AIiVKUTISINO UATKrt.
One smiare (It! line or hsai une inuiriinn, $.14
" ' tWH insert;,, i, 4,111)
thn-e iim-riium, fl,n
Fueli ul,'iiriil iiiMirtion, I.H'I
Reswiiolile ileduetions to tlinse who sdvertire by
the yiar.
Job Printing.
Tiir rsorsiEms or tiik Alttil'S is lurrr
In inform the public llmt he lias jiwt received
large stork of dolt TVl'K nnd oilier new prim
in- muteri.il, ami will ha in the speedy rreeiit of
additions suited to nil die ri'iiii einriits of til lo
cality. IIAMHtll.lJs, I'lilsTlillS, III.A.VKH,
t'AUDS. ( lltt TI.AKS, I'A.MI'III.KT-WOKK
and oilier kinds, done lo urder, un short notice.
Office-Good's Building, Main st.
rial Room in first story.
EJito
TERMS Tilt A ao us vill be furnithed at
thru Uulluil ana lijly tenli fir annum,
la mi nil mhimlimThret IMIari
inch to cluhtof Itn at am ojlict.
A "Weekly Newspaper, devoted to the lYhieijilcs of JiHiTsoniaa Deinocniey, and ndvoeatinjj tho fide of Truth in every issue.
f3f" Two Dullan fur lix month! So luhicrip
Hum rtctiitd for a !" period.
fjf A 'a paper ditcontinurd until alt arrtnragei
Vol. II.
OltEGOX CITY, O.T., SEPTJSMIlEll 27, 18 5 0.
No. LM
an paid, unl'U at tut option oj tut pubUihrr.
THE OREGON AMiUS.
H'SUSIIKO rVKRV SATCRUAV MOSSISII,
BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS.
Daw.
Ill Idle gik( I mt in J sighed,
Willi folded limiJs fur love and light I
But darkness brno led far and wide,
And sileiics sealed Ilia 1 1 uf ttiyht.
And alill, an bluckiiem chsngeJ lo gray,
And atur by slur diad out above,
1 wept my foolish heart sway,
And feebly sighed fur Ihjht and love,
But when the Alcliyniist on li'gh
Flashed into gold eu:li rudJy streak,
A new-born brecje, careering by,
Leaped tip and kissed me on the cheek
Then came a murmur from the plsvn,
And music from the waving grove,
And Earth to happy tuil ag.iin
Awuke with praise fur li Jit and lure.
"I take it for a sign," I said,
And rune like Lazarus fmm hii grave
"Leave folded hands unto tlio dead,
Lea re t'ghiiig to the galley-sliive;
For nil the sighs from all the lands,
And nil the tcure that men can weep,
Could waft no love to folded hands,
Could ruin no light on w.lful sleep.
"For, never lumbering, to the morn
Earth's earnest eyes fur ever move j
And from her million in are homo
No idle siglis for liyhl und love.
Butlsbur, luhorsluys the ni; III,
And speeds tho Day CJud'a chatiol wheels;
Labor, love-given, fathers li0dit j
And light to labor love reveals."
Then, gathering up my newest s'ghs,
1 nhuped llierefmin a bark of air;
With the lint offering" of my eyea
1 freighted it, and culled it "Frayer.1'
Its au la were set, ita mast were strong,
Well found in airy bolt und bur j
I watched it at it surged along,
And hid b.hiud tho morning slur.
And, as I turned with Lrmer trend
Across the barren niouiituiu aide,
JHelhought no ne whisper sflly suid
"Go, lubai lliou, whute'er betide ;
Go, luhur thuu, and be content !
Thy little bulk, liko Xouli's dove,
Shall seek thee when the day Is Sieiit,
Deep-ludcn, then, w ill Unlit and love.''
Ihutelwld W'ordt.
Report of Hie Partite Itath'oail Committee.
Tho fallowinje i-i a copy of the Rcjiort of
the Pacific Railroad Committee, which was
to liavo been presented to tho Homo of
Uepreseutativrs on Monday, July 21st :
Tho select committee tu which was re
ferred the bill to provide fur the establish
ment of a railroad ami teh graph com tu u n i -cation
between the Atlantic States mid the
Pacific Ocean, and fur other purposes, beg
leave to make the following report:
Tli.. ..nn.fttil i u-hii-li nvilu fi i i ..(met runt .
ing lines of ruilroad and telegraph commu
nication between the Atlantic und Pacific
const is no longer a question for argument.
It is conceded by every one, thai, in order
to maintain our present position on the Pa
ciliic, we must have some more speedy and
direct means of intcrconrso than is nt pre
sent, aflbrdod by the route through the
possessions of a foreign power.
The iinporiuncc ofottr Pacific possessions
is fell in every pursuit ami in every rela
tion of life. The gold of California has
furnished tho merchant and trader with
a capital by which enterprises have been
iijdHoi tuUeii and accomplished, w hich were
.bufire deemed impracticable. Our com.
,inercial marine has been neatly doubled
-since 1843 j internal improvements have
ibeen pushed forward with astonishing ra
pidity j the value of every kind of property
has been doubled, and tho evidences of
"frflWr'ly Bl"' nle cverywdicrn t0 ue
seeii"" 3 ?ccilr'ty H,,tl pro'ectionof that
rfoimtw from w''nU liavc emanated neatly
ull those liafae.-fy u ' of JC1.
.importance. That .can accomplished
ouly by direct and easy communications
through our own territory. Kailroads will
effect this. At present, we are forcod to
Tesort to a very circuitous route hy sea,
.through the tropics, mis' across tha ce.nll
snent at a must sickly poiut in tue torrto
aone. Should a war 'break out between
ourcuuntry and any oilier maratiuio power,
or huld difficulty arise with one of the
petty Spanish American States through
which these routes lie, our communication
would to intercepted, and the unity ofeur
confederacy would be actually broken up.
Looking to these facts alone to secure
the construction of these lines of communi
cation, has given thetn such importance as
lias never attached to any work of internal
improvements since the time when, during
President Jefferson's administration, it was
thought necessary to connect the states ly
ing on the Atlantic seaboard with the
States lying in the valley of the Mississippi,
'by means of Mads across the Alleghany
mountains.
lnsifrnifTicint ai the undertaking of the
'building of a wagon road across the Al
Oeghanies may appear now, the proposition
was then deemed exceedingly difficult, and
occupied quite as much of tha public at
tention a the Pacific railroad does at the
present time. The States were then sepe.
rated only by tfce mountain range of trie
Alleghanies;bat tho western country was
so remote and access to it so difficult, that
the construction of a ro.id was considered
. absolutely necessary, and sufficient to au-
thorizd the earnest attention of Congress.
Tha people of the western frontier were at
that time exposed to the incursions of the
Iudians. Tha country was exceedingly
fertile; but the markets were so distant
that the produclion was an incumbrance
rather than a profit to the farmer ; and
vast tracts of rich agricultural land were
anrT.-ttiil remain an unbroken waste.
Tho action of the government attracted
public attention and awakened private
. enterprise. Canals were projected, and
then followed railroads, until every
prtofthat country which was but a few
years ago called the -'Far West," has ben
brought wtihin three or four dys' commn
ivi.;o3 with the ci'ii;! oa the aeaaoar!,
giving a new impulse to commerce, inurens-1 ii"ceary to maintain there, would exceed J resolution havo tjiukeii with a concurring
ing the vuluo of property, and relieving -'0,0Uli,uliU ; an J to mniiiiaiii (roups and . voice ; and recnt npresi ntaiivo eoiiveti
the frontiers from nil the dangers of u In s- curry on defensive operations under thor lions of tho I ).-moeralic party tit Thilii'M
tilo fie. No better example can be given 'cireumaunces, I lie expense- per man would phia, have, with mn-.t remarkablo tin an int.
of tlm benefit resulting f'ruin the construe-j bi six times greater limn it is now : the' ity und nuphais, divhired the will of lie
lion of ruilrundslo both publio and piivalo l.ind traiisiiiution of each field twi lie-! people on this auhj.ct ill tvaoluliolis intend
property than that of tho Illinois Central ' poumler, with a due supply of nmmuuiiioii : vd for our instruction.
Kuilrond. tin tha line of that roa I tho for one year, would cost $2,!i00 ; i.f each " I-1 The tvi itteo havn deemed it their du-
public lands hud been olfi-red for sale many pounder and aiumuuitioii, fc'J.OuO; und ofj ty to give ell'ect to this giiiiul w ish, mid
years without finding a piuclias, r, mid : a sea cast gnn and nminunitiun, 12,0u0. j have examined, with ninth care, the vai l
were nt last reduced to tha lowest minimum j '1'ho transportation uf atiiiiiunitioii for a ous plans w hich have, from time to time,
price, twelve ami a half cents pr acre ; year fur 1,1100 a coast guns uouM cost been proposed. The) have lh"iight t.rnp.
and oven this reduction wus not sufficient . 10.0(IO.(lt)U. Uut the exnensu of tutus. ! er li, chaniM tlio nrovii-ions of the bill ro-
to inducts their sale. ftut when, nftur
government had given away ouu half to
usit in building the road, the other half
was reauity soni lor lo uoiiara 11110 uiiy
cents per acre, bimilar results havo fol.
lowed the buililing of nearly every other
railroad in the country, al' hough in many
instances, as in this, the roads came in di
rect competition w ith river and canal trans,
purlatinu. A railioad across tlm continent
would open up a vast extent of country to
settlement ; and much of what is now be-
lieved to bo sterile and barren, will, no
doubt, asm Lalihjrnin, bo found lo yield
1. .. . - c 11.. . . .1 . ...1 ; .
uuuiiiiiuny 10 mo ngricunurisi.
lheso lands are now totally without val-
tie, no matter how fertile they may be, and
lo the Government worthless. diving
away ouu hall lor the construction otitic
proposed roads will thereby attach value
lu tho remainder, and whatever that value
mav bu, will be the amount the govern
ment is gaining by the transaction. Your
committee have not thought proper to step
ii'idu from tha long established system o!'
tho (jiovernment in granting lands to aid in
the construction uf tho railroads under
consideration, except incidentally on the
payment for the transportation ol troops,
munitions of war, and for carrying the
mail : at tho same lime, thev have eudenv-
ored to extend to every portion of the couu-
try nn cfpial share of tho henifits to be
derived from it. Every part of die country
fruin Lake bupenor lo the titill ol .Mexico
is brought in direct contact with one or the
other of the proposed roads ; and from the
western frontiers of the states lying wesl
of the Missouri, connections aro easily
mad'i with rotids already completed to llie
cities on tho Atlantic seaboard. Py thus
combining till iho great interests of the
country, atiihVt husbicnntndo lo ullay
sectional jealuusies, and bind together more
firmly every part of the country.
Ihe p titer ol granting lands, ortnepro-
ceeds thereof, for Ihe purposu of internal
improvement, und lo lueiuaso tho value
of publio propei ty, was early adopd d by
our L'overnmcnt. I'r tho act of April 30,
1W, "ono twentieth of the nett proceeds
of the sale of tho public lands lying in I lie
SlaloofOhio was set apart to be applied
) Iho hiving out and making publio roads ;
leading from the navigable waters empty
inir into tho Atlantic to the Ohio, to ihe
said S ate, and through the same;" such
roads to be laid out "under the nulhor.
lyof Congress, with thu consent of the
several States through which tho road..
all pass." liv tho net of May 1, 1302,
it is provided "that it shall and may be
law ful for the Secretary of iho Treasury
to cause to be reviewed, marked and open-
d such roads in the territory northwest ol
the Ohio as in his opinion may best serve
to promote the sales of llie publio lands in
luture. ' liotli these acts were approveu
hv Mr. Jefferson, and form the basis on
which all similar acts have been predicated.
Every LCxeeutivo since that time has ap
proved of similar acts, and the only change
made was in the manner of making the
grunts ; the lands having been given instead
f the nett proceeds ol iho sales tliereoi.
file plan thus proposed precludes the neces-
ny of entering into nn estimate ot tne
expenses Id be incurred in the construction
f any of tho proposed roads; not does it
matter how nvinv of thu roads are thus au
thorized lo be constructed. If built, they
ill open a vasi extent of country to settle
ment, and thus the government ann llie
people would bo materially benefitted. If
the road should not be built within the
time specified, tho lands revert tu tho gov
ernment, and the parties tako nothing by
tr.fl grant. rSolhmg is given without a
corresponding benefit to accrue. As a
means'oi' military defence, the Secretary of
War, in his hist annual report, has placed
this measure i.i such strong point that
your committee thought proper lo make
the following extract. Alluding to our Pa
cific possessions, be saye.s :
"This territory is not more remote from
tho principal European States than from
those pons of our own country whence it
would derive its military supplies, and
snme of those States have colonies and pos
sessions on the Pacific which would greatly
facilitate their operations against it. With
theso advantages, and those w hich the at
tacking force always has, of choice of time
and place, an enemy possessing a consid-
crable military marine couiu. sun com
pa'ratively little cost to himself, subject us j
to enormous expenses, in rriving to our Pa-!
cific frontier that protection which it is the
duty ef the general government to anora
In tho first rears of a war with any "reat ,
maritimenowcr. the communication bv sea '
could not be relied upon for the transporta-, r-raey, political, commercial, and social, the j wealth without a struifgl". When the pa
tion of supplies from the Atlantic to the ' prosperity of which essentially contributes triotic Gomez Farias, in H34, during hi.
Pacific States. Our naval peace establish-1 lo the common d-fmise. Of these it is not brief Presidency, proposed the sei.u e uf
ment would not furnish adequate Convoys
.'. .. . '
Fir lh number ot B'ore.s nns w ncn It,
svntihl be necessary to emnlov. and store-
ships alone laden with supplies could not !
undertake a voyage of twenty thousand
miles, passing numerous neutral ports, ;
where an enemy's armed vessels, even of
the smallest size, might lie in wait to in-1
tercent them.
Tl,o lv linB nf communication, then,
would be overland ; and by this it would be ; rnittee have ben briefly sugop-sien, oui we uvesoi iir.'-iesi., u nouon, lis--, ...,ui . i.i.m
impracticable, with any means heretofore do not deem it necessary to enter upon an by the government in the struggle for fn
....a . f...:i, iU rr,,ini f siinnlio. ra. .v.nrlofl a i-.fnmt.nl intlinw either the con- the emancipation from church oppress! in.
J .
. r .1 i e e .1. . r..-:c t .:
QUTed tor lue. Oetnce ui mo mciuc iiwiiuci,
It the present prices over the best part of
this tofc th experts fir bnd tranpor-'
tition alo'.e for the annual s-jpply of pro-1
visions cbthin" camp equips?, end am-
maait:on V "c'h a nnr as it wooH Is
j portation would be vastly increased byaf rred lo them very nm'eiially, preferring
. war ; mid at tho rates that were paid on the to tmiku the grant directly in compatih s
. northern frontier during the lnt war vtilh
uri-ni uriiaiii, inu uoovu t-siiui.-iiu wuuiu
j be treble d. I ho tune required for llie
overlunu j , unify would be liom lour lo
six ni'iulhs. In point ol lact, however,
suppliis fur such an tinny could not be
transported uomss the continent. On the
arid Hud barren belts to he crossed, the
limited tiuiititii s of water and grni-s would
soon be exhausted by the numerous draught
; animals required for heavy trains,
and
over such distances furngo tould nut be
: .1 t - .1 ...1. :
carrieu lor meir siioiMi-uee.
(.in tho other Hand the enemy would semi
! out his supplies ut from one-seventh tf
one-twentieth the above rates, and 111 less
time perhaps in une -fourth tho turn if true place among tho nations of the earth ;
he tould obtain coiumaiid uf tlio iilhmu ' and, indeed, it is high time thai Ibis most
routes. j beautiful, fertile and rich uf'couiitrius should
Any reliance, then-fore, upon furnishing realize a sense of its dignity, and ciimnci
that part of uur frontier with means of , pal jis,.f f10m i;10 foil.,-,, 0f ignorance,
defense fioin tho Atlantic and interior I superstition and venality, with which it
States, after tho commencement of liutil-' h:ls been so long enchained.
ilies, would bu vain, and the next resource
would bo to accumulate there such amount
of stores and supplies as w ould suffice du-
ling the continuance of the content, or until
tii..- i .... i. .
we could obtain command id tlio sea. As.
signing but a moderate limit to this period
I he expense womd yet bo enormous. 1 he
. foitilieu'ioi.s, depots, and slorelicusvs, would
necessarily be 011 the largest stub', and i lit
cost ol placing supplies tnero tor nve
years wuuld uiiiounl to nearly one hundred
millions of dollars.
In many respects, the cost during peace
would ba equivalent to that during war.
The perishable character uf many articles
would render it perhaps impracticable to
put provisions in itejiot lor sucii a Mum ol
time : and us any ease, tliere woiil 1 be ue
tcrioi'atio'.i amounting lo sumo milliuiis of
dollars per year,
These considerations, nnd others of a ,
strictlv millitarv character, came Iho do
purtnielil to examine w ith interest all proj
ects promising the accomplishment of a
railroad communication between the navi
gable waters of thu Mississippi and those of
the Pacific ocean. As military operations'
depend in a greater degree upon rapidity
ami certainty ol movement lliun upon any
oilier circumstance, tlio iiiiruuuciion ol
railway transportation has greatly improv
ed the means of defending our Atlantic and
inland frontiers; and to givo us sense of
security from attack upon tho most exposed
portion of our territory, it is rentiisito that
the facility of railroad transportation should
bo extended to tho Pacilio coast. Were
such a road completed, our Pacific coast,
instead of being further removed in time,
and less accessible lo us than to un enemy,
would bu brought wiihin a few days of
easy communication ; und iho cost of sup
plying an army there, instead of beint;
many times greater to us than to him,
would be about equal. We Would bo re
lieved of the necessity of accumulating
larger supplies on that cn.ise, to waste, per
haps, through long years of peace; and
we could feel entire confidence that, let war
cmno when and with whom it may, before
a hostile expedition could reach that expos. '
ed frontier, an ample force could be placed .
thereto repel nny attempt at invasion
From the results of the surveys author,
ized bv Congress, we dciivunt hast tho
assurance that Iho work is practicable ; and I
may dismiss the apprehensions which, pre-
viously, we could not but entertain as to
the possibility of defending our Pacilio ter-
ntory through a long war W illi a pow eriul
inaraliine enemy.
The judgment w hich mny he formed as
to the prospect of its completion, must con-
trul our future plans for tlio military do-
fence of that Ironlier; and nny plan lor
tho purpose which should leave tliut con
sider.nion outol view, would be as imp-r-fect
as if it should disregard ull those other
resources with which commerce and art aid
the operations of armies.
Whether we shall depend on private
capital and enterprise alone for thu early
establishment of railroad communication,
or shall promote its construction by such
aid ns the Generul Government may con-
stilutionally giv; whether wo shall rely ! under which it existed, but should bo able
un the continuance of peace until tlio in- to cut o,T, by interdict, any obnoxious in
crease of population and resources of the ; dividuul, by church discipline, from any
Pacific States render thein independent of j intercourse with his fellows, und that lliey
aid from those of the Atlantic slope and Mis- could be mads to shun him, hive no truns.
sissippi vallev, or whether we shall adopt
the extensive system of defence ubove re-
fered io, are questions of public policy
which belong to Congress lr decide. I
Rcyoud tho dinct fcinj loyment of such a '
road for mililory purposes, it has other re-1
lations te the great interests of our coiifed-!
my purpose to treat, further than lo point
. , i i -. ..i.:.i.:.. i.i
to llie a'lullionai resources kuicii u nuuiu
develope. and the mcreese of population
which must attend upon giving such facili-'
ty of Communication to a country so tempt-
ing to enterprise, much of which having
most valuable products, is beyond reach uf
market." i
Some of the considerations which bear
nnon the nuestions submitted to the rom-
1 . ... ii.
..:....: I . f n ... in ;d in
siiuiiuim' jiowei oi uun-i ...
construction of the r r-posed roads, or its
duty to exercise that power.
I he public mind has already formed its
judgment on both these points ; tha public
pfr, populnr a.cn;b!ie and lgMat:v '
j whoso inteiivw are well established, mid
iinny 10 givu iii.suiuueu uiai uiey win
press the w ni l; lot waul to completion ul
tiio cuiliost tlay possible.
I'niiii the New Vo.k UerulJ.
Mexico as U Was and Is.
The high und patriotic posi'ion taken by
(iell. C'oiiiolifort in the conduct of his gov
criimc.it, givi s tho siucerest pleasure to the
Inends ol liberty 111 the Lmted States.
Tho heartv suiiimrt ho rein ives fiom the
1 . '.
! people al home, is ulso a stit ject ol congtut-
u titioti. ai:d t is easv to ticrccim lliul if
thu 8tate of ihiugs can bo maintained lor
: a Vl,ur r t0 .Mexico will at last lake her
Tho difficulties which have hitherto
proved si s.-riotis nn obstruction to the on
ward luii'ress of that State, nru to bu til
; iribuled euliiely to the overwhelming puw -
.. . .... J . . " .
lTof the Church. Never was there such
uu imprriimi in in ver'w as this. The l'o
eminent which weic not pleasing to the
j priests had no stability. YVhuu there were
itt0 parties contending fur the supremacy,
whichever Hie Church ititluicd to succeed-
, cd
The Archbishop, w ith nine b'shops tin
dcr him, all having cubed mis and chapters,
except iho prelate of Sonora with 165
: prebendaries and canuiuies, 1,200 parishes,
and a r. gi.lar and secular clergy amount-
nig (0 10,000 persons, was no incousidcra-
ble personage. Of tho regular clergy, Sp
uOO reside ill the capital, and the orders of
iho Dominicans, Franciscans, Carnitines,
and Merecdai iiins possess 1.10 convents.
The salary of the Archbishop is SIMO.OOO
per nnutim, that of the Pishop of l'uebla
was 1 10,000. The remaining bishops
reccivo altogether about 5-JOO,000 more.
It lias been extremely dillicull to ascertain
the real value of the general propi rty of
the church. Nn administration has yet
been ablo lo get al the truth. Pome years
since the following was admitted by the
Archbishop to bo the value :
Real estate in town mid country
818,000,000
Churches, liousrs, convents, fur-
n it ure, jewvl, pivcluus vessels 32,000,000
bloating capital
"0 000 000 1
" 1 ' j
To,aI $90,000,000 I ...he govcrmn(,nl ,as vMiM a dl!(.rce
But it is fully believed this sum is not 'that nil vessi Is carrying immigrants loMcx
more than one quarter of the true amount, j ico shall be freo of tonnage luxes.
The Simmr Lendo d Tejjuda, who is now
at thu head of tho finances, asserts with
perfect confidence that the real properly of
ihe clergy is of tho value of f uin two hun
dred i. nil fifly lo three millions uf dollars.
In the city of Mexico, containing five thou
sand houses, worth eighty millions uf did
bus, the church owns one-half, and the in
come has been estimated by the Minister at
twenty millions of dullars. The estates in
mortmain alone, amount tn fifty millions of
dollars. Waddy Thompson, our former Mill
ister nt .Mexico, was of the opinion that one-
ijuarter of the w holocountry belonged lo the
priests. I he ouantny ol gold, silver, nim
'jewels in thu churches is great enough to
j pay the whole foreign and domestic debt. A
j single balustrade, about three hundred feet
long, m the cathedral ul tlio capital, is sup
posed to be worth a million of dollars,
Is it any wonder, then that tho people
of Mexico have been ouu of tho mo.st
wretched among eivili.ed nations ? What
would wo think bad we a religious body
auiun us owning oue-quui iui oi iiiu i til
led States, with a larger revenue than that
of the government, interfering in every po
litical movement, and exercising special
authority in all cases of deaths, marriages,
wills, education, crime of tho clergy, and
putting? tha cannon law before the civil nn
every possible occasion ? Suppo-e, too, the
power w hich claimed all ibis authority was
not only irresponsible to tha government
uctioi's with him. and avoid him as thc-y
would a leper what should we think of a
country where such things are permitted !
Vet this has been, until now, the condition
uf Mexico; and the struggle is not yet
over between Coinonfort and tho clergy.
Tiiey will not part with their ill-gotten
the church property,
1:1. .1.. ., I. ...i,l
and tne measure was
ikely to be adopted, ha was very soon up.
set by a counter-reflation exeii. 'i by me
clergy, Gen. Comonfirt must lake warn,
ing, an 1 lose no time m making his policy
irrevocable. The church property should
b? exposed of in moderate pate W and at
moderate prices, and as many proprietary
interests should be established as possible,
at once. In this way, the people, from mo-
.: r: . ..... . :.- , .1 :. . i .. ...11. I 1
I i t In in h.ofc at nurd una. u neu is r'nm'r i
-- ,,
through the same difficulties. 1'he church ,
there was inter dieted its religious r.ffl-jes to '
all those who take open part with the gov j
erumerit. This interference with a super-,
sti'ic-as race ii one of thj tnv-X drcadf il of
v its, mid the statesmen of Turin find them
selves gteatly embarrassed by this power
nil spiritual interposition of the clergy
In both cases, however, tho experiment
of liberation, if persisted in, will succeed.
1 Iio iniiitl, once emancipated, becomes en
dowed with itioro than moriul strength in
it opposition to priestly lyrauiiv.
Let tlios-o who seek models ill moments
so critical, read the history of the brave
Hollanders, w bo resisted for so many years,
amid seas of blood, the horrible tyranny of
tho bigoted Philip of J'l'Uin.
Among the plans which tlio government
of Mexico entertains for benefiting the
country, is one for establishing four colo-
lies uf emigrants on the line of road be
tween era Ciuz and J.dapu. The dtcree
of 10th uf May cutituitis the fullowing arti
cles :
Artielo 1. That there shall bo establish
ed in the territory on the sides of the road
between Vera Cruz und J.ilupa four colo.
nies on iho-u points where the Roil is most
fertile, I lie climate healthy and excellent,
and which purls the governor of ihe depart
ment will designate with tho approbation of
the Miprriuo gin eminent.
Article 2. The territory that shall be
designated for the four co'ouies, will be
1 occluded for the public t:ood. and the nro-
piielors who hold it now will be iiideiiiui
lied as is by the law established.
A 1 tide 3. For every colony lliero will be
destined 11,000 ucres, out of which 1.0U0
will bo reserved lor the place whero the fu
ture village or city shall stand, und 10,000
will be given for cultivation.
Aiticla 4. From every 1,000 that shall
be rrsrrvi d for the houses of the village of
tho colony, each colonist shall receive for
' his place'of residence twentv meters front
. . . . . r .. .
atiu one liuiiUieil length, to build upon.
Ariiclo 5. Tho 10,000 acres will ulso be
divided between tho colonists, so that every
emigrant shall receive for his use one huu-
died acres.
Ariiclo 0. For the first ihreo years tho
emigrant shall pay no duly whatever, or no
contributions of any kind. All emigrants
will bo permitted to introduce to tho colony,
free of duty, ull kinds of grain, field and
agricultural instruments, and whatever they
bring fur their personal use or for that uf
he place of their residence
Ollieesnro being established in New Yoik
Philadelphia, lloston and Baltimore, for the
purpose of assisting emigrants lo reach theso
colonics :-
Any person desiring to emigrate must
apply to the agent, and lie is immediately
taken to tho Mexican Consul, who gives him
a certificate on a printed letter of recom
mendation. This certificate heprcsenlson
his arrival al tho port of Vera Cruz, and
immediately receives a free passago to tho
place of his destination, lie has al.-o the
privilege of importing, freo of duty, ull ur
tides fur agricultural or personal use.
The best plan lo udopt in going lo Vera
I Cruz is to goby the regular line establish
led between New Yoik and Vera Ciur,
luhh-li li'!ll-n llirt h.rmnr inrt riunt lilit ntwl
i , . 1 . " , ."
make their passages m from fourteen to
i t .nl v il,ie-u
This liberal policy cannot bo too much
commended. If little North American em
igration is to be expected, Iiuly, Fiance and
licniinny will contribute largely.
Put one thing is certain. Unless the
secular power of tho church is entirely
I . l 1 I .. : I '
I oruKeu up in iwexico, n can never nope tor
stability. U e hope sincerely that the lib
era! party of the country will adhere in
flexibly to its present policy.
Vcace Address frin Vhltmletiihla to the
I'.ubIIsIi People.
Tho following is a copy of tho address
lately sent by the committee appointed al
a meeting uf the citizens of Philadelphia, in
reply lo the addresses of the citizens of
Manchester and Liverpool to the people of
tho United States :
Frikmus ami PttKTiinrjN We havn re
ceived with profound satisfaction tbelettir
addressed by you to the people of the Uni
ted States in relation to the difficulties ex
isting between the two countries. Thero
is not a sentiment or a word in that truly
fraternal address w hich w e do not make our
own. We fuel, as you do, that Englishmen
and Americans aro substantially one. No
two nations of equal extent aro now, or ever
have, been so closely bound toguther, No
two nations really independent of each
other ever had so many causes for being
at amity so few causes foraleniation even,
flinch less for war. Wo speak the saino
tongue, wo aro uf one faith, we aro of one
blood. For every feeling, interest, cus
tom, habit modo of thinking or acting in
which we are al variance, there nro hun
dreds, and those of a hundred fold weight
and importance, in w hich we are as one.
War between two such nations cannot
possibly seem moro horribla and utinaiur-
ial in your eyes Hum it
Joes In ours. Wo
de.,i re, therefore, to us
ussuro you, with nil
thu emphasis and solemnity which It Is
possible for words to give, that the govern
ment and people of the United States have
no desire to be at war, or even at feud with
Great Prituin.
It is fir this rea'ion that we have receiv
ed w ith such special satisfaction the de
monstrations of friendship and brotherhood
contained in your address, and we desire to
respond in the same spirit, without reserve
and with our whole hearts.
Our aims, our interests, our sentiments
of humanity, the principles of our religion
,. 11 i . i. . .. w ... .... .,,,:,.
all look to peace. War, with any na'ion,
and most of all with the poople of (jreat
Britain which would be war with our
own llr-sh and L ood is no uorcnl lo every
- - - . - i
cheri died sentiment or the American bean,
Friends and brethren, we farther. It
it our desire not only to avoid tho dreadful
extremity of war, but to live on terms of
the ma-t cor-iia! fricEl-h p with you. If
there isativonc seiiliineiil on which Ameri
cans are ull ul'i'iiii luiiid, it is the wish ex
pressed br our Minister. Mr. l)allu, that
b'twrentlie government and people of
('mat llrilain nud those of the United States
every cause of misunderstanding, and iili
it every shadow of tth niation und distrust.
should be nt once, and forever, banished.
Si, 'lied, ill bclinlfof the citizensof Phila
delphia, convened in publio meeting at die
Merchants' Kxehnnge, July 3, 18.'i(J.
JiicK.uiu VAfx, Mayor oU nun.
A.J. Lv.wis,
I'.PM'.'M) A. Sol'DER,
W)l, C. 1'iTTKItSO.V,
Jilll.N S. IIabr.
Moii his L IIalowei.l.
Insanity at Pii fkunt I'kkiups ok Like.
The London Lnuert say that to deter
mine thu period of life which furnishes tho
greatest number uf insane persons, it issuf
lie'ent tu biiug together ibn records, luudn
up under dilleretit circumstances. One of
them made nt thu Ititetre, France, where
poor men only are received ; another at tho
Sultpetricre, a hospital fur poor women
the third at an csliibliidiuiciil devoted to thu
wealthy. From theso reports it appears)
first, that ihi'iigo which furnishes the great.
t number of inane l-, for men, that from
thirty lo forty ; whilst fur women it is that
truiii lihy io sixty years ; second, mat tne
es which furnish ihu least are, fur both
sexes, childhood, youth, and advanced age;
third, that among women, insanity appear
curler than among men, indeed from twenty
nine to thirty years of ago j fourth, that
llie rich ure'u'lllicted, in comparison with
the lotul uumbur uf insane persons, in great
er proportion than the pour.
Taku a rayer fur jour Wife.
A friend, savs ail e.VchlUIL'e. tuld US a
- - --- - o.
story it. irla'ioii to one of our subtfcriutfr,
moral for husbands.
and also furnishes un example for wives
w Inch is nut unwoi tliy cd iiiiuauon unucr
similar circumstances:
Tlm iinlis!iiher referred to said it had
been his intention to call nt iho ollice, pay
ii- .. .i . .
p ins arrears, and uiscoiitiiiuo uiu pupvr.
. i . . .i .. - i i .
ills who very pronmuy uskcu ,
'Whv do vou intend to discontinue tho
paper 1
"llecause," said tlio husband, "I am so
much away I'iooi homo on business, and
havo so littlu lime lo read, thero seems lo
bo lit'lo use in my Inking thu paper."
"Yes," replied she, "ii may bo but lillla
uso lo yon, but it is of great use to me. I
remain at home whilo you nro gono. If
you discontinue the paper, 1 will go straight
to town and subscribe myself-"
I ,M ro II T A N T Tb L EO R A I' U IC I M F It O V KM B N T
prufi ssor Uiovatmi Cutolli, of Florence,
ha-: just mado a discovery which promises
to cast ull previous electro-telegraphic in
struments in Iho shade. Un has invented
an npnratiis by which the telegraphic wiro
...in ir.,,.,tt in une distaiicoun exact fat
simile of any writing or design, when mudu
to communicate with a similar apparatus
of tho other station. If this nccouni of this
extraordinary invention, which wo extract
from the Vorrkre Mercantile of Genoa, ba
true, the transmission of telegraphic dis.
patches by single lulters will bo entirely
suspended and tho origiual writing put
into the apparatus will bo produced in an
instant, with the signnturo of the correspou
deiH,as if written by hiinsulf.
Jtif Tho development of tho Russian
nnvv. interdicted in the liluok Sea, is to bo
carried out in tho Pacific. Tho Amoor,
Sitka, Ocholsk and I'etropaulowski havo
unth this vii.iv become tho spucial objects of
attention and euro on tho part of the lius.
sian admiiality. Numerous steamers win
bo built in tlm Whito Sen, tho Ualtio.on
tho Don, Pong and Dnieper, on tho Caspian
Sea, thu Lake of Aral, on tho Oxus und
.luxuries, whilu flotillas of screw gun-boats
aro to protect both llussiun iradu with Asiil
generally, and increase her influence as
well us power in rersia and lurau uiai
is, in Dukharu, China and Kukhaud.
Action of IIhat on Wathii Divested
of Am. An Knglish engineer directs at
tention lo some remarkablo points in con
nection wilh llie action of heat on water
that contains no air, stating that, arising
from this circumstance, as well as from tho
spheruidal conditiuli nf the steam generated
we have two very nctivo and predisposing
causes of boiler explosions. Water iu con
gelation, rejects ull air ; and if thus or oth
erwise deprived of air, il will not boil at
212 deg. Fuhrenheit, if excluded from tho
atmosphere. In ibis state, the temperaturo
will increase even to between 270 cleg, and
240 (leg.; about these points the wholo will
expludu like gunpowder. This condition
of water is not unfrequcntly found formed
in steamboilers, where, during ebullition,
the steam carries olFlhe air.
Lihriui.itv ok English Christians.
Tho receipts of ihe various benevolent so
cieties in F.nglatid fur the pasl year, as re.
ported at the recent anuiversaiies in Lon
don, wero 12,009. Although during
the year the nation was obliged to maku
gn at elfirts lo equip her armies and fleets,
yet every chiis-i:ui association has been
supported with incieased liberality.
jCS" The mail which left thu l'o.it Office
in San Francisco June C, to be carried on
binr l the (Soldi-n A'.-e, eon'ained 4(I,0.VJ
h lti rs, and over 40, On!) newspapers. Tho
mail numbered Iff 1igs, being nearly
fif.y percent, more than are ordinarily ucd
tedinpatth one of their eastern mails.
CCThe population of Cuba is estimated,
at the present time at about, 1,000,000.
Of these, fioO.OOO are wbitr, 750,000 slavn
black, and ab-mt 200,000 free black. I'.y a
royal order issued on the 12th of March,
1 S37, free colored people were prohibited
from lauding in Cuba on any pretense w hat
ever. jfiTTbe skeleton of a mastodon has beetl
discovered at New faunl'tlts, Tex.