HE WIJBliillillfflfill fT- W"vfSx r Nv.f -fv '"V yr. CARDINAL GIBBONS. CARDINAL FARLEY. THE VATICAN AND THREE AMERICAN IN the bands of the college of car dinals rests the election of new pope to succeed a deceased pon tiff. While a pope Uvea these princes of the church are his advisers and the men to whom be delegates the (government of the vast organization of Jthe Roman Catholic church. On his Ideatb they become the electors of his Successor. Some of the present cardi nals are the appointees of the recently deceased pontiff. The others have held (their exalted positions in the church Cince the pontificate of the predecessor tof Pope Pius X the late Pope Leo EXJII. Until Dec. 5. 1913. the sacred Collejre possessed a member who was appointed by Pope Pius IX.. predeces or of Pope Leo. This last survivor of Ithe pontificate of Tope Plus IX. was Cardinal Oreslia, dean of the sacred collcse for many years, j The college of cardinals Is of ancient Organization and arose from the com- Uns together of the priests who pre- jBided over the churches of Rome, the Photo by American Press Association. COLLEGE OF CARDINALS IN SESSION. entral city of the Roman Catholic church. To this day the cardinals are ifllvided into three classes cardinal priests, cardinal deacons aud cardinal bishops. The first are those who have titular rule over the parish churches of the city. The second administer each ithe charities of a particular "region" of the city, and the third, the cardinal bishops, were originally the ecclesiasts who had charge of the suburban sees of Rome. The bishop of Rome is the pope himself, and the title is one of bis most highly cherished possessions as successor of St Peter. 1 Ruling Body of th Church. The cardluuls are appointed by the pope and constitute the sacred college. The laws of the church do not require itbe pope to consult them, but be does 60 as a matter of fact, and matters of iilgh Importance to the church are de cided by the body. The number of the cardinals has varied at different times and was fixed by Pope Slxtus V. In 1580 nt severity six cardinal bishops, fifty cardinal priests and fourteen car dinal deacons. ' The pope is Dot obliged to maintain the number of cardiuals at seventy, and. in fact, there are generally vacan cies In the body Sometimes at a con sistory, or assemblage of the cardinals, the pope announces that be has de cided upon a certain ecclesliist for ele vation to the cardlnalate, but will re serve the announcement of the name until a later time. Fourtwn cardlnnls were announced In May, 11)14 At the same time Card! COLLEGE OF CARDIN nal Francisco Delia Volpe was appoint ed to the office of camerlengo. or cham berlain, which honor entitles him to preside over the conclave, or calling to gether of the cardinals to elect a new pope. The chamberlain also plays very important part in the conduct of affairs of the Vatican during an Inter regnum. Cardinals Are Mostly Italian. As has been usual for centuries the college of cardinals consists mainly of Italians. The great dignitaries of the Uomun Catholic church believe that the affairs of the church should al ways be held firmly Id the bands of men belonging to the nationality In which the mother church finds its temporal home. This eliminates the possibility, it is believed, of electing any cardinal not ho Italian. In recent years, however, there has been much talk of upsetting this precedent of centuries, and it has even been sug- gested that the church might see an American pope. The American cardi nals are James. Cardinal Gibbons; John, Cardinal Farley, and William, Cardinal O'Connell. To these Is gen erally added Diomede, Cardinal Fal coulo, who became a naturalized American citizen many years ago. but has resided abroad for many years. Cardinal Gibbons, bead of the Roman Catholic church Id the United States, la archbishop of Baltimore; Cardinal Farley presides over the archbishopric of New York, and Cardinal O'Connell over that of Boston. Cardinal Fal conlo holds a high place in Rome. The cardinals are the chief members of the twenty-one sacred congrega tions or standing ecclesiastic commit tees of the papal government, such as i the holy ollice, propagation of the ! faith, index, rites, studies, etc. They j meet in consistory, over which the pope presides. But they are most prominent before the world when a pope dies and they' are called upon to ; elect his successor. Many quaint and curious customs, hallowed by the ob ! servance of centuries, govern their conduct In the present Instance the calling together of the conclave pre sents singular and grave difficulties, since almost the whole of Europe Is ! at war and there are cardinals rest ! dent In every one of the waning coun- tries save Russia. The difficulties of ' travel are especially great for those j cardinals, mainly aged men, who must i come from corners of the earth that i are far from Rome, such tig Brazil and Australia. II 1 If I v ,- . " ALS CARDINAL O'CONNELL. CARDINALS. It Is generally believed, even among those conversant with the law and nsagea of the church, that the cardinals are obliged to select one of their num ber for supreme pontiff. Hut this la not so. They hare perfect freedom of choice and may place the triple crown upon the bead of oue who may be not even a priest. Uut in practice, for many centuries, at least, the choice has always fallen upon a member of the college of cardinals. Io title as well as lu fact the car dinals are "princes of the church" and enjoy extraordinary privileges, both at home and abroad. All governments pay them honors aud each is otliclally styled "most eminent prince." In most monarchical countries, in fact, they rank with princes of the blood royal and take precedence over all others save royalties. They wear a distinctive red hat. which Is given to them in the consistory, but is never worn. They enjoy Incomes from the papal treasury aud are frequently sent by the pope as his personal representa tives on delicate missions. Recent Deaths of Cardinals. In December, 1913, passed away Car dinal Rampolla, who waa one of the most prominent and best known of them all. On the death of Pope Leo XIII. he was mentioned prominently as his possible successor, but the choice passed blm and fell oh the com paratively unknown Cardinal Sarto, patriarch of Venice. On July 31, 1014, Cardinal Lugnrl, bead of the congrega tion of the holy office and also men tioned as a "popablle," or papal possi bility, died. Cardinal Gennaii died In January of the present yeur; Cardinal Katschtbaler of Salzburg, Austria, In February, and Cardinal Kopp of Bres lau. Germany. In March. Before the assembling of the con clave It was. of course. Impossible to forecast the i-esult of the papal election or even to risk a guess at Its outcome. The greatly disturbed state of the world can but have Its effect on the Roman Catholic church. Jn years past the governments of some of the Roman Catholic countries have Interposed objections to the elec tion of any one considered unfavorable to themselves. This has beet espe cially true of Austria, which Is one of the strongholds of the church In Eu rope. Italy also asserts the right to have on the throne of St Peter a pope not unfavorable to Itself since the po sition of the pope In Rome, the former seat of his temporal authority. Is one of great delicacy and difficulty. ill I " ' ;Mi V. v. J "HI - "Come In; the North Beach Queen of all Pacific Northwest Summer Resorts OREGON-WASHINGTON RAILROAD & NAVIGATION CO. Sells For CROOK JOURNA County .Official Paper Gives all the County News $1.50 the Year JOB PRINTING of all kinds on Short Notice aipaaiBHOTssHSMiiaaaHRM Give Us a Trial Water's Fine" AT- THE- round trip tickets at low fares with liberal privileges Every Day full particulars, fares, sched ules, etc., ask any agent of the 8 20 2t O-W. R. & N. 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