a grand
future 1 or this new American breed.
The R ed Polled Is comparatively a new
breed. T hey resemble the Devons, and
yet they ire not closely related. Tha
progenlto. s of this breed were the little,
old. red, b a Tied cattle of Norfolk, and the
dun or m o, U3e-colored polled animals of
Suffolk. Bttt uty 5th 2629 was bred In Ver
mont, both her parents being Imported,
and was aftft -rward owned in Ohio. The
likeness sho '3 her at 5 years old. and
weighing SO', pounds. She wa3 a success
ful show anln -1 In Ohio and Missouri, and
a good dairy w, giving about 7000 pounds
of milk a yea of more than average rich
ness. As dai, ry animals tho Red Polls
must be place, in the second class with
the other breti 3 which aim to serve the
dual purpose. They appear to give rather
more milk than Devons on the average,
but not quite st rich in quality. Being
comparatively . few In number in th!3
country, dairy a scords of entire herds in
tho United Stait e3 are lacking, and tho
available flguies mainly pertain to records
In Great Britam. Good herds there aver
age EOOO to 55C 1 "sounds of milk annually
per cow, and w:t n small and selected, oc-
l caslonally rising to 1OOO pounds. One
record Is clalm.ed of 7741 pounds each for
23 cows.
The second SI iC rthorn boom commenced
after the civil w a.r. and the climax came in
September. 1S73, when the celebrated New
York Mills sale loccurred. One hundred
and nine head mf Shorthorns were then
sold at auction fcx. three hours for 53SO.00O.
Elght cows ave piged 514.000 each, and six
others averaged PM.OOO; one sold for 535,000.
and another for 540.600. Kitty Clay 4th.
a Pennsylvania animal, although bred In
New York, was me of the cows chosen to
represent the S horthorns at tho great
dairy test at Chi sago In 1833. and was the
champion cow of her breed In the butter
test. In the 3C -day trial her yield ot
milk was 1593 pounds, which made 6-4
pounds of butter. Two years later ano
gave almost 5000 pounds of milk in three
months, her best c lay "being 65 pounds. At
a fair-ground trial', when only 2 years old.
sho gave over 23 pounds of milk la ono
day. which made 1 1-3 pounds of good
butter. She is a member of one of the
heat milking families of Shorthorns In
America, and her "veneral purpose" has
been shown In one of her sons, which.
after satisfactory service as a dairy sire.
wois slaughtered Then 5 years old. His
llv weight was 2060 pounds, and the
dressed weight of his four quarters. UCS
pounds. The accompanying likeness of
this fine cow by 1 10 means does her Jus
tice, although It was the best that could
bo obtained. It st-.owa her at the age of
10, when her weigh t was 1343 pounds.
Ttccnp Italntlon.
Oregon's dairying industry was valued
December 31. 13fT. at 55.7. 473. Decemoer
31. IS08. at 57.313,305: December 3L 1W, at
59.523.S7I. Duriag 1SW about M,9,n
pounds of butter and 1.232.740 pounds ot
cheese were made, an lacrease of 26 p--r
cent over the previous year; and tht
two productions brought 19 por cent mor
than they dbl in ISM. Quality greatly
improved. Total -mluo of tha ladastry
about 5t.523.875. Crogon now produces
noarly enough butter aad ehoeoe to supply
the homo domand. WMl soon have a muvh
groat er export trade. Breoosrs of dairy
cattle to Orogon ane fcoeomJag more and
more wara of tho lmpojnca of improve
ment. W. W. BAKSR.
Portland.
Xe-vr Csutle rood.
A new cattle food is mado by grlndlnj
ia arjr eoraouuxs. jesvos aaa tops t3 a
powdor, aad mtztecr it with blood or aao-h-MOS.
or both. Tils is orcoood Into cake,
uadar a kydrawttc oraos. aad can bo
sbiepod as easily as bricks or cordwood.
For feedtag- It la ferekoB up aztd, satxad
with, watar.
lA
1 iitifiir1- "r tf1.
L--f-i-. ,.- i!fe eui; j
',&?- -.kCS' rfl
j .-
j-j, &--,
tp - i
Ri
S m. Si3rm