Image provided by: Santiam Historical Society; Stayton, OR
About The Stayton mail. (Stayton, Marion County, Or.) 1895-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 19, 1912)
HE part played by the rails In feeding a hungry world Is per haps shown nowhere more pic turesquely than In the Union stockyards at Chicago. Impos sible as It may seem, there are at these yards 260 miles of tracks within an area of one square mile. It con nects through a belt line system with more than 26 trunk lines. The cattle country tributary to the Chicago Union stockyards embraces about 1,000.000 square miles, says the Railroad Man's Magazine. The range cattle fatten In the Dakota-Iowa-Kan- saa-Nebraska-Mtnnnsota corn belt In addition to cattle are hogi, sheep, mules end horses. The system of handling this enor mous traffic la In two distinct parts— the traffic over the granger lines prop er and the handling of trains after they leave the freight terminals and enter the belt line tracks. Any one of the big trunk lines may be taken as an example of the resL The live stock traffic of one of these averages a 400 mile haul, the trains having right of way over everything except passenger service. The average stock train Is of 36 loaded cars, and Its speed, all •tops Included, la 35 miles an hour. If the haul la from Omaha, the train will be handled over three divisions, meaning three crews, each consisting of an engineer, fireman, conductor and two brakemen, 15 men In all, and these only to the terminal point December. January, February and March are the banner months, and Monday Is the day of largest receipts at the Chicago yards. Wednesday cornea next. The average njmber of stock cars entering Chicago over one of the great railroads on Sunday night and Monday morning Is 700. Occa sionally the number of cars arriving during the 8unday-Monday 24 hours Is more than a thousand. Thousands of People Employed. The great yards themselves are di vided Into two great sections— the western portion with Its packing honsea and subsidiary Industries, and the eastern part with Its pens and cbutea. Here every weekday of the year more than 60.000 persona labor or transact business. Between eight o'clock each Sunday evening and nine o'clock Monday morning during the four busy months Inclusive from 22,000 to 23,000 cars of stock, comprising approximately a hundred trains, are unloaded In the yards. The process of unloading con sumes around 12 hours. The average must be one car unloaded every 20 seconds. To the casual observer the trains ap pear to be masted In a hopeless jam, and one might walk block after block on the tops of cars But despite this seeming Impenetrable Jungle of roll ing stock, the trains are moved with a precision that would shame moat clocks or watchea. This stock Is shipped principally to commission brokers and seldom to packing houses or other eventual buy ers. Bach train may contain every class of stock that goes Into the yards —horses, mules, sheep, hogs and cat tle. Walk down Exchange avenue In the yards on Sunday afternoon or evening and watch the groups of Idle employes whittling sticks and swapping yarns, with nothing to do but wait. Now and then a passenger goes by. but for the most part It la expectant waiting. And then. Just before dawn the stock trains come hurtling out of the darkness, bringing their thousands of live ani mals. By daybreak the tracks are Jammed for miles with the moving trains, while the uproar la Increased by stock- men shouting, whining, swearing, threatening because they fear they will not have thetr stock un loaded when the market opens. It Is bedlam. As soon as a train arrives at the pens, Its movements having been governed by the train director In the tower, the locomotive la at tached to the opposite end. The length of time consumed In unloading each car Is one and one-half minutes, but many other cars are being emp tied In that same Interval. There are ten chute platform« lead- lag to all parts of the yard, and each holds from I I to 62 cars, making a to T dress of the person to whom the card or booklet 1 b sent. On the front cover la some such pleasing title as "Studies o f Animal Life. The Hog Family.'' On the pages inside are pictures of various members of the hog family, and as the recipient turns to the last page, on the back cover, he finds him self looking Into the mirror for the last member of the family, which may be varied to represent other animals. BOY SCOUT PUZZLE SOLVED Considerable Argument Over Ques tion as to Who Made Bull’s-Eye — — Some Ingenuity Required. When the Boy Scouts held their big target shoot, which resulted In a tie between Oen. Dick, Col. Tom, and C&pL Henry, considerable argument arose as to who made the bulls-eye. "Ton see. It was acknowledged that each had scored 71 points In six shots. Now, It Involves quite a respectable puzzle, for the reason that It re quires some little Ingenuity to pick out the alx which each one must have Boy Scouts’ Puzzle. made to produce three totals of 71 points. The answer Is as follows: The three tie scores wers com posed as follows: First— 50, 10. 6, 3, 2, 1. S econ d- 15. 20. 20, 3, 2, L Third—25, 20. 10, 10, 6 . L A Russian Baby. A traveler from Russia says that Russian babies In Siberia are not very attractive. He says that one day he noticed in one of the houses a curious bundle on a shelf; another hung from a peg In the wall, and a third hung by a rope from the raft- era— this one the mother was swing ing. The traveler discovered that each eurlous bundle was a child; the one In the swinging bundle was the youngest. The traveler looked at the little baby and found It so dirty that he exclaimed In disgust, "Why do you not waeti It?" The mother looked horror-stricken, and ejaculated, "Wash Itl Wash the babyl Why, It would kill It l ” What a happy country Rus sia would be for some boys! Never to hear, "Wash your face and hands,” “ Hava yon brushed your hair?" Copyright. 1312. by Underwood A Underwood. N . T. The model below is the Richelieu turban, named after Cardinal Richelieu of France. It Is composed of red silk crown, denoting the Car dinal's color, pulled and bound wlih a gold embroidered band. 1710 brim Is slightly lolled on the front and sides. The model above Is wearing anoth er style turban hat constructed of fur with a feather standing out at side which will be worn at social functions, being specially tltted to go with low cut gowns and scarf drapery. The hat can be pulled down over the hair to be In style. PLAIDS ALWAYS IN DEMAND I DESIGN FOR SILK STOCKINGS Now Bid Pair to Be More the Rage Than They Have Been for Some Time. Oriental Characters Are the Latest to Be Used by Those Who Lika Embroidery. The material most commented on at present is Scotch plaid, which is al ways associated with autumn, says the Indianapolis News. Numbers of fash ionable women are ordering two skirts with these new plaid costumes. The semi-fitting jacket covering the hips Is worn with a short skirt made for the country. The material Just touches the ankles, an<Tthe trimming consists of a wide box plait, back and front. The same box plaits repeat them selves on the second skirt, ordered for town wear. Below the knees starts s flounce o f the plaid material with narrow box plaits touching one an other. This flounce adds extra width to the new autumn skirts. Straps in plaid trim the jacket at the back, starting at the side beneath a long, square steel buckle. A couple of revers in surah widen as they cross the shoulders and form a hood ending In a point at the waist. One large plaid button fastens the Jacket below the bust Girls who are fond o f needlework will want to embroider themselves two or more pairs of silk stockings In the now fashionable Oriental de signs. Select a good grade o f silk stock ing woven with thread silk, black or any color you desire; then with a sharp-pointed piece of tailor’s chalk outline a design representing some cu rious Chinese or Japanese symbol, lettering or number. These can be found In any Oriental shop or or. a Chinese laundry check. They are not difficult to sketch, being for the most part broad lines crossing each other In a curious manner. These should be slightly padded with very soft darning cotton, so that the center will be raised above the outer edge. The embroidery Is then done In fine floss silk, using brilliant red, green, yellow, purple and blue. All colors rich In tone are effective, and occasionally threads of silver and gold can be Introduced In the embroidery. Care must be taken when applying the work to colored stockings that tha colors used In the embroidery harmo nize with that o f the stocking Itself. Any color or combination o f colors can be used on black. Tiny beads and small flowera are lovely when worked In rich Oriental colors. For example, a spray o f wis taria Is charming on violet silk stock ings. Cherry blossoms on white or green, Iris on blue or yellow, and the flaming poppy on black. When working, an easy way to keep the stocking taut so the embroidery will lie smooth Is to slip a china egg or very smooth darning egg Into tha etocklng, then hold the silk tightly over that as you would for ordinary darning. The embroidery will than be perfectly smooth when worn. EVENING CAP Tinting Lace. A weak solution of permanganate of potash will tint laces that deep shade of ecru so much used at presenL It must be carefully dissolved, oth erwise It will produce stalna which are Impossible to remove. Test the dye with a small piece of muslin before dipping the lace. If the color Is too deep, dilute the solution until the required hue Is obtained. Never allow the lace to remain In the dye; simply dip In and out again. Tea or a solution of coffee Is excel One Perfect Boy. lent to tint laces. The latter pro • j never heard of but one perfect duces the fashionable string color. boy,” said Johnny, pensively, as he Lace trimmings to match the ma ■at In the corner doing penance terial o f the frock are much used this "And who was that?’’ asked mam- season. With two or three simple colors ’’Papa— when he was little," was l _____ even an amateur can produce good re the answer. Then silence reigned for The coiffure matters not at all with sults. the space o f dve minutes. on* o f these quaint new evening caps which are much the fad for theater Fregeh Ralncosts. Tin for Toys. wear. The cap is made of pearl bead The French raincoat la an excellent, A shipload o f pieces o f tin left over ed gold net, which Is mounted over one to wear with fine gowns. It Is from making salmon cans on the Pa thin silk. Heavy pearl bead and tas made o f rubberized crepe de chine and cific coast was racently ssnt to Oer- sel ornaments at the sides drag the peau de sole. These coats are excel saany to be transformed Into little cap dawn over the ears. The hair Is lent protectors, and yet are so light H i soldiers and other toys for chll- softly waved and drawn Huffily beyond In weight that they will not leave their Aren. Heretofore this prodoat has tha edge of the cap. tal of I1J oars that caa be unloaded at Imprint oa a beautiful gown. feaaa entirely wasted I one time. The average la 31 cars to the chute. This roaring, protesting, squealing horde of live stock la urged up the cbutea, with the shoep waiting reluct antly for a leader. Railroad employee and yard opera- Uves detest sheep Sheep won't cross a puddle of water until a bellwether has been yanked over 1L and then they won't atop till their leader has bumped Into a fence and can go no farther. The animals In general are excited, the nerves of the workmen are tense and the controlling clement, time, seems to spin by with tragic flout- ness. As each train la unloaded It be comes a dead thing, so far as the yards are concerned. It Is hurried out of the way, making lta exit over one of the three outgoing tracks and apevdlng back again to the meadows and the prairie reaches. A thrilling acene Is being enacted along the endless rows of pens. Punch ers on horseback (regular western cayuses, at that!) are clattering over the brick pavement or splashing through the tnlre. Buyers represent ing all the packing houses, eastern concerns and even Individuals are rao- Ing to and fro, discussing fine points In the stock, bidding for their favor ite herds. Start for the East. From the northeast and southeast cornera of the yards other trains are moving. These are bound for the easL with stock on hoof traveling toward New York. New England, and other points that attend to their own kill ing. While 2.600 or 3.000 cars are moving Into the yards with their lading of farm animals, about 800 cars are trav eling eastward with live stock that has been purchased that day for those distant market placet And during this same period 00 crews of the stock yards railroad are handling tbelr dead freight shunt ing 8,000 cars Into position, bringing in and taking out the thousand and one things that go to make up Indus try In the stockyards. For those few hours the train di rector Is the busiest man In that whirlpool of Industry- He must ac count for every stop, every start of each train received and returned. He must determine by the bills Just where the consignees can be favored the most, and he must place hla trains so that every chute la operating to Its fullest capacity every moment of these teeming houra. To convey some adequate notion of what this amounts to during the week —Jammed into a few busy hours of each day—let us look at the averages for the weekdays of the four most Industrious months. Monday and Wednesday being the two most prolific shtplpng days, bring about 4.800 loaded cars Into the yards. On Tuesday and Thursday there are added 3.200 more cars, and on Friday and Saturday 1.800 addi tional cart go toward making the grand total of 9.600 cars for the week, constituting 270 trains. Each train moves over approximately four divisions. Besides this, about 1,000 cars of live stock are ahlpped last eaah week, averaging 30 trains, travers ing more than 600 miles end enter- ng a territory where divisions are more frequent. High Society. A new-rich dowager, only recently removed from the environs of a west ern packing house, haa afforded much amusement while clambering up the slippery rounds of the social ladder. One day, after she bad returned from circumnavigating the globe, she essay ed to entertain a drawing-room with a boastful account of her travels She had been everywhere, and her flow of English was augmented by frequent waving* of her bedlamonded hands and forceful nodding* of her Harmed head. "Did you see the Dardanelles?" ask ed a sprightly debutante. “ And the Himalayas?' inquired an other fair young bud. “ I dined with them In Parts,” replied the dowager, triumphantly. And aha wondered why everybody The prince of Monaco presented re cently to the Academy of Sciences In Peris some notes about cephalopoda captured by him at an average depth of about 13,000 feet. Cephalopoda are ootopuaee, cuttlefish and squids. These deep sea creature«, he eald, have suah transparent bodies that ell their Inter nal arrangements can be eeen distinct ly, and even the course of the nerve« through the head and tentacles may b« traced. Several years ago the prince described come cephalopoda which had searchlights fixed upon their beads. Me now describes a species with eye« of which the lower half le luminous, so that the eye serves both for seeing and for lighting Any ani mal that Inhabits such deptha as these do must hare artlflclsl light, for the sun's rays cannot penetrate, and all la abaolute darkness. So the eyes of the«» cephalopoda are perfectly adapt ed to tbelr «-nrlronmenL THE BLANKET TREE. Blankets grow on tree* in Ecuador, and while the Idea of an nil-wool, fresh from the forest, bedcovering might give Insomnia and a backache to the child of civilisation who ilkea to snuggle comfortably under several layers of down and wool, the natives And It all right, as In fact. It la. When an Ecuador Indian wants n blanket ha hunts up a demajagun tree and cuts from It a five or all foot section of the peculiarly soft, thick bark. This la dampened and beaten until the flexibility of the aheet la much Increased. The rough, gray ex terior la next peeled off, and the aheet dried In the sun The result le a blanket, soft, light, end fairly warm, of an attractive cream color It may be rolled Into a compact bundle with out hurt end with ordinary usage will last for eeveral years.— Harper's Weekly. P * FARM HAS TRAGIC HISTORY. A tragic history accompanies a Welsh farm near Swansea The farm la known as “Talywand*.’’ A man named David Davies, a farmer, thirty years old, committed suicide there, a few days ago, by cutting hla throaL When found In a field, the body waa almost* beyond recognition, having been attacked by rats. No fewer than five tnqueata have been held by the coroner at the farm on bodlea of members o f the family during the past few years, and all met singular deaths. The father waa killed by being run over by a cart which he was driving: the mother died sudden ly; an elder brother waa thrown off hts horse and killed, and another brother hanged himself. A previous occupant of tha farm, prior to the tenancy of the Davlesea, also hanged himself. i SMOKE COSTS MILLIONS. More than 1600,000,000 a year Is done In damage to merchandise, de facement o f buildings, tarnishing of metals. Injury to human and plant life. Increased cost of housekeeping and losses to manufacturers due to Imper fect combustion of coal. In other words. In abating the emoke nuisance In the large cities this amount of money will be saved, as well as In creasing the comfort and convenience of the resident*. An Important step In this direction has been taken In Pittsburg, where the University of Pittsburg has undertaken to call the matter to the attention of those Inter ested In a series of papers published In the form of bulletins. FIR8T SON NOT A LW A Y S BEST, The first born son Is not necessarily the smartest, according to history. Among famous men of genius who came along late In their families are Joseph David, Napoleon, Dickens, Lin coln, Washington. Cromwell, Tolstoi, Daniel Webster, Franklin, Balsac, Ten nyson, Chopin, Tan Dyck and Rem brandt. The oldest son In thq family Is not necessarily the best Being tha oldest, of course, he will put on the roost airs and be a family leader be cause of mere flrstnesa, but the young est boy may be the one whose name will become distinguished, or the one who will be the greatest comfort to his parents.—Oalllpolls Tribune. UNIT OF MAGNETISM. The electron, or unit of electricity, Is now supposed to form a material part of the stoma of the various ele ments, and Prof. Pierre Weiss haa at tempted to prove that a similar par- tide, which he calls the “ magneton." Is the unit of magnetism. In testing his theory be has made numerous ex periments on raagnetlMtlon at vary low temperatures. He haa found con firmation of his view, and believes he has shown ths presence of magneton In the atoms of Iron, nickel, cobalL copper, manganese and the metals of the rare earths. 4 5