14
THE MOPyiyG- OREGQyiA3s TUESPATV JASTUAItT 1, 1S9.
TRANSMITTED POWER
Portland's Factories "Will Be' Run "by
Electricity.
THE GREAT ELECTRICAL PLANT AT OREGON" GITY
Largest Plant of Hie JCirxd. Ban ty "Wuter IPprycr in tlie "CTorlcl
Owned by tlc Portland General Elec
tric Company. "'. J
12
HE Portland General
Electric Company, of
Portland, Or., of
which P. F. Morey
Is president, H. W.
Goode is manager,
and C. II. Caufiehl in
secretary, was organ
ised two years since
with a capital stock
of S4,2SQ,8, and has
purchased the entire
wa tcr power embraced
designed to proteet the Interior during
periods of excessive high water.
The units of power, of which there are
to be 10 in the present equipment, each
entirely independent of all the others,
are located as shown in the engravings,
ami consist of a pair of vertical, cylinder
gate, improved Victor turbine wheels,
of 42 and GO inches diameter, respectively
(Figs. 2 and 3). The large wheel Is auxil
iary to the other, and Is provided for use
only at periods of excessive high water.
which, according to the records, occurs.
in the falls of the j usually, every live years. The wheels, t
Oregon City,
af Portland.
V.'iliamette river at
miles above the city
The minimum capacity
of the river at this point is esti
mated to be 50.000 available horse power,
under a head of 49 feet. The steppe of the
falls is composed of basaltic rock, and has
a very Irregular outline, being worn Into
fantastic shapes by the action of the
water. A dam was thrown across the river
fome years since, following die irregular
linos, and there ar numerous factories
antl mills In operation to which oer 4000
will be noted, are located on the same
level, one in the rear of the other, ind
only about one-half the distance below
the level of the water, the theory being
that the weight of the water in the dis
charge or draft pipe is as thoroughly util
ized as if it were all above the wheel.
The lower end of the pipe being always
below the surface of the watc in the tail
race, it is hermeticaaly scaled, so that
the weight tends to form a vacuum nest
the wheel.
The generator of each unit Is of 600-
th e upper jilate so that the generatorsbafl
IiaS a slight free movement up or do'jnr,
and jn&y be readily uncoupled from the
wheel shaft by removing the nuts and
lifting out the bolts. The extension of the
60-Inch wheel shaft is 23 feet long and Si
Inches diameter, and is supported "by a
ring-thrust bearing only. It is desigaed
that the hydraulic oil bearing shall carry
the load of the generator shaft under or
dinary conditions, but it may all be trsns
ferredtothering bearings when necessary.
In the construction of the hydraulic bfsir
ing the shaft is encircled by a four-Inch
ring, which has its lower face inserted In
a sealed case which Is filled with oil and
kept at a constant pressure of 275 pounds
per square inch. The thrust bearing cases,
it will be noted, are supported In each In
stance on Cast-iron pedlstals which: rest
on the top of the wheel flumes.
Both water -wheels sre controlled by the
same vetical shaft which is provided
with a hand wheel'on each floor, maried
C and B (Figs. 3 -and -O, and both are ieg
ulated by the same governor (shown In
Fig. 4). By the shifting of the bevt-led
gears on the governor mechanism,- the
gates of either wheel are operated by the
one hand wheel and governor as. desii ed.
The belt tigntener is also. controlled fioni
either floor by means of a. hand wheeC
7
(Kb Av
FIGURE 1 Exterior of Power Station Electric Long-Distance Trcnsmittion Plant.
horse power of direct water power is now
lOHsed.
One. of the principal plants that are here
operated by water is an electric station,
HtttiHled on a rocky island near the middle
of the river, at which an electiic current
J generated ana transmitted to Portland,
where it is employed for lighting the
streets and dwellings of the. city, and
also for the operation of that" section of
the ISant Side street railway lying be
tween Oregon City and Milwaukie, a dis
tance of seven miles. For the running of
the lighting generators, seven vertical
Victor turbine wheels of 300 horsepower
each are employed, and one 500-horsepower
horizontal wheel of the same type, while
one 200-horeepower horizontal wheel dries
the railway generators. Tlse loss, it is
claimed, in the transmission of the light
ing current to Portland, a distance of 12
miles, is only 10 per cent.
The purchase embraces 1C00 acres of val
uable land in the neighborhood, having
a. river frontage of about 3 miles, which
takes In all the valuable sites of manu
facturing institutions. It alsa embraces a
ship canal, and locks on the west side of
the river, which were constructed some
years blnc-e undo a subsidy from the state
of Oregon of 5200,000. the entire cost being
about $050,009. 15y means of the canal and
locks, the large steamboats which ply en
the river between Portland and up-river
points are carried past the falls, the river
being navigable for about 75 miles above.
The new power station (Fig. 1) which is
now being constructed is located on the
west side of the river, opposite Oregon
City, and borders the canal, the front
wall being a portion of the new concrete
wall which has been built for the purpose
of widening the canal, and through which
the water is to be led to the wheels, and
new aud substantial bulkhead gates have
been installed. The ultimate capacity of
the new station is to be 12.000 horsepower;
only G090 horsepower, however, is to be at
present Installed.
The structure is to be of concrete, stone,
iron and brick; is to have an ultimate
length, paiallel with the river, of 361 feet,
and the eaves are 75 feet above mean low
water mark, the width of the building be
ing S feet. The water Is to be taken rrom
the canal, and after passing through the
wheals Is discharged into the river bclun.
The accompanying illustration (Fig. l)
presents the river side of the structure,
from which it will be noted that the upper
lloor is lighted from transoms in the mon
itor roof, and by a row of ordinary win
dows, while -the middle floor is lighted
through circular openings in the wall,
four feet In diameter, but which terminate
on tlie lntrtde with a bull's-eye sn;h and
glass, three feet in diameter, and made
to olnse watertight, like the bull's-cjes in
the aid of ocean steamers. These are
horsepower-capacity, and is located on the
upper floor of the building, with the arma
ture in a horizontal position attached to
the vertical shaft of the 42-lnch wheel,
and is 30 feet above the Avheel which is
designed to run at a speed of 200 revolu
tions per minute. The shaft of the GO-inch
wheel, which is to be employed only at
periods of high water, is provided with a
horizontal belt pulley, 12 feet in diameter,
with a 48-inch face, from which the'power
is transmitted by a leather belt to a 6-fbot
receiving pulley on i he generator shaft,
both being placed 12 feet above the wheel:
By this reduction, the large wheel, which
makes but 100 revolutions per minute, will
drive the generator at a uniform speed of
200 revolutions, the same as the 42-lnch
wheel. When it becomes necessary to em
rloy the large wheel, the generator shaft
Is uncoupled from its wheel at a point
just above the flume, and the belt is
brought Into contact with Its pulleys by
meuns of the tightener pulley.
In order to support the belt in place
when not In use, the pulleys are all sur
rounded by a shelf and rack, with perpen
dicular pipe guards, which Is also attached
to the tightener pulley, and which, by the
movement of the latter away from the
belt carries the belt with it, and causes it
to spring away from the surface of the
small pulley, so that it receives no frlc
tional wear while idle.
The most interesting features of the
equipment are the bearings (Fig. 4) which
are employed to support the weight of the
vertical shafts, which in the case of he
armature and shaft aggregates 33,500
pounds. The wheel shafts are supported
on double step bearings, as is customary
in vertical turbine wheels, but these not
being sufficient to "carry the weight of the
shaft and armature extra bearings are
provided, and these are of two types: A
ring-thrust bearing, similar to those com
monly employed on the propeller shafts of
steamboats, and an hydraulic oil bearing,
which supplements the ring bearing on
the generator shaft. Both types are en
closed in cases to which the oil is deliv
ered by hydraulic pressure, and all the
cases are water-jacketed for the purpose
of absorbing the heat generated by the
excessive friction. The ring bearings are
adjustable, and so constructed that the
oil cannot fly off or run down the shaft.
The generator shaft, which Is 23 feet in
length and $ inches in diameter, while
it is an extension of the shaft of the 42
inch wheel, does not rest upon the latter,
but the faces of the disk couplings,
through which the power is transmitted,
am ordinnrlly about one-half inch apart
The couplings are connected by 12 two
inch vertical bolts, which aro tapered at
the lower ends, and held flrmly into the
lower plate by means of heavy nuts, but
simply pass through clcse-fittlng holes In
WATER COSTIiOI.
Ease of Resnlntlns: Supply and Ulie
Results Obtained.
HE water Is admitted to the pen
stock from the race "by means
of head gates operated from a
platform alongside of the build
ing, each of which Is provided
with a small gate which is first
opened and which allows the
penstock to fill, and so balance
the pressure against the main
gate when it 13 readily raised.
The penstocks are each 10 feet
in rtlamptpr. and am construct-
c d of riveted steel plates. The
flume? A-hlch inclose the wheels have caat
iron .eads and steel sides, and are so ar
ranges that the water passes first through
the 1-rge flume and on through a short
penstock to the flume of the 42-Inch wheel,
and from the wheels it is discharged di
rectly Into the draft tubes, which are re
united before reaching the tail rate. The
draft tubes are thoroughly anchored to the
steps of the foundation, as shown.
The wheel guide, or case, is shown in
Fig. 5. The paddle-like openings are the
intake chutes, which are closed by means
of a hollow cylinder gate which fits ihe
openings closely all around. The turbine
is mounted within the gate, which, on be
ing raised, allows the water to pass
through the chutes on all sides, when it
comes in contact with the curved buckets
of the wheel, and passing through is dis
charged at the under side of the wheel, so
that the for.ee of the water is practically
applied to the wheel at two points, first
by impact against the buckets, and second
by the reaction of the discharge. The cyl
inder gate is raised or lowered by means
of the beveled gears shown in the figure,
and is balanced by means of a wire rope
and, weight operated over the grooved pulley-
shown on trie opposite side of the
wheel case from the gears. Ordinarily
the Snow governor is employed for the
regulation of the Victor turbine wheels,
but more recently a .combined electrical
and mechanical govempr has been de
vised for use in electrical power plants.
which has; proved sufficiently sensitive to
readily conform to the widely fluctuating
loads that are characteristic of electric
power plants.
The auxiliary power equipment of the
station consists of a set of pumps, includ
ing a hydraulic pump for supplying oil to
the thrust bearing cylinders, and a duplex
water pump for keeping up the circulation
in the.water jackets about these cylinders.
This system " includes "the electric
lights used for -street illumination and for
commercial purposes, and "also the Incan
descent lamps used here for interior illu
mination. The .extent of this system can
be appreciated from the statement that
there are today in use in Portland 1000 arc
lights- and 15,030 incandescent lights. In
addition to running the electric lights of
Portland, power for operating the East
Side electric railway between JlllwaulUe
and Oregon City is also supplied by sta
tion. A.
For running the- incandescent-lighting
system of Portland, the company uses
both, the dynaraqs of the Thomson-Houston
and the "Westinghouse patterns. The
capacity of each of these dynamos is 1500
lamps of 16 candle-power each, and each
dynamo generates sufficient electricity,
when delivered at Portland over the long
Circuit, to run, -1200 lamps of the
above capacity! The conductors used by
the company are No. 4 B. & S. gauge,
weather-proof wire, and the loss in trans
mission between Oregon City and Port
land is about 20 per cent. The arc-light
machines in use are of 100 lights capacity
each, and each machine transmits to Port
land over a circuit of No. 4 wire sufficient
electricity to run S3 arc lamps, the loss in
the arc transmission over these wires be
ing only about 5 per cent-
All the incandescent and arc circuits
run Into the distributing station in Port
land, located at the corner of Water and
Montgomery streets. From this point the
general distribution of all the lighting,
both arc and incandescent, throughout the
city is handled and regulated.
It is the intention of the company to
continue the operation of station A, and
to use station B, now being constructed
on the west side of the liver, blmply for
supplying the power and lights that may
be demanded from the new business that
will naturally come to the company on the
completion of its great plant at Oregon
City. The "ultimate capacity of station B
will be about 12,fl00 horsepower. The foun
dation and ground work for station B has
all een done with the view of supporting
a structure that will be capable of supply-
palatial Oregonlan building, and" is con
veniently located for handling the im
mense business the company now enjoys.
The Portland headquarters consist ot a
basement 40x100 feet In size and IS feet
high, and the office floor above of the
same size. The floor on which the offices
are arranged affords ample room for con
ducting the business of the company in
an effective and expeditious manner. In
the basement will centralize all the wires
from both, the old and the new stations
at Oregon City, and also all the wires for
conducting electricity for both power and
lighting purposes in Portland. These lines
will all be under the control of the man in
charge of the central station. The rotary
transformers for changing the alternating
current into a direct current for railway
and power purposes will also be located
in the central station. Two of these ro
tary transformers, of GOO horsepower each,
will be Installed, immediately, but founda
tions have been arranged in the basement
for six machines. Each of the rotary
transformers weighs 25 tons. The switch
boards In the central station will be en
tirely of marble, and when completed the
entire plant will possess an interest and
an attractiveness which will appeal
strongly to visitors.
It Is the intention of the company to fur
nish power for j-H purposes. It can sup
ply energy for running anything from the
largest factory down to the operating of
small ventilating fans or sewing ma
chines. It will -also supply lighting for
residences, public buildings and stores,
and at a less cost and with a guarantee
of more efficient service than lighting can
be done for by the adoption of any other
methods. The completion of the great
plant of the company at Oregon City will
be of the most signal benefit to every
body in Portland. It Is the intention of
the Portland General Electric Company
to put into effect a scale of prices both
for lighting ani for furnishing power that
will place electric lights and electric power
within the reach of everybody, and with
the adoption of the most approved mod
ern methods of conducting this power to
Portland the company can guarantee a
ELEOTMCITYANDGAS
EFFICIENT SYSTE3I OF LIGHTIXG
ADOPTED IX POItTIiAND.
First Gm for Illumination Pnrposcs
Made la the CUy The Electric
Lights.
HE legislative assembly ot the
territory of Oregon, on January
7. 1SS0, granted to the late
Henry D. Green a perpetual
right to manufacture and sell
gas in the city of Portland. By
the terms of this act. Mr. Green
was to enjoy the exclusive right
to conduct a gas works In this
city for a period of 15 years after the act
went into effect.
At that time there were but two gas
works in operation on the coast, one at
Lan Francisco, the other at Sacramento.
In the same year that he obtained this
charter from the legislature, Mr. Green
commenced the erection of buildings In
Portland In which his proposed gas works
were to be located. In May of the fol
lowing year gas from these works was
first turned into the city mains. The day
when the gas jets in the city were first
lighted was one of great rejoicing. It was
a gala occasion for the entire popula
tion of Portland, and everybody regarded
the establishment of gas works here as
one of the great events in the history of
the city.
The first subscribers, for gas from Mr.
Green included, six of the leading business
houses of the city. The rate established
was $3 per 1000 feet. In 1S62 Messrs. John
Green, H. C. Leonard and Henry D. Green
incorporated what was known for years
as the Portland Gas Light Company,
with a capital stock of $250,000. The sub
scribers to the stock were the three in
corporators. Captain W. I. Dall, W. L.
MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ELECTRIC LONG-DISTANCE TRANSMISSION PLANT.
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(sIHhTt 1 JBR 1 r7 11 )
HP! WiRSraffl
v&SfW-'-ifc 5 HnKnTjS i HPi -V? r t ' ' 3-
FIGURE 5Xcu Upright Victor Wheel Complete.
Shoicing In-Take Shoot.
The pumproom occupies the first, or left
hand, section of the building, and thu
pumps are operated by means of two 13
inch horizontal Alctor turbines, inclosed
in the same flume, one of which operates
the duplex power pump for supplying the
cylinder jackets, and the other the hy
draulic oil pump. The oil is first deliv
ered to the accumulator, the plunger of
which Is weighted so that the pressure 1 5
kept uniformly at 275 pounds to the square
inch. The arm of the accumulator is con
nected with a governing mechanism, and
automatically regulates the supply of oil
in the cylinder. The pipes connecting the
pump with the accumulator are provided
with check valves, go that. In case there
should be a break In the pipes at anj
point, the pressure would not be reduced
In the supply pipes or cylinders.
Another chamber, which occupies the
center portion of the building, or the first
one to the right of the first 10 units, is
known as the excltei'-room, and is pro
vided with a pair of vertical turbine
wheels and generators. The wheels are
each 4S inches In diameter, and operate a
pair of exciters of 400-horsepower capac
ity at 123 revolutions per minute, each of
the armatures of the exciters being at
tached to the vertical shafts of the turbines
in the same manner described fcr the gen
erator armatures, both shafts being pro
vided with ring and hydraulic thrust bear
ings. In this case the shafts are not bolted
together as in the generator-room. The tur
bines are controlled by hand wheels from
both floors. Ordinarily it is expected that
one exciter will be sufficient to. energize
the fields of all the generators, but two
are provided in case one is idle from any
cause. Adding the capacity of the excit
ing generators to that of the power gen
erators, the ultimate electrical capacity of
the station -will be 12.SO0 horsepower, di
vided into 22 separate units.
An electric overhead traveling crane o
12 tons capacity is- provided in the generator-room
for the purpose of handling
armatures and other heavy parts. This
crane has a longitudinal movement of
about 368 feet, and a cross movement of 21
feet G inches. The switchboard is to be
located near the center of the station, and
supported against the columns which car
ry the crane.
ing this limit of power, but the first in
stallation of -water-wheels and electrical
machinery provides for furnishing 2000
horsepower only. -The plans of the com
pany contemplate" adding new water
wheels and dynamos as the increase of
(he business of the company may demand
this extension oFitsi plant.
In the erection of Station B the Portland
General Electric Company has met with
many difficulties, especially in the con
struction of a sound foundation. These
difficulties have all-Been overcome, how
ever, and the plant is now ready for the
rest of the electrical apparatus. This
plant would have been started on the
first of the present year had not the dis
astrous fire in the Albina yards last Sep
tember destroyed a large lot of machin
ery which was on the cars in the yards
ready to be shipped to Oregon City. The
plant will be in successful operation, how
ever, some time in March or April next.
All thei foundation work of the station is
sqw5"competed;'.adlthe, worte-us so far
adv&nce&ifhat-'hlsbowater -canftot- inter-
i"ereinjthcIeaBtwith-thA progress oCTroTk f
Jn finishing 'thorYlank Th&fcomplction. of
the- additional; sections of tbestation and
the instnllatinn.ot'ad'dUJpnai water-wheels
,apd-dynamos -.a&iley may be- r$qu,irpd
will be a, simple dnd comparatively inex
pensive operation, which will not inter
fere In the least with the running of the
plant wliile these changes or additions are
being made.
The electrical plant of station B will
ultimately consist of 20 600-hor3epower
three-phase generators and two 350-horse-power
direct-curfent generators or ex
citers. The installation of the plant, how
ever, which will be ready by April 1 next,
will consist of four 600-horsepower ma
chines. The generators are placed In the
upper story of the power station, and the
armatures are coupled direct to the verti
cal shaft of water-wheels and are run in
a horizontal plane, instead of A-ertically
as in the ordinary dynamo. Each gener
ator weighs Sf.OOO' pounds, of which about
22,000 pounds is in the armatures. The
speed of the armature is 200 revolutions a
minute.
M
IX rOUTIiAXD.
Central Station of Tliia Company lu
the Metropolis.
Before station B at Oregon City will
be ready for operation, the substation
of the company at the corner of Water
and Montgomery streets. In this city, will
have been removed to the corner of Sev
enth and Alder streets, the present head
quarters of the Portland General Electric
Company. The Company recently pur
chased here a full lot, 100x100 feet, on
which it has since erected a central sta
tion and office building. This adjoins the
service that is not available today in any
city in the United States.
All the water-wheel apparatus was fur
nished by the .StUwell-Bierce &" Smlth
Valle Company of Dayton, Ohio. The
electrical appliances are from the works
of the General Electric Company of lew-York.
Sources pf- Alaminum.
The presence of aluminum in clay, says J
the Age of Steel, has led to wild notions
as to its available quantities. Men have
looked on a clay bank and Indulged In
visionary estimates of the wtealth that
was simply waiting for a large shovel and
a roomy wheelbarrow.
It is, however, stated as a cold scien
tific fact by a member of the United
States geological survey that until
some radical change is made from the
present method of reducing aluminum,
bauxite iriust continue to be the chief
Leonard and Major R. W. Kirkman. On
December 11 of the same year the stock
holders held tbelr first meeting. At this
meeting John Green was elected president,
H. C Leonard secretary and H. D. Green
superintendent.
By 1S7G the consumption of gas had so
increased in Portland that It was found
necessary to enlarge the plant and to
provide for a further extension of the
mains. At a meeting of the stockholders
held Noverriber 27. 1SS5, it was again de
cided necessary to further enlarge the
plant of the company. The capital stock
of the company was increased to ?1,000,
000. It was decided to greatly improve the
plant and to purchase the latest improved
machinery and all modern appliances for
the easy and successful manufacture of
Illuminating gas on a large scale. These
changes and improvements were made un
der the direction of Homer Bloomfield, a
thoroughly corapetentgas engineer. On the
completion of the new plant, Portland
"I
1 - '' I
i - I
;. -. ! i jXjh iv J v . -. . j.. . I
- r yJ," , . i ', '... , ?
" -.. . p, -,. (j j
ly lighted from one end to the other.
On the West Bide the distribution of
lights commences at the cemetery or
Fulton, Park, and reaches north to the
AYlliamette He'ghts. On the East Side all
of EastPortland, Upper and Lower Albina,
Seilwood. St. Johns, Woodstock, Waverly,
Sunnyslde, Piedmont, Wcodlawn and
Portsmouth are fully covered by arcj
lights.
The seoond contract made with the
United States Electric Light & Power
Company. In 1SS3. was for 545 Incandescent
lamps of IS candle-power and 43 incandes
cent lamps of 32 candle-power. These
lamps replaced the arc lights and coal
ell lamps then In use here. The- contract
for 1SS7 was a duplicate of that of the
previous year. In 1SS9 the first power
from Oregon City for supplying the aro
lamps or the city was ncelvid here. The
price of the fiit arc lamps put In here
was 525 each per month. This price has
been reduced each year cince that tim.
and under the new contract which will
go into effect in April next the price for
arc lamps will be $5 C2& each. The first
price for incandescent lamps was $1 10
each. The price has been reduced until
the charge today is ?1 72', each per
month.
For street lighting in Portland th
Thomson-Houston double-carbon lamps
are used. An important feature of the
arc lights furnished in Portland Is the
steadiness of the light. This steadiness,
so experts say, is due In a measure to the
lcng-dlstance transmission. It is the
claim of the company supplying these
lamps that the location of the power
Plant, at Oregon City, 13 miles distant.
Insures a better service than could be
given by any plant established in Port
land. ThD poles for carrying the wires
ot the electric lamps throughout the city
are from 50 to 70 feet in height, and all
the line work within the municipal limits
has been done after the most approved
methods. The difference between- the ap
pearance of the pole lines in Fortlan l
and in other cities of the continent of
tho same size is certainly to the credit of
this city.
In 1S31 the old municipal government of
East Portland bought an electric lighting
plant which was located in the East Side
pumping station. This plant was operated
successfully until after consolidation by
East Portland, when it was turned over
to consolidated Portland. This plant sup
plied a service of 150 arc lamps of 20M
candle-power each. The citjr finally, on
April 1. 1893, transferred its interests in
tills plant to the Portland General Elec
tric Company for $27,000, an amount repre
senting about what liad been the actual
cost of the plant to the city. Under the
management of the city the cost per arc
lamp on the East Side circuit was about
i u eacn per monui. ine ruiuauur.
ueueriii ihliiiu iuuiyuiiy iiua &"-"
equally as. efficient a service at the con-
tract price of $9 50 a lamp for the lights
already installed and $9 00 a lamp a month
for new lamps required. The boilers and
"building formerly occupied by the old.
East Side lighting plant were not In
cluded in the transfer to the electric com
pany, as they were part of the pumping
station of the East Side Water Company,
which Is still being operated by the city.
In addition to purchasing the old East
Portland Riant, the Portland General
Electric Company also in November, 1892,
acquired possession of the electric plane
of the Albina Light & Water Company.
All tho street and commercial lighting
in Albina. as well as considerable com
mercial lighting in East Portland, had.
been supplied from this plant. The plant
Is now shut down, all the lights in Albina;
being operated from Oregon City.
All the electric lights used in Portland,
with the exception of those run by plants
installed in some of the great office
buildings of the city, are run by power
supplied by the Oregon City plant. The
Portland General Electric Company gives
a 24-hour service on all it3 commercial
circuits. The city lighting contract pro
vides for lights to .run all night, frpni
'twilight until daylight the following
morning.
The following Interesting table will
show the relative expense of arc lamps
In Portland and in the other leading cit
ies of the coast:
'i!Uii-
FIGU11E I, Hydraulic and TJinut-Eearina Cylinders to Carry Genir.aior SJiaft.
source from which the metal is obtained. J was able to boast of one of the most ef-
This mineral, according to geological
researches, is at present located In Ar
kansas, and in the southern part of thj
Appalachian valley, extending from
Adairsville, Ga., to Jacksonville, Ala.
The continuity of these deposits is not
yet demonstrated, and the possibility or
probable supply is an unknovn quantity.
That science will ultimately devise ef
ficient and economical methods of reduc
ing aluminum, by which the ubiquitous
white metal can be more generously used,
is simply a matter of time.
inliq 9
STATIOX B.
The
on the
FWGBB 9-bofitHal EttKiim f the Up-Strcam End of r.wer Station, Shoving Part in Section,
Xcvr Generatinjr Plant
"West Side.
Station A of the Portland General Elee
tric Company, located on the east bank
of the river, was erected In 1SS0 by the
Willaraetto Falls Electric Company, of
which the former company is the imme
diate successor. This was the first plant
erected at the site of the falls for
the transmission of electricity to Port-
.land. -Station. A at the present time
furnishes the. power for running the
clectric-lighUns system of Portland.
&
I iDDDnonj ,
m W -
CITY AND DURATION.
Portland All night and every night
Spokane " "
Seattle " " " " "
Helena " " " " "
Butte " " " "
San Francisco " " " "
Los Angeles Moonlight schedule....
Oakland " " " ' ....
San Diego " " " " ....
" 2.
$103 50
114 00
119 40
ISO 00
193 00
200 73
10S00
173 20
ISO 00
"x t:
FIGURE 3Sctltoibl ETcralion ofii-fnch and -acA Wheel Room, ioolififVp Stream
flclent gas-producing and distributing
plants In the United States.
The gentlemen at the head of the gas
works in the early history of Portland
were men'qt great enterprise, and their
efforts resulted in affording" Portland
every facility for obtaining the highest
quality of illuminating gas at the lowest
possible rates. In the summer of 1892 the
stockholders of the gas company decided
to retire fromv active business. The in
terests of these stockholders in the old
company were purchased by Charles F.
Adams and A. L. Mills, prominent young
men of this ity. The transfer was made
on August 1, 1S92. The property trans
ferred included about 20 miles of gas
mains with a gas plant having a produc
ing capacity of 700,000 feet a- day. The
purchase price was $930,000. The new own
ers immediately incorporated what is now
known as the Portland Gas Company.
Many of the leading men of Portland sub
scribed for stock in the new company,
and it is today one of the strongest con
porations in the Pacific Northwest.
Since the retirement of the old company
from this field the gas works and the dis
tributing system have been greatly im
proved. Larger mains have been laid on
the west side of the river, the old East
Portland gas plant has been purchased
and a main has been carried across the
Burnside-street bridge for supplying gas
to the East Side residents direct from the
works in Portland. An ammonia plant
has also been added to the old plant here.
The rates for gas have been reduced from
time to time from 59 per 1000 feet In 1880
to ?2 50 per 1000 feet at the present lime.
Not only Is the company giving a rate or
$2 50 per 1000 feet to consumers, but special
discounts are allowed where certain con
ditions are complied with. Gas is fur
nished by the company both for illumin
ating and cooking and beating purposes.
The plant df the company, as before stat
ed, Is a complete one in every respect,
and it is fully capable of meeting every
demand of a city of much larger popula
tion than Portland for gas of a high
quality.
ELECTRIC LIGHTS.
The Present System of Illumination
by Electricity.
HE first contract for arc light
ing by the city of Portland was
made about 10 years ago with
the United States Electric
Light & Power Company. The
contract for electric light was
renewed by the city every two
years after that time until the
service had increased from 23
arc lamps of 2000 candle-power
to 619 lamps of the same ca
pacity and 706 incandescent of 25 candle
power each.
The first 23 arc lamps were rui by power
furnished by the electric plant located
in the works of the Portland Hydraulic
Elevator Company. Thcte lamps were
placed at only a few points in the city
where it was deemed that concentrated
light of great power was needed. Under
the present contract the city la thorougk-
The city of Tacoma owns its plant, and
not only lights the streets, but albo does
commercial lighting. Under this arrange
ment, after allowing for interest and de
preciation, it has been found that the cost
to the city of each 2000 candle-power arc
lamp on the streets of Tacoma Is about
$141 per year. It may be explained, too,
that municipality finds it necessary to
transfer from the general tax fund to the
light fund the sum of $12 a month for each
street light; in other words, It pays itself
for its own lighting.
Chaps
Cracks
Chilblains
Arc quickly soothed, hetled and cured by
the external use of this wonderful Liniment.
It also acts promptly to relieve and cure colds,
coughs, asthma, catarrh, bronchitis, diph
theria and all forms of sore throat. Its special
mission is to soothe pain and allay inflam
mation both internal and external. This simpl:
remedy has probably saved more lives and
afforded more relief to the suffering than any
other known remedy. It will positively cure
croup, sore lungs, spitting of blood, rheu
matism, chronic diarrhcea, neuralgia, pneu
monia, sciatica, kidney troubles, lame back,
lame side, lame shoulder, earache, headache,
toothache, cuts, bruises, strains, sprains, stiff
joints, sore muscles, burns, scalds, bites,
stings, pimples, freckles, sore lips, contusions,
irritations, inflammations, cramps and pains.
ORIGINATED
1 8 10.,.
t fihnson's
h
T
-JtBODYNEUN
It was devised by an old fashioned, noble
hearted Family Physician in 1S10, for the good
of his fellow men. It has stood on its own
intrinsic merit. Generation after generation
have used it with entire satisfaction aud trans
mitted the knowledge of its worth to their
children as a valuable inheritance. For over
So years the demand for it has steadily in
creased. Alt who use it are amazed at its
marvellous power, and are loud in its praise
ever after. It is used and recommended by
physicians everywhere. It is unlike any other.
It is superior to any other. It is the greatvital
and muscle nervine, by its electric energy
exciting the organs to more vigorous esertlon,
thus giving them the power to throw off disease.
V7e have used your Anodyne liniment In our
family for years, aud it is almost the only med
icine we do u;e. aud we use this for almost
evervthiug. I have used it as an external
application with astonishing results.
Hiram Odli::, Baugor, Maine.
Tie Doctor's ri3naiure and directions on ererj bottla.
IHWd Pamp!Jtt i rec. SoM verrbT3. Prl-t.3urts.
hU Dottles, jicc. i. S. JOISON & CO, Botcn. Uao
TOE 8FT GLQW F
Th tea rose is acrrcired bv ladies who EMI
jpozzoi's Complexion Powder. Try it, I