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About The Oregon statesman. (Oregon City, O.T. [Or.]) 1851-1866 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1858)
of eoanty pride. He took a drink f water ad commenced again spoke of the tn- war, and yelped at Mr. Bash and tie Ore gon Statesman. Sir. HUGHES mid the war was ended, ad the Indians are on the Reserre. Xir. IL compared the old law and the propoeed law, expressing his preference for the old law. Committee rose, reported progress, tad asked lea re to sit again. Adjourned. r - - Wkdkisdat, a. m., Jan. 13th, 1858. Is the Cocxciu Mr. DRAIN, from corneal ttee on roads, introduced a bill to lo cate a Territorial road from Jefferson Insti tute, in Hartoa Co., to Brownsville, in Linn Connty. ! Xir. UEHKx. from committee on com leer on, recommended the passage of the me morial to Congress for an appropriation for Muuinr a cnstom-boase. earn memorial vrsa recommitted to a special committee of tfcree, consisting of Messrs. Wait, Sheil and Eeott. Dills to incorporate Padding Hirer Trans- partatioo and Navigation Co., to change a portioa of Territorial road from Salem to McDonald's ferry, to legalize the location of a county road in Jjion uo., u. 1., were Mr. SMITH presented a bill to relocate a part of the Territorial road leading from Oregoa Uity to rieasant Hill, in Lane Uo accompanied by a petition referred to com Bfittee on roads. , llr. BERRY was appointed on the joint committee to memorialize Congress on be- kaif of lira. Harris. The Memorial to Congress for the forti8 cation of the month of the Colombia rirer, waa reported and recommitted to tne com mittee on Council memorial No. 1. Adjourned. Is the Hocsr. Mr. REES presented the petition of 100 citizens of Clackamas Co, praying the annexation of a part of said county to Multnomah referred, to com mittee on counties. llr. DRYER presented a petition of one of the citizens of Washington connty, praying that a portion of said connty may be annexed to XTaHnomah. Referred to the representative of said connty. Mr. GATES presented a memorial to Congress for the purpose of making a mili tary road from Portland to the Dalles adopted. ... Mr. COX, from committee ported back the bill to locate Eugene City to Smith's rirer, meats report adopted. on road?, re ft road from with amend- Mr. CRANOR, from committee on incor porations, reported, recommending tne pas sage of the bill amending the charter of the aty of Corrallis. Mr. BROWN, of Jackson, fr6m commit tee on ways and means, reported the pen two of Asahel Bush, for printing for con stitatSonal convention, referring it to the consideration of a future legislature. - On motion of Mr. JOHNSON, the H. J resolution relative to the purchase of Stat- tea, was sent back to the Council . numerous bills were read a second time and referred. The bill to amend an act relating to mar l ir"w and divorce, was taken up. Mr. CRANOR. I do not propose to ar gue the question, but I cannot support the EtlL la New York the same law is in force as exists here, and there it works well. The law as it now stands, leaves it to the discre tion of the court, and there is little doubt bat that the courts do justice. The law should be tried, and if it is found to work a hardship upon any one, then it is time to alter it, but I have heard of no complaints . Mr. MACK. The law at present only proridra for the wife's Cower m two In stances, when for imprisonment, and for adultery by the husband, and in no other in- naaces. xne law is mueeu necessary to protect the wife against the wrongs of the husband ; if the wife shonld procure a di force for any of the other causes of divorce than the two mentioned, she being innocent and the husband guilty, is it not right that she should be endowed of his lands? He shoald pay the penalty of his guilt, and not be pad for treating bis wife era Uy. but if tie wife is guilty, she does not obtain any benefit under the law I hare introduced. It - is confined to the class of cases that arise from the fanlt of the husband; if she is the guilty party, she acquires no rights. - Mr. WOODSIDES. I am opposed to altering statutes without urgent reasons, be cause by the incessant changes which have taken place, we are not certain what our rights are under the lava. Let the law as it exists be fally tested before any altera tions are made, and thea if wrong arises, correct it, but not until it is ascertained It oneht to be left to the discretion of the coort, where it now is, in the other cases In the two instances where the law now gives property to the wife, it is right, bat in the other cases the granting of divorces is left is the discretion of the court, and so cnght the distribution of the property, but ia the two instances where the wife is en dowed, the man has rendered himself an out law, and dead ia law. I shall vote against the amendment. Mr. HUGHES. I was one of the com' rsaittee to whom this bill was referred. I believed this amendment an improvement on the old law. Mr. H. read the old law and the one proposed, and compared the two. Mr. CRANOR. It has been said, the world has been too much governed. There is bo necessity for the passage of this amend ment. According to it, when a man has la bored and accumulated property, he may marry a womaa with whom he could not live, and upon his leaving her on account of her worth league, she woaM become endow oa with bis property. . It holds out an in ducement for an evil woman to make a man's home a bell, and cause a divorce, and obtain kit property. The court will be better ac quainted with the circumstances of each case, aa4 hence the necessity of leaving it ia the discretion of the court. Mr. C. read from Sec 8, of the old law, "in granting a divorce, the court shall also make such dis poaitioa of the property of the parties as shall appear just and equitable." It certain- ' ly is right and equitable the court should govern and direct this matter, which is al- . ready provided for in the existing law, and with these remarks, I shall cease my opposi tion to the -bill. Mr. BROWN, of Jackson. Iam aston ished at the gentleman saying it was in the discretion of the court, when the statute, in See. 10, of the same chapter, in plain Eng lish, aaya "she shall not be entitled to dower ia other case of divorce." It certainly means that except ia the two cases cited she shall not. . Mr. COLLARD read the whole of Sec. 8, of the old law, and said the latter part strengthened him in the belief that this amendment was not necessary. Since the first section' of this bill has been stricken oat, which met with bis approval, he shonld vote against the bilL Mr. KING. This ill is nothing more than aa extension of the dower right to the -other canes of divorce, besides the two cases referred to, when it is granted on account of the guilt of the husband. The one remark of Mr. Brown, of Jackson, has satisfied tne on this matter. When the divorce is grant ed oa account of the misconduct of the bus- fcJ, La baa thea forfeited bis right to the property, and the woman should be endowed with his lands. Mr. MACK. The anrnment of the gen tleman from Linn, presumed that this bill is to protect the wife when she is guilty, which is not the case. It only provides protection when the husband is In the wrong, and the wife innocent. The wife is entitled to equal rights with the husband, and he shonld not be paid to drive her from him. There may be cases when the husband makes the home a bell. This bill protects the woman then. Mr. M. spoke further ia support of the bill, ine out passed. . The bill to, amend the law "to regulate proceedings in actions at law in the sopreme and district courts." was taken no. This bill extends the time of redemption to twelve monies to the iudrment debtor it redeem' ed within the first six months, the purchaser is entitled to 10 per cent, oh the purchase money if in the succeeding six moutns.tne purchaser receives 30 per cent, on the pur chase money. Mr. JEFFERS. I regard SO per cent. too great a tax on the hands of industry. Ten per cent, is all the creditor shonld re ceive from a man who is industriously en gaged in recovering his fortune. It is best to pursue a wise policy, regulate the rela tions between the debtor and the Shylocks the unmerciful creditors. The law has made many fraudulent debtors, who sc themselves by fraudulent conveyances, and creditors are afraid to press their claims fearing their debtors will take advantage of those fraudulent conveyances Mr. J errors moved to refer to a special committee,- with instructions to insert 10 per cent, where 80 per cent, occurs and spoke in favor of the amendment. Mr. BROWN, of Jackson. There are great many unmerciful debtors who borrow money to go into wild speculations, with no intention of paying their liabilities unless successful. Twenty per cent, is the usual In terest here, and it is higher in the south. and this increases the time of redemption fourfold at the usual rate or interest. Mr. COLLARD favored the original bill, bnt was opposed to the reference and amend ment. The bill passed. House bill to change the line between Umpqua and Douglas Co. was taken np. Mr. Whiteaker, as a member of the commit tee to whom was referred the petition for this division, I would say this is a purely Io- col matter, to which both of the representa tives from those counties consented. The bill passed. lue bill concerning swine found running at large in Wasco Co., was taken up. Mr. Gates said the bill was reported in accord anee with the wishes of the people of that county, as expressed by the petition. Mr. G. made other remarks. Bill passed. Bills to change the names of Eveline and Douglas D. Hess, to divorce J as. Hot u well and Elizabeth Botbwell, and to legalize the marriage of James -Botbwell with Itboda Ann Harris, and to divorce Philester Lee from his wife Eliza Ana Lec, were passed. Adjourned. AFTERNOON" SES3IOX. Ix the Cocxcru Oa motion of Mr. CORNELIUS, Council adjourned. I.i the ITocse. Bills to divorce Lavina Chrisraan from her husband, Joel Chrisman, to change a road in Linn Co., to amend the charter of Portland, to grant Elizabeth nines a divorce, for relief of school district No. 32, in Marion Co., to locate a Territo rial road from Eugene City to Smith's river, in Umpqua Co., were passed. Mr. COLE moved to niouaiiKT tne rule 1 on the bill to change the line between Ump qua and Donglas Co. carried, aud bill laid on the table. On motion of Mr. JEFFERS, the joint resolution relative to the post-office at As toria, was taken np, with the amendment; amendment of Mr. Mack adopted, and re solution, as amended, laid on the table after a lonsr debate, in which Messrs. Jeffers, Mack, Brown, of Jackson, Woodsides.King aud Couard participated. Adjourned. Cobvallis, Jan. 11th, 1858. Mb. Bcsh In reply to my last epistle. Avery's Ox declared that he did not desire to mar tbe new year by personal quarrels, and m order to render himself more com pletely an object of disgust and comlempt, the "lousy lummux" has kept himself drank ever si nee. I spurn his invitation to smoke with him the "calumet of peace" that would be get ting down a little too low for a while man The drunken brute is unworthy the notice of men, except to portray his true character for the benefit of those who don't know him. When the Statesman was received, con taining Col. Nesmith's card, denouncing the lummux as a cowardly craven, the poof devil too it in an extra load ot encap whisky to caim nis intestines (ne has no nerve l while he avoided the gauntlet by retorting wim a coiumn oi nig characteristic swagger. auis is tne aeoasea wretcn wno intimates that Col. Nesmith might travel 30 or 40 a . a a. . - a . aiues to ootain Baiisiaciion, wnen it, is so well known that the cowardly Inmmux won't fight under any circumstances. What as surance would tbe Col. have that the pol troon womau't Diae wnen tie heard be was coming? His pusilanimous avoidance of Nesmith s card, and resorting to an auda cious lie in slating that he had not made any such statements, when the lie direct is fastened upon him by his former issue, de notes a depth of depravity seldom equalled. It anrtning were wanting to prove him a cowardly swaggerer, his conduct for the last two weeks would dispel all doubt on that head. He is now universally acknowledged to be a cowardly poltroon, iu addition to bis previous character as an unprincipled Call fornia adventurer and drunken brawler. It is regretted here by all of Nesmith's friends that he should hare descended to no tice tbe slanders of a mere tool, .destitute of moral or physical courage a man without brains, name, or anything else reputable. Bab! such cattle as him never fight. Per haps be will deny that be bad his head combed with a chair the other night by a gentleman whom be bad insalted, while giv ing vest to bis knowuotbiugisni. Tbe lummux visited feugene city a snort time since, and made it a point to get drank all the way through as soon as be arrived. 11 is bestial conduct wime mere was ine cause of bitter mortification to those who accompanied and introduced him. Tbe beast committed an act in his room at tbe hotel, in another person's boots, which sho'd brand him forever as a living nuisance. And worst of all, his only excuse in pallia tion of the offence was the humiliating con fession that he was miserably drank Doubt less the same excuse has saved the iufamous creature from a coat of tar and feathers a hundred times before. What a commeutary on tbe chivalry of Mississippi ! Pro-slavery men are throwing him off in all directions; not a week passes without cambers stopping his paper. - Even Avery is becoming ashamed of him; be thought when he bought him that be would "stand np to the rack, fodder or no fodder." Perhaps I am hardly justified in scathing this nonentity so severely bat I shall keep Stirring him up aa long aa he remains ia the Territory. More anon. VERITAS. P. S. You are requested to give Mr. Hall my name, if he desires it, by personal application at your office, if kt wants ann- tmng. V. OREGON STATESMAN. TUESDAY, JANUARY, 19, 1858. Editorial matter on first page. From no part of the Territory do we hear complaints from democrats respect ing the action of the Central Committee, in fixing the apportionment, with the exception of a very few ia Clackamas County, aud those are laboring nnder the erroneous Ira pression ' that Gen. Lane ran behind the democratic ticket in that county, and that, therefore, tne county ongtit to bare one more delegate they admit the party vote basis to be correct. ' , Admit that Lane did not get the full democratic rote polled in Clackamas still the Committee bad to take the vote of some Territorial candidate for their general rule. And they could not, and the Convention cannot, make exceptions la favor of this of that county. But, we think Gen. Lane did get the democratic vote polled ia Clackamas. Let us see: Gen. Lane received ia that county 809 votes ; Holbrook and Abernethy were the only can didates the opposition ran for delegates to the Constitutional Convention, and they ran particularly against Robblus and Lore- joy. Robbins received 808 votes three less tuan Liana ; liovejoy received 335 36 more than Lane. Holcomb, democratic candidate for Sheriff, also had an opponent, and he (.liolcomb), received 313 rotes four more than Lane. The Sheriff vote was perhaps as good a party test as any. We know that some on the democratic local ticket received more votes than those named above, (we have taken the lowest,) but they had no earnest opposition. Gen. Laue, we belive, did receive the democratic rote polled in Clackamas, and full jus tice has been done her, by the apportion ment of the Central Committee. The most of the democrats in Clackamas are entirely satisfied with that apportionment, and we think all will be, when they fiud that Lane's vote was not aa unfair test in that county. As we before said, tbe democracy of the country are satisfied and pleased with the apportionment. The grumbling comes from the regular and " disaffected " black repub licans and if they did not grumble about this, they would about somtthiug else. Let them grumble on who cares? The expec tation (if thejc is any such,) that the Cen tral Committee will change tbe basis of rep resentation, and tbe hopes of any that the Convention will break in upon the basis adopted by the Committee, will never be realized, " nor begin to be. The disaffecteds " talk ranch about schism in the democratic ranks." There is no schism, except that which divides demo crats from " republicans." When was the schism manifested f Certainly not last June, when the democratic candidate for Delegate received over 2,000 majority. The demo cratic party of Oregon is this day united Mono, urm, and invmcmie. lnere is no " disaffection, or " defection." We are informed by the Snperinten den vt Smllan A ffWirw, that ly tmo tnnit trc received from the Department at Washing ton, $73,418 84, applicable to debts con tracted by Gov. Stevens, on account of the Indian service, in Washington Territory. Also, $170,311 29, applicable to outstand ing liabilities, in Oregon, contracted previ ous to Mar 1st, 185T. These funds were received in a single draft, ou the Assistant Treasurer, at San Francisco. The imprac ticability of getting it cashed here will necessarily compel the Superintendent to go to San Francisco for the corn. He requests us to say that notice will be given upon the receipt of the focds here, so that parties may present their demands for liquidation Esette ftuwm Ckacnl Lane. Gen. Lane writes to us, uuder date of Nov. 28, 1857. as follows: 'The Secretary of War has promised to recommend Congress to provide for paying the awards of our war commission ; this is a great point gained. He says after reading tne report, tnat, tnougn in some instances prices appear high, he is satisfied that the commission have acted concientionsly and justly, acd that their awards most be paid Much of the time of the administration is taken np with the Mormon war. I was pleasd the other night at bearing tbe President say that be was opposed to a little war. He is determined to make short work with Brig- ham and bis deluded followers, and will ask for four or five volunteer regiments to co-op erate with the regular forces in Utah. And he further says that our country shall not be left unprotected, and should the troops now on duty at tbe posts iu Oregon and Wash ing-ton be ordered away, that other troops (Regulars) shall take their places. Salem, O.JT., Jan. 14, 1S58. Mr. Editor In tbe " Statesman" of the 5tb inst., I took occasion to call upon L. P. If all, editor of tbo Occidental Messenger, for proof of the charges which he had seen proper to publish in his paper in relation to myself; as the accused, I supposed that I had a right to demand to be confronted with the proofs where the charge was of so gross a character ; but instead of producing them, be reiterates his falsehoods and calum ny, trying to avoid tbe issue, by the intima tion that I should go to Corrallis for sat isfaction !" While, if be should place his carcass in my way. and should be sober. I might be justifiable in kicking him, I would not be justifiable in extending to tbe drnnken poltroon and cowardly puppy, the consideration due to the gentlemen. J. W. NESMITH. 5J we are indebted to Nichols & Co.. and J. W. Sullivan, for full files of States and California papers. McCormick is also entitled to thanks for favors now and here tofore ; likewise Col. Jennings, and D. B. Uanner. Tbe President's Message is received. It is a plain, valuable State paper, and we ad vise everybody to read it. It is long, and we can give bat part of it this week, and will conclnde it next. We crowd oat leg islative proceedings to make room for it. It is supposed at Washington that the Mormoos will vacate Utah in the Spring and take possession of feonora. , Reuben P. Boise has been appointed Associate Justice for the Sopreme Court of Oregon, in place of Judge Olney, who de clined a re-appointment. It was thouarht that Col. Orr.of ooutn Carolina, would be Speaker of tbe House of Congress. . MESSAGE. i Houtt of Rrpn- . In obedience to theeonunand of the Constitu tion, It hat now becone my duty "to give to Con .gross information of to state of the Union, and recommend to their Moderation anrh measures" as I judge to be necesaxy and expedient." But first, and above Ul, our thanks are dne to Almighty God for tbe mmerous. benefits which he has bestowed upon thk people ; and our united prayers ought to ascent to Uhn that He would continue to bless oar treat republic in time to come as He has blestedit in tine past. Since the adjournment of the Ut Congress, our constit uents have enjoyed anpinuraaT degree of health. The earth has yielded let fruits abundantly, and has bountifully rcwardHl the toil of the husband man. Our great staphs have commanded bigh prices, and, np till, vithin a brief period, our manufacturing, mincr4 and mechanical occupa tions have larvclr naraken of tbe reneral pros perity. We have posmsed all the elements of material wealth in rid abundance, and yet, not withstanding all thessadvantages, our country, in its monetary interOts, is at the present mo ment in a deplorable onditton. In tbe midst of nnstrpassed plenty in all the productions of am-icnlmre and in all the elements of national wealth, wi find our manufactures sus pended, our public vorks retarded, our private enterprises of differint kinds abandoned, and thousands of useful kborcra thrown oat of em ployment and redaee4 to want. The rerenne of the government, which ia chiefly derived from du ties on imports from abroad, has been greatly re duced, whilst the appropriations made by Con gress at its last sessioa lor the current fiscal year are very large in amoint. Under these circumstances a loan mar be re quired before the close of your present session ; but this, although deeply to be re ere t ted, would prove to be only a sight misfortune when com pared with the sutferTng and distress preTailing among the people. With this the Government cannot fail to deeply sympathise, though it may do wunoni xne power to extend rener. It is our dnty to- inquire what has produced such unfortunate resnlu, and whether their recur re nee can be pi vented? In all former remlsions the blame mirht hare been fairly attributed to variety of co-operating causes : but not so upon the present occasion. It is apparent that our ex isting misfortunes have proceeded solely from our extravagant and vicious system of paper curren cy and bank credits, exciting tbe people to wild speculations aud gambling in stocks. These re vulsions most continue to recur at successive in- terrals so long as the amount of the paper cur rency and bank loans and discounts of the coun try shall be left to the discretion of fourteen hun dred irresponsible banking institutions, which from the very law of their nature will consult the interest of their stockholders rather than the pub lic welfare. The frame rs of the Constitution, when thev gave to Congress the power "to coin money and to regulate the value thereof." and prohibited the States from coining money, emitting bills of cred it, or making anything but cold and silrer coin a tender in payment of debts, supposed they had prxneciea roe people against tne evils ot an ex cessive and irredeemable paper currency. Thev are not responsible for the existing anomaly that a government endowed with the sovereign attri bute of coming money and regulating the value thereof shonld have no power to prevent others from driving this coin out of the country and fill ing np the channels of circulation with paper which does not represent gold and silver. It is one of ihe hicbebt and most responsible duties of government to insure to the people a sound circulating medium, the amount of which ought to be adapted with the utmost possible wis dom and skill to the wants of internal trade and foreign exchanges. If this be either treat! v above or greatly below the proper standard, the market- or diminished in the same proportion, and injus tice to individuals as well as incalculable evils to the community are the consequence. Unfortunately, under the construction of the Federal Constitution, which has now -prevailed too long to be change., this important and deli cate duty has been dissevered from the coining power and virtually transferred to more than four teen hundred Statu banks acting independently of each other, and rernlatinr their paper issues almost exclusively by a regard to the present in terest of their stockholders. KxercUinp the sove reign power ot providing a paper currency, in stead uf coin, tor the country, the first duty which these banks owe to tbe public is to keep in their vaults a sufficient amount of gold and silver to insure the convertibility of their notes into coin at all times and under all circumstances. Jio bank ought ever to be chartered without such re strictions on its business as to so seenre this re sult. AH other restrictions are comparatively rain. -1 tits is the tmly tm: tunenstone me only efficient regviator of a paper currency the only one which can guard the public against over-is sues and bank suspensions. As a collateral and eventual security, it is doubtless wise, and in all cases ought to be required, that banks shall hold an amount of United States or State securities equal to their notes in circulation and pledged for their redemption. This, however, furnishes no adequate security against over-issues. On the con.rary.it may be perverted to inflate the cur rency. Indeed, it is possible by this means to convert all the debts of the United States and State gov ernments into Dana notes, without .reference to the specie required to redeem them. However valuable these securities may be in themselves. they cannot be converted into gold and silver at the moment of pressure, as our experience teach es, in sufficient time to prevent bank suspensions and the depreciation of bank notes. ' In England, which is to a considerable extent a paper-money country, though vastly behind onr own in this respect, it was deemed advisable an terior to the act of Parliament of 1&44. which wisely separated the issue of notes from the bank ing department, for the Bank of ogland always to keep on hand gold and silver eaual to one-third of its combined circulation and deposits. If this proportion was no mora than sufficient to secure the convertibility of its notes, with the whole of Ureal lintain, and to some extent the continent of Europe, as a field for its circulation, rendering it almost lmpossioie tnat a sudden ana immediate run to a dangerous amount should be made upon it. the same proportion would certainly bo insuffi- l. ...... . x fourteen hundred banks has but a limited circum ference for iu circulation, and in the course of a very few days tbe depositors and note-holders might demand from such a bank a sufficient amount in specie to compel it to suspend, even al- tnooga it naa coin in it vaults equal to one-third of its immediate liabilities. Aud yet I am not aware, with the exception of the banks of Louis iana, tnat any state Dana throughout the Union has been required by its charter to keep this or any otner proportion ot gold and silver compared with the amount of its combined circulation and deposits. What has been tbo consequence! In a recent report made by the Treasury Department on the condition ot luo banks throughout the dif ferent States, according to returns dated nearest to January, leS57, the aggregate amount of .actual specie in their vaults is a5et.349,83S. of their cir culation Sl4,778,and ot their deposits f230,- Thus it appears that these bauks in the aggre gate have considerably less than one dollar in sev en of gold and silver compared with their circula tion and deposits, ll was palpable, tnerelore, that the very first pressure must drive them to suspension, and deprive the people of a converti ble currency witn ail its disastrous consequences, It is truly wonderful that thev should have so long continued to preserve their credit, when a demand for the payment of one-seventh of their immedi ate liabilities would have driven them into insol vency. And this is the condition of the banks, notwithstanding that four hundred millions of irold from California have flowed in upon us with in the last eight years, and the tide still continues to flow. Indeed, such haa been the extravagance of bank credits that the banks now hold a consid erable less amount of specie, either in proportion to their capital or to their circulation and deposits combined, than they did before the discovery of gold in California. - whilst in the year lovi their nooj in urnnnrlion to their capital was more than equal to one dollar for four and a half, in 1857 it does not amount to one doHar for every six dollars and thirty-three cents of their capital, in the year 1844 the specie was equal, within a very mall traction, to one uoiiar in uro ui luuir circu lation and donoaits: in 1857 it is not eaual to one dollar in seven and a half of their circulation and deposit. From this statement it ia easy to account for our financial history for the' last forty years. It has been a history of extravagant expansions in the business of the country, toiiowea Dy ruinous contractions. At successive intervals the best and most enterprising men have been tempted to their ruin by excessive bank loans of mere paper credit, exciting them to extravagant importations of foreign goods, wild speculations, and ruinous and demoralising stock gambling. When the cri sis arrives, as arrive it must, the banks can ex tend no relief to the people. In a vain struggle to redeem their liabilities in Specie they are com pelled to contract their loana and their issues ; and at last, in the hour of distress, when their as sistance is most needed, they and their debtors to gether sink into insolvency. It is this paper system of extravagant expan sion, raising the nominal price of every article far beyond its real value, when compared with the THE PllEBICSNT'S FaMow Citizens of tit 9tuate mn tmtMtiutt ! cost of similar articles In countries whose circula tion is wisely regulated, which has prevented us from competing in our own markets with foreign manufacturers, has produced extravagant impor tations, and has counteracted the effect of the large incidental protection afforded to onr domestic man ufactures by the present revenue tariff. But for this the branches of onr manufactures composed of the raw materials, the production of our own country such as cotton, iron ana wool len fabrics would not only have acquired almost exclusive possession of the home market, but would have created for themselves a foreign mar ket tbrougnont the world. Deplorable, however, as mar be our present fi nancial condition, we may yet indulge in bright hopes for the future. Mo other nation has ever existed which could have endured such violent ex pansions and contractions of paper credits with out lasting injury; yet th buoyancy of youth. the energies of our population, and the spirit which never quails before difficulties, will enable us soon to recover from oar present financial em barrassment, and may occasion as speedily to for get the lesson which they have taught. In the meantime, it is the duty of the govern ment, oy an proper means witnin its power, to aid in alleviating the snflerings of the people, occa sioned by the suspension of banks, and to provide against a recurrence ot tne same calamity, un fortunately, in either aspect of the case, it can do but little. Thanks to the independent treasury, the governmont has not suspended payment, as it was compelled to do by the failure of the banks in 1837. It will continue to discharge its liabilities to the people in gold and silver. Its disbursements in coin will pass into circulation, and materially assist in restoring a sound currency. From its high credit, should we be compelled to make temporary loan, it can be effected on advantageous terms. This, however, shall, if possible, be avoid ed; but, it not, then the amount shall be limited to the lowest practical sum. I have, therefore, determined that whilst no useful government works already in progress shall be suspended, new works, not already commenced will be postponed, if this can be done without in jury to the country. Those necessary for its de fence shall proceed as though there had been no crisis in oar monetary anairs. Bat the Federal Government cannot do much to provide against a recurrence of existing evils. Even if insurmountable Constitutional objections did not exist against the creation of a National Bank, this would furnish no adequate preventive security. The history of the last Bank of the United States abundantly proves the troth of this assertion. Such a bank could not, if it would, regulate tbe issues and credits of fourteen hun dred State banks in such a? manner as to prevent the ruinous expansions and contractions in our currency which afflicted the country throughout the existence of the late bank, or secure as against future suspensions. In 1825, an ef fort was made by the Bank of England to cur tail the u sues of .the country banks under the most favorable circumstances. The paper cur rency had-been expanded to a ruinous extent, and tne .Bank put forth all its power to contract it in order to reduce prices and restore the equilibrium of the foreign exchanges. It accordingly com menced a system of curtailment of its loans and issues, in the vain hope that the joint-stock and private banks of the kingdom would be compell ed to follow its example. It fonnj, however, that as it contracted they expanded, and at the end ot tne process, to employ tbe language of a very high official authority, " whatever redaction ot the paper circulation was effected by the bank of Eng- isuu iu ica; was more wan made np oy ine is sues of the country banks." - Bat a Bank of the United States would not, if it could, restrain the issues and loans of the State banks, because its duty as a regulator of the cur rency mast often be in direct conflict with the immediate interest of its stockholders. If we ex pect one agent to restrain or control another, their interests most at least in some degree, be antago nistic. But the directors of a Batik of the Uni ted States would feel the same interest and the same inclination with the directors of the State banks to expand the currency, to accommodate their favorites and friends .villi loans, and to de clare large dividends. Such has been oar expe rience in regard to the last bank. After all, we most mainly rely upon the patri otism and wisdom of the States for the prevention and redrets ot tne evil, it they will afford as a real specie basis for our paper circulation bv in creasing the denomination of bank notes, first to twenty, -an a aiterwaras to ntty dollars ; it tney will require that the banks shall at all times keep on band at least oue dollar of gold and silver for every three dollars of their circulation and depos- ites ; and if they will provide by a self-execnung enactment which nothing can arrest, that tbe moment they suspend they shall go into liquida tion, I believe that such provisions, with a week ly publication by eacn bank ot a statement of its l-niutitinn. V l.l f far IV ,li ui c iMt Ma ture suspensions of specie payments. Congress, ia my opinion, possesses the power to pass a uniform oauarupt law applicable to all banking institutions throughout the United States, and I strongly recommend its exercise. This would make it the irreversible organic law of each bank's existence, that a suspension of specie payments shall produce its civil death. The in stinct of self-preservation would then compel it to perform its duties in such a manner as to es cape the penalty and preserve its life. 'r-1 .... c t i i . i i . : . c 1CUCC VI UUIK8 1DU LUC ClfCUlUlOD Ul bank paper are so identified with the habits of oar people that, they cannot, at this day, be suddenly abolished without much immediate injury to the country. If we could confine them to their ap propriate sphere, and prevent them from adminis tering to the spirit of wild and 'reckless specula tion oy extravagant loans and issues, tney might be continued with advantage to the public. Bat this I sav, after long and much reflection ; if exDerience shall Drove it to he imnossible to en joy the facilities which well-regulated banks might anoru, witnoui at tne same time suffering tbe ca lamities which the excesses of the banks have hitherto inflicted noon the country, it would then be far the leaser evil to deprive them altogether ot tne power to issue a paper currency and con fine them to the functions of banks of deposite ana discount. Oar relations with foreign governments are. upon tbe whole, in a satisfactory condition. The diplomatic difficulties which existed be tween the government of the United States and that of Great Britain at the adjournment of last Congress, have been happily terminated by the appointment of a British minister to this country, who has bfien cordially received. Whilst it is greatly to the interest, as I am con vinced it is the sincere desire, of the government, and people of the two countries to be on term of intimate tnendsnip witn eacn otner, it nas Deen onr misfortune almost always to have had some irritating, if not dangerous, outstanding question with Great Britain. Since the origin of the government we have been employed in negotiating treaties with that power, and afterwards in discussing their true intent and meaning. In this respect, the con vention of April llhh, 1850, commonly called the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, has been the most unfortunate of all ; because the two governments place directly opposite and contradictory con structions npon its first and most important arti cle. Whilst in the United States, we believed that this treaty would place both powers upon an exact equality by the stipulation that neither will ever " occupy, or fortify, or colonise, or assume or exercise any dominion" over any part of Central America, it is contended by the British govern ment that the true construction of this language has left them in the rightful possession of all that portion of Central America which was in their occupancy at the date of the treaty; in fact, that the treaty is a. virtual recognition on the part of tne united Ota lea ot tne ngbt of Ureal Untain, cither as owner or protector, to the whole exten sive coast of Central America, sweeping round from the Kio Hondo to the port and harbor of San Joan do Nicaragua, together with the adjacent Bay Islands, except the comparatively small por tion of this between the Bars toon and Cape Hon- ouras. According to-tneir construction, the treaty does no more than simply prohibit them from extending their possessions in Central Amer ica beyond the present limits. It ia not too much to assert, that if in the United States tbe trea ty had been considered susceptible of such a con struction, it never would have been negotiated unuer tne aumority ot tbe rretudent, nor would it have received the approbation of the Senate. im uiuicimu cuuvicuwn -in ine united biates was, that when our government consented to vi olate its traditional and time-honored policy, and to stipulate with a foreign government never to occupy or acquire territory in the Central Ameri can portion oi oar continent, tne consideration for this sacrifice was that Great Britain shoald. in this respect, at least, be placed in the same po sition with ourselves. Whilst we have no right to aouoi we sincerity ot tbe British Uovernment in their construction of the treaty ; it is at the same time my deliberate conviction' that this con struction is in opposition both to its letter and its spirit. Under the late administration negotiations were instituted between tho two governments for the purpose, if possible, of removing these diffi culties; and a treaty having this laudable object in view was signed at London on the 17th of Oc tober, 1856, and was submitted by the President to the Senate on the following 10th of December. Whether this treaty, either iu its original or amended form, would have accomplished the ob ject intended without giving birth to new and emDarassing compucauona oeiweou uro two gov ernments, may perhaps be well questioned. Cer tain it is, however, it was rendered much less ob jectionable by the different amendments made to it by tbe senate, ine treaty, as amended, was ratified by me on the 12th March 1857, and was transmitted to London for ratification by the Brit isb Government. That government expressed its willingness to concur in all the amendments made by the Senate with the single exception of the clause relating to Buatan and other islands in the Bay of Honduras. The article en the original treaty, as submitted to the Senate, after reciting j that these islands and their inhabitants " having hn hn mnvention bearing date the 27th day of August, 1856, between her Britannic Majesty and the Republic of Honduras, constituted and de clared a free territory nnder the sovereignty of the said Republic of Honduras," stipulated that " the two contracting parties do hereby mutually en gage to recognize and respect in all future time tha independence and rights of the said free terri tory as a part of the Republic of Honduras.". Upon an examination of this convention be tween Great Britain and Honduras, of the X7th August, 1806, it was found that, whilst declaring the Bay Islands to be "a free territory under tne sovereignty of the Republic of Honduras,' it de prived that Republic of rights without which its sovereignty over them could scarcely be said to exist. JU divided them from the remainder of Hon duras, and gave to their inhabitants a separate government of their own, with legislative, execu tive and judicial officers, elected by themselves. It deprived the government of Honduras of the taxing power in every form, and exempted tbe people of the Islands from the performance of mil itary duty except for their own exclusive defence. It also prohibited that Republic from erecting for- tincations upon tnem tor tneir protection inns leaving them open to invasion from any quarter; and, finally, it provided " that slavery shall not. at any time hereafter be permitted to exist there in. Had Honduras ratified this Convention, she would nave ratified the estaoliahment of a State aaoatantiaHy independent within her own limits, aad a State at aU -times subject to British influence and control. More over, had the United States ratified the treaty with ureat uriiain in its original lonu, we snouia nave uen bound to recognize and respect in all furore tune these stipulations to the prejudice of Honduras. Being In direct opposition to tbe f pint and meaning- or tne t lajton and Bulwer treaty as understood in tne vnnea Diaies, tae senate rejected tne entire clause, and sub stituted in its stead a simple recognition of the sove reign neni or Honduras to tbese islands, in the fellow inv language : " The two contracting parties do hereby mutually engage to recognize and respect the islands of Hoaian, oouca, luis. Baroaretu, Helena, aad Mont, situate in the Bay of Honduras, and off tbe coast of the republic of Honduras, as under tbe sovereignty and as part of the said republic of Honduras."' Great Britain rejected hU amendment, assigning as the only reason tbe ratifications of the convention of tlie Zith August. 1856, between her and Honduras, bad not been " exchanged, owing to the hesitation of that government." Had this been done, it is stated that "her Majesty's government would have had little diffi culty in agreeing to the modification proposed by the Senate, which then would have had in effect tbe same signification as the original wording." Whether this would have been the e fleet; whether the mere circum stance ot the exchange of the ratification of the British convention with Honduras prior in point of time to the ratification of oar treaty with Great Britain would, "in effect." have bad ' the same signification as the original wording. ' and thus have nullified the amendment of the Senate, may well be doubted. It is, perhaps, fortunate tnat tne question nas never arisen. The British Government, immediately after rejecting the treaty as amended, proposed to enter int-i a new treaty with the United States, similar in all respects to the treaty whicht tbey had jut ref csed to ratify, if the United States would consent to add to tbe Senate's clear and onqua'ined recognition of the sovereignty of Hoc- auras over tae nay islands tne following conditional stipulation : "Whenever and so soon as the republic ol Honduras shall have concluded and ratified a treaty with Ureat Britain, by which Ureat Britain shall have ceded, and the republic of Honduras shall have accepted the said Islands, subject to the provisions and condi tions contained in such treaty."1 This prKsition was of coarse rejected. After the Senate had refused to recognize tbe British Convection with Honduras of tbe STth. Angnst. 1856. with full knowledge of its contents, it was impossible for me necessarily ignorant of "tbe provisions and conditions' which might be contained in a farther convention be tween the same parties, to sanction them in advance. The fact is, that when two nations like Ureat Britain and the united States, mutually desirous, as they are and I trust ever may be, of nuintaininir the most friend ly rel&tions with each other, have onfortanately con cluded a treaty which they nuderstand in sense directly opposite, tne wisest course is to anrocate seen a treat; by mutual consent, and to commence anew. Had this been dune promptly, all di faculties in t'-entral America would most probably ere this have been adjas-ted to tbe satisfaction of both parties. The time spent ia dia eusain; the meaning of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, win. 11 hare been devoted to this praiseworthy purpose ana tae isse wouia nave teen tee more easily accom plished because tbe interest o? the two countries in Central America is luentical. being confined to eccr ius safe transit oyer all the routes across the Isthmus. Wnust entertaining tbese sentiments, I shall never theless not refuse to contribute to any reasonable ad justment of the Central American questions which is pretation of the treaty. Overtures for this purpose bate been recently made lij uie Kntisn gi-vemment in a friendly spirit, which I cordially reciprocate ; but whether this renewed effort win result in soccess I am not yet prepared to express an opinion. A brief .period will determine. With France onr ancient relations of friendship stil! continue to exist. The r return government have in sev eral recent instances which need not be enumerated. evinced a spirit of good will and kindness towards our country which I heartily reciprocate. It is. notwith standing, much to be regretted that two nations wbnee productions are of sncb a character as to invite the most extensive exchanges and freest commercial inter course, should continue to enforce ancient and obseaete restrictions of trade against each otner. Our commer cial treaty with France is in this respect an exception trora our treaties with all other commercial nations, it jealously levies discriminating duties both on tonnaire and on articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of tne one country, wnen arriving in vessels belonging to tne otner. More than forty years ago. on the 3d March. 1815 Coturreas passed an act offering to all nations to admit their vessels laden with their Eational productions into tbe ports of the United Stales upon the same terms with our own vessels, provided they wonld reciprocate to us similar advantages. The act confined the reci procity to tbe productions of the respective foreign na tions who might enter into the proposed arrangement with the United States. The act of May 24, 18'iS. re moved this restrictions, and offered a similar reciprocity to all such vessels without reference to tbe origin of theircargoes. L pon these principles, our commercial treaties and arrangements nave been rounded, except with France : and let as hope that this exception may not long exist. Our relations with Knssta remain, a they have ever been, on the most friendly footing. The present Km perui, as well as bis predecessor, have nevawyailed. when the occasion offered, to manifest their gtWd will to oar country : and their friendship has always been huThly appreciated oy the government and people of the United Mates. With all other European governments, except that of Spain, our relations are as peaceful as we could desire. I regret to say that no progress whatever has been made since theadjuornment of Congress, towards the settle ment of any of the numerous claims of our citizens against the Spanish government. Besides, the outrace committed on our flag by the Spanish war-frigate Fer- rolana on tne mgn seas, on the coast or Cuba, in March, ISoo, by bring Into the American mail steamer El Do rado, and detaining and searching her. remains unac knowledged and unredressed. The general tone and temper of the Spanish Government towards that of tbe U nited Mates are much to be regretted. Onr "resent Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleniooteuurlrv to auno nas asKea to oe recaiiea : ana it is my pnrpose to send out a new Minister to Spain, with special in structions on all questions pending between the two governments, and with a determination to have them speedily and amicably adjusted, if this be possible. I tne meantime. Whenever onr Minister urges tbe jnst claims oi our citizens on tne notice of the Spanish Uovernment, he is met with the objection that Congress nave never made tne appropriation recommended Dy President Polk in lis Annual Message of December, 1847. " to be paid to the Spanish Uovernment for tbe pnrpose of distribution among the claimants ia the Amistad case." A similar recommendation was made by my immediate predecessor in his message of Decem ber, 1853 ; and entirely concurring with "both in the opinion that this indemnity is justly due nnder the treaty with Spain of the 27th October, 179S, I earnestly recommend such an appropriation to the favorable con sideration of Congress. A treaty of friendship and commerce was concluded at Constantinople on the 13th December, 1IS59, between the United States and Persia, the ratifications of which were exchanged at Constantinople on tbe 13th June, 1837. and the treaty was proclaimed by tbe President on the ltth August. 1857. This treaty jt is believed. ill move heneriicial to American commerce. The Shah has manifested aa earnest disposition to cultivate frieaday relation -with onr country, and has expressed a strong wish that we should be represented at Tberaa by a Miuister Plenipotentiary: ana l recommena uuu an appropriation be made for this purpose. Recent occurrences in China have been unfavorable to a revision of tbe treaty with that empire of the 3d July, 1854. with a view to the security and extension of . i .L!. ....... rfinnk. our commerce, ineztui arucww iw j ted for a revision of it in case experience should prove this to be requisite "in which case the two governments will, at the expiration of twelve years from the date of said convention, treat amicably concerning the tame. by means or suitable persona appointed to sich nego tiations." These twelve years expired on ae 3d July, uaiiona." intwHrareramciiiMcu u cne mjoij, i85 : but long before that period it was ascertained that important changes ia the treaty were necessary ; I and several fruitless attempts were made by the coo-1 missioner of the fjnlted gtates to effect the changes. Anotbsr effort was a.bout to be made for tbe purpose by our commissioner, in conjunction with the Ministers of England and France, bat tnis was suspenoea oy ine oc currence of hostilities in tne canton luver oeiween Great Britain and the Chinese Empire. These hostili- I tia have necessarily Interrupted the trade of all na tions with Ganton. which is now in a state of blockade. and have occasioned a serious lossof life and property. Meanwhile the .insurrection witbia tbe empire against tbe existing imperial dynasty still continues, and it is u nil cull to anticipate watt wut uc tne result. Under these eirenmstances. I have deemed it advim. hie to appoint a distinguished citizen of Penavlvuu envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to proceea to umna, ana to avail nimseir of any opportu nities which may offer to effect chaoses in the treaty favorable to -American commerce. Ha left th United biates for the place of his destination in July last in the war steamer Minesots. Special ministers to China have also been appointed by the government of Great Britma and France. Whilst our minister has been instructed to occupy s neutral position in reference to tbe existing hostilities at Canton, be will cordially co-operate with the Brit ish and French ministers in all peaceful measures to secure by treaty stipulations, those just concessions to commerce with the nations of the world have a right to expect, and which China cannot long be per mitted to withhold. From assurances received, 1 en tertain no doubt that tbe three ministers will act in harmonious concert to obtain similar commercial treaties for each of tbe powers tbey represent. We cannot fail to feel a deep interest in aU that ' concerns the welfare of tha independent republic oa. our own continent, as well as of tbe empire of BrazU. Our difficulties with New Granada, which a short time siiice bore so threatniag an aspect, are, it is to be hoped, in a fair train or settlement in a manner jnst and honorable to both parties. The Isthmus of Central America, including that of Panama, is the great highway between the Atlantic and Pacific, over which a large portion of the com merce of the world is destined to pass. 1 he United States are more deeply interested than any other na tion in preserving th freedom and security of all the communications across the isthmus, it g our doty, therefore, to take care that tbey shall not be interrupt ed either by invasions from our own country or by trars between the independent States of Central A mrf Ica. Under oar treaty with New Granada of tbe 12th December, 1846, we are bound to guaranty then o trality of the Isthmus of Panama, through which tbe Panama railroad paases, "as well as the rights of sov ereignty and property which New Granada haa and possesses over the said Territory.1' This obligation at toundediipon equivalents granted by tbe treaty to tha Government and people of the United States. Under tbese circumstances, I recommend to Con gress the passage of an act authorizing the President, incase of necessity, to employ the land and navar forces of the United States to carry into effect thiar guarantee of neutrality and protection. I also reeom-' mend similar legislation for tbe security of any other' route across the Isthmus in which we may acquire aa interest by treaty. - - With the independent republics on this continent it is both our dnty and our interest to cultivate the most friendly relations. We can never feel indifferent to their fate, and must always rejoice in their prosperity. Unfortunately, both for them and for as, our example and advice have lost much cf their influence ia conse quence of the lawless expeditions wfaiich have been fitted out against some of them within tbe limits of our country. Nothing is better eateclated to retard ear stiadv material progress, or impair our character aa a nation, than the te."fation of such enterprises in vio lation of the law of milieus. It is one of the first and highest duties or any inde pendent State, in its relations with tbe members of the great family of nations, to restrain its people from acta of hostile ageression against their citizens or subjects Tbe most eminent writers on public law do not netat to denounce such hostile acts as robbery and murder Weak and feeble States, tike those of Central Amer ica, may not feel themselves able to assert and vindi cate their rights. The case world be far different rf expeditions were set on foot within our owa territories to make private war against a powerful nation. If such expeditions were fitted out fsera abroad: against any portion of onr own country, to barn down our citres, murder and plunder our people, as J owrp -our O vernment, we should call any power on earth to the strictest account for not preventing such enormities' Ever since the administration of General Washing' ton, acts of Congress have been in force to punish se verely tbe crime of setting on foot a military expedi tion within tbe limits of the United States, to proceed from thence sgamst a nation or State with whom ve in at peace. The present neutrality act of April 20th,. ISIS, is but little more than a collection of pre-existing laws. Under this act the President is empowered to employ the land and naval forces and. the militia "for tfce purpose of preventing the carrying on of any each expedition r enterprise from the territories and Juris diction ot the United States, 71 and the collectors of customs are authorized and required to detain any vessel in port when there is any reason, to believe she is about to take part in such lawless enterprises. When it was first rendered probable that an attempt would be made to get up another unlawful expedition anrinst Nicaranirua. tbe Secretary of State issued in structions to the marshals and district attorneys, which were directed by the Secretary of War and the Navy to the appropriate army ana navy officers, reosirms; them to be vigilant, ana to use tneu- pest exernons in carrying into effect the provisions of the Act of 1813 NctwithstaBding tbese precautions, tbe expeditioB ha escaped from our shores. Such enterprises can do no possible good to use country, cut ca ajreaay mnicieoi much injury both on its interests and its character They have prevented peaceful emigration from tha Coited States to- tbe States of Central America, which could not fail to prove highly beneficial to all tbe par ties concerned. In a pecuniary point alone, our citi- aens nave sustained heavy losses trum tne seizure and closing of the transit route by the San Joan, between the two oceans. The leader of the recent expedition waa arrested at . JCew Orleans, but was discharged on giving bail fcr his appearance in tbe insufiicient sum of two thousand dol lars. - I commend the whole subject to the serious attenticaar of Congress, believing that our duty and our interest, as wel 1 as our national character, require that we shonld adopt such measures as will be effectaai in restraining oar citizens from committing such ounare. I regret to inform yon that the President of 1 ar- agoav nas refused to raniy we rreary Between us U nited States and that State as amended bv tho Senate, the signature of which was mentioned in tbe message of my predecessor, to Congress at the- opening of its session in December, 1853. The reasons assigned tor tuts refusal will appear- m the correspondence herewith submitted. It being desirable to ascertain tne ntness of tho river La Plata and its tributaries for navigation by steam, the United States steamer Water Witch was sent thither for that pnrpose in 1353. This enterprise was sucessfully carried on until Febru ary ld55, when, whilst in the peaceful prosecution of her voyage np the Parana river, the steamer was fired upon by a t'aragtiayan fort. The fire was returned; but as tho Water Witch waa of small force, and not designed for offensive opera tions, she retired from the conflict. Th pretext npon which the attack was made, was a decree cf the President of Paraguay of October 1853, pro hibiting foreign vessels-of-war from navigating tbe rivers of that State. ; As Paraguay, however, was the owner of bat one bank of the river of that name tie other belonging to Corrientes, a State of the Argentine Confederation, the right of its government to expect that such a decree wonld be obeyed cannot be acknowledged. Bat the Wa ter Witch was not, properly speaking, a vessel-of-war. She was a small steamer engaged in a sci entific enterprise intended for the advantage of commercial Mates generally. Under these eir enrastances, J am constrained to consider the at tack npon her as nniastihable, and as calling for satisfaction from the Paraguayan government. Citizens of the u nited Mates, also, who were established in business in Paraguay, have had their property seized and taken from them, and have otherwise been treated by the authorities in on insulting and arbitrary manner, which requires, redress. A demand for these purposes will be made in a firm but conciliatory spirit. This will the mora probably be granted if. the -tiecutive shall hare authority to use other means in the event of a re fusal. This is accordingly recommended. IComdmdtd xx ce.J . The Washisgtox axd Oregon Ikdiaxs. .We make the following extracts from the report of the Secretary or the Interior : The Indians ot ine xerritonesor Wash ington and Oregon are still restive and bel ligerent. Ibis disposition on tneir part evi dently springs from disbelief in the strength and ability of this government to punish, them for trespasses committed upon onr set tlements It is the dnty of the government. to disabuse their minds. This can best be- done by peaceful means. Let an appropria tion be made to defray the expenses of a del-" egation from each of the large tribes ia those distant Territories, to Washington and oth er eastern cities. Let them know by per sonal observation, onr numbers, see onr im provements, and estimate onr strength. Tbey would readily conclude that farther hostility wonld be absurd; and when they carried the story of onr greatness and pow er to their people, a change wonld come over their minds, and we might then reasonably hope for the establishment, by treaties, of good understanding &nd perpetual peace be; . tween ns. bucb an appropriation would, be- in my judgment, an act cf true ecO0iCl,.: Bbxak cp or Waixeb's Exr-swrios. We take the following from the Panama Star:7 Tlie U. S. steamer frigate Wabash arrived Dec 15th from San Juan.' On the 8th inst the Wabash landed 250 men on tbe Point Arenas.and captured Walker and his party. He surrendered to Commodore Panldinsr. . j , w. - uPn "S summoned, without mating any resistance. Forty-five of his men- ate Still tuA o jn.n rrn,. o0- v. P lne ?an u.aAr,Ter- i he Saratoga, har- ing on board 139 officers and men. ef Walk er's army, sailed for Norfolk on the 20th. At 9 o'clock this morning. Gen. Walker landed at Aspin wall. Second Dispatch. The fifty men landed at Colorado, went up to Castillo, cut ont a steamer and boats ; the alarm, waa given by the sentinel's firing. Walker' mea made a rush for the Fort, aad found that the entire, garrison had deserted it. ThJ came down with the river steamer Morgan aad 40 pris oners, aad arrived jus a tbe mea w-:r land' ing from the Wabash.
