AIiVKUTISINO UATKrt. One smiare (It! line or hsai une inuiriinn, $.14 " ' tWH insert;,, i, 4,111) thn-e iim-riium, fl,n Fueli ul,'iiriil iiiMirtion, I.H'I Reswiiolile ileduetions to tlinse who sdvertire by the yiar. Job Printing. Tiir rsorsiEms or tiik Alttil'S is lurrr In inform the public llmt he lias jiwt received large stork of dolt TVl'K nnd oilier new prim in- muteri.il, ami will ha in the speedy rreeiit of additions suited to nil die ri'iiii einriits of til lo cality. IIAMHtll.lJs, I'lilsTlillS, III.A.VKH, t'AUDS. ( lltt TI.AKS, I'A.MI'III.KT-WOKK and oilier kinds, done lo urder, un short notice. Office-Good's Building, Main st. rial Room in first story. EJito TERMS Tilt A ao us vill be furnithed at thru Uulluil ana lijly tenli fir annum, la mi nil mhimlimThret IMIari inch to cluhtof Itn at am ojlict. A "Weekly Newspaper, devoted to the lYhieijilcs of JiHiTsoniaa Deinocniey, and ndvoeatinjj tho fide of Truth in every issue. f3f" Two Dullan fur lix month! So luhicrip Hum rtctiitd for a !" period. fjf A 'a paper ditcontinurd until alt arrtnragei Vol. II. OltEGOX CITY, O.T., SEPTJSMIlEll 27, 18 5 0. No. LM an paid, unl'U at tut option oj tut pubUihrr. THE OREGON AMiUS. H'SUSIIKO rVKRV SATCRUAV MOSSISII, BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS. Daw. Ill Idle gik( I mt in J sighed, Willi folded limiJs fur love and light I But darkness brno led far and wide, And sileiics sealed Ilia 1 1 uf ttiyht. And alill, an bluckiiem chsngeJ lo gray, And atur by slur diad out above, 1 wept my foolish heart sway, And feebly sighed fur Ihjht and love, But when the Alcliyniist on li'gh Flashed into gold eu:li rudJy streak, A new-born brecje, careering by, Leaped tip and kissed me on the cheek Then came a murmur from the plsvn, And music from the waving grove, And Earth to happy tuil ag.iin Awuke with praise fur li Jit and lure. "I take it for a sign," I said, And rune like Lazarus fmm hii grave "Leave folded hands unto tlio dead, Lea re t'ghiiig to the galley-sliive; For nil the sighs from all the lands, And nil the tcure that men can weep, Could waft no love to folded hands, Could ruin no light on w.lful sleep. "For, never lumbering, to the morn Earth's earnest eyes fur ever move j And from her million in are homo No idle siglis for liyhl und love. Butlsbur, luhorsluys the ni; III, And speeds tho Day CJud'a chatiol wheels; Labor, love-given, fathers li0dit j And light to labor love reveals." Then, gathering up my newest s'ghs, 1 nhuped llierefmin a bark of air; With the lint offering" of my eyea 1 freighted it, and culled it "Frayer.1' Its au la were set, ita mast were strong, Well found in airy bolt und bur j I watched it at it surged along, And hid b.hiud tho morning slur. And, as I turned with Lrmer trend Across the barren niouiituiu aide, JHelhought no ne whisper sflly suid "Go, lubai lliou, whute'er betide ; Go, luhur thuu, and be content ! Thy little bulk, liko Xouli's dove, Shall seek thee when the day Is Sieiit, Deep-ludcn, then, w ill Unlit and love.'' Ihutelwld W'ordt. Report of Hie Partite Itath'oail Committee. Tho fallowinje i-i a copy of the Rcjiort of the Pacific Railroad Committee, which was to liavo been presented to tho Homo of Uepreseutativrs on Monday, July 21st : Tho select committee tu which was re ferred the bill to provide fur the establish ment of a railroad ami teh graph com tu u n i -cation between the Atlantic States mid the Pacific Ocean, and fur other purposes, beg leave to make the following report: Tli.. ..nn.fttil i u-hii-li nvilu fi i i ..(met runt . ing lines of ruilroad and telegraph commu nication between the Atlantic und Pacific const is no longer a question for argument. It is conceded by every one, thai, in order to maintain our present position on the Pa ciliic, we must have some more speedy and direct means of intcrconrso than is nt pre sent, aflbrdod by the route through the possessions of a foreign power. The iinporiuncc ofottr Pacific possessions is fell in every pursuit ami in every rela tion of life. The gold of California has furnished tho merchant and trader with a capital by which enterprises have been iijdHoi tuUeii and accomplished, w hich were .bufire deemed impracticable. Our com. ,inercial marine has been neatly doubled -since 1843 j internal improvements have ibeen pushed forward with astonishing ra pidity j the value of every kind of property has been doubled, and tho evidences of "frflWr'ly Bl"' nle cverywdicrn t0 ue seeii"" 3 ?ccilr'ty H,,tl pro'ectionof that rfoimtw from w''nU liavc emanated neatly ull those liafae.-fy u ' of JC1. .importance. That .can accomplished ouly by direct and easy communications through our own territory. Kailroads will effect this. At present, we are forcod to Tesort to a very circuitous route hy sea, .through the tropics, mis' across tha ce.nll snent at a must sickly poiut in tue torrto aone. Should a war 'break out between ourcuuntry and any oilier maratiuio power, or huld difficulty arise with one of the petty Spanish American States through which these routes lie, our communication would to intercepted, and the unity ofeur confederacy would be actually broken up. Looking to these facts alone to secure the construction of these lines of communi cation, has given thetn such importance as lias never attached to any work of internal improvements since the time when, during President Jefferson's administration, it was thought necessary to connect the states ly ing on the Atlantic seaboard with the States lying in the valley of the Mississippi, 'by means of Mads across the Alleghany mountains. lnsifrnifTicint ai the undertaking of the 'building of a wagon road across the Al Oeghanies may appear now, the proposition was then deemed exceedingly difficult, and occupied quite as much of tha public at tention a the Pacific railroad does at the present time. The States were then sepe. rated only by tfce mountain range of trie Alleghanies;bat tho western country was so remote and access to it so difficult, that the construction of a ro.id was considered . absolutely necessary, and sufficient to au- thorizd the earnest attention of Congress. Tha people of the western frontier were at that time exposed to the incursions of the Iudians. Tha country was exceedingly fertile; but the markets were so distant that the produclion was an incumbrance rather than a profit to the farmer ; and vast tracts of rich agricultural land were anrT.-ttiil remain an unbroken waste. Tho action of the government attracted public attention and awakened private . enterprise. Canals were projected, and then followed railroads, until every prtofthat country which was but a few years ago called the -'Far West," has ben brought wtihin three or four dys' commn ivi.;o3 with the ci'ii;! oa the aeaaoar!, giving a new impulse to commerce, inurens-1 ii"ceary to maintain there, would exceed J resolution havo tjiukeii with a concurring ing the vuluo of property, and relieving -'0,0Uli,uliU ; an J to mniiiiaiii (roups and . voice ; and recnt npresi ntaiivo eoiiveti the frontiers from nil the dangers of u In s- curry on defensive operations under thor lions of tho I ).-moeralic party tit Thilii'M tilo fie. No better example can be given 'cireumaunces, I lie expense- per man would phia, have, with mn-.t remarkablo tin an int. of tlm benefit resulting f'ruin the construe-j bi six times greater limn it is now : the' ity und nuphais, divhired the will of lie lion of ruilrundslo both publio and piivalo l.ind traiisiiiution of each field twi lie-! people on this auhj.ct ill tvaoluliolis intend property than that of tho Illinois Central ' poumler, with a due supply of nmmuuiiioii : vd for our instruction. Kuilrond. tin tha line of that roa I tho for one year, would cost $2,!i00 ; i.f each " I-1 The tvi itteo havn deemed it their du- public lands hud been olfi-red for sale many pounder and aiumuuitioii, fc'J.OuO; und ofj ty to give ell'ect to this giiiiul w ish, mid years without finding a piuclias, r, mid : a sea cast gnn and nminunitiun, 12,0u0. j have examined, with ninth care, the vai l were nt last reduced to tha lowest minimum j '1'ho transportation uf atiiiiiunitioii for a ous plans w hich have, from time to time, price, twelve ami a half cents pr acre ; year fur 1,1100 a coast guns uouM cost been proposed. The) have lh"iight t.rnp. and oven this reduction wus not sufficient . 10.0(IO.(lt)U. Uut the exnensu of tutus. ! er li, chaniM tlio nrovii-ions of the bill ro- to inducts their sale. ftut when, nftur government had given away ouu half to usit in building the road, the other half was reauity soni lor lo uoiiara 11110 uiiy cents per acre, bimilar results havo fol. lowed the buililing of nearly every other railroad in the country, al' hough in many instances, as in this, the roads came in di rect competition w ith river and canal trans, purlatinu. A railioad across tlm continent would open up a vast extent of country to settlement ; and much of what is now be- lieved to bo sterile and barren, will, no doubt, asm Lalihjrnin, bo found lo yield 1. .. . - c 11.. . . .1 . ...1 ; . uuuiiiiiuny 10 mo ngricunurisi. lheso lands are now totally without val- tie, no matter how fertile they may be, and lo the Government worthless. diving away ouu hall lor the construction otitic proposed roads will thereby attach value lu tho remainder, and whatever that value mav bu, will be the amount the govern ment is gaining by the transaction. Your committee have not thought proper to step ii'idu from tha long established system o!' tho (jiovernment in granting lands to aid in the construction uf tho railroads under consideration, except incidentally on the payment for the transportation ol troops, munitions of war, and for carrying the mail : at tho same lime, thev have eudenv- ored to extend to every portion of the couu- try nn cfpial share of tho henifits to be derived from it. Every part of die country fruin Lake bupenor lo the titill ol .Mexico is brought in direct contact with one or the other of the proposed roads ; and from the western frontiers of the states lying wesl of the Missouri, connections aro easily mad'i with rotids already completed to llie cities on tho Atlantic seaboard. Py thus combining till iho great interests of the country, atiihVt husbicnntndo lo ullay sectional jealuusies, and bind together more firmly every part of the country. Ihe p titer ol granting lands, ortnepro- ceeds thereof, for Ihe purposu of internal improvement, und lo lueiuaso tho value of publio propei ty, was early adopd d by our L'overnmcnt. I'r tho act of April 30, 1W, "ono twentieth of the nett proceeds of the sale of tho public lands lying in I lie SlaloofOhio was set apart to be applied ) Iho hiving out and making publio roads ; leading from the navigable waters empty inir into tho Atlantic to the Ohio, to ihe said S ate, and through the same;" such roads to be laid out "under the nulhor. lyof Congress, with thu consent of the several States through which tho road.. all pass." liv tho net of May 1, 1302, it is provided "that it shall and may be law ful for the Secretary of iho Treasury to cause to be reviewed, marked and open- d such roads in the territory northwest ol the Ohio as in his opinion may best serve to promote the sales of llie publio lands in luture. ' liotli these acts were approveu hv Mr. Jefferson, and form the basis on which all similar acts have been predicated. Every LCxeeutivo since that time has ap proved of similar acts, and the only change made was in the manner of making the grunts ; the lands having been given instead f the nett proceeds ol iho sales tliereoi. file plan thus proposed precludes the neces- ny of entering into nn estimate ot tne expenses Id be incurred in the construction f any of tho proposed roads; not does it matter how nvinv of thu roads are thus au thorized lo be constructed. If built, they ill open a vasi extent of country to settle ment, and thus the government ann llie people would bo materially benefitted. If the road should not be built within the time specified, tho lands revert tu tho gov ernment, and the parties tako nothing by tr.fl grant. rSolhmg is given without a corresponding benefit to accrue. As a means'oi' military defence, the Secretary of War, in his hist annual report, has placed this measure i.i such strong point that your committee thought proper lo make the following extract. Alluding to our Pa cific possessions, be saye.s : "This territory is not more remote from tho principal European States than from those pons of our own country whence it would derive its military supplies, and snme of those States have colonies and pos sessions on the Pacific which would greatly facilitate their operations against it. With theso advantages, and those w hich the at tacking force always has, of choice of time and place, an enemy possessing a consid- crable military marine couiu. sun com pa'ratively little cost to himself, subject us j to enormous expenses, in rriving to our Pa-! cific frontier that protection which it is the duty ef the general government to anora In tho first rears of a war with any "reat , maritimenowcr. the communication bv sea ' could not be relied upon for the transporta-, r-raey, political, commercial, and social, the j wealth without a struifgl". When the pa tion of supplies from the Atlantic to the ' prosperity of which essentially contributes triotic Gomez Farias, in H34, during hi. Pacific States. Our naval peace establish-1 lo the common d-fmise. Of these it is not brief Presidency, proposed the sei.u e uf ment would not furnish adequate Convoys .'. .. . ' Fir lh number ot B'ore.s nns w ncn It, svntihl be necessary to emnlov. and store- ships alone laden with supplies could not ! undertake a voyage of twenty thousand miles, passing numerous neutral ports, ; where an enemy's armed vessels, even of the smallest size, might lie in wait to in-1 tercent them. Tl,o lv linB nf communication, then, would be overland ; and by this it would be ; rnittee have ben briefly sugop-sien, oui we uvesoi iir.'-iesi., u nouon, lis--, ...,ui . i.i.m impracticable, with any means heretofore do not deem it necessary to enter upon an by the government in the struggle for fn ....a . f...:i, iU rr,,ini f siinnlio. ra. .v.nrlofl a i-.fnmt.nl intlinw either the con- the emancipation from church oppress! in. J . . r .1 i e e .1. . r..-:c t .: QUTed tor lue. Oetnce ui mo mciuc iiwiiuci, It the present prices over the best part of this tofc th experts fir bnd tranpor-' tition alo'.e for the annual s-jpply of pro-1 visions cbthin" camp equips?, end am- maait:on V "c'h a nnr as it wooH Is j portation would be vastly increased byaf rred lo them very nm'eiially, preferring . war ; mid at tho rates that were paid on the to tmiku the grant directly in compatih s . northern frontier during the lnt war vtilh uri-ni uriiaiii, inu uoovu t-siiui.-iiu wuuiu j be treble d. I ho tune required for llie overlunu j , unify would be liom lour lo six ni'iulhs. In point ol lact, however, suppliis fur such an tinny could not be transported uomss the continent. On the arid Hud barren belts to he crossed, the limited tiuiititii s of water and grni-s would soon be exhausted by the numerous draught ; animals required for heavy trains, and over such distances furngo tould nut be : .1 t - .1 ...1. : carrieu lor meir siioiMi-uee. (.in tho other Hand the enemy would semi ! out his supplies ut from one-seventh tf one-twentieth the above rates, and 111 less time perhaps in une -fourth tho turn if true place among tho nations of the earth ; he tould obtain coiumaiid uf tlio iilhmu ' and, indeed, it is high time thai Ibis most routes. j beautiful, fertile and rich uf'couiitrius should Any reliance, then-fore, upon furnishing realize a sense of its dignity, and ciimnci that part of uur frontier with means of , pal jis,.f f10m i;10 foil.,-,, 0f ignorance, defense fioin tho Atlantic and interior I superstition and venality, with which it States, after tho commencement of liutil-' h:ls been so long enchained. ilies, would bu vain, and the next resource would bo to accumulate there such amount of stores and supplies as w ould suffice du- ling the continuance of the content, or until tii..- i .... i. . we could obtain command id tlio sea. As. signing but a moderate limit to this period I he expense womd yet bo enormous. 1 he . foitilieu'ioi.s, depots, and slorelicusvs, would necessarily be 011 the largest stub', and i lit cost ol placing supplies tnero tor nve years wuuld uiiiounl to nearly one hundred millions of dollars. In many respects, the cost during peace would ba equivalent to that during war. The perishable character uf many articles would render it perhaps impracticable to put provisions in itejiot lor sucii a Mum ol time : and us any ease, tliere woiil 1 be ue tcrioi'atio'.i amounting lo sumo milliuiis of dollars per year, These considerations, nnd others of a , strictlv millitarv character, came Iho do purtnielil to examine w ith interest all proj ects promising the accomplishment of a railroad communication between the navi gable waters of thu Mississippi and those of the Pacific ocean. As military operations' depend in a greater degree upon rapidity ami certainty ol movement lliun upon any oilier circumstance, tlio iiiiruuuciion ol railway transportation has greatly improv ed the means of defending our Atlantic and inland frontiers; and to givo us sense of security from attack upon tho most exposed portion of our territory, it is rentiisito that the facility of railroad transportation should bo extended to tho Pacilio coast. Were such a road completed, our Pacific coast, instead of being further removed in time, and less accessible lo us than to un enemy, would bu brought wiihin a few days of easy communication ; und iho cost of sup plying an army there, instead of beint; many times greater to us than to him, would be about equal. We Would bo re lieved of the necessity of accumulating larger supplies on that cn.ise, to waste, per haps, through long years of peace; and we could feel entire confidence that, let war cmno when and with whom it may, before a hostile expedition could reach that expos. ' ed frontier, an ample force could be placed . thereto repel nny attempt at invasion From the results of the surveys author, ized bv Congress, we dciivunt hast tho assurance that Iho work is practicable ; and I may dismiss the apprehensions which, pre- viously, we could not but entertain as to the possibility of defending our Pacilio ter- ntory through a long war W illi a pow eriul inaraliine enemy. The judgment w hich mny he formed as to the prospect of its completion, must con- trul our future plans for tlio military do- fence of that Ironlier; and nny plan lor tho purpose which should leave tliut con sider.nion outol view, would be as imp-r-fect as if it should disregard ull those other resources with which commerce and art aid the operations of armies. Whether we shall depend on private capital and enterprise alone for thu early establishment of railroad communication, or shall promote its construction by such aid ns the Generul Government may con- stilutionally giv; whether wo shall rely ! under which it existed, but should bo able un the continuance of peace until tlio in- to cut o,T, by interdict, any obnoxious in crease of population and resources of the ; dividuul, by church discipline, from any Pacific States render thein independent of j intercourse with his fellows, und that lliey aid from those of the Atlantic slope and Mis- could be mads to shun him, hive no truns. sissippi vallev, or whether we shall adopt the extensive system of defence ubove re- fered io, are questions of public policy which belong to Congress lr decide. I Rcyoud tho dinct fcinj loyment of such a ' road for mililory purposes, it has other re-1 lations te the great interests of our coiifed-! my purpose to treat, further than lo point . , i i -. ..i.:.i.:.. i.i to llie a'lullionai resources kuicii u nuuiu develope. and the mcreese of population which must attend upon giving such facili-' ty of Communication to a country so tempt- ing to enterprise, much of which having most valuable products, is beyond reach uf market." i Some of the considerations which bear nnon the nuestions submitted to the rom- 1 . ... ii. ..:....: I . f n ... in ;d in siiuiiuim' jiowei oi uun-i ... construction of the r r-posed roads, or its duty to exercise that power. I he public mind has already formed its judgment on both these points ; tha public pfr, populnr a.cn;b!ie and lgMat:v ' j whoso inteiivw are well established, mid iinny 10 givu iii.suiuueu uiai uiey win press the w ni l; lot waul to completion ul tiio cuiliost tlay possible. I'niiii the New Vo.k UerulJ. Mexico as U Was and Is. The high und patriotic posi'ion taken by (iell. C'oiiiolifort in the conduct of his gov criimc.it, givi s tho siucerest pleasure to the Inends ol liberty 111 the Lmted States. Tho heartv suiiimrt ho rein ives fiom the 1 . '. ! people al home, is ulso a stit ject ol congtut- u titioti. ai:d t is easv to ticrccim lliul if thu 8tate of ihiugs can bo maintained lor : a Vl,ur r t0 .Mexico will at last lake her Tho difficulties which have hitherto proved si s.-riotis nn obstruction to the on ward luii'ress of that State, nru to bu til ; iribuled euliiely to the overwhelming puw - .. . .... J . . " . lTof the Church. Never was there such uu imprriimi in in ver'w as this. The l'o eminent which weic not pleasing to the j priests had no stability. YVhuu there were itt0 parties contending fur the supremacy, whichever Hie Church ititluicd to succeed- , cd The Archbishop, w ith nine b'shops tin dcr him, all having cubed mis and chapters, except iho prelate of Sonora with 165 : prebendaries and canuiuies, 1,200 parishes, and a r. gi.lar and secular clergy amount- nig (0 10,000 persons, was no incousidcra- ble personage. Of tho regular clergy, Sp uOO reside ill the capital, and the orders of iho Dominicans, Franciscans, Carnitines, and Merecdai iiins possess 1.10 convents. The salary of the Archbishop is SIMO.OOO per nnutim, that of the Pishop of l'uebla was 1 10,000. The remaining bishops reccivo altogether about 5-JOO,000 more. It lias been extremely dillicull to ascertain the real value of the general propi rty of the church. Nn administration has yet been ablo lo get al the truth. Pome years since the following was admitted by the Archbishop to bo the value : Real estate in town mid country 818,000,000 Churches, liousrs, convents, fur- n it ure, jewvl, pivcluus vessels 32,000,000 bloating capital "0 000 000 1 " 1 ' j To,aI $90,000,000 I ...he govcrmn(,nl ,as vMiM a dl!(.rce But it is fully believed this sum is not 'that nil vessi Is carrying immigrants loMcx more than one quarter of the true amount, j ico shall be freo of tonnage luxes. The Simmr Lendo d Tejjuda, who is now at thu head of tho finances, asserts with perfect confidence that the real properly of ihe clergy is of tho value of f uin two hun dred i. nil fifly lo three millions uf dollars. In the city of Mexico, containing five thou sand houses, worth eighty millions uf did bus, the church owns one-half, and the in come has been estimated by the Minister at twenty millions of dullars. The estates in mortmain alone, amount tn fifty millions of dollars. Waddy Thompson, our former Mill ister nt .Mexico, was of the opinion that one- ijuarter of the w holocountry belonged lo the priests. I he ouantny ol gold, silver, nim 'jewels in thu churches is great enough to j pay the whole foreign and domestic debt. A j single balustrade, about three hundred feet long, m the cathedral ul tlio capital, is sup posed to be worth a million of dollars, Is it any wonder, then that tho people of Mexico have been ouu of tho mo.st wretched among eivili.ed nations ? What would wo think bad we a religious body auiun us owning oue-quui iui oi iiiu i til led States, with a larger revenue than that of the government, interfering in every po litical movement, and exercising special authority in all cases of deaths, marriages, wills, education, crime of tho clergy, and putting? tha cannon law before the civil nn every possible occasion ? Suppo-e, too, the power w hich claimed all ibis authority was not only irresponsible to tha government uctioi's with him. and avoid him as thc-y would a leper what should we think of a country where such things are permitted ! Vet this has been, until now, the condition uf Mexico; and the struggle is not yet over between Coinonfort and tho clergy. Tiiey will not part with their ill-gotten the church property, 1:1. .1.. ., I. ...i,l and tne measure was ikely to be adopted, ha was very soon up. set by a counter-reflation exeii. 'i by me clergy, Gen. Comonfirt must lake warn, ing, an 1 lose no time m making his policy irrevocable. The church property should b? exposed of in moderate pate W and at moderate prices, and as many proprietary interests should be established as possible, at once. In this way, the people, from mo- .: r: . ..... . :.- , .1 :. . i .. ...11. I 1 I i t In in h.ofc at nurd una. u neu is r'nm'r i -- ,, through the same difficulties. 1'he church , there was inter dieted its religious r.ffl-jes to ' all those who take open part with the gov j erumerit. This interference with a super-, sti'ic-as race ii one of thj tnv-X drcadf il of v its, mid the statesmen of Turin find them selves gteatly embarrassed by this power nil spiritual interposition of the clergy In both cases, however, tho experiment of liberation, if persisted in, will succeed. 1 Iio iniiitl, once emancipated, becomes en dowed with itioro than moriul strength in it opposition to priestly lyrauiiv. Let tlios-o who seek models ill moments so critical, read the history of the brave Hollanders, w bo resisted for so many years, amid seas of blood, the horrible tyranny of tho bigoted Philip of J'l'Uin. Among the plans which tlio government of Mexico entertains for benefiting the country, is one for establishing four colo- lies uf emigrants on the line of road be tween era Ciuz and J.dapu. The dtcree of 10th uf May cutituitis the fullowing arti cles : Artielo 1. That there shall bo establish ed in the territory on the sides of the road between Vera Cruz und J.ilupa four colo. nies on iho-u points where the Roil is most fertile, I lie climate healthy and excellent, and which purls the governor of ihe depart ment will designate with tho approbation of the Miprriuo gin eminent. Article 2. The territory that shall be designated for the four co'ouies, will be 1 occluded for the public t:ood. and the nro- piielors who hold it now will be iiideiiiui lied as is by the law established. A 1 tide 3. For every colony lliero will be destined 11,000 ucres, out of which 1.0U0 will bo reserved lor the place whero the fu ture village or city shall stand, und 10,000 will be given for cultivation. Aiticla 4. From every 1,000 that shall be rrsrrvi d for the houses of the village of tho colony, each colonist shall receive for ' his place'of residence twentv meters front . . . . . r .. . atiu one liuiiUieil length, to build upon. Ariiclo 5. Tho 10,000 acres will ulso be divided between tho colonists, so that every emigrant shall receive for his use one huu- died acres. Ariiclo 0. For the first ihreo years tho emigrant shall pay no duly whatever, or no contributions of any kind. All emigrants will bo permitted to introduce to tho colony, free of duty, ull kinds of grain, field and agricultural instruments, and whatever they bring fur their personal use or for that uf he place of their residence Ollieesnro being established in New Yoik Philadelphia, lloston and Baltimore, for the purpose of assisting emigrants lo reach theso colonics :- Any person desiring to emigrate must apply to the agent, and lie is immediately taken to tho Mexican Consul, who gives him a certificate on a printed letter of recom mendation. This certificate heprcsenlson his arrival al tho port of Vera Cruz, and immediately receives a free passago to tho place of his destination, lie has al.-o the privilege of importing, freo of duty, ull ur tides fur agricultural or personal use. The best plan lo udopt in going lo Vera I Cruz is to goby the regular line establish led between New Yoik and Vera Ciur, luhh-li li'!ll-n llirt h.rmnr inrt riunt lilit ntwl i , . 1 . " , ." make their passages m from fourteen to i t .nl v il,ie-u This liberal policy cannot bo too much commended. If little North American em igration is to be expected, Iiuly, Fiance and licniinny will contribute largely. Put one thing is certain. Unless the secular power of tho church is entirely I . l 1 I .. : I ' I oruKeu up in iwexico, n can never nope tor stability. U e hope sincerely that the lib era! party of the country will adhere in flexibly to its present policy. Vcace Address frin Vhltmletiihla to the I'.ubIIsIi People. Tho following is a copy of tho address lately sent by the committee appointed al a meeting uf the citizens of Philadelphia, in reply lo the addresses of the citizens of Manchester and Liverpool to the people of tho United States : Frikmus ami PttKTiinrjN We havn re ceived with profound satisfaction tbelettir addressed by you to the people of the Uni ted States in relation to the difficulties ex isting between the two countries. Thero is not a sentiment or a word in that truly fraternal address w hich w e do not make our own. We fuel, as you do, that Englishmen and Americans aro substantially one. No two nations of equal extent aro now, or ever have, been so closely bound toguther, No two nations really independent of each other ever had so many causes for being at amity so few causes foraleniation even, flinch less for war. Wo speak the saino tongue, wo aro uf one faith, we aro of one blood. For every feeling, interest, cus tom, habit modo of thinking or acting in which we are al variance, there nro hun dreds, and those of a hundred fold weight and importance, in w hich we are as one. War between two such nations cannot possibly seem moro horribla and utinaiur- ial in your eyes Hum it Joes In ours. Wo de.,i re, therefore, to us ussuro you, with nil thu emphasis and solemnity which It Is possible for words to give, that the govern ment and people of the United States have no desire to be at war, or even at feud with Great Prituin. It is fir this rea'ion that we have receiv ed w ith such special satisfaction the de monstrations of friendship and brotherhood contained in your address, and we desire to respond in the same spirit, without reserve and with our whole hearts. Our aims, our interests, our sentiments of humanity, the principles of our religion ,. 11 i . i. . .. w ... .... .,,,:,. all look to peace. War, with any na'ion, and most of all with the poople of (jreat Britain which would be war with our own llr-sh and L ood is no uorcnl lo every - - - . - i cheri died sentiment or the American bean, Friends and brethren, we farther. It it our desire not only to avoid tho dreadful extremity of war, but to live on terms of the ma-t cor-iia! fricEl-h p with you. If there isativonc seiiliineiil on which Ameri cans are ull ul'i'iiii luiiid, it is the wish ex pressed br our Minister. Mr. l)allu, that b'twrentlie government and people of ('mat llrilain nud those of the United States every cause of misunderstanding, and iili it every shadow of tth niation und distrust. should be nt once, and forever, banished. Si, 'lied, ill bclinlfof the citizensof Phila delphia, convened in publio meeting at die Merchants' Kxehnnge, July 3, 18.'i(J. JiicK.uiu VAfx, Mayor oU nun. A.J. Lv.wis, I'.PM'.'M) A. Sol'DER, W)l, C. 1'iTTKItSO.V, Jilll.N S. IIabr. Moii his L IIalowei.l. Insanity at Pii fkunt I'kkiups ok Like. The London Lnuert say that to deter mine thu period of life which furnishes tho greatest number uf insane persons, it issuf lie'ent tu biiug together ibn records, luudn up under dilleretit circumstances. One of them made nt thu Ititetre, France, where poor men only are received ; another at tho Sultpetricre, a hospital fur poor women the third at an csliibliidiuiciil devoted to thu wealthy. From theso reports it appears) first, that ihi'iigo which furnishes the great. t number of inane l-, for men, that from thirty lo forty ; whilst fur women it is that truiii lihy io sixty years ; second, mat tne es which furnish ihu least are, fur both sexes, childhood, youth, and advanced age; third, that among women, insanity appear curler than among men, indeed from twenty nine to thirty years of ago j fourth, that llie rich ure'u'lllicted, in comparison with the lotul uumbur uf insane persons, in great er proportion than the pour. Taku a rayer fur jour Wife. A friend, savs ail e.VchlUIL'e. tuld US a - - --- - o. story it. irla'ioii to one of our subtfcriutfr, moral for husbands. and also furnishes un example for wives w Inch is nut unwoi tliy cd iiiiuauon unucr similar circumstances: Tlm iinlis!iiher referred to said it had been his intention to call nt iho ollice, pay ii- .. .i . . p ins arrears, and uiscoiitiiiuo uiu pupvr. . i . . .i .. - i i . ills who very pronmuy uskcu , 'Whv do vou intend to discontinue tho paper 1 "llecause," said tlio husband, "I am so much away I'iooi homo on business, and havo so littlu lime lo read, thero seems lo bo lit'lo use in my Inking thu paper." "Yes," replied she, "ii may bo but lillla uso lo yon, but it is of great use to me. I remain at home whilo you nro gono. If you discontinue the paper, 1 will go straight to town and subscribe myself-" I ,M ro II T A N T Tb L EO R A I' U IC I M F It O V KM B N T prufi ssor Uiovatmi Cutolli, of Florence, ha-: just mado a discovery which promises to cast ull previous electro-telegraphic in struments in Iho shade. Un has invented an npnratiis by which the telegraphic wiro ...in ir.,,.,tt in une distaiicoun exact fat simile of any writing or design, when mudu to communicate with a similar apparatus of tho other station. If this nccouni of this extraordinary invention, which wo extract from the Vorrkre Mercantile of Genoa, ba true, the transmission of telegraphic dis. patches by single lulters will bo entirely suspended and tho origiual writing put into the apparatus will bo produced in an instant, with the signnturo of the correspou deiH,as if written by hiinsulf. Jtif Tho development of tho Russian nnvv. interdicted in the liluok Sea, is to bo carried out in tho Pacific. Tho Amoor, Sitka, Ocholsk and I'etropaulowski havo unth this vii.iv become tho spucial objects of attention and euro on tho part of the lius. sian admiiality. Numerous steamers win bo built in tlm Whito Sen, tho Ualtio.on tho Don, Pong and Dnieper, on tho Caspian Sea, thu Lake of Aral, on tho Oxus und .luxuries, whilu flotillas of screw gun-boats aro to protect both llussiun iradu with Asiil generally, and increase her influence as well us power in rersia and lurau uiai is, in Dukharu, China and Kukhaud. Action of IIhat on Wathii Divested of Am. An Knglish engineer directs at tention lo some remarkablo points in con nection wilh llie action of heat on water that contains no air, stating that, arising from this circumstance, as well as from tho spheruidal conditiuli nf the steam generated we have two very nctivo and predisposing causes of boiler explosions. Water iu con gelation, rejects ull air ; and if thus or oth erwise deprived of air, il will not boil at 212 deg. Fuhrenheit, if excluded from tho atmosphere. In ibis state, the temperaturo will increase even to between 270 cleg, and 240 (leg.; about these points the wholo will expludu like gunpowder. This condition of water is not unfrequcntly found formed in steamboilers, where, during ebullition, the steam carries olFlhe air. Lihriui.itv ok English Christians. Tho receipts of ihe various benevolent so cieties in F.nglatid fur the pasl year, as re. ported at the recent anuiversaiies in Lon don, wero 12,009. Although during the year the nation was obliged to maku gn at elfirts lo equip her armies and fleets, yet every chiis-i:ui association has been supported with incieased liberality. jCS" The mail which left thu l'o.it Office in San Francisco June C, to be carried on binr l the (Soldi-n A'.-e, eon'ained 4(I,0.VJ h lti rs, and over 40, On!) newspapers. Tho mail numbered Iff 1igs, being nearly fif.y percent, more than are ordinarily ucd tedinpatth one of their eastern mails. CCThe population of Cuba is estimated, at the present time at about, 1,000,000. Of these, fioO.OOO are wbitr, 750,000 slavn black, and ab-mt 200,000 free black. I'.y a royal order issued on the 12th of March, 1 S37, free colored people were prohibited from lauding in Cuba on any pretense w hat ever. jfiTTbe skeleton of a mastodon has beetl discovered at New faunl'tlts, Tex.