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About The daily Astorian. (Astoria, Or.) 1961-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 2018)
7A THE DAILY ASTORIAN • THURSDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2018 Paris riots over fuel taxes dim hopes for climate fight Washington state voters handily defeated a carbon tax in November By SETH BORENSTEIN and ANGELA CHARLTON Associated Press PARIS — The “yellow vests” in France are worrying greens around the world. The worst riots in Paris in decades were sparked by higher fuel taxes, and French Pres- ident Emmanuel Macron responded by scrap- ping them Wednesday. But taxes on fossil fuels are just what international climate negotiators, meeting in Poland this week, say are desper- ately needed to help wean the world off of fos- sil fuels and slow climate change. “The events of the last few days in Paris have made me regard the challenges as even greater than I thought earlier,” said Stanford University environmental economist Law- rence Goulder, author of the book “Confront- ing the Climate Challenge.” Economists, policymakers and politicians have long said the best way to fight climate change is to put a higher price on the fuels that are causing it — gasoline, diesel, coal and nat- ural gas. Taxing fuels and electricity could help pay for the damage they cause, encourage peo- ple to use less, and make it easier for cleaner alternatives and fuel-saving technologies to compete. These so-called carbon taxes are expected to be a major part of pushing the world to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and try to prevent runaway climate change that econo- mists say would be far more expensive over the long term than paying more for energy in the short term. But it’s not so easy for people to think about long-term, global problems when they are struggling to get by. Macron said the higher tax was his way of trying to prevent the end of the world. But the yellow vest protesters turned that around with the slogan: “it’s hard to talk about the end of the world while we are talking about the end of the month.” The resistance to the fuel tax is a personal blow to Macron, who sees himself as the guar- antor of the 2015 Paris climate accord, its strongest defender on the global stage. He has positioned himself as the anti-Trump when it comes to climate issues. The French government quietly fears a Trump-led backlash against the accord could spread to other major economies whose com- mitment is essential to keeping the deal together. The fuel tax was not originally Macron’s idea; it dates back to previous administra- tions. But he vigorously defended it and won the presidency in part on a promise to fight cli- mate change. AP Photo/David Vincent Demonstrators stand at a makeshift barricade set up by the ‘yellow vest’ protesters to block the entrance of a fuel depot in Le Mans, western France. So what went wrong? Yale University economist William Nor- dhaus, who won this year’s Nobel prize for economics, said the tax was poorly designed and was delivered by the wrong person. “If you want to make energy taxes unpopular, step one is to be an unpopular leader,” he said. “Step two is to use gasoline taxes and call them carbon taxes. This is hard enough without adding poor design.” Macron, like French presidents before him, made environmental and energy deci- sions without explaining to the public how important they are and how their lives will change. He’s also seen as the “president of the rich” — his first fiscal decision as president was scrapping a wealth tax. So hiking taxes on gasoline and diesel was seen as especially unfair to the working classes in the prov- inces who need cars to get to work and whose incomes have stagnated for years. The French government already has pro- grams in place to subsidize drivers who trade in older, dirtier cars for cleaner ones, and expanded them in an attempt to head off the protests last month. But for many French, it was too little, too late. The French reaction to higher fuel prices is hardly unique, which highlights just how hard it can be to discourage fossil fuel consump- tion by making people pay more. In Septem- ber, protests in India over high gasoline prices shut down schools and government offices. Protests erupted in Mexico in 2017 after gov- ernment deregulation caused a spike in gaso- line prices, and in Indonesia in 2013 when the government reduced fuel subsidies and prices rose. In the United States, Washington state voters handily defeated a carbon tax in November. “Higher taxes on fuel have always been a policy more popular among economists than among voters,” said Greg Mankiw, a Harvard economist and former adviser to President George W. Bush. Even proponents of carbon taxes acknowl- edge that they can disproportionally hurt low-income people. Energy costs make up a larger portion of their overall expenses, so a fuel price increase eats up more of their pay- check and leaves them with less to spend. And because energy costs are almost impos- sible to avoid, they feel trapped. It is also not lost on them that it is the rich, unbothered by fuel taxes, who are hardest on the environment because they travel and con- sume more. “The mistake of the Macron government was not to marry the increase in fuel taxes with other sufficiently compelling initia- tives promising to enhance the welfare and incomes of the ‘yellow vests,’ said Barry Eichengreen, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley. Now the question is “How can we address the climate problem while also avoiding pro- ducing political upheaval,” Goulder said. The key is giving a good chunk of money back to the people, Wesleyan University envi- ronmental economist Gary Yohe said. Many economists back proposals that would tax carbon, but then use that money to offer tax rebates or credits that would benefit lower-income families. The protests, while sparked by fuel prices, are also about income inequality, populism and anti-elitism, experts say, not just about carbon taxes. “Is it a death knell for the carbon tax or pricing carbon? I don’t think so,” economist Yohe said. “It is just a call for being a little bit more careful about how you design the damn thing.” Need help getting health insurance by the Dec. 15 deadline? GET FREE LOCAL HELP! www.OregonHealthCare.gov | 1-855-268-3767 1139 Exchange Street Astoria, OR 97103 503-440-3909 duganins.com
