THVRAOAT, MAT 117, l
CMOOK OOVNT1 JOUBNAJ
MOB S
8VNKLOWERS FOR BILAOK
(By C. L, Smith Agrfc-uhuri.)
Although the tunflower lllelian
thut Annus) is a retire of North Am-
rica and hai grown in nearly every
garden In the countrr. it la only In
recent years that It has been recog
d umI as a forage plant. The earliest
record of sunflower cultivation It
found in Spain, about SSO years ago.
It adapts Itself to a wide range of
soil and climate, responding to rich
soil and cultivation much like the
corn plant. It has been extensively
cultivated for Its seeds, which are
very rich in oil. In this cjuntry the
seed has been extensively used for
poultry food. Owing to the abun
dance of oil in the seeds and the
woody character of the mature stock
many farmers In the middle weft
have grown sunflowers tor fuel.
Owing to habitual use of oils and
oily foods in Russia, more attention
has been given to improvement of
varieties there Shan elsewhere. Sun
flower oil has been produced in com
mercial quantities In that country fori
the last hundred years. They have
produced a number of varieties some
what different in character. The rar
leties that have "proven most popu
lar aud seems best adapted to this
eountry is a large, coarse growing
sort with striped seeds, known as the
Mammoth Russian.
In 1915 the Montana Experiment
Station tried out in a small way the
growing of Sunflowers under Irriga
tion. The results were so promising
that in 1917 they began some defi
nitely planned work to test the rela
tive returns from sunflowers planted
In different ways.
The highest yield they secured
from planting in rows 36 inches apart
dropping the seeds 4 to 5 inches a
part in the rows, using only tire pou
nds (xi the acre. This gave yield of
44.1 mil per acre.
- Bulletin No. 131, Montana Expert,
aient Station, gives the following:
"In the light of four years' exper
ience In growing sunflowers, it hat
been found that the most practical
way of planting the seed is with the
ordinary grain drill. A sufficient
number of seed outlets should be
ttoped up to permit of planting only
in rows 30 to 36 inches apart. The
drill should be regulated so that the
seeds will be dropped 4 to 5 Inches
apart in rows. The set for this will
vary with the different drills, but
with a standard Van Brunt the desir
ed distribution may be secured when
the drill is set to plant four pecks of
wheel to the acre. Planting in this
way, rows 36 inches apart and seeds
4 to 5 inches apart in the row, will
require five pounds of seed to the
sere on the average. The largest
fields were produced from the earl--st
plantings.' s
In Oregon "and Washington some
sunflowers were grown in an exper
imental way in 1918. The results
were such as to stimulate Interest
and iu 1919 a considerable acreage
was planted for silage purposes. The
yields were in a general wav very sat
isfactory, varying from 10 tons per
acre nnoer dry land conditions to
50 tons per acre. In the higher al
titudes, under dry farming conditions
the average yields per acre were
geater than any other crop.
Feeding Value
Whenever comparisons have been
made with corn silage, the results in
dicate that ton for ton the sunflower
silage has a feeding value equal to
corn silage.
In Wallowa county where the av
erage conditions are unfavorable for
corn, about 200 acres of sunflowers
were grown for silage in 1919. The
largest yield reported was 40 tons
per urve, the lowest. 10 tons per acre.
The average for the 200 being slight
ly over 13 tons per acre. The farm
ers who fed silage the past winter are
all enthusiastic regarding Its value.
The Wallowa County Farm Bureau
has adopted the slogan, " One thou
sand silos on one thousand farms."
It has been estimated that the feed
ing value of silage the paBt winter
averaged $1,000 per silo.
In Deschutes County the results
hith in growing and feeding sun
flowers have been so , satisfactory
that the Farm Bureau has inauger-t-A
a strenuous and entusiastic silo
cypaign. The First National Bank
of Bend has volunteered to finance
any farmer who wanted to build a
S'lo. They have also secured several
tins of choice sunflower seed, which
in furnished to farmers at wholesale
J ice.
In Klamath County a number of
rimers have experimented with the
.'Id sunflower which grows luxur
i'.'itly on dry lands. They find that
eut at the proper stage, it is relish
e and eaten greedily by all ktndl of
livestock.
The digestible nutrients in 100
p unds of sunflower silage is 21.4 to
tal dry matter; 1.24 crude protien;
10.13 crude fiber, and nitrogen free
extract! 0.37 ether extract with a nn
turtive ratio of 9.8 carbohydrate to
1 per cent of protien.
Corn silage has 26.3 dryq matter;
1.1 crude protien; 15.00 crude fiber
and free nitrogen extract; 0.7 ether
extract, a nutrative ratio of 15.1 car
bohydrate to 1.0 of protien.
In fattening beef steers it has been
demonstrated that a ratio of 1.0 pro
tien to 8.0 carbohydrate is most ec
onomical. With young animal and
dairy cows the most satisfactory ra
tio has been found about 1.0 protien
to 5.0 or 6.0 carbohydrate
i Bulletin 131 of the Montana Ex
periment Station says
"The figures show that 100 pounds
cf sunflower silage made from plants
6 per cent in bloom, compared to
a like amount of silage from imma
ture corn, contains approximately the
same total dry substance r-that the
sunflower silage is 0.24 pounds high
er in digestible crude protien; that
there are but 1.27 pounds more di
gestable fiber and nitrogen-free ex
tract in tne corn snage, ana mat tne
ether extract is practically the same.
the proportion of digestanle carbohy
drates In the sunflower silage is 1.98
while the corn silage it is but 1:12.3.
One hundred pounds of silage made
from mature corn contains 4 pounds
more total dry substance, 0.14 lbs.
less digestable crude protien, 4.87
pounds more digestable crude fiber
and nitrogen-free extract, ana u.dd
pounds more digestable ether extract.
The proportion of protien to earno
hrdratet in the mature corn silage
is 115 1, while in the sunflower si
lage It It 1 9.8. With low protient
feeds the the higher digestible crude
protien of the tunf lower would give
It an advantage over" the corn allage.
Results from feeding experiments
with sunflower silage Indicate that
more mature plants make a silage
with a higher nutritive value, but
the best stage ot maturity tor cut
ting the crop we do not yet know. As
practically all corn grown In the high
er altitudes of Montana would have
to be ensiled when immature, these
figures should be used for comparis
on. When digestible nutrients yield
per acre, drought and frost resist
ing qualities of the sunflower have a
distinct advantage over corn for si
lage purposes In the mountain val
levs of the West or in other sections
of the I'nlted States or Canada with
similiar climatic conditions."
v Why A Mil On Every Frra
Careful studeuts ot agriculture ag
ree that in order to provide for the
maintenance of Increase of the fertil-
ity pt the livestock In some form
should be an important factor; that
crop rotation Is the best known fact
or against plant disease and Inbcct
pests; that to profitably carry out a
system of crop rotation with legumes
as one of the crops In the rotation,
there should be enough livestock on
the farm to consume all the forage
and a portion of the grain.
Such diversity of crops is au assur
ance against an entire crop failure,
such as often occurs with any tingle
crop system.
It provides for a better division of
labor throughout the year and tor a
continuity of income,
The silo makes it both possible and
profitable to keep more livestock on
the farm.
It provides a convenient and cheap
storeroom tor roughage, preserving
it in a succulent and palatable form.
It combines more quality and great,
er profits on the Investment than any
other building on the farm.
Silage made from well grown corn,
sunflowers, wheat and vetch, peas
and oats, rye or barley, cut at the
proper time, fed In combination with
clover, alfalfa or vetch hay provides
a forage ration, succulent, palatable
and properly balanced.
It cheapens the cost of milk, meat
prevents waste In feeding, and saves
labor.
It is an economical and satisfactory
feed for calves or any young stock,
for breeding ewes, brood sows In
fact, it may well be made a part of
the daily ration for all farm animals.
It should never exceed more than one
half the daily ration.
Any dairyman who can break even
with a silo, can easily make 25 per
cent profit by the building and pro
per filing of a tilo.
Crops can be put in the silo dur
ing weather that would make It Im
possible to cure hay or. other fodder
in any other way.
As a business proposition, any
dairyman with a half dozen cows or
more can afford to borrow money to
build a silo. It would pay for itself In l
a short time.
The important factors of a good si
lo are It should rest on a solid foun.
dation, should be absolutely air-tight
smooth Inside and the heighth should
be three times the diameter.
Thirty pounds of corn silage and
15 pounds of alfalfa bay make a well
balanced ration daily for a 1000 lb.
cow. With this forage ration, a cow
that is giving less than 20 pounds of
milk a day cannot profitably use a
grain ration.
For a cow giving over 20 pounds
of milk a day, the addition of one
pound of mized grain for each five
pounds of milk will usually pay a
profit.
An analysis of numerous reports
of cow-testing associations Indicates
that cows fed silage produced about
25 per cent greater production than
those that are fed dry forage.
Powell Butte
rW NEWS NOTES
Elma Peterson, Grace Pauls and
Helen Snyder are at home from High
School for their summer vacation.
Election day passed off quietly with i
a very light vote, scarcely more than j
one luiru Ol Hie regiaiereu yuiera taai
a ballot In Fowell uutte precinct.
Mrs. E. H. Stewart with' her sister
in law, Mrs. Gladys Stout, of Dakota
who is her guest for the summer have
gone to Hood River, Portland and
ether points where they will visit for
a while.
Mr. and Mrs. Fordray and family
left last week by auto for their new
home near Medford where they have j
purchased a fruit farm.
Dr. Nevel, veternary practicioner,
was called to the ranch of Roy Rob
erts to treat a sick horse.
Of all the fishing yarns, Jesse Sho- j
bert seems to have them all beat and
lie appears to be Powell Buttes best
fisherman, too.
Mrs. Jimmie Curtis came down
from her Hat Rock ranch, and visit
ed at the C. M. Charlton ranch a few
clays this week.
Mrs. U. S. Bushnell was hostess for
a very pleasant party of girls for her
grand daughter, Ruth Calvin. , The
occasion being Sunday afternoon. A
delicious luncheon was served,, and-
the girls enjoyed the afternoon play-.,
mg games. Those present were, Hel
en Snyder, Elma and Clara Petejcson,
Helen Curtis and Ruth Calvin.
Mrs. Ike Mills visited with -Mrs.
Arthur Wurzweiler Friday. ......
Mrs. S. D. Mustard has gone to
Washington on a business trip.,,- She
will soon return": ;
LADIES ANNEX MEETING
The next regular meeting of the
Ladies Annex has been postponed for
one week, and will be held on June
8th at which time a report of the del
egates to the Federation of Women's
Clnbs will be given. A full atten
dance Is desired.
Th Journal aoet modern printing
short notlet).
WORK BEGINS TO END
FREIGHT CONGESTION
, .;.- r.. j i
Committees formed at Ml-
portant Points to Keep
Cars Moving.
Washtngton. Attack on the freight
congestion which has threatened to
paralyse the national arteries ot trans
port at Ion will be concentrated Imme
diately at a score of Junction points.
operating officials ot the American
Railway association were instructed.
Formation ot committees at each of
30 "gateways" was ordered, the duties
of which will be to dig cart out of the
mass and see that they are forwarded
expeditiously. '
These Instructions were supplement
al to the action ot the Interstate com
merce commission covering drastic re
routing and equipment pooling, which
were designed to deal with the conges
tion as a whole.
The car commute began work Mon
day at the following cities:
Omaha, Seattle, Baltimore. Cincin
nati, Youngstown, O.; Minneapolis, St.
Paul, Norfolk, New York. St. Louts.
Boston, Denver, Philadelphia, Buffalo,
Portland, Or.; Peoria, Birmingham,
Kansas City. Cleveland, Detroit, Wash-
lag. D. C; New Orleans, I tttsburg,
Louisville, Galveston, Atlanta, San
Francisco, Dallas, Toledo and Chicago.
As a step to permanently relieve ear
shortage, which threatens to disrupt
transportation, the Interstate com
merce commission has decided that
$15,000,000 of the $300,000,000 revolv
ing fund provided by the Each-Cum
mins law be made available quickly for
purchase of railroad rolling stock.
CAMPAIGN EXPENSE
INQUIRY IS STARTED
Wsshlngton. A senate investigation
of the pre-conventton campaigning ex
I penset and pledget ot presidential can
dlditet has been started. Acting un
der the Borah resolution adopted by
the senate, the election committee au
thorid a subcommittee to take up the
task an I Senator Ktnyon (republican,
Iowa) was named chairman. Tele
graphic requetta were sent to the cam
balgn managers of lesdlng candidates
na(l th ""'on hlch began her
Motiday.
Sxnator Ksnjron's associates In tht
work, a" named by Chairman Dilling
ham of the elections committee, are
Sato.a Spencer ot Missouri and Edgt
of New Jersey, republicans, and Sen
a'ora Rrd of Missouri and Pomtrent
ot Ohio, democrat!.
Senator Kenyon announced that the
itiwtlgatlon was not aimed at the sup
port or opposition of any candidate.
but that it would be pushed to a con
clusion before tht conventions. If pos
sible, with the object ot determining If
there was need for legislation to pre
vent corrupt practices.
SFNATE PASSES MARINE BILL
Measure for Ship Policy it Sent to
Confer nee.
Washington. The aenate, without a
record i ote, passed th house merchant
marine ill providing for a permanent
merchant marine policy.
'fht meaur then was tent to con
fjsnce.
The bill provides for the sale of
government-owned ships to American
citizens or corporations as soon as ad
vlgable and pendlng iuCD ,ale for the
operation either by the government
or under lease. A permanent board
of seven members will be named by
th president, comprising two each
from the Pacific and Atlantlo coasts,
one each from the gulf and great
lakes, and the seventh from tht in
terior.
Wood Expense in New Jtrsey $15,000.
Washington. Frank H. Hitchcock,
one of Major General Leonard Wood's
campaign managers, told a- scnatt in
vestigating commlttte that so far at
he kntw the largest sum spent in any
statt by the Wood organization was
$15,000, In New Jersey. Ht added that
the next largest was $12,500 in Mary
land.
'' Bootlecf Whisky It Expenslvt.
Washington. From $80 to $120
gallon is the ruling price for whisky
In illicit trade, according to Secretary
Houston.' Mr. Houston wrote congress
requesting $1,500,000 for 1000 watch
men to guard bonded warehouses next
year.
Wheat Crop of 500,000,000 Bushels,
Washington. A winter wheat crop
of approximately 500,000,000 bushels
was the forecast by the United States
Chamber of Commerce.
Census Report Gives Portland 258,288
Washington, -r- The population of
Portland, Or., according to the 1920
census, is 258,288, It wa announced
here. This is an increase of 51,074, or
24 6 per cent.
Tht Art of Not Hearing.
The art of not hearing should be
learnt by all. It Is fully as Impor
tant to domestic happiness as a culti
vated ear. for which both money and
lime are expended. There are so many
'hlngs which It It painful to hear, so
many which we ought not to hear,
so very many which, If heard, will dis
turb the temper, corrupt simplicity
iind modesty, detract from content
ment aud happiness, that everyone
houtd be educated to take In or shut
nut sounds according to hit or her
plessure. Exchange.
FOR twenty years Buick engineers and
designers have been moving forward,
building a Buick prestige in motor car
design and construction that has answered
the world' 8 challenge.
j" ..
It has been an achievement worth the effort and
established a Buick reputation of high standard
and value.
The public has learned to depend upon the 'Buick
Valve-in-Head Motor Car, and the great demands
upon Buick dealers for Buick models is the highest
compliment that can be paid to Buick achievement.
WHEN BETTER AUTOMOBILES ARE BD1LT BUICK
H. W. HOWARD,
Summer Reasons
For This Sedan
Triplet h;nin Insure P I Cw.f- i on All ftaula,
Overland Four-Do. f. il u L. -in Comfort
In All W. u : t
THE SUPERIORITY of the Sedan for autumn,
winter and spring is even more emphasized in the
wide range of summer motoring. It's thick per
manent top is Q cooler shield from boiling sun.
Breezes arc freely admitted or enviuly excluded at
will. Rain, dust and sudden cold, r.:c slmt out at
your command ly heavy plate c,!a-s which never
cuts off your vision or leaves you feeling "Shut in."
Now the Overland Sedan adds to all this convert
ible convenience, the riding comfort of Triplex
Springs, and extraordinary light weight economy.
Touring, 59K5; Rondnter, ')H; Oipe, Si S15; Sedan,
Pikm f . b. Totalo, HibiKI to ck without not,
WEAVER MILTON, DEALER
. -I, ....nw-.f
Prise v Ola, Urtgoti
Relatives a Piv.m.nt for Brldt.
In the Hcrvey MiukIm a bride on the
day before I lie actual mitrrlnjfe walks
iiHin the bocks of her future him
hand's relatives, and on the huppy day
her relatives form a similar pavement
for him, In each case from lwue to
house.
Tht Biggsr Share. .
China and India ronliiln orehalf (he
people of the world. The itiinmil pil
grimage to Benares lin Iml.-x over a
million persons
Formerly with Inland
1&7J
Tht Reckoning.
It's well we should feel that llft't a
reckoning we can't make twice ovtr
there's no real niskliig amends Id thlg
world, any more nor you can mend a
wrong subtraction by doing jour addW
tlon right George Kilo,
Two Regular Jobs,
Ward and Yokes' Idea of a regular
Job was picking lilinsoins from a rea
fury plant, but our energetic tiaturt
pinmpi us to limk fur a piwltlon tetiv
lug the I'Hi. 2tt haves off a daak rtlf
dar. -The Home Hector,
WILL BUILD THEM
Auto Company
f