VfHE; OREGON' AKGUS,
i' "J -tvimnto evaar iatuioat moinmo, ' '
' 1 BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS.
rut. i
ITKR3-TU Asaue ir7 It farnhUi at
n-.-Tr 0-Urti Fifty Ctnti itr annum, in
M4onet, t tintU nlntriltnTkfi Dalluri
' , ic I Wilis a( am Jiciiit advnncl
"Who Iht moat ii not paid in iiloanri, four
' Pillar 'tf it thtrfti if paid uiliiin lit
and Fin dallnraattht tmltfthi jmr.
fW. J DiMwt fur lit month Nt nitcrip
. . , (ittt rittittd Jar Uti ptriod.
tJf.Sa piper ditcanlinard until all arrtnragii
ri(J,u '! at thi option of iht puhlUhn. I
i : Tb f Walts.
kv"nTshouUUlthou fesr llieleeuliful ame Death,
Ik Who wnlle the at Ih ported of the klct,
-Baaly la kWs away thy etrupglioj breath,' ,
Krrftaady wiih genii bawl tooln thlu eyett '
- Bow man J a tranquil u1 hat piw.il away, 1 ' 1 ' ''
1" Hail gludly fro: ficrot pain nnd pluaauroa dim,
Telhteiernul tplenlnf of Ui d .y j
( ad ruauy a Irpub'cJ beartaiiilcalla fur him.
OJprli loo laud for the battlahera : .. .. . n
.,, i llara turn J frum Ufe, Ha bo,e, It (bora, ita
, eharnw; . , . . . , i
And children shuddering at a world o drear1, ,
" Han smiling pawed away iutu hi arm, ''''
lie whom Ih u ferirest will, to e.ite thy pa n,
Lay h;t cold hand opon Ihy ach rij he-irt
-Will tomht Ihe terror or tho troubled Imrlt,
J ii Aad bul Ilia hadp of earth' gicf depirt. I '
1I will give back what neither l?in, nor might; '
Nor paadonal prayer, nor longing ho; realore,
(Pr at to hiug blind eye recover aitfhlil , I.
, : 11a will give back thou wlu are guue before.' ,
hO, what won life, If life were all ! Thin trot -
... Ara blin.led by thair !, ur lli m w.HUdal too
!Thy treasure wuitthe in Ilia tut A' skit, . '
' And palh, thy frirn I. will jr'ivu the n all.lo lliee.
rw . .. . ftam'L'stnd and Lvrki. ,
,j..l .!' -
' A HuNDtto Tuu Aoo'.-Tlij) TiiLburg Tool,
'illuiting to tho but liiin lie.lih unn'.vcrtaiy of old
Tor I)yen, Nor. 23, 1858, e.iyi :
Ou hundreil yean aa there wi not a angle
white no iu Ohio, Kunlucky, Indi.inn, aud Illi-.UfoXe'n10""-.
whit ia nov tho niotl fluilr-
Uhing part of America wae at little known aa the
aaonatry a'roun l tlie Mountain! uf the Moon. It
Vita not until 1769 that the Hunter of Kentucky,'
'the' gallant anj adveiituruut Beoue, lift hit huuie
U North Carolina to btuo:uu the firtt tettier or
.Kentucky. Thefirat pioneerain Ohiudi.l not ar t
Me hntll twenty veart after th'a lime.' A hua .lml
jreara ago Cuiiiuk bekniged to France, and Ihe
whole population of the United Stake tlid mit ti
.need m'llinu and a half of people. - A hundred
'yeara ago the gnat Fre.lerio uf i'moia wui per
fonn'ng tlio.c great n)'o'u wh'.cli liuio nude li'iu
itnmorlolu military annale, unci with bit little
monarchy waa auatuining a tingle-handed contnt
Vith Itim!n, Auair'a, nml Frmue the three grt ut
,Powert of Europe comb'ued. A bun Ire J yeura
igo(ipvleon woa uot born, an I Washington waa
yoaogand mo.leat Virgin's eolonel, and the great
'cvehta in the I Utery of iwu worlila, in wliitli these
great but d'taniilar nicu look leading parit, wore
Ahan, aearoely forealiadiiwed. A hundred yean
kg the Union waa the most loyal part of the Brit
bb Empire, and on the floptical horizon no tpeck
lujicated ,lhe atruggle which, wilhiu a ceura of
yeart tliercafur, ttltblitJieii the gMitett ropubl c
of the wotll.' A hundred ye.ira ugo there were
Vul four hewspnperi in America, tteiiqi euginei
(id out been im g ud, and . r.uI.eaJt aud tl
gniplw had uot entered into the re r.o:et concep
Itonatif man.- Whenw"l!btne" to liA Kick "hi it
through the Vlttn v( lihrtory r find ilmt to the
otutury which baa paued hu bean allotted more
eaiportautevoiile in their hearn; upon the hnppi
Beai of the world tlian utmost any oilier whieh bin
elapted tinea the crealiou. . i ...
A hundred years hence what will be the (level
opmenta It it past findin; out e.rpt in one
!hing-sthojghf which astonuilied Xerxet whi n
to aloud jlpou Munut Alhae all, with but few oa
ceptioni) uow living will be dead."
ftlCTtOROkoa'icAI. (NftBlViM ON TUB ATLANTIC
Cable. The cable wim routed up to the trMiu
tniattun"of worda on the SUlli of October, from
aanie eaute, of eunv... On that day, Dr. L. L.
Chapman givea the iu licalioiu for tlie elmiigtrt
e-leuiiluil pennrbatloni In the mninh la h t Month
ly Rainbow, viii ftho; interception1. of an uiiuhuuI
anikeiof luoe combined currente to whieh he at
tributes1 unutual clceirieul diilui banco. This coin'-c.Tifl-nco
aeeina to ahow that the cable operation!
art atroiigly oonttolled by thues meluomloieal
fcraea whieh Di. Cbap.nan Ima been to many
yeatn mrestlgatin, and through which he haa giv
en 10' many auriris'ngly verified premonilioua of
arthquaktt, atorms, &.o. The fact thut it doea
not remain altogether uetire, or inactive, aeema
ho ) 'hidicate this. It' this be an, then, it inay
bdoMtful whellrer any Atlantic cable enterprise
itjovet fully aucceatful withoat tlie pruetioal knowl
edge and application of Dr. Chupmnn'a dltcorery.
"Tho" opinion that no comfiiunieaUon hot ever
pM9eJ'll)rongh, assumed by many, i evidently b
tad, (torn the f Ml tliat neither our Prejidenl, nor
llwieea, nor the Mayora of New York and
LondoitJ would bo accessory to a public uud iioto
riouf Ijoax. at would have been the ease iu refrr
lo'iheir several messajea, had there been any
aaca numaugg n5. -
Th Lxtc Hattam wria m i.ibujrt. Gen
Saott haa issued a general order' conimending ili
gallantry of the- AmiYic'ili iroupi engaped iu'llle
nuirietous combata'vitli, the Indians which have
eouiund since May, J&V-, Very imporuint f
aural bore been gained, nd in .me quartern the
IAdlens'hare been compfr.tely subdued. . The bat-
tlef hive been very' numerous,' nml,. many brave
deeds have been done,- and nuny r nurkab'e r e
tdriet iron. Son t lB baules' were fought
aa:nst terrible i oddt, ud tome of the ' etrugglea
wero.rery acre, re, i " -r 8
tgp-A ahip, canaj rouud Jhe, Falb) of, Niagara,
on the American" aiae1, Ft revTve'd,' and a meetii(j
was J'ed in Loekport on the i23d of Septembear-
Judgn Holmea apa waimly in favor of tin canal.
H- thoght it would nlUmatly W 'bnllt. b.aute
it waj'neccesaxy to oar commerce.' He (bought'
tha Government would sooner give tlie land aeo
omry U buihl iin-A.OOO.OOO aer-avw, than
rears hence, and thie wat tha time W atrike.' It
wit rcnolred to tend a delegation to W'ath'nglon
to attend to the aubjeot at lha net aeaa'on uf Con
graaa, and to ita importance npoo meinbera. ..':
'TiIma'0 Fast. rt night, after the offit
eea on tb Manttio Telegraph line had b.n
Cleared of their bosirrret, the open found the
lioe to be in OAOellent waking order. Mr. Byron,
onrf tba prtors. eonwrael freely withferanna
PTr tj.Aiiti b 'mj wrTah . 01 no-
few momenta, a eona. c.me.l . be
tween ey-fne in the offije h.re Md O4 '
New oELZm aa rapi It-taer they w
ttsaruVin lb aae roeji. ou
Ji0li,antJarilhoriiii.i his aat, W""
Amm Uu it waa aoerfuiogh l work a V-
ec d'ntanee. en l in a
CHWW . .
lew nMiinti uia ir"?
KeW fork e ty en! New Orleant wre
taehed ia thieofll and pertone in th uSiea m
Wt asraei; aw uttntrerr wer -m wtw
aaa ibasB itl tbatrjL Cauita ll"rt, in Ihe Ml
. . thmtwh the medium of nearly aereaUen
A Weekly Newspaper, devpted
Vol. IV."
.1
can bo perfoi mail for to lon dit:anet, nu I lli
i oilier muai huv bti n uui.'.irni ill o'ighoul llif
(auboird porlioa of tl.o ounliy IKjyf (a
&la:i$. ..
,1
Senaiou IIauxond's fipEr.cn. Tlte fol
lowing front the 'cw York Timei id, In tie
main, a fuir summitry of Senator Ilum
raond'n recent spcecli at Barnwell, South
Curolioat , , (. ...j (,. j ; ... .,. (
, , ", Tito most striking feature of Senator
Ilamuiowt't sjiecclt is, tlutt )ie discards en
tirely all the absurd ultruisim Ly which the
fire-eaters of tho slavejiolding States liaro
disgusted the country and hrouht unde
served odium upon the South. ;, lie rcpudi
ates tho whole pro-slavery , rolity of tho
Adininistration. and rejects with contempt i
tho, various schemes which are popularly
ascribed to, tho Southern State. Tho
Kuusas-Xebraaka bill, while it ofunned tho
truistn of popular sovereignty and re-enacted
the repeal of tho obsolete- Missouri Coin
promise, mitled tho South into the delusion
thut Kansas could, be; made a slave State,
nml thus plunged, tho couutry into a falso
and useless issue and cave fresh life und
vigor to tho Aboliti6a party.'; Mr. ltnm
mond says he thought from the first that
the South itself onght to kick' tho Lccomp
ton constitution out of Congress, and ho
voted for ' it only because the South tlicn
held a different opinion'.' Tho submission
of that constitution to the popular vote,
sooner or later; was perfectly unavoidable,
nnd he was not in the least disappointed, dr
displeased, that they rejected it nnd refused
to come into tins Union upon such terms as
were therein prescribed. So much for tlie
past. '
, V.Ia regard to t'ac future, he did not' be
lieve thnt a majority of the Southern peo
ple desired disunion, r looked to it as lie
had done in tho early part of his life as
essential to tlteir safety. , lie conceded fully
that the ascendency of the free States was
permanently secured, and thnt it was hope
less for the slave States to attempt to reguin
it, or even to re-cstall sh tluir equality.
The rc-opening of the. slave trado r could
never be secured from Congress, nnd would
be opposed by a mrjority of the South; be
had himself abandoned the idea, though he
once entertained it. .JCor can any new ter
ritory bo acquired wherein to plant new
slave States.'' Slavery can never' succeed
In Central America the eight or ten Bul
lous' of natives vvho Inhabit that' country
can neither be enslaved, exterminated, iior
admitted to the rights of citizenslitp-and
if those States wcro to come into tho Union
at all it would be as free States. To touch
them in any woy is to be contaminated.-
Nor hnsthe South, any more to hope for
from Cuba.' If annexed as slave territory,
she would only make two or three slave
States, and would not restore the equilibri
um of the South, while she would crush out
our whole sugar culture, und afford a mar
ket for nil the slaves of Kentucky, Mis
souri, and Maryland. If her slaves were
to be liberated -if, ih popular phrase, Culm
were to be ' Africanized' the sugar and
cotton culture of Louisiana aud Texas
would be immensely benefited thereby1.
Under all these circumstances," Mr. Ilam-'
mond regards all the, schemes for restoring
the ascendency or eqnilibrinm of tho slave
States as utterly vitionary. So far as num
bers nnd political power are concerned in
tho affairs of the Federal Union, the Smith
must make np its mind to be and remnin
permanently in the minority. And hor Se
curity must lie in what he behoves ttf be
the impossibility of bringing the Xqrtli to
concur permanently in any line of policy
that will subvert. 'the Constitution and seri
ously damage the South in the Confederacy.
He does not believo that this can be done
He does not believe thnt the Northern love
for the negro will ever induce them to tres
pass upou the ''constitutional rights of the
Southern State The South has already
controlled and decided the policy of the
Union in regard to the tariff, Internal 'Im
provements, and the United Stales Bank,1
and haa established the pol.cy or slavery, as
a domestic institution; not only against the
North, but against England and France
and tho whole world. And now all that
the South has to do to preserve Its rights Is
m rnnr;v,nt he North. She must not i
throw off her Northern aUies.jtor refuse
assent to. the just, aulf fair demands, e
Northern people," ' 1 ''
; Capital rcsisHMEXT.VyrI,ile '.Tal.
States have made strenuous efforts, of late
years to abolish capital pntiishment alto
gether, the Legislator of Georgia is now
endeavoring to extend this pennlty to other
crimes than murder and arson. '. Two bills
have been introduced, with iew to mane
both night burglary and robbory by font,
capital offenses; but each has failed In the
Senate. They have, however, been amend
ed so as to moke the puuiahment. twenty
yean in the Penitentiary, at the discretion
of the Court. ; ' - ''-' ' ' 1 ' V-
... , , '! 1 -i "
I Hon. Thomas L. Harris,' member
of Commas from the Springfield district,
Illinois, Eed at Springfield on the 24th of
Nor. last -r - -" 1
to the Principles 6f Jefferson iaa
,,OItEGON;CITy, ' OREGON, JANUARY 15, 1859.
Docclas and LivcoL. The Jlinsourl
Statesman editor, a leading politician of tho
' American' stump, Attended the discussion
at Alton between Douglus ami Lincoln,
and accompanies a ' report of the speeches
with the following sketch of the speakers:
" Both of these gentlemen have more
reputation as tlump speakers than they
merit. Mr., Douglus is far the best popular
speaker of the two, and' jet, he is uot by
any means the unrivaled orulor the papers
represent him. In speaking, lie paces tho
platform to and fro, very seldom t stopping
and standing In one place to. address the
peojile) , lie is a very slow and a very dis-
ctptker, yet earnest In his manner and
.fluent 'hi lib language. Every word is a
distinct and sepurute word, dropping rather
UoW1"?. fji-ctca rather than coming, irom
his lips. , liach word is a breath, an inde
pendent effort of the voice, making Mr.
Douglas in 1 this respect the roost singular
speuker we ever heard. Tuke, for exam
ample, this sentence from his speech: 'I
disagreed, and Mr. Buchanan told me, if I
did uot go with him, , overy. friend of mine
should lose his head.' I nstcad of pronounc
ing this in the ordinary flow of one word
after the other, without distinct and meas
ured pause between them, Mr.. Douglas
would put his' wholo speech in itulic, and
cmpliasizo ench word as follows: f ldtia-qrtrdand-Mr,
Buchanan told inf
if did not go Kith him'- kc.
i'et he is on Interesting, forcible .speaker,
refreshing iu his manner, with great power
over tho multitude, and able in debate much
beyond, his fellows. Intellectually,. , he
would be a man of mark in any council iu
the world. ',!,'' .-, . .','.'
"Iu person,' Mr,, Douglas is small in
stature, symmetrical in form, and of great
physical strength. t lie was forty-live years
old on the 23d of April lastj-., , ;,, ,, T',
r" Mr..L!nco!u is a spare-made tnan, over
six feet high gaunt,, long, and awkward.
Intellectually, he is net common man, but
he lucks the. flash and the flume of a good
stump speaker., lie is a luicycr more of
a technical special pleader, than, a states
man,' His arguments ore metaphysical,
and from first principles, rather than from
facts." He is , too abstraso for tho multi
tude, but witlinl sharp aud witty.- We
should judge from what we saw of him tlutt
he is a very conscientious, high-minded gen
tleman tlte soul of honor,, and no dema
gogue. Mr. Douglas, on tlie contrary, is
an artful politician, good at turning a short
corner, and a demagogue of no mean pre
tensions'.", ) 'u ,
. " la view of the issues involved, and the
antecedents aud present affiliations of these
distinguished men, both of them , are quite
obnoxious to true Americans and jWhigs.
Tlie ' nigger .is the Alpha and the Omega,
the beginning and the end, of their ha
rangues before the nplc. ,
Marriage cr Kikdreo. A bill Ins
passed the House of Representatives of
Georgia, by a rote of fifty-six to fifty-two,
prohibiting the intermnrringo of first cous
ins, under a severe penalty, and cnttiug off
the inheritance of the issue. . The preamble
to tho bill asserts that many deformations
of mind and body are; of congenial origin,
from the practice of near kindred intermar
rying with each other. I "
J5ST The number of Regular Baptists in
the United States, , as appcors by the pub
lished returns for the year 1857, amounts to
923,198; associations 505; churches 11,-
COO; ordained ministers 7,141; licentiates
1,025: baptized in 1857, C3.506, The Dis
ciples are estimated at 350,000, and other
denominations that' practice immersion, at
176.842.' In 'the. British Provinces the
Baptists arc 'estimated to number 29,200,
and hi the ' West India' Islauds 80,250.
Total in North 'America that practice im
mcrsion, 1,515,490. ' ,'j 'v,
Tho eighty-second anniversary f(
our Independence, was appropriately cele
brated at Fort Union, filteen hundred or
two thousand miles above St. Louis Mo.,
being the first commemoration of that event
in the Indian country; Mountaineers, tra
ders, hunters,, and voyagers of the country,
together with pleasure-seekers from differ
ent parts of the Union, constituted a re
spectable assembly of persons of rnr.ous
characters and appearances. The Presi
dent of tlie day was James Kipp, who has
Ixen forty years in the employ of the Amer
ican fur company. Among the participants
the Chiefs of the Assinaboine nation, by
special invitation, shone in the most con
spicuous position, while the country women
0f 5i;nUe.ha-ha graced the places usually
occupied by the " ladies," and were remem
bered by tho toast-master with all due gal
l"try. '""' . ... .- t ' ,
' SO In the South Carolina Legi'Jature,
Dec. 2, Hon. James Chesant, President of
tlie Stat Senate, was elected t n.teu auwes
Senator on the tenth ballot.; This is a sig
nal triumph of tlie Conirrvativra,; .
xffl Janu B. Cur has sold the resi
dence of Henry Clay, Ashland, for JOO.000
era of Teiae bad.
Democracy, and advocating the
' Skator Seward'8 SPEEcn. Of all tho
contemptible methods of misrepresentation
In which some men Indulge, tho most des
picable Is the practice of quoting a passage
so separated from tho context as to make it ;
appear that the writer or speaker has said. "'cut. auih wouia ie a most rninons poi
whathedidnotsar. It not unfrequently icy- I" enso of war, our credit must be
happen that sentence even is broken, and I
some single clauso of it quoted iu order to
wing a fulsehood. Any one who could be
guilty of such on act deserves to bo pillo
ried. He justly sinks himself beneath the
notice of an honest man, Senator Seward
is just now suffering somewhat in this way,
through the misrepresentation of ono or
two vcnnl and partisan sheets, whose state
ments aro copied by other papers, who may
believe them to be true. ' Mr. Seward, in
his Rochester speed), made the following
remark: ' '
On the other hand, while I do confi
dently believe nnd hope that my country
will vet become a land or universal free
dom, I do not expect that it will bemude
so otherwise than through tho action of tho
several States, co-operating with the Fed
eral Government, and all acting in strict
conformity with their respective Consti
tutions.",. ; , ; v., , .,
- This extract of itself shows bow far Mr,
Seward was from Indulging In tho Aboli
tion tirade and treasonable sentiments that
some liavo been prompt to attribute to him
Where is the treason contained in that par
agraph ? ' The speaker had just before ex
pressed his conviction that slave labor and
free labor are so opposed to each other that
tliey cannot forever continue to exist under
one government. A strugglo between the
two has been going on, silently or openly,
ever since the formation of. the Govern
ment; and one or the other must ultimately
triumph. : Senator' Seward believes that
free labor is destined to achieve that tri
umph, and he hits good grounds for his
opinion. It is only contemptible journals,
liko tho Missouri Republican, that descend
to the low falsity of separating parts of
sentences, and commenting on those alone,
in order to mnke a phiusiblo show of ob
jection to such iK'lief. St. Louis Dem,
,, ... , , i .
America!? E.NTEnrnrsE. In crossing the
plains from Mcndozn ' to Sau Luis, South
America, Lieut. Strain met an intelligent
American, who had crossed tho Andes and
pushed his way thus fur into the unfrequent
ed regions of the South. The pursuit of
science, Strain supposed, had led an enthu
siastic votary to undertake this distant tour
iuto the semi-civilized region.' Great was
his astonishment to find that the traveler
was an ugent for an American patent medi
cine.1 '- '" " ' '' "' " '"'"' ' ":
Dosati's Comet. The brilliant comet of
last full was first discovered about four
years since, by Prof. Donnti, of Florence,
Italy, from whom it. takes its name. Its
period of revolution has been ascertained
to be 2,470 years. . : ...
ST It is estimated that England pays
annually $300,000,000 for manure more
than the entire commerce of the country.
The total value of a year's crop has been
reported to Parliament, soma time ago, as
being about $300,000,000. ' ' ' . ' ' 7
Logical. A writer iu the Westminster
Review once took the position that alcohol
is food, and offered the following logic as
proof i -.-
" Food is force, .''.''.'! !
Alcohol it force,
Therefore, alcohol It food.' '."' "
; Dr. Mussey gives a formula equally lc-
gitimnte nnd conclusive, namely:
" Hoie-fril is force,
Wliipp'ng a hnrre is Ibrce,
Therefore, whipping a horso is horse-feed."
To which capital logic our Jolm adds
his: ';.;,. ' ."'...'..
" My ma it a woman,
Qneeu Victoria is a womnn, .. . -
1 brrefure, Quotn Vielo. ia ia my ma."
Our Jecmes expresses his sentiments: '
The fnola me not all dead, . , .
The wri er of the nbnve ia n t dead,
Therefore, ta:4 writer ia a fool." , ,
A Cdasce. The Petcrsburgh Intelli
gencer advertises for, an assistant editor,
und says be must be a gentlemen construct
ed mainly of wrought iron, having a metal
lic skin, embossed with ferruginous warts,
and stomieh idnpted W the'dijr st'on o
, i , .... y I . . ... n i
uiaz:njiigiit;woo(t a'jojf ;awj o.Hpg wuivr,
In'sh'orta'steam mafir Such a gentle
man, or any person desirous of anticipating
the pleasures of Hades below.can find
congenial emptoyme'nf at that 'office until
frost, -i ' , ' 1 11 ' ' '
te-The Parkeriteaa Jpnrious sort of
Baptists) built chnrch, twenty years ago,
in Coles County, III., and so deeded it that
if there was ever allowed within its walls a
temperance lecture, a Bible Society meet
ing, a missionary meeting or a Sundsy
school, the title was forfeited and Ml back
to the original owner. Ten yaars since its
pulpit became vacant for want of hearers,
and now the sheep and swine sleep there.
tQr A woman abandons her opinion
the moment her husband adopts it; even in
church the women sing an octave higher
thin the men, ia order not to agree with
them ia ooythmf . - : z ' 1 ' '
1 1
side of Truth iu every issue.
No. 40.
Tho Vrtlatit llruaff t'.oaltaae.
. AN INCBEASKD TAniri SPECIFIC CITIES. ,
No statesman would advise, that we
should co on incrensincr the nutional debt to
meet the ordinary excuses of the govern-
and this would be greatly impaired by hav
ing contracted a large debt in timo of peace.
ftll(1 tllill .,,, , ' 1Vfltf llIlniliri,
It is our truo policy, to lucreuse our rev
enue so as to equal our expenditures. It
would bo ruinous to continue to borrow.
Besides, it may bo proper to observe, that
the incidental protect on, thus nfTordi'd by
a revenue tariff, would ut tho present mo
ment, to some extent, increase the conli
d"Dcc'oftho manufacturing interest, and
give a fresh impulse to our reviving busi
ness. ' To this surely no ono will object. ;
In regard to tho mode of assessing and
Collecting duties under a strictly revenua
tariff, I have long entertained and often ex
pressed the opinion, thnt sound policy re
quires this should be dono by specific du
ties, in cases to which theso cun bo prop
erly applied. They aro well adapted to
commodities which aro usually sold by
weight or by measure, and which, from
their nature, are of equal or of nearly equal
value. ,, Such, for example, are tho articles
of iron of different classes, raw sugar, and
foreign wines and spirits. - i
: Iu my deliberate judgment, specific dit
ties are the best, if not the only means of
securing the revenues against raise ana
fraudulent invoices, and such as been the
practice adopted for this purpose by other
commercial liatious. Besides, specific -duties
would afford so tho American manufac
turer tho incidental advantages to which he
is fairly entitled under n revenue tariff.
Tho present system is a sliding scale to his
disadvantage. Under it when prices ore
high and business prosperous, tho duties
rise in amount when he least requires their
aid. i.Oii tho contrary, when prices fall,
und he is struggling against advers ty, the
duties are d nniiishid in tho same propor
tion, groatly to h's injury. '; I
- Neither would there bo (lunger tlutt a
higher rate of duty than that intended bv
Congress, couUl ho levied . in tho form of
specihu duties. It would he easier to as
certain the average value of uny imported
nrticlo for a scries of years; and, instead of
subjecting it to nu ad valorem duty at n
certain rate per centum, to substitute iu its
place nu equivalent specific duty.
By such on arrangement tho consumer
would not be injured. It is true, he might
have to pay a ltttlo moro duty on a given
artx'le in one yeqr; but if so, he would pay
a little It ss in another, und in a series of
years' these would counti rbalaneo tacit
other, and amount to the same thing, so far
as litstuterist is concerned. Hits incon
venience would bo trifling, when contrasted
with the udd.tional security thus afforded
against frauds upon the revenue, in which-l
every consumer is directly intercslal.
I hnvo thrown out these suggestions as
the fruit of my own observation, to which
Congress, In their better judgment, will givo
such weight as they may justly deserve. .
the treasury,
; The report of tho Secretary of the Treas
ury will expluin in detail tho operations of
that department of tho government. The
receipts into the Treasury from nil sources
during tho fiscal year ending 30th June,
1858, including the treasury notes author
ized by tho act of December 23, 1857,
were seventy million two hundred and scv-enty-thrco
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine
dollars and fiity-nino cents ($70,
273,809,69), which amount, with the
balance of seventeen million seven hundred
and ten thousand one hundred and four
teen dollars and twenty-seven cents ($17,
710,114,27) remaining in tho treasury at
the commencement of tho year, mndu an
aggregate for the service of tho year of
eighty-seven million nine liniulreil una
eighty-threo thousand nine hundred and
eighty-three dollars nnd eighty-six cents,
($87',D83,D83,80.) '
The public expenditures during tho fiscal
year ending June 80,' 1858, amounted to
e'ghty-ono million five hundred and cighly-
fivo thousand six hundred and sixty-seven
dollars and seventy-six cents ($Hl,587,0G7,
70), of which nine million six hundred nnd
eighty-four thousand five hundred and thir
ty-seven dollars and ninety-nine cents ib'J.
081,537,99) were applied to the payment
of the public debt, nml redemption of treas
ury notes with the interest tlierron, leaving
in tho treasury on Jttiy 1, 1858, being the
commencement or the- present liscnl yenr,
six million three hundred and ninety-eight
thousand three hundred and sixteen dol
lars and ten cents ($0,398,310,10.)
The receipts iuto the treasury during the
first quarter ot the present licui year, com
mencingthe 1st July, 1858, including ono
half of tlie loan of twelve millions of dollars,
with tho premium upon it, authorized by
the act of 14th June, 1858, wcro twenty-
five Billi on two hundred and thirty thousand
eiirlit hundred and screuty-iiinu dollars and
forty-six cents ($25,230,879,40), aud ihe
eetimat'd recc'ntsfor the remaining three
quarters to the 80th June, 1859, (torn or
dinary resources, ore thiriy-e;gU million
five hundred thoa'und dollars ($38,500,
000). making, with the balance before
stated, an aggregate of seventy million otic
hundred and twenty-nine thousiind one huu-
dred and ninety-live dollars aud fifty-six
cents ($70,129,195,50)
The expenditures during the first qnnrttr
of the present fiscal yenr were twenty-one
million seven hundred aud fight thousand
one hundred and D'uwty-eight dollars and
fifty-one cent ($21,708,198,51); of which
one million and ten thousand one hundred
and forty-two dollars nad thirty-ncvcn cents
($1,010,142,37), were apled to the pay
ment of the pubhc debt and the rcdi-nit t on
of treasury notes, and the iiiU-re t tiinwn.
The estimated expenditure during the re
maining three quarters to 80th June, 1859,
are fifty-two million three handred and nine-ty-ight
dollars and forty-eight cent, ($52,
g59,98,48) makmf oa aggregate of ae
ADVEItTISINO KATES.'
On eqaart (13 hue or lew) ont iuttrtiea,
- ., two insertions, 4,0
" , tl.rv iiuK-niona, fi.i'U
Each tubtrquent Intertliiu, U O '
Rttsonabl deductions to thus alio tdvertit ty
i the year.
JOD PBINTINO.
Tn a raoraiKToa or rui AltGl'S it nrrr
to inform the nubile that h haa Just received a
large stork of J Oil TYl'K aud ether new print
ing, material, and will be In the erdy rtie pt o
id I Hums ml 'rd to nil ihe nqnii en'ente of th 't lr
enlny. II AN 0HII.IJ4, 1'OhlKllf), HI ANKH,
t'AKUS, Cll'.urLAllH, 1'AMl IILHT-WOUK
and oilier kimlt, done to order, on short itotlce.
enty-four million sixty-five thousand eight
hundred and ninety-six dollars and ubiety
nino cents, ($74,005,890,99) being on ex
cess of expenditures beyond the estimated
receipts iuto the treasury from ordinary
sources, during the fiscal year to the BOili
Juno, 1859, of three tuill.on ulne hundred
and thirty-six thousand seven hundred aud
one dollars and forty-thrco cents ($3,930,
701,43). Extraordinary means aro placed
by law within coinmnnd of the Secretary of
tho Treasury, by the re-issue of treasury
notes redeemed, and by negotiating tho
bnluticc of the loan ntttltprized by the act
of 14th June, 1858, to tlie extent of eleven
millions of dollurs, whieh, If realized during
tho present fiscul year will leavo a balnncu
in tho treasury, on the first day of July;
1859, of seven million sixty-three thousand
two hundred aud ninety-eight dollurs and
and GQy-scvcu cunts ($7,003,29,57).
. The estimated receipts during the next
fiscal year ending 30th June, 1800, n re
six ty-l wo millions or dollars (02,O0O,00u),
which, with the abovo estimated balance of
seven million sixty-three thousand two hun
dred and ninety-eight dollars uud fifty-seven
cents ($7,0G3,iU8,67), make an aggro
gate for the service of the next fiscul yeat4
of sixty-iiltio million sixty-three thousand
two hundred and ninety-eight dollars and
fifty-seven cents ($69,008,298,57). Tho
estimated expenditures during the next fis
cul year ending 30lh June, 1800, are ser-cnty-threo
millioa ono hundred and thirty-;
nine thousand ono hundred and forty-seven
dollars and forty-six cents ($73,139,147,
40). which leave a deficit of estimated
means, compared with the estimated ex
penditures for that yenr, commencing on
tho first of July, 1859, of four million and
seventy-fivo thousand eight hundred aud
forty-eight dollars and cighty-uinc cents
($4,075,858,89) ' . . - '
lu addition to this sum, the Postmaster
General will require from tho treasury, for.
tho service of the Post Office Department,
tlireo million eight hundred and thirty-eight
thousuud seven hundred and twenty-eight
dollars, ($3,838,728), as explained in tho
report of tho Secretary of the Treasury, :
which will increase tho estimated deficit on
tho 30th Juno, 1800, to seven million tiine
hundred nnd fourteen thousand five hundred
and seventy-six dollars and cighty-nuio
cents, ($7,914,576,89.) . .- ';';
To provide, for tho payment of this esti
mated deficiency, which will bo inereiiMid
by such appropriations as inny uo j
nuido by Congress, not estimated for in .
the report of tho Treasury'Deiinrtineut, as j
well ns to provide for tho gradual rcdetnp-'(
tion, from yenr to year, of the outstanding -(
treasury notes, the Seeretury of the Treat-.
tirv r; commends such n revision of the pres
ent tariff ns will raise tho required amount. ,
After whut I have already said, 1 need
senrcdy add that I concur iu tho opiuion J
expressed in ins report mat, mo jiuuiio
debt should not bo increased by un nddi-"(
tionul loan, nnd would therefore strongly .
urge upou Congress the duly of making, ut (
their present session, the necessary provis-'
ion for meeting these liabilities. .
, , THE PUBLIC DEBT. ' ' '
The public debt on tho 1st of July, 1858, !
tho commencement of tho present fiscal "
yenr, was $25,155,977,06. ' , ' .
During tho first quarter of the present ',
yenr, tho sum of $10,000,000 has been nc- .
gotiated of the loan authorized by' the act ;
of Uth June, 1858 making the preseut ;
outstanding public debt, exclusive of treas
ury notes, $35,155,977,0(1. Thero was on
tho 1st July, 1858, of treasury notes issued
by authority of tho net of December, 23, :
1857, unredeemed, the sum of $19,754,800
making tho amount of net mil indebted
ness, nt that date, $.)4,01O,777,O. To '
this will be added $10,000,000 during the''
present fiscal year this being the remain- '
ing half of the loan of $20,000,000, not 1
yet negotiated. '
Tho rapid Increase of tho public debt, :
ami the necessity which exists for a modifl-
cation of tho tariff, to meet even the ordi-
nary expenses of the government, ought to !
admonish us all, in our respective spheres
of duly, to tho practice 'of rigid economy.
The objects of expenditure should bo limit- '
cd In number, ns far ns this may be practi
cable, and the appropriations iicrcRsary to '
carry them into effect, oup;ht tn be disbursed i
under the strictest accountability. Enllght-'
ened economy does not consist In the refu
sal to appropriate money for constitution:.! '
purposes, essential to the th-fense, progrtr,.',
and prosperity of the republic, lint in hiking "
care that none of this money shall bo wast- "
cd by mismanagement, in its application to
the ol j cts designated by law. '
Comparisons between the annual rxpen- .
diliire at the presenf time, and whut it was
ten or twenty years ogo, are altogether fui- ,
htcious. The rapid increase of our country ,
in exteut and population renders a corres- ,
ponding increase of expenditure, to some
extent, unavoidable. This is constantly
creating new objects of expenditure, and
augmenting the amount required for the
old. The true questions then, arc, have
Ihesc objects been unnecessarily multiplied? ,
or, has the amount expended upon any or
ull of them been larger than comports with '
due fconomy? In accordance with these .
principles, the heads of the different execu
tive d partmeiiU of the government have ,
lieen instructed to reduce their estimates
for the next fiscal year to the lowest stand
ard con!stcnt with the efficiency of the rr r
vic and this duty they have performed in
a sprit of just rconoiny. Tho estimates of ,
theTrtn'ury, War, Navy, and Interior De- '
partments, have each been in some degrco
rednccd; and unless a sudden aud nnfor- '
iocn emergency should arise, it Is anticipnt- .
cd that a deficiency will exist in cither ,
within the present or next fiscal year. Tho '
port Office Department Is placed in a pe- '
culiar position, different from the other dc- j
partments, and to this I shall hereafter
refer.
I Invite Congress to, institute a rigid ;
terutiny to ascertain whether the expenses A
tn all the. department cannot be still fur- .
ther reduced; and I promise tbem all the
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