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About Oregon City courier. (Oregon City, Or.) 1902-1919 | View Entire Issue (June 15, 1906)
GUY ELLIOTT The fallowing interesting account of the life work of Edgar J. Ilollister Is BkeU-hed by Mrs. Grannis, who nu lind the onnortunitv of personally ol) serving Rome of the results of his wonderful activity. Except for Dean Hollister's retiring modesty regarding i.Ih rni-n norformances. Airs, urannis unvs timt It would he possible to pre Kent many more stimulating incidents of difficulties overcome, ah in an, lilo life work is doing much not only fnr Ampridiu nirriculturo. per se; hut for the advancement of the idea that iirninwnvlc.fiirininir pays, and that thpre Is as Tiromising a field in this line of endeavor as in any of the mer cantile or Industrial occupations. Through Toll to Truimph. Iiv Anna C. Gramils. It is a far cry from a Canadian farmer boy In the sixties tn the l'f an of Agriculture to-day In a rising insti tution In the West, yet, by the applica tion of science to practical far'ipig, such a change has been wrought by Edgar J. Ilollister, a soil expert of wide reputation. No agricultural college opened Its friendly doors to this young pioneer, nor was the Canadian government so deeply Interested at that time as now, In Its' farming population. Hooks on the subject were few and fell wncf-'ly short of the mark, yet he knew neither discouragement nor dismay. A call from western Ontario, his birth place, came in 1873 and In re sponse, some time was spent in si ting out peacli orchards, the work los ing Its IrUsomeness because of the study which accompanied it. More over, at this point a company was en gnged In reclaiming some twenty-five thousand acres of land by the drainage of nn Inland lake. The young man as sisted in some of the surveys and was in touch with the chief engineer of the work. His enthusiasm was iiroused by the anticipation of the re sults which would come from the ad dition of such a large acreage, which hitherto worthless, was now, by re- ducing It to cultivation, to be made productive'. After some further years of study and preparation Mr. Ilollister became Interested in the organization of a com pany for the development of n large tract of swamp. The land was cleared of brush and reclaimed to cultivation, buildings erected, ma chinery Installed and a system of farming, very nearly perfect, was established. Fields of six acres were made to produro nn Income of tMIO.OO each, while others of four acres produced $1,800.(10. Of llie latter 200.00 was net; while thirty-live acres was made to yield $1 1,000.00 gross at nn expense of $8,000.00. Of course, these were special crops such as cel ery, onions and other vegetables SLOW rnoOEKS OF NATURE. In some Instances five years Is the period allowed for the reclamation of land by the slow process of nature after the drainage lias been obtained. Even then those lands may fail to produce paying crops, been use of their deficiency In essential elements such ns lime, potash, phosphoric acid and magnesia. These are some of the forces which go to make stability in plants. It Is true that such lands con tain n large percentage of nitrogen, accumulated from the decomposition of vegetable matter annually produced In low places. However, this nitrogen, which would produce growth were it available, is in an unknown quantity and available only when sutliciein moisture is present, yet does not pro duce the same results upon crops as nitrogen derived from other sources, such as bone, dried blood or barn yard manure. To make those lands productive im mediately after drainage, it Is neces sary to correct their acid condition by the use of lime and by disintegration ;if the soli particles, thereby increas ing their powers to retain water and absorb oxygen. Those forces together, will net on potash and the three abso lute essentials to plant growth are nl- r tropen. phosphoric field, potnsh, nnd phosphoric m'ld nnd ninko tUcin uviwliililc ns plant food. Mr. Ilollister visited Florida and so cured n tract of land which for live vears was used experimentally. A -itiouph lie was In one case much hnmii capped bv Inadequate drainai;e, which It was not found practical to improve, the results were, however, very satis factory. it , . .. . In isub. in Canada, the next Held of .menitlon a phenominnl success re - Suited iu eighteen mouths. Here Mr. L: r ' J 1 i-ra--.-, vj " p M -r- An Anrirnltiiral FHnraiinn ??V;5i.i mm MITCHELL. Ilollistcr proceeded upon the theory that, climatic conditions being equal, certain crops are adapted to certain soils, and that planting those which will bring the greatest revenue will enhance the value of the land, Inspire the people with enthusiasm and en courage development in all lines of trade. For example, Kalam .zoo. Michigan, was once surrounded by bogs and flats worth scarcely $10.00 an acre. After the incoming of the Hollanders, who began raising celery on tnese supposedly worthless ri $(100,000.00 was brought annually to the town by the sale of this vegetable. In ten years' time the land Increased in value to $900.00 an acre. In 18!)!), a trip was made to Colo rado where the people were farming under irrigation, and here the growers DEAN E. J. lIOLLISTEIt. were taught the economical use of water and the method of creatine a ravorame environment for plants. A visit was made to Maryland, where experiments with soil and plant life added still further to the experiment er s fund of knowledge, but in 1901,' me most (liliicult and seemingly im possible work was to come, i.e., the reclaiming of tidal lands on the nortli shore of Long Island Sound. The De partment of Agriculture alrcidv h-ul had a man in the Held, who h id re ported the feasibility of reclamation but by slow processes, and that in vestigation revealed too ninny failures. In spile of this, Mr. Ilollister had suflicient knowledge, Rained pypor mentally, to suggest success, added to which was the further information gained daring a four years' residence in Washington, I). C, for the express purpose of consultation and "o-opera-tion wlili the experts of the depart ment of Agriculture'. An experiment was first made on a small tract on the south side of Long Island, where the salt bog had simply been taken up and thrown Inside of a dike, con structed of lumber sulliciently strong to withstand the tide. This bog was made smooth and even, and c! emicall treated In the month of August. By the - t of October the surface was covered with a beautiful growth of tame grass six inches high. This might certainly be termed, "A Quick Process lioute." Work on a sixty acre tract on the north side was begun in June and completed in December of the same year. On this land, covered the previous autumn with salt wator, nine" hundred bushels of turnips were produced on two acres during the first season, ltye, oats, celery and vegetables throve on the same" tract The following year twenty acres were seeded to meadow land in April I'.y August it was covered by a beauti ful ti-rf, strong enough to lioiil up cattle pastured thereon. The remain ing portion of the sixty acres pro duced luxuriant crops of vegetables nnd corn. A year later the meadow yielded four tons of hay to the acre and was considered a great doinon- 3 WINONA HOYS SELECT ING WHEAT FOR SKUD. WINONA PARK EOH (URLS. SCHOOL stratlon of the productiveness of those lands under applied science. M.KlN(i SKA LAND PROFlT'CE. Another equally successful experi ment was conducted by this "Wizard of the Soil" on this same tract, viz... the tniiist'orinini: (if a live-acre tract of son sand to a loamv condition. The soil was llrst treated Willi chemical fertilizers and in the fall rye was sown, which covered the ground In winter and made a full erowth the 1 f.Mlowiticr sorlnc. ihr crrm w. ! plowed under in June and followed by ) f.-illowlncr sorlne. Th cron wo : Sri a crop of corn sown broadcast. The corn was plowed down in the fall and ,.,,,, ,,,,,, Tf srnf . the sand lot planted in rye. It tvilf be seen that in this process nature was being assisted by moisture and sun light to chunge sand into rye and corn stalks. Then the sand, by the natural process of decomposition of these grains, brought a,bout a complete change in the physical condition of the soil, The work of this interesting man attracted the attention of many people pursuing scientific agriculture, among whom was II. J. Heinz, the pickle manufacturer 57 kinds who is in terested not only in the culture of the vegetable kingdom but In the tel' "t- ual growth of boys, and through his tctivity Mr. Ilollister was elected Dean of Agriculture at the Agricul tural Institute of Winona Lake, In diana. Here he was seen last sum mer, handling his crops of embryo farmers who seemed Imbued with his enthusiasm and whose first harvest received encomiums from five thou sand visiting farmers, who unani mously adopted resolutions endorsing the work. EDUCATING FOR SMALL! FARMS. A plan is now taking tangible form, which will lead to the establishment of small farms comprising five to twenty acres each. On these farms young men will be taught combined scientific and practical agriculture. They will also demonstrate the pos sibility of getting an Income and genu ine happiness from their investments which may well be envied by the salaried man or the man of moderate capital in the city. It is believed too, that this work will have a wholesome effect upon the farmers throughout the country. An Increase of even $100.00 In the revenue of each farmer when multiplied by five million, would establish the prosperity of the Ameri can' Nation, the bulwarks of which are its farming population. Mr. Ilollister is also directing a work of reclamation of a large tract of salt meadow on the Connecticut coast which, when reclaimed, will be used for the purpose of intensive farming, thereby firmly establishing the fact that these lands may be used to furnish employment and bring wealth and happiness to the people. Thus each day reveals some new progress, and farming, that once seemed a hopeless, hapless drudgery, Is being shown a golden highway to an ever increasing success. Value of Alfalfa to Farm Animals. The Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture has re cently published a study by I. D. Graham of the use of alfalfa for the growing and fattening of animals in the Great Plains region. The results attained by experiments, while of in estimable value to live stock growers In the region mentioned, may well be STUDENTS CLEANING OUT onsidered by stockmen in other sec lions. Some of the questions considered In the experiments were the composition nnd digestibility of alfalfa, the calcu lated cost of nutrients supplied by al falfa and other feeding stuffs, the value of alfalfa hay cut at different periods of growth, alfalfa as a pastur age, soiling, nnd hay crop, alfalfa meal, and the value of alfalfa, fresh and cured, for different kinds of farm ani mals and for poultry. The importance of this crop as a honey-producing plant was also considered. Finely ground, kiln-dried alfalfa hay, called alfalfa meal, has given sat isfactory results as feeding stuff. The commercial article is made from se lected alfalfa and mixed with sugar beet molasses in the proportion of 75 per cent, alfalfa and 25 per cent, mo lasses. Horses and mules. It is stated, thrive on alfalfa pasture, and while alfalfa is too rich a food for mature horses un less used in combination with some other roughness, it is an excellent feed for young ones, as it seems to contain just the elements necessary to develop bone, muscle, and consequent size, Caution should be used, however, in feeding alfalfa to horses, particularly if they have not been accustomed to it. Like other concentrated feeds, it seems to stimulate all the physical processes to such an extent that vari ous disorders of the digestive system may appear. This is particularly no ticeable in the urinary and perspira tory glands. ' When alfalfa Is fed to horses in con siderable quantity the grain ration must be proportionately reduced and an abundance of other roughness, fur nished. When horses have attained a mature age and it is desirable to change from other hay to alfalfa, this change must he very gradual, and the alfalfa selected for this purpose should be more advanced in growth at the time of cutting than that which is to be fed to cattle or sheep. As a general statement, very ripe alfalfa hay is the best to use for working and driving horses, while that prepared in the usual way that Is, cut when the field is about one-tenth in bloom is better for the colts. In any event, horses that are fed alfalfa hay must be given abundant exercise. For dairy and beef cattle and for sheep, alfalfa has given very good re sults. As regards the U6e of alfalfa IT'S, -.$W. jSN.- " Na& P I hay for pigs, it is considered better to ' cut it eany, so tnat a larger proportion i ol- leaves may be saved and conse quently a larger proportion of protein conserved. While late cutting, after the leaves b ivt fallen somewhat and the sten. .lanleiitfd is better for horses; ror pigs, especially growing pigs, the crop should be so harvested as to save the largest number of leaves. Experience teaches also that the third or fourth crop is better for pigs because it is softer and more pal atable. It is always wise to provide some sort of a trough or rack with a floor in it for feeding alfalfa to hogs. Alfalfa in its green state, or when used as hay or ensilage, is a first-class poultry food. Poultry will pasture on it during the summer and thrive. It is best for poultry to use the last cutting of alfalfa, as it is softer in texture, has a larger proportion of leaves, less woody matter, and is more succulent than any other cutting. While poultry of all classes will eat alfalfa hay, or at least the "leaves from it, and thrive, it is undoubtedly a better practice to chop or grind it and mix it with a grain ration. A good practice is to steep the alfalfa hay in hot water and let It stand for several hours before feeding. The Irish Potato. A rich, sandy loam Is best suited to the production of Irish potatoes, nnd the fertilizers employed should contain high percentage of potash. The main crop of Irish potatoes for family use should be grown elsewhere, but a small area of early ones properly belongs in the garden. The preparation of the soil should be the same as for general garden crops. In a recent bulletin on farm vege tables, the department of Agriculture recommends that for late potatoeB, the rows should be 2'- to 3 feet apart, and the hills 14 to IS inches apart in the rows. Lay olf the rows with a one-horse plow or lister, and drop the seed, one or two pieces in a place, in the bottom of the furrow. Cover the seed to a depth of about 4 inches, using a hoe or a one-horse plow for the pur pose. One to three weeks will be required for the potatoes to come up, depending entirely upon the tempera tur" of the soil. The ground may even freeze slightly after the planting has been done, but so long as the frost does not reach the seed potatoes no hnrm will result, nnd growth will be gin as soon as the soil becomes suf ficiently warm. As soon as the plants appear above the ground and the rows can be foP lowed, the surface soil should be well stirred by means of one of the harrow toothed cultivators. Good cultivation should be maintained throughout the growing season, with occasional hand hoeing, if necessary, to keep the ground free from weeds. Much de pends upon cultivation. Toward the last the soil may be worked up around the plants to hold them erect and pro- A DRAIN AT WINONA. tect the tubers from the sun after tbe vines begin to die. When the tuners are fully ripe the vines will bo quite dead, but digging should not be (le aved too long, ns the potatoes will make a second growth in case wet weather should set in, nnd weeds will start seriously interfering with har vesting the crop. On a small scale, dig with a spading fork, nnd on a large scale, use either one of the spe cial digging machines or a turning plow, which latter will cover up a good many potatoes. A late crop may be planted during May or early in June In the Nortli, nnd harvested late in autumn, when the frost has killed the vines. After digging the potatoes, they should never be allowed to lie exposed to the sun, or to any light while in storage, ns tliey soon become green and unfit for table use. Early pota toes especially should not he stored in n damp place during the heated part of the summer, keeping best if cov o. k1 over in a cool, shady shed until the autumn weather sets in, after which they can be placed in a dry cellar or buried in the open ground. Tbe ideal temperature for keeping Irish potatoes would be between 'M and 40 F but they w.d uot with stand any freezing. A thousand bushels of potatoes have been raised on one acre. How many farmers, who chance to read this," have raised 'J00 bushels on an equal plot? Aud there are some who can not grow 100 bushels on their acre. Mary was Piseased. Mary had a swarm of bees. And they, to save their lives, Must go wherever Mary went - 'Cause Mary had the "hives." There were about one million deaths In India from plague last year. A sot of Scottish hag-pipes costs from f25 to ?L"0. Japanese jlnrlkishas are being stab- lished in the principal cities of eastern Asia. There are 4,537 textile factories In Japan. The national debt of France Is $150 a bead. MALE HELP WANTED. IF YOU AKE an ambitious man, no matter what ? 'our experience, we have postilonB open thatwlU utert-Bt yuu. smarios 1()-J-MXM). Write us to-day. HAFUUODS, Suite 113. aoa-aou Broadway, N. Y. AGENTS, OUR N W GOLD Window Sign Let ters ben anything on the market. liig Fronts. AKem make siu.uu to f aj.iw uany. i;ompiei outilt ziic. lJaiilcuuiH tree. Sullivan Co, Complete Bumpie iuo w. Van Buren St., uticumo. ill. WANTED : A Hundred Firemen and Brakemen on different railroads. .Age 2u to 30, good gight and heiirtiiff. Experience unnecessary. Firemen 1UU monthly, become Engineers and earn '.1JU. Hriiwe men ?ll monthly, btcome conductois nnd earn $10. FoaitionB awuitlhg competent men. riend sUtinns for particulars. Name position preferred, kuilwny Association, Room ti5, Monroe Street, Brooklyn, WANTED: Amntenr photonrnnhs suitable for art and advertising subjects. Maif print and price with postage for return if not accepted, to The Geo. R. Lawrence Company, 274 Wabasli Ave., Chicago, WE WANT A ITTTSTLINO AGENT In ymir town for the only automatic unears, the Sheer-Cnt Shears, ilest shears, best terms, Credit given. Orders filled same day received, koveltybhear Co., 184 La Salle rr., inicugo, in. PAI.ERMKN TO BELL the Isrftost line of souvenir post cards m the country. Also lurge line or adver tising fans. Excellent side line. Good Commission and Prompt Settlement. Alfred Holzman, Pub lisher, 340 Dearborn ht., Chicago, 111. MEN & BOYS WANTED to learn the Plumbing Trade. Complete the course in 2 or :i months. Ju niors earn from 13 to $4 per day. W'h 6 months' experience outside, vou can join the Union and de mandMto$5 per dny. Catalogue sn free. Union Plumbing School, llill W. 2l)th St.,Ncw York. WE WANT MEN in every State to carry on busi ness of great profit. Attractive proposition to per manent men. State Mans sell themselves. Strfctly commission basis. Scarborough Co., Box 62U9, Bob ton, Mass., or Indianapolis, Ind. REAL ESTATE. 20 ACRE TRACTS CHOICEST fruit and farm land (on the Gulf Coast Highlands In Alabama) for M cash and 45 monthly instalments of flD each (in. 6per cent). Crops pay 175 to $250 an acre a year. Remark ably healthful. Send for booklet, Irvlngton Land Co.. 184 La Salle St., Chicago, 111. WANTED: WICHITA PROPERTY Lands In Southwest Kansas. What have you for sale? 22 yenrs buying nnd selUnu' Kansas dirt. Choice G4U Hcres near uaraen city. irlMUU. nie fc. l. openeer, iw n. i.awrence Ave., v icnua, Kansas. CALIFORNIA COLONIZATION LANDS. Tracts of fcOUO to 2(1,01 K) acres; low prices! easy terms: level, rich, ulluvlal soil; abundance of water; best climate on earth. U. h. Dike Investment Co. (Inc.) 231 mason iiKig., L.OB flngeies. t ai. COUNTRY PROPERTY ONLY EVERYWHERE Frt-e to Intendim? hovers. Owners wiptilner to sell call or write at once. Phillips & Wells, B5X Tribune ouuuoug, ssuw xorK. 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Hend for sample book of uniform tlannels and 1900 Athletic Catnloiiue. Cbarses prepaid to any point In the U. S. Established 1820. Wllllain Read & Sons, Boston, Mass. VALUABLE SCARF TINS absolutely protected by our patented thief proof " Simplex Pin Guard." Ask dealer or send 25 cents to-day for Kold iilated sample. H. Rypinski, lii West 1115th Street, New York. . m?i?a TrrwFV nv,v. RTTPPLIKS. All races bees oueons 'full line supplies. Everything for the i bee keeper; books, maimzlne. A. so line honey. Write TorCataiOK stauuK wniuu y,m jx. Medina, Ohio, City. Philadelphla.Chlcai0. mm FfiT? 1 Accident, Policy navintr $5 weekly. tuiM death Ik nellt. u OKI deposited with V. Y In. l.ommissloner for protection. Send $1 for Policy. Good Audits earn $110 a week. N. Y. Registry Co., 1181 Broadway. New York. tATWTQ Trr AT PROTECT. Our 8 hooks for inventors mailed on receipt of 6 cents stamps. R. S & A. a, Liacey. waamugion, u. v. cbluiuuugu 1 J - , mj, mh .i i ...in ri i ff v -tl -- 1 I - V- - -y 'v; 0f EOTOT SBB3E OF WE SSESii RUE The rr.n before the desk works with hts bnnds and Is paid for his labor. ., The luuu behind the dk works wllh bis bead and Is paid for bis Arnouitafo. It Is merely question of KNOWING HOW. . , . d M l ne nrsi step in "Knowing uow w oimpij' theCouKn sbown below. lnreiurn we snow you nowHuuiprnvoyum w. v.- ----r. -j---..--- patlon and better salarv, without loss of time, without neglecting your present work or obligalr Ink vourself to pav more than you c.n comfortably afford. . No tex t books' to buy-no requirements beyond tbe ability to read and write, and tbe ambl- ''"Vhouiwnds'of men, and women too. In nearly every trade and profession date the beginning of their tuccat to tbe day they filled in thit coupon. Why not you? IT COSTS NOTHING TO FIND OUT. Cut Thl. Out and receive free-"1001 Stories of Success" and "The Story of McHale." INtFrNATIONAL CORrrESPONDENCE-SCHOdLS, Box .IcRANTOH, PA. , Please explain, without ftirther obligation on my part, how I can qualify for a . i k.nfnn n,hl.iK I hni maeL'Ail V I Bookkeeper Stenographer Advertisement Writer Show Card 'Writer Window Trimmer Meeh. Draughtsman Commercial Law for Contractors & Builders Illustrator !' Nam j Cuy- SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT. r Seeking as we always do, to tfive our readers the best of every thing, we are about to offer you in serial form, the unusual and ab sorbing story, entitled "THE WHITE COMPANY," by no less great an author than Sir A. Conan Doyle, .who for the past twenty years has been one of the most widely read of modern writers. His latest efforts, "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes," have been published and read throughout Europe and America. In fact, no writer of late years has received more popular at tention or merited more praise than this gifted Englishman. His style is most pleasing and his im aginative power far. above the usual. We have secured from Sir Conan Doyle's American publish ers the right to this novel, and it is with great pleasure that we are able to announce its early appear ance in the 'Magazine Section." Be sure to get the initial chapters, as it is a stirring tale that will hold your interest from first to last. 1870 TO THE LAME There are only two Ex wtiBioiiB wo patented lioth. Others imitate our 1881 sty k we niHKe it correctly he fit). With "O'Con Dor's LateBt" vou "O'COKJIOR'S LATEST" ar ready made 1906 eboL's, Uppers or tion to walk perfect ankle and luster, ! Out this out snd send to-rfay and we will tell you how to got one free. Oive snortaKa " B. L. O'Connor Mfg. Co., 1271 B'way, N. V. F or m in SEEKING OPPORTDNITY, Investigate the grand possibilities there are in agriculture. Trained men for extension work are, now in great demand. We can help you make your own future. ADDRESS ! Winona Agricultural Institute, Winona Lake. Indiana. Can Save a Lot of Work'. Can Save a Lot Money! 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Draughtsman Architect Struct uralEngineer Bridge Engineer Foreman Plumber Mining Engineer English Braoches . Stmt and No. Statt