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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 1, 1895)
14 THE MOPyiyG- OREGQyiA3s TUESPATV JASTUAItT 1, 1S9. TRANSMITTED POWER Portland's Factories "Will Be' Run "by Electricity. THE GREAT ELECTRICAL PLANT AT OREGON" GITY Largest Plant of Hie JCirxd. Ban ty "Wuter IPprycr in tlie "CTorlcl Owned by tlc Portland General Elec tric Company. "'. J 12 HE Portland General Electric Company, of Portland, Or., of which P. F. Morey Is president, H. W. Goode is manager, and C. II. Caufiehl in secretary, was organ ised two years since with a capital stock of S4,2SQ,8, and has purchased the entire wa tcr power embraced designed to proteet the Interior during periods of excessive high water. The units of power, of which there are to be 10 in the present equipment, each entirely independent of all the others, are located as shown in the engravings, ami consist of a pair of vertical, cylinder gate, improved Victor turbine wheels, of 42 and GO inches diameter, respectively (Figs. 2 and 3). The large wheel Is auxil iary to the other, and Is provided for use only at periods of excessive high water. which, according to the records, occurs. in the falls of the j usually, every live years. The wheels, t Oregon City, af Portland. V.'iliamette river at miles above the city The minimum capacity of the river at this point is esti mated to be 50.000 available horse power, under a head of 49 feet. The steppe of the falls is composed of basaltic rock, and has a very Irregular outline, being worn Into fantastic shapes by the action of the water. A dam was thrown across the river fome years since, following die irregular linos, and there ar numerous factories antl mills In operation to which oer 4000 will be noted, are located on the same level, one in the rear of the other, ind only about one-half the distance below the level of the water, the theory being that the weight of the water in the dis charge or draft pipe is as thoroughly util ized as if it were all above the wheel. The lower end of the pipe being always below the surface of the watc in the tail race, it is hermeticaaly scaled, so that the weight tends to form a vacuum nest the wheel. The generator of each unit Is of 600- th e upper jilate so that the generatorsbafl IiaS a slight free movement up or do'jnr, and jn&y be readily uncoupled from the wheel shaft by removing the nuts and lifting out the bolts. The extension of the 60-Inch wheel shaft is 23 feet long and Si Inches diameter, and is supported "by a ring-thrust bearing only. It is desigaed that the hydraulic oil bearing shall carry the load of the generator shaft under or dinary conditions, but it may all be trsns ferredtothering bearings when necessary. In the construction of the hydraulic bfsir ing the shaft is encircled by a four-Inch ring, which has its lower face inserted In a sealed case which Is filled with oil and kept at a constant pressure of 275 pounds per square inch. The thrust bearing cases, it will be noted, are supported In each In stance on Cast-iron pedlstals which: rest on the top of the wheel flumes. Both water -wheels sre controlled by the same vetical shaft which is provided with a hand wheel'on each floor, maried C and B (Figs. 3 -and -O, and both are ieg ulated by the same governor (shown In Fig. 4). By the shifting of the bevt-led gears on the governor mechanism,- the gates of either wheel are operated by the one hand wheel and governor as. desii ed. The belt tigntener is also. controlled fioni either floor by means of a. hand wheeC 7 (Kb Av FIGURE 1 Exterior of Power Station Electric Long-Distance Trcnsmittion Plant. horse power of direct water power is now lOHsed. One. of the principal plants that are here operated by water is an electric station, HtttiHled on a rocky island near the middle of the river, at which an electiic current J generated ana transmitted to Portland, where it is employed for lighting the streets and dwellings of the. city, and also for the operation of that" section of the ISant Side street railway lying be tween Oregon City and Milwaukie, a dis tance of seven miles. For the running of the lighting generators, seven vertical Victor turbine wheels of 300 horsepower each are employed, and one 500-horsepower horizontal wheel of the same type, while one 200-horeepower horizontal wheel dries the railway generators. Tlse loss, it is claimed, in the transmission of the light ing current to Portland, a distance of 12 miles, is only 10 per cent. The purchase embraces 1C00 acres of val uable land in the neighborhood, having a. river frontage of about 3 miles, which takes In all the valuable sites of manu facturing institutions. It alsa embraces a ship canal, and locks on the west side of the river, which were constructed some years blnc-e undo a subsidy from the state of Oregon of 5200,000. the entire cost being about $050,009. 15y means of the canal and locks, the large steamboats which ply en the river between Portland and up-river points are carried past the falls, the river being navigable for about 75 miles above. The new power station (Fig. 1) which is now being constructed is located on the west side of the river, opposite Oregon City, and borders the canal, the front wall being a portion of the new concrete wall which has been built for the purpose of widening the canal, and through which the water is to be led to the wheels, and new aud substantial bulkhead gates have been installed. The ultimate capacity of the new station is to be 12.000 horsepower; only G090 horsepower, however, is to be at present Installed. The structure is to be of concrete, stone, iron and brick; is to have an ultimate length, paiallel with the river, of 361 feet, and the eaves are 75 feet above mean low water mark, the width of the building be ing S feet. The water Is to be taken rrom the canal, and after passing through the wheals Is discharged into the river bclun. The accompanying illustration (Fig. l) presents the river side of the structure, from which it will be noted that the upper lloor is lighted from transoms in the mon itor roof, and by a row of ordinary win dows, while -the middle floor is lighted through circular openings in the wall, four feet In diameter, but which terminate on tlie lntrtde with a bull's-eye sn;h and glass, three feet in diameter, and made to olnse watertight, like the bull's-cjes in the aid of ocean steamers. These are horsepower-capacity, and is located on the upper floor of the building, with the arma ture in a horizontal position attached to the vertical shaft of the 42-lnch wheel, and is 30 feet above the Avheel which is designed to run at a speed of 200 revolu tions per minute. The shaft of the GO-inch wheel, which is to be employed only at periods of high water, is provided with a horizontal belt pulley, 12 feet in diameter, with a 48-inch face, from which the'power is transmitted by a leather belt to a 6-fbot receiving pulley on i he generator shaft, both being placed 12 feet above the wheel: By this reduction, the large wheel, which makes but 100 revolutions per minute, will drive the generator at a uniform speed of 200 revolutions, the same as the 42-lnch wheel. When it becomes necessary to em rloy the large wheel, the generator shaft Is uncoupled from its wheel at a point just above the flume, and the belt is brought Into contact with Its pulleys by meuns of the tightener pulley. In order to support the belt in place when not In use, the pulleys are all sur rounded by a shelf and rack, with perpen dicular pipe guards, which Is also attached to the tightener pulley, and which, by the movement of the latter away from the belt carries the belt with it, and causes it to spring away from the surface of the small pulley, so that it receives no frlc tional wear while idle. The most interesting features of the equipment are the bearings (Fig. 4) which are employed to support the weight of the vertical shafts, which in the case of he armature and shaft aggregates 33,500 pounds. The wheel shafts are supported on double step bearings, as is customary in vertical turbine wheels, but these not being sufficient to "carry the weight of the shaft and armature extra bearings are provided, and these are of two types: A ring-thrust bearing, similar to those com monly employed on the propeller shafts of steamboats, and an hydraulic oil bearing, which supplements the ring bearing on the generator shaft. Both types are en closed in cases to which the oil is deliv ered by hydraulic pressure, and all the cases are water-jacketed for the purpose of absorbing the heat generated by the excessive friction. The ring bearings are adjustable, and so constructed that the oil cannot fly off or run down the shaft. The generator shaft, which Is 23 feet in length and $ inches in diameter, while it is an extension of the shaft of the 42 inch wheel, does not rest upon the latter, but the faces of the disk couplings, through which the power is transmitted, am ordinnrlly about one-half inch apart The couplings are connected by 12 two inch vertical bolts, which aro tapered at the lower ends, and held flrmly into the lower plate by means of heavy nuts, but simply pass through clcse-fittlng holes In WATER COSTIiOI. Ease of Resnlntlns: Supply and Ulie Results Obtained. HE water Is admitted to the pen stock from the race "by means of head gates operated from a platform alongside of the build ing, each of which Is provided with a small gate which is first opened and which allows the penstock to fill, and so balance the pressure against the main gate when it 13 readily raised. The penstocks are each 10 feet in rtlamptpr. and am construct- c d of riveted steel plates. The flume? A-hlch inclose the wheels have caat iron .eads and steel sides, and are so ar ranges that the water passes first through the 1-rge flume and on through a short penstock to the flume of the 42-Inch wheel, and from the wheels it is discharged di rectly Into the draft tubes, which are re united before reaching the tail rate. The draft tubes are thoroughly anchored to the steps of the foundation, as shown. The wheel guide, or case, is shown in Fig. 5. The paddle-like openings are the intake chutes, which are closed by means of a hollow cylinder gate which fits ihe openings closely all around. The turbine is mounted within the gate, which, on be ing raised, allows the water to pass through the chutes on all sides, when it comes in contact with the curved buckets of the wheel, and passing through is dis charged at the under side of the wheel, so that the for.ee of the water is practically applied to the wheel at two points, first by impact against the buckets, and second by the reaction of the discharge. The cyl inder gate is raised or lowered by means of the beveled gears shown in the figure, and is balanced by means of a wire rope and, weight operated over the grooved pulley- shown on trie opposite side of the wheel case from the gears. Ordinarily the Snow governor is employed for the regulation of the Victor turbine wheels, but more recently a .combined electrical and mechanical govempr has been de vised for use in electrical power plants. which has; proved sufficiently sensitive to readily conform to the widely fluctuating loads that are characteristic of electric power plants. The auxiliary power equipment of the station consists of a set of pumps, includ ing a hydraulic pump for supplying oil to the thrust bearing cylinders, and a duplex water pump for keeping up the circulation in the.water jackets about these cylinders. This system " includes "the electric lights used for -street illumination and for commercial purposes, and "also the Incan descent lamps used here for interior illu mination. The .extent of this system can be appreciated from the statement that there are today in use in Portland 1000 arc lights- and 15,030 incandescent lights. In addition to running the electric lights of Portland, power for operating the East Side electric railway between JlllwaulUe and Oregon City is also supplied by sta tion. A. For running the- incandescent-lighting system of Portland, the company uses both, the dynaraqs of the Thomson-Houston and the "Westinghouse patterns. The capacity of each of these dynamos is 1500 lamps of 16 candle-power each, and each dynamo generates sufficient electricity, when delivered at Portland over the long Circuit, to run, -1200 lamps of the above capacity! The conductors used by the company are No. 4 B. & S. gauge, weather-proof wire, and the loss in trans mission between Oregon City and Port land is about 20 per cent. The arc-light machines in use are of 100 lights capacity each, and each machine transmits to Port land over a circuit of No. 4 wire sufficient electricity to run S3 arc lamps, the loss in the arc transmission over these wires be ing only about 5 per cent- All the incandescent and arc circuits run Into the distributing station in Port land, located at the corner of Water and Montgomery streets. From this point the general distribution of all the lighting, both arc and incandescent, throughout the city is handled and regulated. It is the intention of the company to continue the operation of station A, and to use station B, now being constructed on the west side of the liver, blmply for supplying the power and lights that may be demanded from the new business that will naturally come to the company on the completion of its great plant at Oregon City. The "ultimate capacity of station B will be about 12,fl00 horsepower. The foun dation and ground work for station B has all een done with the view of supporting a structure that will be capable of supply- palatial Oregonlan building, and" is con veniently located for handling the im mense business the company now enjoys. The Portland headquarters consist ot a basement 40x100 feet In size and IS feet high, and the office floor above of the same size. The floor on which the offices are arranged affords ample room for con ducting the business of the company in an effective and expeditious manner. In the basement will centralize all the wires from both, the old and the new stations at Oregon City, and also all the wires for conducting electricity for both power and lighting purposes in Portland. These lines will all be under the control of the man in charge of the central station. The rotary transformers for changing the alternating current into a direct current for railway and power purposes will also be located in the central station. Two of these ro tary transformers, of GOO horsepower each, will be Installed, immediately, but founda tions have been arranged in the basement for six machines. Each of the rotary transformers weighs 25 tons. The switch boards In the central station will be en tirely of marble, and when completed the entire plant will possess an interest and an attractiveness which will appeal strongly to visitors. It Is the intention of the company to fur nish power for j-H purposes. It can sup ply energy for running anything from the largest factory down to the operating of small ventilating fans or sewing ma chines. It will -also supply lighting for residences, public buildings and stores, and at a less cost and with a guarantee of more efficient service than lighting can be done for by the adoption of any other methods. The completion of the great plant of the company at Oregon City will be of the most signal benefit to every body in Portland. It Is the intention of the Portland General Electric Company to put into effect a scale of prices both for lighting ani for furnishing power that will place electric lights and electric power within the reach of everybody, and with the adoption of the most approved mod ern methods of conducting this power to Portland the company can guarantee a ELEOTMCITYANDGAS EFFICIENT SYSTE3I OF LIGHTIXG ADOPTED IX POItTIiAND. First Gm for Illumination Pnrposcs Made la the CUy The Electric Lights. HE legislative assembly ot the territory of Oregon, on January 7. 1SS0, granted to the late Henry D. Green a perpetual right to manufacture and sell gas in the city of Portland. By the terms of this act. Mr. Green was to enjoy the exclusive right to conduct a gas works In this city for a period of 15 years after the act went into effect. At that time there were but two gas works in operation on the coast, one at Lan Francisco, the other at Sacramento. In the same year that he obtained this charter from the legislature, Mr. Green commenced the erection of buildings In Portland In which his proposed gas works were to be located. In May of the fol lowing year gas from these works was first turned into the city mains. The day when the gas jets in the city were first lighted was one of great rejoicing. It was a gala occasion for the entire popula tion of Portland, and everybody regarded the establishment of gas works here as one of the great events in the history of the city. The first subscribers, for gas from Mr. Green included, six of the leading business houses of the city. The rate established was $3 per 1000 feet. In 1S62 Messrs. John Green, H. C. Leonard and Henry D. Green incorporated what was known for years as the Portland Gas Light Company, with a capital stock of $250,000. The sub scribers to the stock were the three in corporators. Captain W. I. Dall, W. L. MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ELECTRIC LONG-DISTANCE TRANSMISSION PLANT. i w 1 & nrn tvnt rru r mm Jmm Jum & (sIHhTt 1 JBR 1 r7 11 ) HP! WiRSraffl v&SfW-'-ifc 5 HnKnTjS i HPi -V? r t ' ' 3- FIGURE 5Xcu Upright Victor Wheel Complete. Shoicing In-Take Shoot. The pumproom occupies the first, or left hand, section of the building, and thu pumps are operated by means of two 13 inch horizontal Alctor turbines, inclosed in the same flume, one of which operates the duplex power pump for supplying the cylinder jackets, and the other the hy draulic oil pump. The oil is first deliv ered to the accumulator, the plunger of which Is weighted so that the pressure 1 5 kept uniformly at 275 pounds to the square inch. The arm of the accumulator is con nected with a governing mechanism, and automatically regulates the supply of oil in the cylinder. The pipes connecting the pump with the accumulator are provided with check valves, go that. In case there should be a break In the pipes at anj point, the pressure would not be reduced In the supply pipes or cylinders. Another chamber, which occupies the center portion of the building, or the first one to the right of the first 10 units, is known as the excltei'-room, and is pro vided with a pair of vertical turbine wheels and generators. The wheels are each 4S inches In diameter, and operate a pair of exciters of 400-horsepower capac ity at 123 revolutions per minute, each of the armatures of the exciters being at tached to the vertical shafts of the turbines in the same manner described fcr the gen erator armatures, both shafts being pro vided with ring and hydraulic thrust bear ings. In this case the shafts are not bolted together as in the generator-room. The tur bines are controlled by hand wheels from both floors. Ordinarily it is expected that one exciter will be sufficient to. energize the fields of all the generators, but two are provided in case one is idle from any cause. Adding the capacity of the excit ing generators to that of the power gen erators, the ultimate electrical capacity of the station -will be 12.SO0 horsepower, di vided into 22 separate units. An electric overhead traveling crane o 12 tons capacity is- provided in the generator-room for the purpose of handling armatures and other heavy parts. This crane has a longitudinal movement of about 368 feet, and a cross movement of 21 feet G inches. The switchboard is to be located near the center of the station, and supported against the columns which car ry the crane. ing this limit of power, but the first in stallation of -water-wheels and electrical machinery provides for furnishing 2000 horsepower only. -The plans of the com pany contemplate" adding new water wheels and dynamos as the increase of (he business of the company may demand this extension oFitsi plant. In the erection of Station B the Portland General Electric Company has met with many difficulties, especially in the con struction of a sound foundation. These difficulties have all-Been overcome, how ever, and the plant is now ready for the rest of the electrical apparatus. This plant would have been started on the first of the present year had not the dis astrous fire in the Albina yards last Sep tember destroyed a large lot of machin ery which was on the cars in the yards ready to be shipped to Oregon City. The plant will be in successful operation, how ever, some time in March or April next. All thei foundation work of the station is sqw5"competed;'.adlthe, worte-us so far adv&nce&ifhat-'hlsbowater -canftot- inter- i"ereinjthcIeaBtwith-thA progress oCTroTk f Jn finishing 'thorYlank Th&fcomplction. of the- additional; sections of tbestation and the instnllatinn.ot'ad'dUJpnai water-wheels ,apd-dynamos -.a&iley may be- r$qu,irpd will be a, simple dnd comparatively inex pensive operation, which will not inter fere In the least with the running of the plant wliile these changes or additions are being made. The electrical plant of station B will ultimately consist of 20 600-hor3epower three-phase generators and two 350-horse-power direct-curfent generators or ex citers. The installation of the plant, how ever, which will be ready by April 1 next, will consist of four 600-horsepower ma chines. The generators are placed In the upper story of the power station, and the armatures are coupled direct to the verti cal shaft of water-wheels and are run in a horizontal plane, instead of A-ertically as in the ordinary dynamo. Each gener ator weighs Sf.OOO' pounds, of which about 22,000 pounds is in the armatures. The speed of the armature is 200 revolutions a minute. M IX rOUTIiAXD. Central Station of Tliia Company lu the Metropolis. Before station B at Oregon City will be ready for operation, the substation of the company at the corner of Water and Montgomery streets. In this city, will have been removed to the corner of Sev enth and Alder streets, the present head quarters of the Portland General Electric Company. The Company recently pur chased here a full lot, 100x100 feet, on which it has since erected a central sta tion and office building. This adjoins the service that is not available today in any city in the United States. All the water-wheel apparatus was fur nished by the .StUwell-Bierce &" Smlth Valle Company of Dayton, Ohio. The electrical appliances are from the works of the General Electric Company of lew-York. Sources pf- Alaminum. The presence of aluminum in clay, says J the Age of Steel, has led to wild notions as to its available quantities. Men have looked on a clay bank and Indulged In visionary estimates of the wtealth that was simply waiting for a large shovel and a roomy wheelbarrow. It is, however, stated as a cold scien tific fact by a member of the United States geological survey that until some radical change is made from the present method of reducing aluminum, bauxite iriust continue to be the chief Leonard and Major R. W. Kirkman. On December 11 of the same year the stock holders held tbelr first meeting. At this meeting John Green was elected president, H. C Leonard secretary and H. D. Green superintendent. By 1S7G the consumption of gas had so increased in Portland that It was found necessary to enlarge the plant and to provide for a further extension of the mains. At a meeting of the stockholders held Noverriber 27. 1SS5, it was again de cided necessary to further enlarge the plant of the company. The capital stock of the company was increased to ?1,000, 000. It was decided to greatly improve the plant and to purchase the latest improved machinery and all modern appliances for the easy and successful manufacture of Illuminating gas on a large scale. These changes and improvements were made un der the direction of Homer Bloomfield, a thoroughly corapetentgas engineer. On the completion of the new plant, Portland "I 1 - '' I i - I ;. -. ! i jXjh iv J v . -. . j.. . I - r yJ," , . i ', '... , ? " -.. . p, -,. (j j ly lighted from one end to the other. On the West Bide the distribution of lights commences at the cemetery or Fulton, Park, and reaches north to the AYlliamette He'ghts. On the East Side all of EastPortland, Upper and Lower Albina, Seilwood. St. Johns, Woodstock, Waverly, Sunnyslde, Piedmont, Wcodlawn and Portsmouth are fully covered by arcj lights. The seoond contract made with the United States Electric Light & Power Company. In 1SS3. was for 545 Incandescent lamps of IS candle-power and 43 incandes cent lamps of 32 candle-power. These lamps replaced the arc lights and coal ell lamps then In use here. The- contract for 1SS7 was a duplicate of that of the previous year. In 1SS9 the first power from Oregon City for supplying the aro lamps or the city was ncelvid here. The price of the fiit arc lamps put In here was 525 each per month. This price has been reduced each year cince that tim. and under the new contract which will go into effect in April next the price for arc lamps will be $5 C2& each. The first price for incandescent lamps was $1 10 each. The price has been reduced until the charge today is ?1 72', each per month. For street lighting in Portland th Thomson-Houston double-carbon lamps are used. An important feature of the arc lights furnished in Portland Is the steadiness of the light. This steadiness, so experts say, is due In a measure to the lcng-dlstance transmission. It is the claim of the company supplying these lamps that the location of the power Plant, at Oregon City, 13 miles distant. Insures a better service than could be given by any plant established in Port land. ThD poles for carrying the wires ot the electric lamps throughout the city are from 50 to 70 feet in height, and all the line work within the municipal limits has been done after the most approved methods. The difference between- the ap pearance of the pole lines in Fortlan l and in other cities of the continent of tho same size is certainly to the credit of this city. In 1S31 the old municipal government of East Portland bought an electric lighting plant which was located in the East Side pumping station. This plant was operated successfully until after consolidation by East Portland, when it was turned over to consolidated Portland. This plant sup plied a service of 150 arc lamps of 20M candle-power each. The citjr finally, on April 1. 1893, transferred its interests in tills plant to the Portland General Elec tric Company for $27,000, an amount repre senting about what liad been the actual cost of the plant to the city. Under the management of the city the cost per arc lamp on the East Side circuit was about i u eacn per monui. ine ruiuauur. ueueriii ihliiiu iuuiyuiiy iiua &"-" equally as. efficient a service at the con- tract price of $9 50 a lamp for the lights already installed and $9 00 a lamp a month for new lamps required. The boilers and "building formerly occupied by the old. East Side lighting plant were not In cluded in the transfer to the electric com pany, as they were part of the pumping station of the East Side Water Company, which Is still being operated by the city. In addition to purchasing the old East Portland Riant, the Portland General Electric Company also in November, 1892, acquired possession of the electric plane of the Albina Light & Water Company. All tho street and commercial lighting in Albina. as well as considerable com mercial lighting in East Portland, had. been supplied from this plant. The plant Is now shut down, all the lights in Albina; being operated from Oregon City. All the electric lights used in Portland, with the exception of those run by plants installed in some of the great office buildings of the city, are run by power supplied by the Oregon City plant. The Portland General Electric Company gives a 24-hour service on all it3 commercial circuits. The city lighting contract pro vides for lights to .run all night, frpni 'twilight until daylight the following morning. The following Interesting table will show the relative expense of arc lamps In Portland and in the other leading cit ies of the coast: 'i!Uii- FIGU11E I, Hydraulic and TJinut-Eearina Cylinders to Carry Genir.aior SJiaft. source from which the metal is obtained. J was able to boast of one of the most ef- This mineral, according to geological researches, is at present located In Ar kansas, and in the southern part of thj Appalachian valley, extending from Adairsville, Ga., to Jacksonville, Ala. The continuity of these deposits is not yet demonstrated, and the possibility or probable supply is an unknovn quantity. That science will ultimately devise ef ficient and economical methods of reduc ing aluminum, by which the ubiquitous white metal can be more generously used, is simply a matter of time. inliq 9 STATIOX B. The on the FWGBB 9-bofitHal EttKiim f the Up-Strcam End of r.wer Station, Shoving Part in Section, Xcvr Generatinjr Plant "West Side. Station A of the Portland General Elee tric Company, located on the east bank of the river, was erected In 1SS0 by the Willaraetto Falls Electric Company, of which the former company is the imme diate successor. This was the first plant erected at the site of the falls for the transmission of electricity to Port- .land. -Station. A at the present time furnishes the. power for running the clectric-lighUns system of Portland. & I iDDDnonj , m W - CITY AND DURATION. Portland All night and every night Spokane " " Seattle " " " " " Helena " " " " " Butte " " " " San Francisco " " " " Los Angeles Moonlight schedule.... Oakland " " " ' .... San Diego " " " " .... " 2. $103 50 114 00 119 40 ISO 00 193 00 200 73 10S00 173 20 ISO 00 "x t: FIGURE 3Sctltoibl ETcralion ofii-fnch and -acA Wheel Room, ioolififVp Stream flclent gas-producing and distributing plants In the United States. The gentlemen at the head of the gas works in the early history of Portland were men'qt great enterprise, and their efforts resulted in affording" Portland every facility for obtaining the highest quality of illuminating gas at the lowest possible rates. In the summer of 1892 the stockholders of the gas company decided to retire fromv active business. The in terests of these stockholders in the old company were purchased by Charles F. Adams and A. L. Mills, prominent young men of this ity. The transfer was made on August 1, 1S92. The property trans ferred included about 20 miles of gas mains with a gas plant having a produc ing capacity of 700,000 feet a- day. The purchase price was $930,000. The new own ers immediately incorporated what is now known as the Portland Gas Company. Many of the leading men of Portland sub scribed for stock in the new company, and it is today one of the strongest con porations in the Pacific Northwest. Since the retirement of the old company from this field the gas works and the dis tributing system have been greatly im proved. Larger mains have been laid on the west side of the river, the old East Portland gas plant has been purchased and a main has been carried across the Burnside-street bridge for supplying gas to the East Side residents direct from the works in Portland. An ammonia plant has also been added to the old plant here. The rates for gas have been reduced from time to time from 59 per 1000 feet In 1880 to ?2 50 per 1000 feet at the present lime. Not only Is the company giving a rate or $2 50 per 1000 feet to consumers, but special discounts are allowed where certain con ditions are complied with. Gas is fur nished by the company both for illumin ating and cooking and beating purposes. The plant df the company, as before stat ed, Is a complete one in every respect, and it is fully capable of meeting every demand of a city of much larger popula tion than Portland for gas of a high quality. ELECTRIC LIGHTS. The Present System of Illumination by Electricity. HE first contract for arc light ing by the city of Portland was made about 10 years ago with the United States Electric Light & Power Company. The contract for electric light was renewed by the city every two years after that time until the service had increased from 23 arc lamps of 2000 candle-power to 619 lamps of the same ca pacity and 706 incandescent of 25 candle power each. The first 23 arc lamps were rui by power furnished by the electric plant located in the works of the Portland Hydraulic Elevator Company. Thcte lamps were placed at only a few points in the city where it was deemed that concentrated light of great power was needed. Under the present contract the city la thorougk- The city of Tacoma owns its plant, and not only lights the streets, but albo does commercial lighting. Under this arrange ment, after allowing for interest and de preciation, it has been found that the cost to the city of each 2000 candle-power arc lamp on the streets of Tacoma Is about $141 per year. It may be explained, too, that municipality finds it necessary to transfer from the general tax fund to the light fund the sum of $12 a month for each street light; in other words, It pays itself for its own lighting. Chaps Cracks Chilblains Arc quickly soothed, hetled and cured by the external use of this wonderful Liniment. It also acts promptly to relieve and cure colds, coughs, asthma, catarrh, bronchitis, diph theria and all forms of sore throat. Its special mission is to soothe pain and allay inflam mation both internal and external. This simpl: remedy has probably saved more lives and afforded more relief to the suffering than any other known remedy. It will positively cure croup, sore lungs, spitting of blood, rheu matism, chronic diarrhcea, neuralgia, pneu monia, sciatica, kidney troubles, lame back, lame side, lame shoulder, earache, headache, toothache, cuts, bruises, strains, sprains, stiff joints, sore muscles, burns, scalds, bites, stings, pimples, freckles, sore lips, contusions, irritations, inflammations, cramps and pains. ORIGINATED 1 8 10.,. t fihnson's h T -JtBODYNEUN It was devised by an old fashioned, noble hearted Family Physician in 1S10, for the good of his fellow men. It has stood on its own intrinsic merit. Generation after generation have used it with entire satisfaction aud trans mitted the knowledge of its worth to their children as a valuable inheritance. For over So years the demand for it has steadily in creased. Alt who use it are amazed at its marvellous power, and are loud in its praise ever after. It is used and recommended by physicians everywhere. It is unlike any other. It is superior to any other. It is the greatvital and muscle nervine, by its electric energy exciting the organs to more vigorous esertlon, thus giving them the power to throw off disease. V7e have used your Anodyne liniment In our family for years, aud it is almost the only med icine we do u;e. aud we use this for almost evervthiug. I have used it as an external application with astonishing results. Hiram Odli::, Baugor, Maine. Tie Doctor's ri3naiure and directions on ererj bottla. IHWd Pamp!Jtt i rec. SoM verrbT3. Prl-t.3urts. hU Dottles, jicc. i. S. JOISON & CO, Botcn. Uao TOE 8FT GLQW F Th tea rose is acrrcired bv ladies who EMI jpozzoi's Complexion Powder. Try it, I