HE
WIJBliillillfflfill
fT- W"vfSx r Nv.f -fv '"V yr.
CARDINAL GIBBONS. CARDINAL FARLEY.
THE VATICAN AND THREE AMERICAN
IN the bands of the college of car
dinals rests the election of new
pope to succeed a deceased pon
tiff. While a pope Uvea these
princes of the church are his advisers
and the men to whom be delegates the
(government of the vast organization of
Jthe Roman Catholic church. On his
Ideatb they become the electors of his
Successor. Some of the present cardi
nals are the appointees of the recently
deceased pontiff. The others have held
(their exalted positions in the church
Cince the pontificate of the predecessor
tof Pope Pius X the late Pope Leo
EXJII. Until Dec. 5. 1913. the sacred
Collejre possessed a member who was
appointed by Pope Pius IX.. predeces
or of Pope Leo. This last survivor of
Ithe pontificate of Tope Plus IX. was
Cardinal Oreslia, dean of the sacred
collcse for many years,
j The college of cardinals Is of ancient
Organization and arose from the com-
Uns together of the priests who pre-
jBided over the churches of Rome, the
Photo by American Press Association.
COLLEGE OF CARDINALS IN SESSION.
entral city of the Roman Catholic
church. To this day the cardinals are
ifllvided into three classes cardinal
priests, cardinal deacons aud cardinal
bishops. The first are those who have
titular rule over the parish churches of
the city. The second administer each
ithe charities of a particular "region"
of the city, and the third, the cardinal
bishops, were originally the ecclesiasts
who had charge of the suburban sees
of Rome. The bishop of Rome is the
pope himself, and the title is one of bis
most highly cherished possessions as
successor of St Peter.
1 Ruling Body of th Church.
The cardluuls are appointed by the
pope and constitute the sacred college.
The laws of the church do not require
itbe pope to consult them, but be does
60 as a matter of fact, and matters of
iilgh Importance to the church are de
cided by the body. The number of the
cardinals has varied at different times
and was fixed by Pope Slxtus V. In
1580 nt severity six cardinal bishops,
fifty cardinal priests and fourteen car
dinal deacons.
' The pope is Dot obliged to maintain
the number of cardiuals at seventy,
and. in fact, there are generally vacan
cies In the body Sometimes at a con
sistory, or assemblage of the cardinals,
the pope announces that be has de
cided upon a certain ecclesliist for ele
vation to the cardlnalate, but will re
serve the announcement of the name
until a later time.
Fourtwn cardlnnls were announced
In May, 11)14 At the same time Card!
COLLEGE OF CARDIN
nal Francisco Delia Volpe was appoint
ed to the office of camerlengo. or cham
berlain, which honor entitles him to
preside over the conclave, or calling to
gether of the cardinals to elect a new
pope. The chamberlain also plays
very important part in the conduct of
affairs of the Vatican during an Inter
regnum. Cardinals Are Mostly Italian.
As has been usual for centuries the
college of cardinals consists mainly of
Italians. The great dignitaries of the
Uomun Catholic church believe that
the affairs of the church should al
ways be held firmly Id the bands of
men belonging to the nationality In
which the mother church finds its
temporal home. This eliminates the
possibility, it is believed, of electing
any cardinal not ho Italian. In recent
years, however, there has been much
talk of upsetting this precedent of
centuries, and it has even been sug-
gested that the church might see an
American pope. The American cardi
nals are James. Cardinal Gibbons;
John, Cardinal Farley, and William,
Cardinal O'Connell. To these Is gen
erally added Diomede, Cardinal Fal
coulo, who became a naturalized
American citizen many years ago. but
has resided abroad for many years.
Cardinal Gibbons, bead of the Roman
Catholic church Id the United States,
la archbishop of Baltimore; Cardinal
Farley presides over the archbishopric
of New York, and Cardinal O'Connell
over that of Boston. Cardinal Fal
conlo holds a high place in Rome.
The cardinals are the chief members
of the twenty-one sacred congrega
tions or standing ecclesiastic commit
tees of the papal government, such as
i the holy ollice, propagation of the
! faith, index, rites, studies, etc. They
j meet in consistory, over which the
pope presides. But they are most
prominent before the world when a
pope dies and they' are called upon to
; elect his successor. Many quaint and
curious customs, hallowed by the ob
! servance of centuries, govern their
conduct In the present Instance the
calling together of the conclave pre
sents singular and grave difficulties,
since almost the whole of Europe Is
! at war and there are cardinals rest
! dent In every one of the waning coun-
tries save Russia. The difficulties of
' travel are especially great for those
j cardinals, mainly aged men, who must
i come from corners of the earth that
i are far from Rome, such tig Brazil
and Australia.
II 1 If I v ,- . "
ALS
CARDINAL O'CONNELL.
CARDINALS.
It Is generally believed, even among
those conversant with the law and
nsagea of the church, that the cardinals
are obliged to select one of their num
ber for supreme pontiff. Hut this la
not so. They hare perfect freedom of
choice and may place the triple crown
upon the bead of oue who may be not
even a priest. Uut in practice, for
many centuries, at least, the choice
has always fallen upon a member of
the college of cardinals.
Io title as well as lu fact the car
dinals are "princes of the church" and
enjoy extraordinary privileges, both
at home and abroad. All governments
pay them honors aud each is otliclally
styled "most eminent prince." In
most monarchical countries, in fact,
they rank with princes of the blood
royal and take precedence over all
others save royalties. They wear a
distinctive red hat. which Is given to
them in the consistory, but is never
worn. They enjoy Incomes from the
papal treasury aud are frequently sent
by the pope as his personal representa
tives on delicate missions.
Recent Deaths of Cardinals.
In December, 1913, passed away Car
dinal Rampolla, who waa one of the
most prominent and best known of
them all. On the death of Pope Leo
XIII. he was mentioned prominently
as his possible successor, but the
choice passed blm and fell oh the com
paratively unknown Cardinal Sarto,
patriarch of Venice. On July 31, 1014,
Cardinal Lugnrl, bead of the congrega
tion of the holy office and also men
tioned as a "popablle," or papal possi
bility, died. Cardinal Gennaii died In
January of the present yeur; Cardinal
Katschtbaler of Salzburg, Austria, In
February, and Cardinal Kopp of Bres
lau. Germany. In March.
Before the assembling of the con
clave It was. of course. Impossible to
forecast the i-esult of the papal election
or even to risk a guess at Its outcome.
The greatly disturbed state of the
world can but have Its effect on the
Roman Catholic church.
Jn years past the governments of
some of the Roman Catholic countries
have Interposed objections to the elec
tion of any one considered unfavorable
to themselves. This has beet espe
cially true of Austria, which Is one of
the strongholds of the church In Eu
rope. Italy also asserts the right to
have on the throne of St Peter a pope
not unfavorable to Itself since the po
sition of the pope In Rome, the former
seat of his temporal authority. Is one
of great delicacy and difficulty.
ill I " '
;Mi V. v. J "HI -
"Come In; the
North Beach
Queen of all Pacific Northwest
Summer Resorts
OREGON-WASHINGTON RAILROAD & NAVIGATION CO.
Sells
For
CROOK
JOURNA
County .Official Paper
Gives all the County News
$1.50 the Year
JOB
PRINTING
of all kinds on
Short Notice
aipaaiBHOTssHSMiiaaaHRM
Give Us a Trial
Water's Fine"
AT-
THE-
round trip tickets at low
fares with liberal
privileges
Every Day
full particulars, fares, sched
ules, etc., ask any agent
of the 8 20 2t
O-W. R. & N.
COUNTY
THE LIFE CAREER
"St-hnnlliit In youth nlmiiM (m'urlitlily bt
tltr'lr.l In pif-iMIV iIMutt lit III tout WuV
Inr lh Iir4 irtHititt tK'.-uiMt li.n ful wbun
In li mulilt.''-fimlrlilC W, lOlol.
Thi I the MImIoii of
Forty Uth School Vesr Open
snpTunm-R 18th. 1014
Writ tor llluitrati-d too-naga Hook
let. "I'llfi I.IH! CAKI I H," and for Cata
log containing full Information.
Dtgttt Canrttt AflHICULTURB I
AgrouumV) Animal HtiHhandtv.tlalrytlu
bandty, Poultry Husbandry, Hortliulture.
Agriculture tor Tftuhrrs. r-OMIMNY,
l.lKitilNO KNI'.INm NINO. HOMt) CX
NOMIC.S: I lomestK $ lrnt, Domestic Art,
I N(ilNl:liRIN(i; fclfttrkiil, Irrigation,
Highway, MiMiankal, Chemical, Mining.
I. cm inks. CUMMl;KCh. PHARMACY.
IMHJSTWAL AN IS.
I 'o,iioii.i C ((xricf-Agrlitiltiire, Dairy
ing, Home Maker.' Course, Indtntflal
Arts, Forestry, Hiislness Miort Coure.
St AiH of Afwtie Pmiio, Siting, Hand,
VoUt Culture.
F fmt Builneu Court by Mill Free.
AiliittM TIIK KKHIKTttAK,
(tw 7.!Mn.fl Cnrvnlll. rl
Millinery
Watch this space
for the announce
ment of our
Fall Millinery
Opening.
Mrs. Estes
MILLINERY PARLORS
Satisfaction Guaranteed by
A. C. WILSON
General
Carpenter
and
Builder
New Houses Built, Old Ones
Repaired, Remodeled
or Reshingled
by day or contract. Leave or
ders at Clifton & Cornell's store
or address Lock l!ux 375, Trine
ville, Oregon. 4-9
Farm
Loans
For a short time we liuveeub
ject to our disposal
$25,000
(or loans on highly Improved
irrigated ranches in the vicin
ity ol Prineville. Loans to
be (or 15,000 or more and run
from 3 to 5 years, with inter
ent at 8 per cent, payable an
nually. We charge a small commission
to be paid by the borrower.
See
A." R. BOWMAN
with Central Oregon Title &
Trust Co. 6 19
Prineville, Oregon
PATRONIZE THE
Prineville
Steam Laundry