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7A THE DAILY ASTORIAN • TUESDAY, JANUARY 3, 2017 Creek: Next phase will reconnect more tributaries Dams: Salmon runs are a informational kiosk about the project, overlooking the small inlet where Megler Creek spills into the Columbia. Continued from Page 1A Cove and Chinook, Smith said, the highway is heavily armored by riprap, with culverts to trib- utaries often perched too high up to provide adequate fish passage outside the highest of tides. CREST found a willing partner in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park for the Columbia-Pacific Habitat Res- toration, a plan to reconnect tributaries at several points along highway. The first phase installed a 12-by-12-foot cul- vert trough U.S. Highway 101 to reconnect nearly 100 acres of wetlands just north of the park’s Fort Columbia site. The second and current phase is reconnecting Megler Creek. A third phase will look to recon- nect even more tributaries upriver near Hungry Harbor. “We have a dual mandate of doing what we can to restore natural ecosystem process, but we also want to do what we can to get our lands kind of back to a state that closely resembles what Lewis and Clark encountered when they were here,” said Carla Cole, a natural resources project man- ager for the park. In addition, she said, “It’s becoming increasingly import- ant along the Columbia to open access to these cold-water ref- uges with climate change.” Reconnecting Megler Creek Just west of the Dismal Nitch rest area, State Route 401 shrinks to one lane. A con- crete barrier separates traf- fic from crews with Thomp- Returning chum Danny Miller/The Daily Astorian Thompson Bros Excavating crews work on CREST’s Co- lumbia-Pacific Passage Habitat Restoration project. son Bros. Excavating, digging out and building up shoring walls under the northern half of the highway to start plac- ing the precast sections of the new 25-foot concrete box cul- vert that will run under the highway. After the northern half of the highway is complete, the entire process moves to the south. A new sheet pile coffer- dam will hold the Columbia out of the project site until the plug is pulled in February. Preparation for Megler Creek started before the culvert near Fort Columbia had ever opened. The project involved years of monitoring different endangered species of salmon spawning, and numerous lev- els of scientific review. CREST and the local park each pieced together about $500,000 in competitive grants from vari- ous agencies to pay for the $1 million project. Smith said the old culvert was only 48 inches in diame- ter, and perched 6 feet above mean water level, disconnect- ing Megler Creek from the tidal influence of the Colum- bia except during high tides. After redirecting about 300 feet of Megler Creek around the project site, crews had to dig out about 8 feet of sed- iment that had backed up behind the highway over the past century, unable to wash out into the Columbia during storms. The lower elevation will allow tides to reach farther into the historic wetlands at the mouth of the creek. A new peb- bly bottom, woody debris and shrubbery will create a more natural, nutrient-rich stream. “I’m hopeful people will be able to see salmon going through,” Cole said. The Dismal Nitch rest area, being refurbished by the Wash- ington Department of Trans- portation, will include an During spawning surveys, Smith said, CREST observed several species of endangered salmon inside Megler Creek. One they didn’t see inside was chum, but he and Cole said they’re particularly excited about the prospects. Clark’s journal from November 1805 talks about catching “what Pore fish we can kill up the branch on which we are encamped.” Cole said the term “pore” — translated to poor — likely refers to the less- er-quality chum species, which has shrunk to 3 percent of its historical run in the Columbia. “Chum will be a big bene- ficiary of this project, because chum typically spawn right (at the head) of tide, and they’re not as athletic as some of the others,” Smith said, adding coho and steelhead will travel farther upstream to spawn. Cole said she’s excited to come back in November and watch for chum salmon spawning. She sees the spe- cies, whose roe is commonly used in sushi, as a potential new homegrown industry for the Lower Columbia. “Chum roe is a really lucra- tive fishery all across the Pacific,” she said. “We envi- sion a future where there could be native chum runs, and we could have our own chum fish- ery, harvesting the roe, which is actually more valuable pound-for-pound than Chinook salmon flesh.” Sea lions: Last five years of program will be reviewed Continued from Page 1A conservation and management perspective to prevent the spread of a detrimental behav- ior and to minimize the total number of animals removed,” the scientists wrote in the paper published in the jour- nal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. “The earlier you start, the more effective you are at slow- ing the spread, and the fewer animals you have to remove to make a difference,” said Zachary Schakner, who coau- thored the study as a graduate student at UCLA and is now Recreational Fisheries Coor- dinator in NOAA Fisheries’ West Coast Region. The states have removed 166 California sea lions since the effort began in 2008, a small fraction of the num- ber of animals that migrate to the Columbia each winter and spring. The states may eutha- nize sea lions if no permanent holding facility, such as a zoo or aquarium, can be found. This year,NOAA Fisher- ies will review the last five years of the program, and will take the study findings into account, said Robert Ander- son of NOAA Fisheries’ West Coast Region in Portland. “What was really new was the combination of behavioral ecology with disease ecol- ogy to come up with manage- ment recommendations that could make the program more effective,” said Michael Buh- nerkempe, coauthor of the research and an assistant proj- ect scientist at UCLA. The study examined the association between sea lions known to prey on salmon at Bonneville Dam with other animals that later developed the same behavior, assess- ing how the behavior passed among animals. The research- ers then modeled various strat- egies for removing sea lions to determine which were most effective and which required the removal of the fewest sea lions. T UESDAY E VENING (2) (-) (-) (6) (-) (8) (9) (10) (12) (13) (-) (20) (-) (29) (30) (31) (32) (34) (35) (36) (38) (39) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) (50) (51) (52) (53) (54) (56) (57) (58) (61) (63) (64) (65) (162) L KATU KOMO KING KOIN KIRO KGW KRCW KOPB KPTV KPDX KCPQ TBS KZJO ESPN ESPN2 NICK DISN FAM FMC LIFE ROOT FS1 SPIKE COM HIST A&E TLC DISC NGEO TNT AMC USA FOOD HGTV FX CNN FNC CNBC BRAV TCM SYFY RFD (2) (4) (5) (-) (7) (-) (3) (10) (12) (-) (13) (20) (22) (29) (30) (31) (32) (34) (35) (36) (38) (39) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) (50) (51) (52) (53) (54) (56) (57) (58) (61) (63) (64) (65) (162) 6 PM Continued from Page 1A A federal judge urged officials to consider breach- ing four of those dams on the Snake River. “Because of the scale of the EIS, there’s no practi- cal way for us, even if we wanted to, to provide a map of each and every site that we consider,” said Sean Hess, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Pacific North- west Region archaeologist. “There are some import- ant sites out there that we don’t talk about a lot because of concerns about what would happen because of vandalism.” Fish survival, hydro- power, irrigation and nav- igation get the most atten- tion and will be components in the environmental review due out in 2021. But at more than a dozen public meet- ings in the four states to col- lect feedback, the cultural resources program has equal billing. Comments are being accepted through Jan. 17. Umbrella law The review process is being conducted under the National Environmental Pol- icy Act, an umbrella law that covers the well-known Endangered Species Act. Thirteen species of salmon and steelhead on the Colum- bia and Snake rivers have been listed as federally pro- tected species over the past 25 years. But the environmen- tal law also requires equal weight be given to other laws, including the National Historic Preservation Act, which is where the cultural resources program comes in. Among the 4,000 sites are fishing and hunting process- ing areas, ancestral village areas and tribal corridors. “People were very mobile, prehistorically,” said Kristen Martine, cultural resource program manager for the Bonneville Power Administration. Some of the most nota- ble sites with human activity date back thousands of years and are underwater behind dams on the Columbia and Snake rivers. Celilo Falls, a dipnet fishery for thou- sands of years, is behind The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River. Marmes Rockshelter was occupied 10,000 years LISTINGS THE DAILY ASTORIAN A Quick response Just as diseases are eas- iest to stop when they have affected only a few individu- als, so are undesirable wildlife behaviors such as the preda- tion on salmon at Bonneville Dam. The study found that the removal of sea lions would have been more effective, requiring the removal of fewer animals overall, if it had started soon after biologists first real- ized that sea lions were target- ing protected salmon. “If you can do that, you’re beating it before it has a chance to explode into more of an epi- demic,” Buhnerkempe said. “Otherwise it quickly gets out of control.” fraction of what they were ago but now is underwater behind Lower Monumental Dam on the Snake River. “If we’re breaching dams, it would definitely change how we manage resources,” said Gail Celmer, an archae- ologist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Environmental review U.S. District Judge Michael H. Simon ordered the environmental review in May after finding that a mas- sive habitat restoration effort to offset the damage that dams in the Columbia River Basin pose to Northwest salmon runs was failing. Salmon and steelhead runs are a fraction of what they were before modern set- tlement. Of the salmon and steelhead that now return to spawn each year, experts say, about 70 to 90 percent origi- nate in hatcheries. Those opposed to breach- ing the Snake River dams to restore salmon runs say the dams are an important part of the regional economy, providing irrigation, hydro- power and shipping benefits. Meanwhile, several tribes said they are better able to take part in the review pro- cess than they once were. “Tribes have not had much opportunity to partici- pate in these things because they didn’t have profes- sional staff or trained peo- ple,” said Guy Moura of the Colville Confederated Tribes in Washington state, noting the tribe employed four peo- ple in its cultural resources program in 1992 but now has 38. “With growth in size, there also came the evolution of what was being done.” The tribe at one time had a large fishery at Ket- tle Falls, on the upper part of the Columbia River, but it was inundated in the 1940s behind Grand Coulee Dam. Dams farther downstream on the Columbia prevent salmon from reaching the area. Also among the 4,000 historical sites is Bonne- ville Dam, one of 14 dams involved in the environmen- tal impact statement. Bonne- ville Dam is the lowest dam in the system at about 145 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River. It started operating in the 1930s and became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Evening listings TUESDAY J ANUARY 3 A - Charter Astoria/ Seaside - L - Charter Long Beach 6:30 7 PM 7:30 8 PM 8:30 9 PM 9:30 10 PM 10:30 11 PM 11:30 KATU News at 6 Jeopardy! Wheel of Fortune The Middle Amer. Housewife Fresh Off-Boat (N) The Real O'Neals Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. KATU News at 11 (:35) Jimmy Kimmel KOMO 4 News Wheel of Fortune Jeopardy! The Middle Amer. Housewife Fresh Off-Boat (N) The Real O'Neals Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. 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