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5A THE DAILY ASTORIAN • MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2016 Schools: Each state has its own unique funding formula Continued from Page 1A Last year, Stevenson spent close to $18,800 per student. Waukegan’s expenditure? About $12,600. And the gap has only been getting wider — here in the sub- urbs north of Chicago, and in many places across the nation. In the years following the 2008 inancial crisis, school districts serving poor communities gen- erally have been hit harder than more afluent districts, accord- ing to an Associated Press anal- ysis of local, state and federal education spending. A rich, poor divide The result has been a wors- ening of America’s rich schools, poor schools divide — and its racial divide, because many poor districts are also heav- ily minority. It also perpetuates the perception that the system is rigged in favor of the haves, at the expense of the have-nots — a major driver of America’s angst in this election year. The AP found that aid to local districts from the federal government surged after the economic downturn, as part of the stimulus, but then receded. Schools were left to rely more on state funding that has not bounced back to pre-recession levels. And poorer districts that cannot draw on healthy prop- erty tax bases have been left in the lurch. The effects vary widely across the 50 states. Each has its own unique funding formula. For example, per-pupil spending in poorer Missouri districts fell behind richer dis- tricts in 2013 — the irst time in a well over decade. Most rich districts have seen a steady increase in rev- enue while poorer districts — such as Louisiana RII, a pre- dominantly white district 80 miles northwest of St. Louis — have seen cuts since 2010. That rural district has started waiting longer to replace text- books, and it will likely aban- don initiatives to distribute new computers and to bring wireless internet into classrooms. Todd Smith, the superintendent, said the district will likely seek a tax increase or a bond sale because there isn’t enough money for basic maintenance. “We ind ourselves more and more dipping into our reserves,” Smith said. In Connecticut’s largest city, Bridgeport, schools have strug- gled with cuts in state and fed- eral grants, Superintendent Frances Rabinowitz said. And the gap widens between her district and neighboring, aflu- ent Fairield County towns with smaller class sizes and students with far fewer needs. The result? No aides for kin- dergarten classrooms, or guid- ance counselors for elementary ‘We find ourselves more and more dipping into our reserves.’ Todd Smith superintendent of a rural school district 80 miles northwest of St. Louis, Mo. schools, or buses for students at some high schools (they get city bus passes, instead). “I feel like I am cutting the lifeblood of the system,” said Rabinowitz, whose schools are more than 80 percent black or Hispanic. “We’re not talking nice things. We’re talking what I would consider essentials in trying to move the district forward.” age percentage of English lan- guage learners and children in poverty. The district struggled to meet the needs of its students even before the foreclosure crisis left blocks dotted with empty homes and businesses. Teachers buy fans with their own money to ight the heat at schools like the district’s Little Fort Elementary. Impact can be long- lasting Over the past ive years, the district lost $43 million in state aid because Illinois cut education funding, accord- ing to Gwendolyn Polk, asso- ciate superintendent of busi- ness and inancial services. The proposed budget for the com- ing year is $218 million, with a projected deicit of $7.4 mil- lion. The district did its best to keep the cuts from affecting the classroom, which meant put- ting off regular maintenance and cobbling together funds to deal with emergencies. When a water pipe began leaking in a classroom, the dis- trict was required to remove asbestos around the aged pipes as part of the repairs. Workers ripped open a 6-foot hole, then covered it with a piece of ply- wood and painted over it. About 70 percent of stu- dents graduate from Waukegan High School in four years, and less than half go on to attend a two-year or four-year college. “Just because our students are low income here within this district, it doesn’t mean they shouldn’t have the same oppor- tunities kids in surrounding districts have,” said Michelle Lenczuk, a teacher at Little Fort. “They have the same knowl- edge. They have the same capa- bility to learn. They have the drive. They want to do that.” Stevenson District 125, in contrast, educates students in an area northwest of Chicago that’s home to upper-class profession- als and corporate headquar- ters, the kind of districts parents move into in hopes of giving their children a leg up. Adlai Ste- State cuts The impact can be long-last- ing, researchers say. A study for the nonproit and nonpar- tisan National Bureau of Eco- nomic Research tracked stu- dents enrolled in districts where there was a prolonged increase in school funding. Students educated in lush times inished more years of school, were less likely to live in poverty as adults, and made about 7.25 percent more in wages. “The body of evidence is pretty clear that when school districts get more money, good things tend to happen and when they’re forced to cut spend- ing, bad things tend to hap- pen,” said Kirabo Jackson, one of the report’s authors and an associate professor of human development and social policy at Northwestern University’s School of Education and Social Policy. The widening funding gap that favors richer schools in Illi- nois is an extreme example. For schools in the poorest 25 percent of Illinois districts, as measured by child poverty rates, per-pupil funding stalled at around $13,500 in 2014, the most recent year for which full data are available. Meanwhile, per-pupil funding climbed to over $15,000 in the wealthiest 25 percent. Alejandra Ocampo, senior class president at Waukegan High School, said the dispari- ties are plain to see. When her athletic teams would travel to other schools for competitions, the afluence was clear from the minute they pulled up, Ocampo says. And sometimes when those oppos- ing teams would show up to Waukegan, they would hear the chatter: “This is it?” or “Why is their locker room like a dungeon?” Waukegan District 60’s enrollment of roughly 17,000 is nearly 80 percent Hispanic and 15 percent black students, and includes a higher-than-aver- ll Ca ime yt n A venson High School resembles a small college, with a manicured campus and more than 120 stu- dent clubs. Wide, carpeted hall- ways house art galleries for dis- playing student work. Outside a suite of teacher ofices, a mes- sage on a lat-screen TV con- gratulates the water polo team on its state championship. Two-thirds of the students are white and about 22 percent are Asian, with black and His- panic students making up less than 10 percent of the enroll- ment. Between 97 and 98 per- cent of students will go on to college, most of them to four- year schools. Stevenson has felt minimal impact from state budget cuts, spokesman Jim Conrey said. The district hasn’t had to go to referendum to get more prop- erty tax revenue since 2002, when a measure passed with 70 percent support. “We’re certainly well aware of what other schools are suf- fering through right now and we sympathize with them,” Conrey said. “We’re very lucky in that we’re not having to face a lot of the issues that they are.” Matthew Cabrera, a 17-year- old who just inished his junior year at Stevenson, takes a range of Advanced Placement classes and plays violin in the school orchestra. His family moved to the area from the South Side of Chicago when Cabrera was in second grade, and he knows how different Stevenson is from the school he would have attended if they’d stayed. “I don’t think I would have been able to grow as a person as much if I didn’t go to Steven- son,” Cabrera says. Waukegan’s Alejandra Oca- mpo plans to study education and Spanish in college this fall. She’s proud of where she comes from, but she says some more money would be helpful in ways that go beyond better facilities or more teachers. “I feel like funding is more of a motivational gift than an actual physical gift,” she said. “It’s how it makes you feel about yourself.” Fenn reported from New York. Associated Press writ- ers Michael Melia in Hartford, Connecticut, Carolyn Thomp- son in Buffalo, New York, and Carrie Antlinger in Lincoln- shire, Illinois, also contributed to this report. WORLD IN BRIEF Associated Press Pneumonia diagnosis fuels questions about Clinton’s health WHITE PLAINS, N.Y. — For weeks, Hillary Clinton dis- missed questions about her health as little more than a con- spiracy theory, part of a “wacky strategy” cooked up by rival Donald Trump as he embraced an “alternative reality.” Those concerns are now unavoidable, made real by Clin- ton’s abrupt departure Sunday from a 9/11 anniversary cere- mony and a video showing the Democratic nominee stagger- ing and eventually slumping forward before being held up by three people as she was helped into a van. The damage was compounded by the nearly eight hours of silence from Clinton and her team about the health scare, as well as the Sunday evening disclosure she had been diagnosed on Friday with pneumonia. Clinton’s doctor said the 68-year-old former secretary of state “became overheated and dehydrated” at the 9/11 cere- mony at ground zero. After an exam at her home in suburban New York, said Dr. Lisa R. Bardack, Clinton “is now rehy- drated and recovering nicely.” But less than two months from Election Day, it was a prob- lematic visual for Clinton as she tries to project the strength and vigor needed for one of the world’s most demanding jobs. Late Sunday night, she called off plans to travel to California for two days of fundraising, campaign events and an appear- ance on Ellen DeGeneres’ talk show. Russia-US-brokered Syria cease-ire to start at sunset BEIRUT — A cease-ire brokered by the United States and Russia is set to begin at sunset on Monday in Syria amid mixed messages of commitment from various rebel fac- tions but with verbal backing by President Bashar Assad’s government. In a stark message to opponents, Assad made a rare pub- lic appearance Monday by attending prayers for the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha at a mosque in the Damascus suburb of Daraya. The suburb, previously held by the rebels, surrendered last month and reverted to Damascus’ control after four years of government siege. The cease-ire deal, hammered out between U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Geneva on Saturday, allows the Syrian government to con- tinue to strike at the Islamic State group and al-Qaida-linked mil- itants with the Jabhat Fatah al-Sham group, earlier known as the Nusra Front, until the U.S. and Russia take over the task in one week’s time. Rebel factions have expressed deep reservations about the deal. Obama, Hill leaders meet ahead of federal funding deadline WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama is meeting with the top four leaders of Congress ahead of a month’s- end deadline to fund the government or face a shutdown, and with money all but gone to address the worsening Zika crisis. The White House meeting Monday afternoon is likely to focus on an emerging legislative compromise to address both issues. Long-sought provisions to provide money to deal with Zika look likely to be added to a must-pass spending bill to fund the government through Dec. 9. Fre e as Est F ima t t es Jeff Hale P ainting • Residential • Commercial •Cedar Roof Treatments • Interior & Exterior NEWS TALK FOR THE COAST Pro viding live a nd lo ca l new s co vera ge every da y Y ou could see it ton igh t, rea d a bout it tom orrow or h ea r it live N O W ! 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