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About The Oregon statesman. (Oregon City, O.T. [Or.]) 1851-1866 | View Entire Issue (April 20, 1858)
VOL. 8. NO. G. Qlijc Oregon Stalcomau. , - J! : ... -i ' ' AHAIircJ-Ht Proprietor utitl F.itltor. Teio. - Published weekly, at nvo dollars peraBimm, "'"if mt raH within kIx months; four tllur per niutnm, . ir m' itlitn t months; thre noil m iwr annum. .. f pd It advance. Ou dlinr additional will, tie Clltrireo l'r rani rnr i'ajim-ni is nrnu'rini. Nrt psper tUaeonllnnetl, unless nt the option of tho pnb!ihrr. until nil nrrr .inure nr pid. Ai Knmiw. iH"mmre,(twilve limr le) Piree Insertions, on ; for trery additionnl Insertion. 1 . A liberal dmliietion mil be inal to ysnly. tiitlf ami , quarter yrariv a.irrieni. , Transient adM-rtisemrnts miint be lre paid tola Jar insertion. Piveree n.1 es will not te pnhHshetl . wnol panl for. Ailiniiirtrat'r. nHitii, anil ailndvir ttsrntcnts relating tit sUlrs.of dts-riisrd person. hhi4 bepnrpnH. unit- oMered pul'll-dn-d hy th 1'roluite ,iat,r.ami marantsl u ha patri hr him. fintievto par tit litigant, hrir. altaWmiFiit, and all other leiral no r ,Ucea, ntaat to pre-uid, uulvs atvoC nioBttilo atlcr . Jvey jrnnraatre payment. All aJvtrUtinic not I'.u J wttliin ouo year from the lime whrn puntrafitMi, 1:1 I rii:ir'et iivr'iij nvo pr " rent. addiHenst. esrn wr payment l neilvtil tVr alter. AH Jobbing ni-ttt I paia ir when taken tr-jiti the otn-e. fished free: but aM obituary br Moirnnihlea! notice, Vasoliition of aoviotiPH. onltTH, Ac.. n'l lxwtfj api-f . d ta WMti t-XP anniutii-emrnts mint 1 paW rur Ih'I mt 1 fmbntltt. atMhc rute of 10 ntit jwr lltip. Ml framimJ--ati.n,of only prwsl liiU've-t,w.i-t ) p.-.KI ftr, to ail i anre. t the rat. - In thi t.tuer are i)'4,'l'-liC'l l'x Linr, riiMiliitiona n. r9tH- ot inf i imi pHAtM. ami Bi inn him nril tlotmf the Territorr of ltvion. Iiv aathtirity. amr. Rnrhtaan, ' pv niNnt The uliiucj tribute toir ! .in.1 pntri.Uu' Chief Mnsistrntr, wa al.!r.l( to tlmt tir!iti; lCTnriati herf, the Miialppi.iti, pnbliilii' I t Jackson Miia!ppt : " IiKo Uone.n-li),'lit ho atan.!. Vbilat raffinir ctnuenls are tfnijwat -l.iIictt Th alinintino bne nninorwl an. I fie-l. It atill throw out its rajf athwart th gIooi!, tjuidinp aright. On Iiira nil eye arc GcJ. (Vlurtitita'a fhi.-f WLt.lom'a '1 riuuivlra. tirrat thrv iu one Clay, fallioita and NVubatiT, To him thir nianilf left a iivritniri-, . T inwoven with hi own pui A. Merer, ,'ti-tire, Tni'h, a'l tht lirigltt throi That erwrlinh arvun'l his p-n-roua hi-art Ai l bnRht-ns u; with plry its S.inctiim. . Vhr pmxlnoss JwrlU thi'n rIinto his f.te I'ntil like Stini-hine canpht fmm lloa vert's rlimt His brow is lit. . I saw him mill the throng, -An.l a I pnxe.l upon the noble form A.I saw the silver frtxt Tim; laid Jeep A lyre his brow niethontht how truly mM t Sreat bulonmn, "tliAt trrar hairs aw the. cro n tf glory to the a.gX nian' but hV Itenenth th.it crow n you se the rniirlitv heave tW Intelh-et nt like the frichtenwl Ihonhta f Kmperors whwe liaiKls warrants hive ij!Vil To heap np hei-at.uuts ot rnia but 1'ke -The t-hiMrer. of that antu-Jit sire .ill aet-k To hare hi hand in blessing UuJ u;un Their Lea li. . Ah yea, creat tatetnan. res, TV" storms may hnn tarnl tlmn-li-ra hiirl their bolts Anil lijrh mines' renl ope the e)i Is aii.l bripjr Fierce Fury b-n then art the bow That ben.l"bcnathe the storm the lorions arch Proclaiming peaoe. I.oti? mar ron rive kin 1 one. Ami mar ajVi-etions trtie. Hke from my heart ron've won. be parnere.l rtp irbirt nrr s.nil to light Ibv pnth in life's il n-lininj; y-nrs, An,l when our i.vl shall call thee home miy t!:en Affection's rays be turned to st.irs to deeW Thr cr.wn in Heaven." ff mhiglo .Vy IK if. l--"i". A Miracie. T!ie ni'Mition of nlms piv in? tct!I a somewhat luI.'orotis story of modern date, w here tn.t inirxrf une mira cle was nrroiiifht. The well known Frcm-It mif-ioiiry, rattier riiilinc, was n!wa poor, for "titc MUJj)!c roaon lLt he fiavo mwar ererytUin? he had. One evening iie j asked for a night's b-Hlrirs the enrate of a fiHae tliroug't lich Itc j as.d and tUc wortliy nun havinpj only oiw lJ shard it withLim. At diybreak Father lirulaino arose, accordio to cnftoiii, ond went to sny his pravers at tlic neirborinpr tliurth. lle tarning from his sacred duty he met n b g par who aked an aim. "Ala, my friend, 1 have nothinx!' said the poo.i prie.-t, me chanically ptiltincrhis band in his lmclics pocket, where, to hi ntonihmcnt, lie fonn-1 OBiothiniS LarJ wrapped up in a paper, I.icli he knew he hadTtotiert there. He hast ily opened the paper. wJn four crowns in it, cried out that it wa a miracle! lie gave' the money to the beggar, and hasten ed into the chart h to return thanks to God. Thecnrate after arrived there, and Father Brid-iiite related the miracle, with the . trreatest unction; the curate tnrn xi ptvle, pat hi hand in his pocket, and in an instant -jcrceircl that Fattier UriJa.:C in ffettinirnp in the d irk, had taken the wrong pair of breeches; he hal performed a miracle witii the curates crowns. "KS-E7 rtiarriajes arc not by any taeaiii invariably happy ones though trut!i compels ns to admit that ve have known brilliant exceptions: "She stood ls-de the altar when he was bat sixteen. She was in lrtre' her destiny rented on a creature o dtdicatc 'a herr-elf. She looked lovely as she piononnced the vow. Think of a from auburn hair.eye,and pouting lips vow Oillv sixteen years old. She stood by the wash tab when her twenty-fifth blrth-tlay arrived. The hair, the lips the eyes were not culou lated to excite the heart. Five cross yoonar ones were about the houc crying some breaking things and one urging the neces sity of an immediate supply of the lacteal sccretiou. She stooped iu despair and sat down, and tears trickled down her ouce plaiip and radJy cheek. Alas! Nancy, early marriages are not the dodge. Iljttcr enjoy youth at home, aud hold lover at a distance until yoa have muscle, limb, and 'heart enoos'.l to face a frowning world and ramily. If a chap really cares for you, he tan wait two or three years, make presents, ,ake yoa to concerts, aud so on, until the Vime comes. Early marriages and early cab bages are tender productions." Sterx Integrity. The late Duke of Wel lington having purchased a valuable farm which lay adjacent to one of hig estates, was conTatulated by his steward upon securing such a bargain, as the seller had been for- ced to part with it from difficulties. On the Dake inquiring what he meant by the bar gain, the steward replied, "It is valued at 5,500, and yoa have got it for 4,000." "la that case," said the Iron Duke, "you will please carry the extra 1,500 to the late owner, aud never talk to me of cheap land again." The Fresidext. Toe office seekers Cud the President a tough cast m sr. Tua Tr bane correspondent compares him, even to his initials, with Dicken's character of Joe Ba-stock, in "Dombey & Son," who thus describes himself: "J. B. is awake, Sir; wide awake. J. U. is alive. Sir. J. U. kuows a move or two. J T5 has h'u weather-eye opeD, Si r. You'll find l.ini torurh. Sir. Ton?!!, tough, is J. Tough, and dev-il-ish sly." llrjHMt nf tka KMitrftntrnAent nt Inillan If, ir lr Ki vicok i( aaHlittoit Xcit-llo- ' ' OrruK Srr't Jsdian Affairs Ci.ti.FM, Orrgon, Sept. 1. V) M: J ii obedience , to t ho regulations of the Indian department, I submit tuy llrhtan- nntii report. . , lhe nccotnpMuyinjr reports of ngeiita will exhibit detailed statements of the condition of Indian affairs . within , their respective agencies. . - . - Under the provisions tf the act of Con gress or March ;$, 1857, uniting Washing ton and Oregon Territories in u single supvr intendency, 1 nssnmud the duties of the of fice in Oregon Territory on the first day of May last, and in accordance with instruc tions from lute Commissioner Manvpeuny, hearing 'date March 18. After reporting upon the condition of Indian ultairs iu this Territory, 1 proceeded Iia Olympiu, nud on the 2d of June relieved (Governor Steveiih, aud ttssuuied the duties of thcoflieo in Wash inptoti . Territory. y The union of the two Territories has thrown on amount of business upon this of fice MillicicU to occupy my entire attention, and utterly precludes the practicability of my giving any time to tho personnl supervi sion k.S the duties of aeuU by visiiting them or the tribes under their charge. Tho recent mul irenernl Ms.tr of hohtilities exitin in both Territories, and the necessa ry means adopted by my predecessors in each Territory for the restoration of eacp, has utxvssnrily and directly tetuled to com plicate our relations with tho Indians, and renders the duties of the superintendent more arduous and diflicult ttiau they had been at any time previous to the general outbreak. 1 re v ions to tho hostilities of K5;, the few collisions with the Indians h:id been with detached and isolated tribes or bands with out auy attempt on their part to confederate thvir torev.s for the purpose of common hos tilities. While some of those collisions have doubtless grown out of, and have to some extent becu induced by, the vicious and rerk- vss conduct of a few unscrupulous white men, for whoe conduct the mass of the com munity tan in no way bo held responsible, the facts and history of what has becu char acterized as "foraya" will, in nearly every instauce, clearlv liemonstrato that the lit- diaus have been the agirressors, and that the whites have acted on the defensive. This is pai ticiuaily true of the hotihlies of 1S55, wh.c.i, in us details, pives abuinlant evidence of it well matured and preconcerted plan of action, by the loruuiioit of an alliance of all the principal tribes inhabiting the coun try from Cjliforiiia to the lb-iiitdi 1 osses- MOIIS. This out break was long predicted, and the whitcH i.i ditlerent si-ctions cf the country were frequently ndmosii?hed of their danger by fiicimlr ludintis. l'lie tirbt nets of hostilitr, in the mnrder f I) !cn, Mattice, nud others, in the Yaki ma couture, was the signal for n ccneral ni.'i-', in wlucii tho Indians, conlident m st rcu -tii of numlx-m mid advanta;es iu nn intiinule knowic-dpe of tho country, expect- -d to vanpii.sh und vxteruiiuule what tiiey regarded ns their natural enemies. Of the history of the ensuing war nud its vnrious iucideuts, run have been fu'lv ndvis-! ed bv the military, tho superintendents of j Indian affairs, an I the tlovernors of tho two ' Territiries. While it is not inr design to rewrite the history of the w ar, 1 desire to say that those who ore so deluded ns to entertain or give expression to the opinion that the war ot lS."o w as undertaken lor the purpose of rob bing or despoiling the Indians, are greatly mistaken iu their deductions from facts w hich warrant no such conclusions. Frrors may and doubtless have been committed by both civil and military officers in their connection i w ith the war, the paU.at;on of which u no j part of my duty. lut he who deliberately I asserts that the people of the two Territo ries abandoned their homes, neglected their jtnvaie anairs, ana engageu in a contest i ucmeuis is u.iiij reuuei mg vui icmiwiu , j houhj uo, Ue tuken from them without re with an overwiielmiug number of Indians, them more Uitheult, and would seem to indi- J ceiving a fair compensation., They were generally destitute of pcrsonnl proerty, for j cate the necessity of some "tueaus for the : ast informed that, until those treaties were the sake of pluudcr, betrays a credulity to be pitied. The result of the war evidently disap pointed the sanguine expectations of both the whites and the" Indians, as niout an espial iinr!ilK.T of each fell in the various con flicts. - ' The ludians by superior numbers, nnd the advantages of their peculiar iuodo of war fare, remained nnconquercd, and the result of the war tended to conviuce them that it could not le ca-Wy done; a sort of armistice was declared, and the Indians contiguous to j the settlements, especially those belonging , tii the sonfhern inwlion cif (IreiroiK n'rreeil I to remove to the reservations, with the nn-! would bo necessary to overcome in order to dcrstanding that they should be subsisted by i separate the two races. Tho rapid eucrouch tho government, whose agents negotiated ; mcut of the white settleiueuts ou both bides the peace; aud they are ready to take upi of tho lVoeky uiouutaius leaves no couutry arms and resume hostilities whenever the' to which the Indians can be assigned, witU goveruraent cease to comply with its part of j out incurring the hostility of the present the contract, practically offering the govern- j owners aud occupauts; aud 1 see uo way to meat the alternative of "feeding or fighting i ameliorate their coudition and prolong tueir thcin." existence, except to collect them ou rcserva- They have never been chastised for the ' tions, and give them a subsistence until such outrages committed on oar people, aud, with ! time as they can be induced to obtuiu it for the exception of the loss and destruction of I themselves by agriculture, some of their personal property, they have I Whatever policy may finally bo adopted suffered but little by the war, while its re-1 in relation to these unfortunate people, 1 suits have emboldened them, and tended to ; can assure you that uone can be worse, or nr.vliiPA the imnression iu their minds that j productive of more evil to both them uud they have the ability to contend successfully a"-aiust the eutire white race. lhe effect ot ...... i 'i- . ..rrf ,,f the late war has been to render the mauage- meut of the Indians much more diflicult than at any previous tioie. Their great numbers, intimate nuowieuge ti, nnlmrr torr.-ther with the scattered aud defenseless' state of the settlemcnts.con- tributcd to their success in their marauding j the governmeut at the urauu ivouuo ana and pluuderrug expeditions; the provisions j Silitz, (coast reservation.) and cattle caotured from the whites afforded According to the ceusus, there are two them ample subsistence, both iu quality and 1 thousand and lorty-uiue at the Siluz, twelve quantity, far superior to anything that they ; hundred ut tho Graud lloude, aud six huu had at any previous time enjoyed, and, as j dred aud uiuety at the mouth of the Ltup they have never been subdued, it is but nat-l qua, uiakiug a total of three thousand uiue ural that they should be willing to resume ! hundred aud thirty-uiue, who are dependent hostilities when they have so much to gain i 0u the goveruuieut for their support, aud so little to lose. In fact, the southern Iu addiliou to these, there are four reiu Iudtaus located on the Silitz are constantly ! uauts of tribes scattered aloug the coast telling the agent that the lost more by sick- j south, from the Columbia river to the ueigh ness last winter thau they did iu'all of the j borhood of Tillamook, who are under the preceding ten months' war, and frequently charge of sub-ageut Hayuaond; they number say "it ii your peace that is killing us." ' two hundred and fifty-one souls, aud have The. policy of exercising a Tigilant system ! received Borne little support from the gov of surveillance over the different aud re-; ernmept.- motely situated bands and tribes of Indians In addition to the foregoing enumeration, was adopted by my predecessor, particular- I estimate that there are scattered along the ly in Washington Territory, and requires a ' coast, in Oregon, about two hundred and SALEM, OREGON TEltlUTOItY, APIs. 1 1, 20, 1 858. largo number of local and special Barents for that purpose. i The present appearance of things would not indicate that tho services of those tem porary agents could bo safely dispensed with, and 1 would therefore ilesiie to nrgo upon yonr attention the necessity of some legal provision for their permanent appointment. There should be nl least six additional full ttuuts and four sub-agents for the two Territories. : i ' ' Tiie threat number' of Indinus inhabiting the e.Mcnsive country west of the Cascade mountains and bordering upon l'ugel's 8ouud, ref aires the constant and vigilant attention of at least three full aironts and three sub agents where there is . now but a single ngent regularly npioiiitcd by the gov vriinieut.' , ' .t . .i When it is taken into cor.sideratioa that tho Sound cf ltef embraces ovor- sixteen hundred miles of shoro line, oruupittd by ten thousand Indians, whoso 'management is ren dered a hundredfold more diflioult by rea son of a sparse, widely scnttered, and de fenceless white population living in their midst, 1 think that the necessity of an in crease cf agents will be apparent. 1 regard our relations with the Indians within this snpeiintctidency, and especially :.. .i.- ....t .i.i. i ..r i u.....i in vim iivikuikii iiito vi t use, ouiiuii, ii resiiug upon a very precarious ousts, ami lhe Indians liable at any moment, aud for the most trivial cause, to assume an attitude of open hostility. 1 cannot belter illustrate their condition than bv the following extracts from my re port of the llUli of Juno last: . Great evils ure constantly resulting from tho extensive sale of ardent spirits to the Indians. The different agents do all in their power to nboliidi this nefarious traffic, carried on by unprincipled n hitu men; but 1 see no way to uci-ompiiidi its discontinuance so long as the whites aud Indians occupy the entire country iu conimou. liven the small reser vations established by law, nud whero the intercourse laws ought to be enforced, are nearly destitute of military protection, and the agents iu charge left to their own re sources in the mauagemeul of their compli cated and rcspousdde duties. The laud laws which permit the occupa tion aud setllcmeut'of both Washington und Oregon Territories, regardless of the rights of the ludians, render the intercourse laws, pracliculiy, a nullity. Any tnuu who has thu least idea of luihnit character iu their barbarous and uncivilized state will uol be long in arriving ut a couchi-ncii as to what would bo the result of their living with nnd occupying thu country iu coiutuou with the whiles. Tliis uuomaliuis condition of things em barrassed the ollicers of the department here at every step, and raiders an increase ol i g0,, rt.iiuro ti,e government or their charge. iigentsabsoluUly neccisury to guard und pro- The region of country cast of the Cas Ucl the rights ol tho Indians, and prevent ,., mottntaius is daily iH-coining or more constant collisions betw ecu theiu and their j i,llporta,K.e to tho whites, by reason of the w inle neighbor. ' discovery of gold iu its northern limits, nnd It is useless to talk about pacifying tho j iu ilux traversed by the great thorough Indians, utid cultivating friendly rvlaUous j Uadiim U Uiu States. Our people 'are with them on auy permanent ba.-is so long ; l)ei,1( COiitiitialy brought in contact with us they urn recognied by the government us ; iu ld,au occupants, wliich compose aereral having rifchts to tho soil; while those rights ! ,llllut roUi iiltx wailike tribes. In order to remain u-icxtiuguisoeii, tney regaia me got- e.-ument as ignoring them, und look npou every w lute-tltorr as an emiuissury r'"- lj0Jr j .... here to rob and despoil them of what claim ai their iuhentuuec. .. ,!, tp,.iie winch hava been made J.vcll lue treaties wuu.u ua oecxi tuaut, remain, with but few exceptions, iiuratilied,.; lry by wlit0 tilers, and every endeavor aud of tho few that have been ratified, but ' m9 uuidc to prercut intrusion npon bw have been fuitiiled. . u,,. au Ullll uc, tjllI0 e3 tflc g0Vurn- Those delays aud disappointments.togeth- IHe0t Uecidtf opj1 tll0 liiiositioti to be tr with the uufal tilled promises which have. ,uade of the treaties. been made to them, has had the vU'cct to j In order to relievo and quiet their nnpre dehtroy their couhdeuce in the veracity of j iieusious in relation to the occupation of the government, agents; aud now, w lieu new promises are made to theiu for the purjioso of conciliating their tricudauip, Uy ouiy ngard thcui as an exteusiou ot a very Jong catalogue of falsehood atrcady existing The extension and iucrease of white set- separation of the two races. The present condition of things -canuot i last long, and some permanent ' policy uta.t ; be speedily adopted, by the governmeut for j the protection -of the whites and subsistence of the Indians. As the lunds of the latter f are entirely ovcupiva "J mo -unw, . i i... i... ...i.:,.... 1...;. means of obtaining a living are greatly cur tailed. . ' ' Tiie wants of those "untutorcit wurds of the sovcrnMttU" should be supplied, aud their rights protected, uuless the government has j determiued that they should be doomed to exlciniinaliou at too nanus ui ib I am aWaie of. the difficulties Which It ; the whites, than the prcseut joint aud pro- miscuous occupatiou ot tue country, auu t.o j long as it is continued, you may expect pe- n j riodical reports ol ' lMianniijiciuiie. The rovernuieut haviug ratified the trea ties with the ludiaus of tne Willamette, tho ; llniooua aud Koirue Uiver valleys, those In j diaus have beeu collected aud subsisted by illy Indians who have never 1een collected rind taken to the reservations, 1 Those nro mostly lawless, wondering vagabonds," who lie in the mountains euursired in plundering remote settlements m oppiit t unities occur. Yoii will olMi rve, by the foregoin-r. that the number of Indians in Oregon west of the l astMde mountains amount, in the ag gregate, to r.nlr thonsnnd three hundred and forty, and I think Unit the enumeration run bo relied on ns very nearly accurate.' i According! to the most rcWnt und relinble estimates, the total number of ' Indians in Oregon Is elevert thousand eight hundred, and in -Washington Territory twenty ond thousand mo veil hundred ntnl twelve; making the total of hnlians w ithin this superintend" ency thirty three thrtumnd' five hundred and twelve.' .": ' i i' i '! '. . -At the Grand HmJe And Hilltr, as you' will olnservo by the reports of agents Miller and Melcalf, rxteimisy ' Improvements hrtvr been mnde in tho way of fencing, brenking land, und putting wp buildings for 'the use and comfort r tho tribes located at these points. , . The expenses of those Improvements have been tieoessarily large, resulting in part from the hfcrh tuiee of labor on this const mul In : ari from tho svstem that l.n been t...ral.e.l . : : ,y tne itepartllient Of willlliolj funds, and compelling the agents to make their pur- jt-iinses on cicdit at prices much higher than uicy conui im nnnto lor ca!i. - ' 11 tit lilflA tvill lio ft-onliyad I Ma jr nn m ' t, ji ""in tne crops put in upon tho reservations, ns the grotiud is new, nud ttie season, owing to the drought, remarkably unfavorable. The Indians will therefore require the continued As.istauce of the government until they ore in a condition to raise somt thing fur them selves, lly receiving the necessary encour agement nnd assisttWIee from the government those people may, in the conrse of a few years, be enabled to raise sufllcient to sup ply their wants; but so far ns their ultimate civilization or ChrMianizition Is concerned, I am convinced that all such ideas ore Uto pian and impracticable. The sources from which they arc expected to receive those blessings contain the ele ments of their destruction; and it Is a mel ancholy fact that the ludrnns witli!n,this su perintondenry w ho have been brought in the most direct contact with tho whites, and w no have had the best opportunities of oh-! serving the benefits of civilir.it ion, have profited tho least by such advantages. They j, have acquired a'J the vices of the white man without any of his virtues; and while the ; hist lilt ecu years has witnessed the hio?.t frightful diminution in their numbers, their ifcterioratioii, morally, physically aud Intel lectually, has been equally rapid. Starva tion, disease, and bail whiskey combined is rauidlr ilerimnt tiir their number nml wilt ,llu;taiii fiicndiv relations with them, and prevent constant d.llioulties. it reonircs the . i - presence ot several reliable ngents. The treaties negotiated with those tnte- rinr tribes never havimr bri-n rntifi.il ther . " , , ., J llrrt n&irc. i.i t:m ftf.tti(kni..,t iT 1,..ih inn j their country by our people, I directed agent I Laudsdule, on his trip to the Flathead conn j try, to explain to them the fail nro of the j government to comply with its promises by ' reason of the non rut iiicat ion of the trca i ties, and to assure them that their lands I ratified, they could e.ect nothing from the rrovernmcut iu the shane of aunuitica orsnli- sujioaco . . . r l would reconnnond that teps be taken to .l.row oikii tho Walht Wullu vuller to s,.tiicm.. ft u UQ advanced noiut in tho ' . . . . . . . . ! interior, Which, if occupied, would protect 1 nud iucrease the facilities for nn overland communication with the States. Tho Walla Wullaisu rich valley, unsurpassed in its uai;ties ns a irraziiiir country, and a desira blo ocuiiy for a white settlement. It has uready been purchased by the treaties made i,y Uoveruor bieveus aud lato Superintend' cut i'ulmer with the Cay uses and Nez Per- Ct'S. As the treaties have never been ratified, the country is not considered open to settle ment. : I understand that tho Indians ex press some dissatisfuctiou at those treuties. which may render their modification ueces- j nt the same time and by the same nana mat sary. I robbed nnd despoiled them of their property. The only portion of the country cast ofj If there ever was a meritorious class of the Cascade mountains now occupied by our ; claimants for indemnification, it is those per citizens, is that in the immediate vicinity of' sons; and I desire to urge that some means the Dulles, oil the south side cf the Coluiu-! bo adopted to compensate them for their bin river. ; losses. This country belongs to the ludians who j The 1 tlh section or the act of Congress of were parlies to the treaty of the 25th of June 30, 1834, is wholly inapplicable to this June, lt53. They have been great suffer-! class of claims. That act provides thot ers by reason of the occupation of their J claims for Indian spoliations shall, under the country by the whites, ami have never re-: ; ceivej uny compensation I would there- rore earnestly recommend that the treaty ' entered into between those people aud late superintendent Puluicr ou the 25th of Juue, ISoo, be immediately ratified, aud funds ap propriated for its execution. The treaty referred to is liberal in its pro visions; the Indians who are parties, to it have exhibited good faith towards our gov ernment. They have beeu deprived of their lauds, aud, the United States having receiv ed all the benefits of the treaty, i think that justice, as well as good policy, should induce the government to comply with their part of the contract. ' I would also earnestly recommend that the treaties negotiated by Governor Steveus with the ludiaus iu Washington Territory west of the Cascade mountains be ratified as speedily as possible, as it will be diflicult to re-strain the ludiaus who are parties to those treaties much longer by mere promi ses. . A treaty was negotiated by late Superiuerpetrator8 are deadv or stjU hostile, aud 1855, with the various tribes inhabiting the coast from the mouth of tho Columbia river ThosrH inoea were conieneriiieu iy tne treaty re ferred to, and consist of the Tilluinooks Coos Bay, Cotpiille, Too-loo-te-neys,Chcfi:( Kinselar, Clatsop, und Lower Umpiina In dians. - ' A portion of those have nlroadv been moved to the reservation, while others re main upon their original lands. Much of their lands have been taken and occupied by the whites,1 nnd I would recommend that the treatv made with them by the late Su- pciiuienucni i miner ue rnimed. Tho Chchalis and Cowlitz Indians churn" a large and valuable district of country in the heart or the settled portion of Washing' ton Territory, between the Columbia ' river nnd Paget' Sound. ' They have tiever been tmall aPA nni0i,B frt .oil ' country. 1 would recommend that a treaty Im concluded with them for the extinguish a a . 1 almt . M a . ... ment of their lights to the soil. My own observation In relation te ?the treaties which hare leeii made Iu Oregon lends me to the conclusion that in most In stances the Indians have not received a fair compensation for the rights which they have relinquished to tho government. It Is too often the case In such negotia tions that the nircnts of the irovernuieiit nru lover nnviotis to drive a cluse bnrfoifir nnd when nn aggregate amount is mentioned, it appears large, without taking into con'side- rntill that the Indians in the sale nnd stir- t iu ..r .1..:- !... i ; .11 rniiur ui meir ironiiirv, urc sun eui':ring nil their means of obtaining a living; and when tho small annuities come to bo divided throughout the tribe, it exhibits but n piti ful nnd tneugre sum for the supply of their individual wants. The Indians receiving; so little for ttie great surrender which they have made, besrin to conclude that they have been (Jvfnitid-rt; thty become dissatisfied, ami fi nally resort to arms in the vain hope of re training their 'lost rights, and the govern ment expends millions in the prosecution of a war which might have been entirely avoid ed by a little more liberality in t!T ir deal ing with a people who have no Very correct t notions of the value of money or property. A notnble Instance of this kind is exhibited southward to the California' line. iu the treatv of September 10, 1333, with ' 11,0 treaty, wlucii is also called Tor as au cr the Itogtic hirer Indians. That tribe has j fieient nnd indispedsnble menus to maintain diminished more than one-hair in numbers i ll,cir "'aceful disposition. I am of the opiu Miice the execution or the treaty referred to. j '" witl u, connrmalion of the treaty They, however, number ut present nine hun-; ,u"' tho I'''scnce tif a reliable agent, those dred nnd nine souls. j Indians can be easily managed. ; The exper- ' The country which they ceiled embraces lieill'lv tilt trlti!o nf I'lO Vultinliln lirtrtii,,, ,,. n-.vt.r ra,;.,.. cm,riU.il!;, .. ..,,. try unsurpassed in the fertility of its soil and value of its gold tubes; and the com pensation w hich these nine hundred and iii::u people now living receive for this valuable j cession ta forty thousand dollars, iu sixteen equal nnuual installments or two thousand I five hundred dollars each, a fraction over two dollars and fifty cents per annum to j the person, which is tho entire means pro vided for their clothing and sustenance. When those Indians look back to the val I liable country w hich tliey hare sol I, ultonud- 'i-'tr daa.f alU Halt and pnnv: a:id"rit'h ; gold fields it is but natural that they should : conclude that the v- s0 per annum was a I p-)or coiiipensatiou, for tho rghts thev re i linqui-hed. It is true that tho government i can congratulate it-self upon the excellence I of its bargains, w hile the millions of dolhu.s I ctit.d.mi.ltt v stient I'l KIlltdllillfT tlwwn ..... 1,. . . . .? ... . 1 ' lulled to convince wietn mat tliey liavc . . . . been fairly dealt with. I desire to call the attention of the read er to the fact that a Inrgeaud constantly in creasing number: of claims for indemnifica tion for spoliations committed by tho differ ent tribes iu Oregon and Washington Terri tories during the existence of the difficulties within the Inst two years have accumulated in this office. Those claims have been sub mitted by. o:ir citizens with the general un derstanding' that tho. general government would indemnify them for losses sustained by reason of its failure to reciprocate their allegianco by that protection which they, ns American citizens, elaim that they have n right to demand at the hands of their gov ernment. ' ;' ' ' ' ' The persons who have been snQcrers by the hostilities of the Indians iu the two Ter ritories have been legally 'in the conntry; having been invited by the government to settle the country, the protection of the gov- A : i:...n. I - crumeuv i nnpiii-uiy poiiui. Many of those persons who now present claims for indemnification had, by long years of toil aud patient endurance of all the hard ships and deprivations incident to frontier life, accumulated a competence for their de clining years, imagining themselves secure in their possessions under the protection of their government;' but the hostilities of 1855 swept them of their hard earnings, end has left tliom to languish iu the most abject want and penury. Many of them are aged, while others are widows and or phans, deprived of their natural protectors direction ot the 1'resident, ue ursi suomiueu to the nation or tribe who committed me depredations for satisfaction; and if such or refuse to ' nation or tribe shall neglect make satisfaction iu a reasonable time, not exceeding twelve months, it shall be the duty of the superintendent, agent, or sub- agent, to make returns ot his doings to tue Commissioner of Iudian Affairs, that such further steps may be taken as shall be prop er, in the opinion of tho President, to ob tain satisfaction for the iujury. The act also guarantees to the party an eveutual iudcmtiification by tho United States. No claim for property stolen or destroyed ever, to my knowledge, beeu pre sented to any of the tribes withiu this su perintendence for their action. Any such presentation to the tribes would bo a piece of useless folly, for the reason that iu most instances it is not known, in the general state of war which existed, what M.nflnnl Iril.i l , i (S flnmrnittud tllA mitr.l- ges complained of; in many instances the w.tr.tnr. nr dead or still hostile. aud ihose who survive and have been reduced to submission, are not disposed to acknowledge anycf their crimes, and in every instance would deny Iheir participation aud refuse t assent to iiMiemnillcatlon. Kven if they should make tho admission of their willingness to make reparation, it isj tomiiy oeyonu tneir aoiiuy to perform. i"" jnuiaiia nun wuoin we nave treaties nre themselves in a state of starvation and destitution, nnd their annuities would not pay one cent on the dollar for the property they have destroyed. -:u . , l would therefore recommend that means be adopted for tho relief of these snfTercj-s ind claimants upon the justice and magua- miniiy 01 congress.- There should bo an appropriation made to pay the claims as they are presented,, and if any doubt exists as to their justice, a commission might be appoint ed to investigation them. , , ; - 'lhf rintqcf amliof ,m.. - t - - ' perieneed within this snperintehdency for the last . year for want of funds; the out steiidiug and unpaid claims against the de partment, amounting to over four hundred thousand dollars, has totally destroyed its credit, and persons who have rendered ser vices and furnished supplies begin to conclude that they never will be paid. The natural result of this delay in remit ting funds has tended to embarass the offi cers here, ftiid made it necessary to pay more for supplies In depreciated government prom ises, than the rntne purchases confd be made for iu cash. It is hoped that these cmbar fasuieiits may be spcepily relieved. ' Thu treaty negotiated in 1B55 with the Flath'-nd Indians should be confirmed; their country is he thoroughfare of good routes from the northwestern States to the Colum bia valley. They were parties to the L'laek feet council and the treaty, which provides compensation only for the Ulackfeet treaty, mi l from time Immemorial have bceu firm iu their friendship for our people. During the recent Indian dink-nltics they evinced every disposition to comply with tLe wishes of tlfe government, aud oftc-u declar ed to the agent that they would not harbor the hostilities in their country. It is their boast that they have never shed the blood of the white man. Good faith towards them reiinires the prompt confirmation of inieut, fairly tried, of teaching theiu the usa ges of civilized life, nnd with the necessary safeguards thrown around them against the mischievous influences always attending the advance of our settlements into an Indian country, when measures have not been taken to separate the two races, I think will re sult in their permanent benefit. Tne treaties ncgotiotcd in 1855 with the Nez Pcrces, Walla Walla, Caynscs, Uma tilas, and Vnkimas, I regard as of great importance with reference to the policy to ; Isa adopted by the government iu relation to these great interior tribes. - ' No treaties have yet been ratified with ' tho SjMikuues aud other tribes bordering on our northern boundary cait of the Cascade mountains, the discovery of gold mines in that region will bring our people in direct contact with those Indians and I think that thu sujierintendent should be authorized to negotiate treaties with them. It is said that it large colony of Mormons from Salt Lake have established themselves on Salmon river, within the superintendency; that they are supplying the Indians with arms and aramn ntion, and iuciting them to hostilities. 1 have no positive information on the subject ns yet, but have taken steps to ascertain the facts relative thereto, and when I am advised will report accordingly. ' " It is but pqo per that I should state that the Indians who committed the first act of hostilities in the cold-blooded, aud inhuman murder of Sub-agent Colon are still running at large. In an interview i which I had with Briga dier General Clark; commanding this de partment, at the Dalles on the 30tb of Juue, 1 urged upon him the necessity of au im mediate demand upon the Yakima tribe for the' surrender of those murderers. From the tenor of the General's remarks at the time, I was led to conclude that the demand would be proinply made; subsequently, un der dale of July 2d, 1 received a letter from the general, asking tne to submit my views on the subject in writing. I herewith trans mit copies of the correspondence. I have to regret the view the general has taken of the matter, esjiecially as a temporizing policy is poorly calculated to inspire respect in the minds of tho Indians; i lowing that there was a largo military force in the inter ior, I had hoped that a different policy would bo adopted. ' There are still a few vagabond aud out law Indians lurking about in the mountafus contiguous to the Umpqn.i and llogue river valleys; they were desperadoes who origiu ally refused to surrender aud remove to the reservations; aud the character of the coun try which they inhabit renders them more dificuit to find thau ever the ludians of Flor ida were. They are constantly pouncing upon the exposed settlements, killing stock, robbing aud burning houses, and murdering the occupants. The location and maraud ing character of those Indians' render them capable of inflicting great injury npon the j whites, and it is feared that they will torsn ; a uucleus around which the late hostile In dians upou the Siletts will rally, if they pat in execution their oft-repeated threats of leaving the reservation. Every effort has been made by this cfiice to induce those hostiles to come to terms of submission. A special agent bos been des patched, and is now in their country, for the purpose of securing and removing them to the reservation. I have little hopes of his success, and see no way that the settlers in those iufested neighborhoods can rid them selves of the nuisance, unless they can hit upou some mode for their extermination, a result which would occasion no regrets at this office. , ' A remnant of the Chetca and Pistol river ludiaus, who refused to emigrate to the reservations with the bodies of their tribes, are creating some difficulty in the south westrru portion of the Territory. I enclose herewith copies of the correspondence with Captain Ticunor relative thereto. The Indians within this superintendency ! aye no correct knowledge of the power and extcut of the United States, and regard jeach of the immigrating parUes of whites iney see occasion., j i-u.8 ! country as a distinct and entire tnbe.- WHOLE NO. 3-70. Borne of therp-j-" he entire white i const' and that', terminating oO mis -ue conld succcJ In r .iving them ( ' .1 country V similar tt In view L .aed by them, I vrV,.J v.ri oprlety r' provision tjeing loade f ' Vtbe cl of the principal V:' 4 t" ' for tho purpose or? wite 1 L - power or. the Americ 1 isfieathai,a few thy jflari ei J iri this way frouhj lufs? k-laUrj in';.ce in their foltite management, and be produc tive of much more benefit to them and oar government tbnrt twice the snoant spent for powder andJjaU.Manjf. them express earnestly recommend that means be taken to gratify thelf desires. It affords me pleasnre to be able to report that- th& different agents and employees within this supcrintendency appear to be an imated with a proper zeal for the public ser vice, and do all iu their power to eompliy with the requirements of the government. In conclusion I beg to call yonr attention to the necessity which exists for dividing this snerintendeocy into three snperinlen dencies. While the two Territories formed each a superintendent, district, there was ample business for two superintendents. Thirty thousand ludians, in the condition of the Indians of this superintendency.are more than a single superintendent can properly manage. I would therefore recommend that the district be divided Into three separate ' , superiutendencies, as follows: one superin tendent fur Oregon, west of the Cascade mountains, aud one for Washington Terri tory, west of the Cascade mountains; the couutry east of those mountains, in both Territories, should be erected into a separ ate superintendency. The Indians in the latter district are very different in their character aud habits from those west of the mountains, and require the constant and vigilant attention of a superintendent. Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, ' J. W. NESMITH, Sup't In4. Aft, O. 4 W. T. Hon. J. W. Denver, Com'r cf lad. AJs, W. C, D. C. K&.Thc following is a translation from on old French paper. It is a bill presented, to the curate of the church of Garrville in J 10 by Jacques Darbon, decorative painter: "1. Correcting and revarnisbing the ten commandments. 2. lluilteliishiug Pontias Pilate, and pat ting a ribbou in his hat. y. Putting a new tail to St. Feter'scock, und rejmiring his comb. ' "' ' 4. Fixing the good thief to his cross, and making a new finger for the same. 5. Restoring the Angel Gabriel's eye. C. Washing the servant of Caiapbas, tho high priest, and patting ronge on his cheeks. , 7. Renewing the heavens, adding two stars, gilding the Ban, and washing the moon. ' 8. Brightening the flames of purgatory, aud restoring several sonls. s. ; 9. Henewing tho fires of bell, patting a new tail to Lucifer, repairing his left claw nnd making several suits for the damned. 10. A new border for Herod's robe, pot ting iu two new teeth, aud readjusting bis wig. ' 11. Patching the leathern breeches of Amos, and putting two buttons on bis waist-1 coat. ..' - 12. New gaiters for Tobit, and new belt' for his knapsack. ' ! ; 13. Cleaning the ears of Balaam's ass,'! and new shoeing him. ' : 14. Ilestoricg the car-rings to Sarah's ears. 15. A new pebble in David's sling, enV larging Goliah's head, and setting his foot, further back." ! 1C. New teeth in the jaw-bone of the ass : i.i Samson's band. . . : 17. Pitching the bottom of Noah's arkj 13. Putting a uew shirt on the prodigal -son: Total, 70 Iivres, 60 sols." " Spcrceon's Scm and Scbstakce of thk , Gospel. Spurgeon, the popular pulpit ora- . tor, who, ou the occasion of the recent na tional fast, preached to a Congregation of 24,000 persons in the Crystal Palace,' Lon don, thus defines the Gospels "if auy man here should be in donbt on account of ignorance, let me, as plainly as I can, state the gospel. 'I believe it to be w rapped op in one word Substitution. I have always considered with Lather and. Calvin, that the sum a.d substance of lha Gospel lies in that word substitution ' Christ standing in-the stead tf man. If I' understand the gospel it is this: I deserve to be lost and rained ; the only reason why -1 should not be damned is this; that Chris! was punished in my stead, and there is no . nted to execute sentence tie ice far sin. Christ took the cup in' both bis hands, and At one tremendous draught of lore ' lie drank damnation dry." . ' Another New Territory. It Is proposed to make ah effort for a Territorial organiza tion of the upper peninsula of Michigan, under the name of Superior or Mackinaw. : The country embraces some 16,000 square" nines, aoouuus iu uouc.ai icauuti.es, uu u an estimated population of ten thousand." At present it is a part of the State of Mich igan, from the' main portion of which, how ever, it is separated by the straits of Mack inaw, aud with which it has no common in-' terests. - 33- Fulton applied steam to the grea practical uses of the age ; Morse has brought electricity to be the daily servant of millions Newton unraveled the maze of tha stars, and made their motions the mariner' guide on the trackless ocean. What these men have done for science in their departments the Graefenberg company have done for hu manity in the manufacture of their family mediciues. They have turned the great trathes of sciece to nse in the core of dis ease, and have made the occult discoveries of the Teat chemists available for the wants of every day life. " These have brought within the reach of eTery man the best wis dom and skill of modern times. - 63- Rashness is the fruitful parent or misfortune. - ' E3U Rash judgment maketh haste to re pentaace. ' ' - . 16, Quit not certainty for hope.