THVRAOAT, MAT 117, l CMOOK OOVNT1 JOUBNAJ MOB S 8VNKLOWERS FOR BILAOK (By C. L, Smith Agrfc-uhuri.) Although the tunflower lllelian thut Annus) is a retire of North Am- rica and hai grown in nearly every garden In the countrr. it la only In recent years that It has been recog d umI as a forage plant. The earliest record of sunflower cultivation It found in Spain, about SSO years ago. It adapts Itself to a wide range of soil and climate, responding to rich soil and cultivation much like the corn plant. It has been extensively cultivated for Its seeds, which are very rich in oil. In this cjuntry the seed has been extensively used for poultry food. Owing to the abun dance of oil in the seeds and the woody character of the mature stock many farmers In the middle weft have grown sunflowers tor fuel. Owing to habitual use of oils and oily foods in Russia, more attention has been given to improvement of varieties there Shan elsewhere. Sun flower oil has been produced in com mercial quantities In that country fori the last hundred years. They have produced a number of varieties some what different in character. The rar leties that have "proven most popu lar aud seems best adapted to this eountry is a large, coarse growing sort with striped seeds, known as the Mammoth Russian. In 1915 the Montana Experiment Station tried out in a small way the growing of Sunflowers under Irriga tion. The results were so promising that in 1917 they began some defi nitely planned work to test the rela tive returns from sunflowers planted In different ways. The highest yield they secured from planting in rows 36 inches apart dropping the seeds 4 to 5 inches a part in the rows, using only tire pou nds (xi the acre. This gave yield of 44.1 mil per acre. - Bulletin No. 131, Montana Expert, aient Station, gives the following: "In the light of four years' exper ience In growing sunflowers, it hat been found that the most practical way of planting the seed is with the ordinary grain drill. A sufficient number of seed outlets should be ttoped up to permit of planting only in rows 30 to 36 inches apart. The drill should be regulated so that the seeds will be dropped 4 to 5 Inches apart in rows. The set for this will vary with the different drills, but with a standard Van Brunt the desir ed distribution may be secured when the drill is set to plant four pecks of wheel to the acre. Planting in this way, rows 36 inches apart and seeds 4 to 5 inches apart in the row, will require five pounds of seed to the sere on the average. The largest fields were produced from the earl--st plantings.' s In Oregon "and Washington some sunflowers were grown in an exper imental way in 1918. The results were such as to stimulate Interest and iu 1919 a considerable acreage was planted for silage purposes. The yields were in a general wav very sat isfactory, varying from 10 tons per acre nnoer dry land conditions to 50 tons per acre. In the higher al titudes, under dry farming conditions the average yields per acre were geater than any other crop. Feeding Value Whenever comparisons have been made with corn silage, the results in dicate that ton for ton the sunflower silage has a feeding value equal to corn silage. In Wallowa county where the av erage conditions are unfavorable for corn, about 200 acres of sunflowers were grown for silage in 1919. The largest yield reported was 40 tons per urve, the lowest. 10 tons per acre. The average for the 200 being slight ly over 13 tons per acre. The farm ers who fed silage the past winter are all enthusiastic regarding Its value. The Wallowa County Farm Bureau has adopted the slogan, " One thou sand silos on one thousand farms." It has been estimated that the feed ing value of silage the paBt winter averaged $1,000 per silo. In Deschutes County the results hith in growing and feeding sun flowers have been so , satisfactory that the Farm Bureau has inauger-t-A a strenuous and entusiastic silo cypaign. The First National Bank of Bend has volunteered to finance any farmer who wanted to build a S'lo. They have also secured several tins of choice sunflower seed, which in furnished to farmers at wholesale J ice. In Klamath County a number of rimers have experimented with the .'Id sunflower which grows luxur i'.'itly on dry lands. They find that eut at the proper stage, it is relish e and eaten greedily by all ktndl of livestock. The digestible nutrients in 100 p unds of sunflower silage is 21.4 to tal dry matter; 1.24 crude protien; 10.13 crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract! 0.37 ether extract with a nn turtive ratio of 9.8 carbohydrate to 1 per cent of protien. Corn silage has 26.3 dryq matter; 1.1 crude protien; 15.00 crude fiber and free nitrogen extract; 0.7 ether extract, a nutrative ratio of 15.1 car bohydrate to 1.0 of protien. In fattening beef steers it has been demonstrated that a ratio of 1.0 pro tien to 8.0 carbohydrate is most ec onomical. With young animal and dairy cows the most satisfactory ra tio has been found about 1.0 protien to 5.0 or 6.0 carbohydrate i Bulletin 131 of the Montana Ex periment Station says "The figures show that 100 pounds cf sunflower silage made from plants 6 per cent in bloom, compared to a like amount of silage from imma ture corn, contains approximately the same total dry substance r-that the sunflower silage is 0.24 pounds high er in digestible crude protien; that there are but 1.27 pounds more di gestable fiber and nitrogen-free ex tract in tne corn snage, ana mat tne ether extract is practically the same. the proportion of digestanle carbohy drates In the sunflower silage is 1.98 while the corn silage it is but 1:12.3. One hundred pounds of silage made from mature corn contains 4 pounds more total dry substance, 0.14 lbs. less digestable crude protien, 4.87 pounds more digestable crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract, ana u.dd pounds more digestable ether extract. The proportion of protien to earno hrdratet in the mature corn silage is 115 1, while in the sunflower si lage It It 1 9.8. With low protient feeds the the higher digestible crude protien of the tunf lower would give It an advantage over" the corn allage. Results from feeding experiments with sunflower silage Indicate that more mature plants make a silage with a higher nutritive value, but the best stage ot maturity tor cut ting the crop we do not yet know. As practically all corn grown In the high er altitudes of Montana would have to be ensiled when immature, these figures should be used for comparis on. When digestible nutrients yield per acre, drought and frost resist ing qualities of the sunflower have a distinct advantage over corn for si lage purposes In the mountain val levs of the West or in other sections of the I'nlted States or Canada with similiar climatic conditions." v Why A Mil On Every Frra Careful studeuts ot agriculture ag ree that in order to provide for the maintenance of Increase of the fertil- ity pt the livestock In some form should be an important factor; that crop rotation Is the best known fact or against plant disease and Inbcct pests; that to profitably carry out a system of crop rotation with legumes as one of the crops In the rotation, there should be enough livestock on the farm to consume all the forage and a portion of the grain. Such diversity of crops is au assur ance against an entire crop failure, such as often occurs with any tingle crop system. It provides for a better division of labor throughout the year and tor a continuity of income, The silo makes it both possible and profitable to keep more livestock on the farm. It provides a convenient and cheap storeroom tor roughage, preserving it in a succulent and palatable form. It combines more quality and great, er profits on the Investment than any other building on the farm. Silage made from well grown corn, sunflowers, wheat and vetch, peas and oats, rye or barley, cut at the proper time, fed In combination with clover, alfalfa or vetch hay provides a forage ration, succulent, palatable and properly balanced. It cheapens the cost of milk, meat prevents waste In feeding, and saves labor. It is an economical and satisfactory feed for calves or any young stock, for breeding ewes, brood sows In fact, it may well be made a part of the daily ration for all farm animals. It should never exceed more than one half the daily ration. Any dairyman who can break even with a silo, can easily make 25 per cent profit by the building and pro per filing of a tilo. Crops can be put in the silo dur ing weather that would make It Im possible to cure hay or. other fodder in any other way. As a business proposition, any dairyman with a half dozen cows or more can afford to borrow money to build a silo. It would pay for itself In l a short time. The important factors of a good si lo are It should rest on a solid foun. dation, should be absolutely air-tight smooth Inside and the heighth should be three times the diameter. Thirty pounds of corn silage and 15 pounds of alfalfa bay make a well balanced ration daily for a 1000 lb. cow. With this forage ration, a cow that is giving less than 20 pounds of milk a day cannot profitably use a grain ration. For a cow giving over 20 pounds of milk a day, the addition of one pound of mized grain for each five pounds of milk will usually pay a profit. An analysis of numerous reports of cow-testing associations Indicates that cows fed silage produced about 25 per cent greater production than those that are fed dry forage. Powell Butte rW NEWS NOTES Elma Peterson, Grace Pauls and Helen Snyder are at home from High School for their summer vacation. Election day passed off quietly with i a very light vote, scarcely more than j one luiru Ol Hie regiaiereu yuiera taai a ballot In Fowell uutte precinct. Mrs. E. H. Stewart with' her sister in law, Mrs. Gladys Stout, of Dakota who is her guest for the summer have gone to Hood River, Portland and ether points where they will visit for a while. Mr. and Mrs. Fordray and family left last week by auto for their new home near Medford where they have j purchased a fruit farm. Dr. Nevel, veternary practicioner, was called to the ranch of Roy Rob erts to treat a sick horse. Of all the fishing yarns, Jesse Sho- j bert seems to have them all beat and lie appears to be Powell Buttes best fisherman, too. Mrs. Jimmie Curtis came down from her Hat Rock ranch, and visit ed at the C. M. Charlton ranch a few clays this week. Mrs. U. S. Bushnell was hostess for a very pleasant party of girls for her grand daughter, Ruth Calvin. , The occasion being Sunday afternoon. A delicious luncheon was served,, and- the girls enjoyed the afternoon play-., mg games. Those present were, Hel en Snyder, Elma and Clara Petejcson, Helen Curtis and Ruth Calvin. Mrs. Ike Mills visited with -Mrs. Arthur Wurzweiler Friday. ...... Mrs. S. D. Mustard has gone to Washington on a business trip.,,- She will soon return": ; LADIES ANNEX MEETING The next regular meeting of the Ladies Annex has been postponed for one week, and will be held on June 8th at which time a report of the del egates to the Federation of Women's Clnbs will be given. A full atten dance Is desired. Th Journal aoet modern printing short notlet). WORK BEGINS TO END FREIGHT CONGESTION , .;.- r.. j i Committees formed at Ml- portant Points to Keep Cars Moving. Washtngton. Attack on the freight congestion which has threatened to paralyse the national arteries ot trans port at Ion will be concentrated Imme diately at a score of Junction points. operating officials ot the American Railway association were instructed. Formation ot committees at each of 30 "gateways" was ordered, the duties of which will be to dig cart out of the mass and see that they are forwarded expeditiously. ' These Instructions were supplement al to the action ot the Interstate com merce commission covering drastic re routing and equipment pooling, which were designed to deal with the conges tion as a whole. The car commute began work Mon day at the following cities: Omaha, Seattle, Baltimore. Cincin nati, Youngstown, O.; Minneapolis, St. Paul, Norfolk, New York. St. Louts. Boston, Denver, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Portland, Or.; Peoria, Birmingham, Kansas City. Cleveland, Detroit, Wash- lag. D. C; New Orleans, I tttsburg, Louisville, Galveston, Atlanta, San Francisco, Dallas, Toledo and Chicago. As a step to permanently relieve ear shortage, which threatens to disrupt transportation, the Interstate com merce commission has decided that $15,000,000 of the $300,000,000 revolv ing fund provided by the Each-Cum mins law be made available quickly for purchase of railroad rolling stock. CAMPAIGN EXPENSE INQUIRY IS STARTED Wsshlngton. A senate investigation of the pre-conventton campaigning ex I penset and pledget ot presidential can dlditet has been started. Acting un der the Borah resolution adopted by the senate, the election committee au thorid a subcommittee to take up the task an I Senator Ktnyon (republican, Iowa) was named chairman. Tele graphic requetta were sent to the cam balgn managers of lesdlng candidates na(l th ""'on hlch began her Motiday. Sxnator Ksnjron's associates In tht work, a" named by Chairman Dilling ham of the elections committee, are Sato.a Spencer ot Missouri and Edgt of New Jersey, republicans, and Sen a'ora Rrd of Missouri and Pomtrent ot Ohio, democrat!. Senator Kenyon announced that the itiwtlgatlon was not aimed at the sup port or opposition of any candidate. but that it would be pushed to a con clusion before tht conventions. If pos sible, with the object ot determining If there was need for legislation to pre vent corrupt practices. SFNATE PASSES MARINE BILL Measure for Ship Policy it Sent to Confer nee. Washington. The aenate, without a record i ote, passed th house merchant marine ill providing for a permanent merchant marine policy. 'fht meaur then was tent to con fjsnce. The bill provides for the sale of government-owned ships to American citizens or corporations as soon as ad vlgable and pendlng iuCD ,ale for the operation either by the government or under lease. A permanent board of seven members will be named by th president, comprising two each from the Pacific and Atlantlo coasts, one each from the gulf and great lakes, and the seventh from tht in terior. Wood Expense in New Jtrsey $15,000. Washington. Frank H. Hitchcock, one of Major General Leonard Wood's campaign managers, told a- scnatt in vestigating commlttte that so far at he kntw the largest sum spent in any statt by the Wood organization was $15,000, In New Jersey. Ht added that the next largest was $12,500 in Mary land. '' Bootlecf Whisky It Expenslvt. Washington. From $80 to $120 gallon is the ruling price for whisky In illicit trade, according to Secretary Houston.' Mr. Houston wrote congress requesting $1,500,000 for 1000 watch men to guard bonded warehouses next year. Wheat Crop of 500,000,000 Bushels, Washington. A winter wheat crop of approximately 500,000,000 bushels was the forecast by the United States Chamber of Commerce. Census Report Gives Portland 258,288 Washington, -r- The population of Portland, Or., according to the 1920 census, is 258,288, It wa announced here. This is an increase of 51,074, or 24 6 per cent. Tht Art of Not Hearing. The art of not hearing should be learnt by all. It Is fully as Impor tant to domestic happiness as a culti vated ear. for which both money and lime are expended. There are so many 'hlngs which It It painful to hear, so many which we ought not to hear, so very many which, If heard, will dis turb the temper, corrupt simplicity iind modesty, detract from content ment aud happiness, that everyone houtd be educated to take In or shut nut sounds according to hit or her plessure. Exchange. FOR twenty years Buick engineers and designers have been moving forward, building a Buick prestige in motor car design and construction that has answered the world' 8 challenge. j" .. It has been an achievement worth the effort and established a Buick reputation of high standard and value. The public has learned to depend upon the 'Buick Valve-in-Head Motor Car, and the great demands upon Buick dealers for Buick models is the highest compliment that can be paid to Buick achievement. WHEN BETTER AUTOMOBILES ARE BD1LT BUICK H. W. HOWARD, Summer Reasons For This Sedan Triplet h;nin Insure P I Cw.f- i on All ftaula, Overland Four-Do. f. il u L. -in Comfort In All W. u : t THE SUPERIORITY of the Sedan for autumn, winter and spring is even more emphasized in the wide range of summer motoring. It's thick per manent top is Q cooler shield from boiling sun. Breezes arc freely admitted or enviuly excluded at will. Rain, dust and sudden cold, r.:c slmt out at your command ly heavy plate c,!a-s which never cuts off your vision or leaves you feeling "Shut in." Now the Overland Sedan adds to all this convert ible convenience, the riding comfort of Triplex Springs, and extraordinary light weight economy. Touring, 59K5; Rondnter, ')H; Oipe, Si S15; Sedan, Pikm f . b. Totalo, HibiKI to ck without not, WEAVER MILTON, DEALER . -I, ....nw-.f Prise v Ola, Urtgoti Relatives a Piv.m.nt for Brldt. In the Hcrvey MiukIm a bride on the day before I lie actual mitrrlnjfe walks iiHin the bocks of her future him hand's relatives, and on the huppy day her relatives form a similar pavement for him, In each case from lwue to house. Tht Biggsr Share. . China and India ronliiln orehalf (he people of the world. The itiinmil pil grimage to Benares lin Iml.-x over a million persons Formerly with Inland 1&7J Tht Reckoning. It's well we should feel that llft't a reckoning we can't make twice ovtr there's no real niskliig amends Id thlg world, any more nor you can mend a wrong subtraction by doing jour addW tlon right George Kilo, Two Regular Jobs, Ward and Yokes' Idea of a regular Job was picking lilinsoins from a rea fury plant, but our energetic tiaturt pinmpi us to limk fur a piwltlon tetiv lug the I'Hi. 2tt haves off a daak rtlf dar. -The Home Hector, WILL BUILD THEM Auto Company f