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THE ONTAHIO ARGUS, ONTAHIO, OR E0.ON, THURSDAY, JUNE !), 1021
ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING
MALMEUK CGUNH'8 RANCHERS
Continued from 1'ago Ono
linB bornmo n sorloiiB pest ami
inTjst bo cilinbnttod without qucB
tlon. Wliotlior this rnn lio dono suc
cessfully by artificial menus rumnltiH
to lio scon ns dooB tho iimttor of
prnctlcnl Introduction of natural par
nBltlo ntul limoct enemies of tho
weovll from Europo Tho post Ib
cortnlnly to bo reckoned with, but
It Is entirely reasonable to think
that It will bo controlled If tho pro
duction of Imy Is profltnblo cnotiRh
to do so.
Tho question would then dosolvo
ItBolf Into this; tho prospective do
mntid nnd market valua of alfalfa
hay In rolntlon to costB of produc
tion. This naturally calls for an
analysis of prospoctlvo markots and
of costs of producing nlfnlfn hay
undor local conditions. I cannot ns
Hiitiio to predict what tho prlco of
alfalfa hay will ho over a tolim of
years In tho future but thoro nro
Bomo phases of tho subject which
might woll bo considered In relation
to It. lloth markot values and pro
duction costs aro suhjoct to various
disturbing Influences, such ns wo
havo during tho high prices receiv
ed In 1018- 19 when costs woro
not as grcnt ns for tho 1920 crop
prices which went to plecos.
Under normal conditions, tho
value of Malheur county hay de
pends on three things: Itauge Block
demands, farm stock domandn, and
shipping domnnds. Tho food which
will bo consumed by rnngo live
stock Is mnro or less In Inverse
rntlo to tho prlco of It and would
normally bo what can bo fed profit
ably. Whether tho avorngo prlco of
rango Ilvostock and products from
tho Hamo will bo sufficient to enable
both llvontockman nnd hnyuimi to
mnko a profit Is questionable. If
spneo pormlts, I bollovo that the
following article written by l'rof,
H. L. Potter of tho Anlmnl Hus
bandry Department and printed in
JusttheThreeof Us :
Tho Producer
Tho Merchant
Tho Consumer
Hero's as near tho "PRODUCER-CONSUMER-DIRECT"
ida ns you will ever &et in clothing.
Tho Wostorn Wool Growers Associations tho mon
who own tin hiwpin muiiufucturin& thoir "Virgin" Wool
1101111113 uenniig inis inuoi
havo eliminated every profit sharing point that is possiblo
and still givo good service They own thoir sheep
manufacture tho cloth from tho wool muko tho clothes.
No woolen jobbers, commission men nor selling organi
zations sharo in the profits.
Wo aro thowlnft a lurft niortmnt of thtM
GOOD CLOTHES
. at decidedly reasonable prices. Let us ihow you.
TOGGERY BILL
-mnKnKnmlisaLtinx
4&&
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Jlfwaf lUl'ltr
(! ttlUd
Muml Ttttmj),
JUlMhr
NuIkuI tori,
rqvgeoustMt Raimtr4
Mount Rainier is 14,408 feet
above the sea-level tho sec
ond highest mountain peak in
the United States. It Is the cen
ter of Rainier National Paflc,
Washington and is situated
about seventy-five miles by
road east of Tacoma.
This remarkable mountain
is of volcanic-origin and is now
crowned with snow and Ice,
having the most extensive
glaciers to be found in the
United States.
The National Parks High
way leads directly from Ta
coma to Rainier National Park,
and ot Longmlre Springs
within the.Park boundaries
is a Standard Oil service sta
tion ready to serve motorists
with Red Crown Gasoline.
Wherever you tour in
Washington you will see the
Red Crown sign on service sta
tions and garages. It is the sign
of quality in gasoline.
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
tyeVasolive
of Quality
M
incsresxzn
tho Wostorn Drcoders Journal will
bo ot Intercut and value to both
clnsscB of preducers:
"Many of tho hay producers In
eastern Oregon nnd Idnho feel that
they aro being robbed when thoy
havo to boII hay at $7 a ton In tho
stack. Wo maintain that for rals
Ing cnttlo $7 Is all thnt tho hay Is
worth with cattle at tho prices they
aro now. Wo maintain that a cat
tlomnn cannot afford to pay mora
for a ton of hay than he can got
for 100 pounds of beef on tho farm
nnd that nt present Is not moro
than $7.
Tho stockmon nlmost universally
estlmato that It requires at least
ono ton of hay to winter n cow.
Home feed mora than this. Actual
experimental test shows thnt a
1000-pound cow fed ono ton ot lmy
In four months (10 2-3 pounds n
day) will Just hold lior own In
weight. If this ton of hay Is
snroad o-.or a longor tlmo thoro will
ho a loss of weight. A calf fed
ono ton of hay In four months will
gain a little In weight, but loso In
condition. It given all ho will cat
It will tako Hi tons for four
mouths.
There aro, of courso, localities
whore It Is not nosossnry to feed as
long as four months, but thoro arc
many localities whoro a longor feed
Is necessary.
Cost of ItiiUIng it Cult
As Indicating Bomothlng of tho
costs of raising a calf tho follow
lug estlmato, or budgot, Is pro-
i pared. i
Iloglnnlng Novomber 1 with 100
cows at $G0 each:
Intorost on cows (8 per cent of
$6000) $ 400
Tnxes on cnttlo 76
Death losses, 3 por cent 1C0
Dull charges 200
Hiding nnd salt 250
liny tor wlntor, 100 tons nt $7 700
Labor of feeding hay at $1.00 1G0
Pasture and rnngo, 8 mouths
nt CO cents 400
Total costs 232C
In ordor to covor this cost nnd
thoroby return Intorost on tho In
vestment and labor wo would havo
to havo a calf crop worth this
nmount. or $232G. This would
tnko 83 calvos, wolghlng 400 lbs,
ouch nnd soiling for 7 cents a lb., or
$28 n head. A good calf ought to
bring $28 at prosont prices, but to
start with 100 cows and a year
Inter wean 83 calves would bo far
abovo -tho nvorngo. Whoro tho cat
tlo run on tho open rnngo for a
good deal ot tho tlmo 70 calves
would bo very good. Whoro tho
pnsturo charge might bo a little
loss, but not much, bocauso It Is al
ways necessary to provldo some pus
turo othor thun opon rango far curly
nnd lato uso and In tho opon rango
districts tho charges for such pns
turo otton nmount to $4 a month
On tho other hand, whoro tho cnt
tlo spond tho entire soason In fenced
rnngo tho 83 calvos would bo a pos
Hlhlllty, but tho pnsturo charges
would bo moro. Tho Investment In
fonced pasture sufficient to run n
cow will usunlly nmount to $100 a
bond. It will tnko 8 por cent to
covor both Intercut nnd taxes, mak
ing tho pnsturo cost $8 a head In
stond ot $4, as glvou in tho foro
golng ostlmatoB. This would In
rroaso our budgot by $400 nnd our
83 calves would havo to bring
$32 83 n head to covor tho costs.
What $10 or $1C hay would da to
this oxpenso bill Is pinin enough
It Is prohibitive.
Yonrllngs nnd 2-yonr-old stoors
may bo grown at u little loss cost
per milium than tho cost of running
cows, but tlm annual cost will run
undor tho conditions abovo outlined
over $20 a bond and this means
that a gain of 300 pounds a hoad
must bo obtained to pay the bill.
Bvory cattloman knows that 300
pounds a yenr Is good gain to be
mado on ono ton of hay and $4
worth of pasture. Somo stockmon
do hotter than this, but nt addod
costs. A great many do not do
that woll.
As a gcnoral rule tho costs of
operation In southeastern Orogon
will bo loss than abovo outlined
and tho lucomo also loss, while in
northoastorn Oregon tho costs will
otton bo higher. Those differences
In costs Ho mostly in tho cost of
suminor grazing.
At any rato It will ho booh thnt
wo nro most conservative In say
ing thnt a cattleman cannot afford
to pay more tar a ton of hay In
tho stack man no can got on tuo
farm, for 100 pounds of beef."
Roniethlng of tho attitude of tho
stockmen which may serve to shod
light on tho demands which will bo
mado for hay hereafter may be
gleaned from tho resolution passed
by the Oregon Horse and Cnttlo
Qrowors association at Its meotlng
In Canyon City on May 24 and 26
This .nttltudo, together with the fact
that great strldos have been mado
In many sections which havo here
tofore been heavy hay buyers In de
veloping their own feed supplies
should nt least be recognized by
hay growers In considering future
operations, Wallowa county alone
purchased about three quarters of
a million dollars worth ot hay In
1919, a great deal of It from Mal
heur county Today thoy have n
substantial surplus, duo to decreas
ed numbers ot stock to some ox
tent but also due to the erection ot
Bcores of silos to hold sunflower en
sllnco Other sections have increas
ed the acreage under irrigation as
wn have our own. Tho resolution
follews:
Whereas, there Is an over-production
of cattle in the Pacific North
west; and
Whereas, we believe that it would
bo better to check the breeding of
cattle Instead of continuing to over
stock the market; therefore
He it resolved, by the Cattle and
Horse Ralsnrs' Association ot Ore
gon, that the livestock men of the
Pacific Northwest curtail produc
tion 'by eliminating all undesirable
breeding stock, and cut down their
herds so as to bo within the carry
ing capacity of their own hay nnd
pasture, and theroby produce bet
ter and fewer cattle for market
KTaki A. 1 1 tlm damnnila of farm
livestock, there Is at present very '
little farm livestock and whether
thoro will bo moro or loss depends
on tho profits thnt can bo mado from
thorn in tho long run, nlthough
right now thoro nro many obstacles
In tho .way of an Incrcnso Bitch as
uncertainty of markets In tho fu
ture and lack of finances to cnahla
thoso who would otherwlso Incrcnso
thoir farm livestock. Tho point Is,
thoro Is not sufficient farm live
stock to cut much flguro In con
suming liny at present and until tho
numbers of farm nnlmnls aro In
creased to maka up for tho falling
off of rnngo stock nnd the constant
Incrcnso In ncrongo of liny, tho con
sumption of hay whoro grown Is not
likely to oqunl tho supply, It the
crop continues to bo grown on the
prosont basis.
Tho third menus of marketing
liny, or tho shipping demand, Is n
matter which mny woll bo consider
ed In rolntlon to nvorngo values In
tho past nnd probable freight rates.
Wo need not go much further with
tho argument than to say tho pros
ent farm price of liny Is nbout what
tho average farm prlco of hay wits
ovor n torn of years JubI preced
ing tho War. Freight rntes aro
higher and whether thoy will con
tinue bo or not remnlns to bo seen.
However, If freight rates woro ro-
ducod to pro-war tavcls, It would
hardly ho proritablo to ship hay
from this section nt present prices.
This need bo nrgucd no further thnn
to call attention to tho fact that
very little hay was over shipped
from this section previous to the
high prlco period of tho War, ro-
gardloss of how low prlcos were
horo.
Now as to tho cost of producing
liny, thoro Is much dlffcrcnra of
opinion as thoro mny woll bo, for wo
havo n great diversity of farms
both In slzo nnd soil quality. Also
farmers differ In ability to produce
economically, nnd thoro nro other
factors which effect tho cost such as
land values, cost of water, etc. How-
over, from studying a largo number
of rnrms nnd taking tho nvcrngo, I
havo arrlvod nt tho following ns
tho ovorhond cost por ton on n typi
en I 40-acro farm manngod ns. ef
ficiently as could bo oxpedtod.
Interest on Investment In land
.and buildings, $8000.00 at
I'c $ COO
Intorost nnd depreciation on
work stock, mnchlnory nnd
oqulpmont, $700.00 nt 20 140
Taxes, county nnd stnto 100
Water 200
Total $1000
Avorngo yield of 40, less horso
food, 1GC tons.
Avorngo overhead cost, $0.00
Thcso figures nro moro than con
sorvntlvo, unless It Is to be nrguod
that tho nvoraga forty aero farm Is
not worth $8000.00. mit to offset
nny conclusion which might result
from such nrgument, lot It bo ro
momborod thnt this Is an avorngo
and not a "bulk lino" ovorhond cost,
by which I moan that a flguro of
this kind should bo so set thnt 80
por cent of tho fnrmcrs would bo
nblo to prodtico at cost or nhovo,
whorcas on "avorngo" means thnt
ono half ot tho farmors aro produc
ing at n loss and that cannot on
duro, particularly under Irrigation
districts whoro tho succoss of tho
ontlro project Ib dependent on tho
succoss or most of tho Individuals
under It. Allowing for tho bulk
lino cstlmnto nnd nddlng on n llttlo
for Insurance on hay and Insurance
and depreciation on farm buildings,
otc, wo can placo the ovorhond cost
on tho 40-acro farm nt about $7 oo
Allowing tho modest labor lucomo
for tho oporntor, whether owner or
tenant, at $00 00 per month, tho
coat por ton would bo Inrroased by
$4.35, making tho totnl cost per
ton $11.35. This flguro Is consider
ably bolow "hulk lino costs" far
1020, but It Is given ns a flguro
which might bo approximated In
future operations. It mny bo taken
for what It Is worth In connection
with hay values for beef production
as given by Prof. 'Potior,
Now this nrtlclo has grown rather
lengthy, but I do not want to cIobo
without commenting on your clos
ing paragraph. I qulto agroo with
you that tho problem Is ono which
tho farmers must solve, In tho main
"with such help ns tho business
mon cun legitimately givo thorn "
Also, your siiKKOstlon that tho nn
turo of this holp should bo suggest
ed by tho farmers who best know
tho needs, shows appreciation on
your part of tho fact that farmors
know their business bettor thnn
most business men give thorn credit
for, Howevor, it seems to mo that
tho agricultural situation In tho
countv Is woll worth Bomo honest-to-goodnoss
consideration by tho
buslnosB men and a real manifesta
tion on their part that thoy aro
ready to cooperato with the farmors
In putting across soma worthwhile
propositions for tho geitrral welfare
Otherwlso, wo may soe business men
looking for now locations, Just as
somo of our farmors aro talking of
at present.
If wo must havo more dairy cows,
pigs and chickens, then wo must
nlso have moro farhi capital, moro
farmors on tho farms, and more
cows, pigs and chickens. Tho nvor
ngo man on tho farm today could
not oxpand his business by two or
three times in ordor to feed all his
crops to livestock Ho hasn't
onough capital to ovon produco tho
crops In many Instances, If ho al
lowed part of his land to lie Idlo
In ordor to divort his attentions to
the dairy business, who would pay
tho Intorost, water, and taxos and
what would happen to nil of our Ir
rigation districts upon whlcji tho
very life of tho whole county de
pends? Even thoso who would
ombark on diversified farming and
farm livestock keeping cannot al
ways do bo. I believe that what Is
needed Is some constructive action
on the fundamental needs of tho
wholo community nnd the business
men might well take a prominent
part In somo enterprise to actually
place high class stock within tho
reach, both financially and physical
ly, of thoso of the farmers who now
desire It, and to bring to tho county
more mon who want to farm under
the diversified plan, thus making It
more nearly possible to follow the
excellent advice of "Farmer" Smith
and actually do sqmo ot these
things.
I
Hi
ARROW
FLOUR
THIS IS POSI
TIVELY THE BEST
FLOUR IN ONTAR
IO. LET US HAVE
YOUR ORDERS.
E. A. FRASER
HiifH
DON'T! DON'T! DON'T!
DON'T send to n mailorder house fur Jewelry, until you soo
mo I will tell you why,
DON'T lot somo Inexporlenrod person spoil your watch or
Jewolry by trying to repair It.
DON'T lot somo dishonest Jeweler sell you n whlto Snphlro for
a Diamond, buy from a Jowolur who knows what gradu they
aro.
DON'T let a Jowolor toll you that n cynthotlo Kuby Is tho
snmo as n reconstructed Ituby. cnll and find out tho differ
on co.
DON'T let any ono toll you thnt four K. Quid Is as good us
fourtoon, I can muko tho proper tests, us I linvo had twonty
six years experience.
I can furnish you nny thing In tho Jewelry lino, on short
notice.
I havo somo reconstructed Ituby Kings In stock, prices
right.
I give satisfaction, or money back.
lllllllll
HENRY MILLER
ONTAHIO,
OHKaON
REPRESENTATIVE
WANTED
I'. N. Clark & Company of Portland, Oregon, doslro to
seciiro tho services of u responsiblo man as thoir local rep
resentative in Malheur County,
Qualifications uecotwary; local hank references as to
character und responsibility, ability to furnish satisfactory
bond, selling ability, and If possiblo nxporlonco In buying und
selling of securities.
We have a very attractive proposition to offor tho right
man. Position pormanent.
It a man, otherwlso qualified, lacks tho training, wo
shall ho glad to train him.
Address communications to Mr. Orton B. Goodwin,
Tronsurer, F. N. Clark & Company, 1009 Wilcox Hldg , Port
land, Oregon.
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