HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Automobiles arid Good Roads
A Department Designed to Help Farmers Witli'Srogrcssive Road Ideas.
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Onr agricultural colleges, East
and Weet, North and Sout.li, aro
S realizing tho importance of good
$ roads for the farmer.. Not of
necessity the eonerete road that
J iermits the automobilo to- go
5 tearing along, but fliose that
" will allow the farmer to haul S
S his produce economically and &
S easily t the railread station or S
S market. The ttcocmparring ar- 3
S tide tells something about the
3 work cf highway engineering $
S at Washington Stat Collesa. ?
Pullman, Washington. $
S $
t3e"S$J.4$$$,$$
"HE PBINCIl'LIOS of high wiry eon
struetion have been taught to
siuuenis or tiie Uvil Engineer
ing epartment of the State Col
loge for years. Four years ago,
However, the statewide interest in
good roads led to the establishing of
a good roads laboratory at the college,
cqmped with such machinery and fa
cilitios as aro necessary to train fpe
cialists in thin profession. At the pres
cut writing seven students are special
izing in road construction these dis
tinguishod from tho otheT students of
the civil engineering department, who
are intorestod in other phases of en
gineering. On the college canrprwi, a roadway
has been reserved for an experiment
with some filteen different kinds of
road surface. Tho roadway reaches
from the dairy building on the front
campus, out east to the college farm,
and will be surfaced with different
typea of road materia, put down in
sections, and all subjected to the game
amount of wear. Early reports will be
, made as to tho way in whjeh tho dif
ferent sections are holding up under
the traffic, which is heavy, including
automobiles, light venules, and the
heavy loads occasioned by the hauling
of building material into the college i
grounds, and the hauling of crop prod
ucta.
Surfaces Aro Varied
Among the surfaces to be used are,
brick with cement ground filler, brick
with bituminous filler, sheet asphalt,
sections of bituminous concrete con
structed under different specifications,
concrete thinly toppod with tur, bitum
inous macadam, and several different
kinds of patented pavements.
The materials testing laboratory is
equipped with tho muchinery nccossary
- for determining the values of road
building material. With reference to
stone, this includes resistance to woar,
hardness, toughness, cement values, and
so on.
In the abrasion tests, the rock is
broken up in small pieces and put in
cylinders which are revolved slowly for
somo time. Tho percentage of the
"rock dust" which has boon eroded
from tho pieces of rock in the revolving
cylinder is then computed, and with
this as a basis is calculated the resis
tance to wear of tho particular stone
Wido differences are found in differ
ent types of rock; and, what is still
more confusing, wide differences of ro
eistance to abrasion are found in stoue
of the same type, and of almost similar
appearance.
life of the road. If the cementing qual
ity i3 not good, the duet will dry out
and blow away. ThHS, in the latter in
stance, the road would soon be found
in "broken down" condition.
Basalt, which is plontifil in mont
sections of the Pacific Northwest, usu
ally is a fairly good road stoue. But not
always, as herein lies, a attunhling block
for many builders of roaJi. ; In the
early time of creation, basalt, in a
lavalike form, oozed through fissure
in the earth 'a surface, and spread out,
in later ages, cooling. 1'erhap the big
get "Basrtltic Overflow" ia the world
exists in the Pacific Northwest. It
reaches from the Canadia boundary to
California, and eastward to the foot
hills of tho Koekied. Although prcserv
ing a general similarity of appearance,
the quality of basalt with reference to
to roadmaking varies. The only sure
way to determine is to make a careful
and scientific tests; and if the bumilt
is fouad to bo defectivo, the roadmaker
must take this into coimiiioration, or a
Hate or county will, a few yeM later
be found to haro expended whole for
tunes in the, building cf practically
worthless roads.
Civil Engiaeor, To
ice udovo is cited only as an ex
ample of the many problems which arise
in roflHmaking, but which exist to a
greater or lens extent in practically
every type of road material used. Even
when well informed, and with the best
of testing machinery and laboratory fa
eilities at hand, the good roads' en
gineer often runs amuck of new and
puzzling problems.
Sandirtone usually ie uot vy good,
thongh some of it is all right. Basalt
usually js good. So is diortte, diabase,
dolomite, urn granite, though, for rea
sons above indicated, it w unsafe to
say thftt any roek is good or bad till
it has ben subjected to tests for ce
ment value, lmrducsa, toughness, ab
sorption, nnd so on.
While the interest of the highway en
gineer in roadmaking materials is al
ways keen, his knowledge limited to
this field would not make him a high
way engineer by any means. He must
be a civil engineer must understand
7
;-1 ,13-
v5 - vmmSX?" J
KscUnary Is Needed,
The machinery necessary to deter
mica the eeroent vaulos of stoue is in
cluded in tha equipment of tho good
roads iaooritcry, and consists of the
ball machine, w&len prepared the stone
duB; the molding machine,- in which
ere made small brickettea of tha stone
dust; aad the impact, machine, in which
tho brickettes are knocked to pieces.
The number of blows required to knock
the brickettes to bits constitutes the
basis for determining of tho cementing
value of tho rock.
The cement value of aton in road
surface is very important. For ex
ample,' iho heavy wheels that strike
upon basaltia EtQno in i road surface,
krk ify.a the atone at each blow a
certain amount of dust. This dust set
tles in tho road bed. If its cement
ing qualitieu are good, when wet by
dew or rain, it wiU stik together in
the road beJ; aad thus prolorg the
THM
NOVO GASOLINB ENGINE
Will Do the Work Quicker nd Cheaper
For You.
The most compact and simplest en
gine made. No separate gasoline tank,
no separate water tank, no piping, no
careful adjustments. Absolutely guar
anteed against damage by freezing.
Made in all sizes from 1 h. p. to 15 h. p.,
and furnished in combination with force
pumps, coutrifugal pumps, deep well
pumps, wood saws, spraying outfits, etc.
Lower priees than formerly., For full
particulars address.
The Beebe Company
Department C.
182-4-6 Morrison St PortUM, Oregon.
how to establish grades for streets or
roadways, must understand bridge con
struction, the more thoroughly the bet
ter; must have a certain amount or
legal knowledge, insofar us the laws of
tho state touch upon highway eonstruc
tiori,' and establish rules by which as
sessments aro made upon abutting prop
erty owners. These and many other
things . pertinent to his profession he
must know; so that the four years-)
which' the student spends in tho goo3
roads laboratories and class rooms of
tho State College are crowded with hard
and scrions study.
. Nickel Plate
Have the trimmings on year auto nickel
plated." Also nil ether kinis of finished on
an niotal. "Write for pritea. Mail orders
promptly filled.
OREGON PLATIKG W0BK3
16th and AMor Streets, Portland, Oregon.
FARMERS!
BIG SACRIFICE!
IHO acre diversified Duiry and Hog
ranch all in cultivation except 10
aeroB in pauhire.
FINE SPEINO AND CHEEK."
Oood Seven-Boom House,
Fino Large Barn.
OTHEB OUT BUILDINGS.
Following STOCK included:
SKVERTEEN M1L0II COW.l
(Montly Jerseys)
FOUK CALVES
ONE BULL
EIOilT HOUSES
SIXTY HOGS AND
ABOUT $1000 WORTH MACHIN
ERY, TOOLS, ETC.
THIS ENTIRE PROPERTY
WELL WORTH .
$15,000
EVERYTHING GOES, IF SOLO
THIS WEEK, FOP.
$10,000.0(1,
WILL REQUIRE Jl.BOO CASH.
The Harbolt Realty Company
INC.
710 LEWIS BUILDING,
Fourth and Out.
Man-hall 4200. A-7158
Hotel Butler
Seattle, Wash.
Under new management entire change in
all departments all rooms redecorated and
refurnished. Particular attention is now being
paid to prompt, efficient and courteous service.
DAILY .RATES
v $2.00 Up With Prirate Bath
$1.00 Up Without Private Bath
Hotel Butler Cafe
THE FINEST IN SEATTLE-
Servicc the Best
Cuisine Unexcelled
ROBERT J. ROBINSON
Manager
LIFE
HEALTH
ACCIDENT
Phon Main 175
One IPolicy
POM BINATION
VONTRACT
3"1
INSURANCE CO,
HOME OFFICE SEATTLE, U. S. A.
Clip this Coupon and mall to th Home
Office (or full Information. No
obligation Incurred.
Kama:
iiVUfnTOMWVill4lt
Addri:
Oooapatlont
naareit birthday. .....
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