mBmmmmrtmvx frr, -, 'jL tuaazs&aars THE ONTAHIO ARGUS, ONTAHIO, OR E0.ON, THURSDAY, JUNE !), 1021 ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING MALMEUK CGUNH'8 RANCHERS Continued from 1'ago Ono linB bornmo n sorloiiB pest ami inTjst bo cilinbnttod without qucB tlon. Wliotlior this rnn lio dono suc cessfully by artificial menus rumnltiH to lio scon ns dooB tho iimttor of prnctlcnl Introduction of natural par nBltlo ntul limoct enemies of tho weovll from Europo Tho post Ib cortnlnly to bo reckoned with, but It Is entirely reasonable to think that It will bo controlled If tho pro duction of Imy Is profltnblo cnotiRh to do so. Tho question would then dosolvo ItBolf Into this; tho prospective do mntid nnd market valua of alfalfa hay In rolntlon to costB of produc tion. This naturally calls for an analysis of prospoctlvo markots and of costs of producing nlfnlfn hay undor local conditions. I cannot ns Hiitiio to predict what tho prlco of alfalfa hay will ho over a tolim of years In tho future but thoro nro Bomo phases of tho subject which might woll bo considered In relation to It. lloth markot values and pro duction costs aro suhjoct to various disturbing Influences, such ns wo havo during tho high prices receiv ed In 1018- 19 when costs woro not as grcnt ns for tho 1920 crop prices which went to plecos. Under normal conditions, tho value of Malheur county hay de pends on three things: Itauge Block demands, farm stock domandn, and shipping domnnds. Tho food which will bo consumed by rnngo live stock Is mnro or less In Inverse rntlo to tho prlco of It and would normally bo what can bo fed profit ably. Whether tho avorngo prlco of rango Ilvostock and products from tho Hamo will bo sufficient to enable both llvontockman nnd hnyuimi to mnko a profit Is questionable. If spneo pormlts, I bollovo that the following article written by l'rof, H. L. Potter of tho Anlmnl Hus bandry Department and printed in JusttheThreeof Us : Tho Producer Tho Merchant Tho Consumer Hero's as near tho "PRODUCER-CONSUMER-DIRECT" ida ns you will ever &et in clothing. Tho Wostorn Wool Growers Associations tho mon who own tin hiwpin muiiufucturin& thoir "Virgin" Wool 1101111113 uenniig inis inuoi havo eliminated every profit sharing point that is possiblo and still givo good service They own thoir sheep manufacture tho cloth from tho wool muko tho clothes. No woolen jobbers, commission men nor selling organi zations sharo in the profits. Wo aro thowlnft a lurft niortmnt of thtM GOOD CLOTHES . at decidedly reasonable prices. Let us ihow you. TOGGERY BILL -mnKnKnmlisaLtinx 4&& ? Jlfwaf lUl'ltr (! ttlUd Muml Ttttmj), JUlMhr NuIkuI tori, rqvgeoustMt Raimtr4 Mount Rainier is 14,408 feet above the sea-level tho sec ond highest mountain peak in the United States. It Is the cen ter of Rainier National Paflc, Washington and is situated about seventy-five miles by road east of Tacoma. This remarkable mountain is of volcanic-origin and is now crowned with snow and Ice, having the most extensive glaciers to be found in the United States. The National Parks High way leads directly from Ta coma to Rainier National Park, and ot Longmlre Springs within the.Park boundaries is a Standard Oil service sta tion ready to serve motorists with Red Crown Gasoline. Wherever you tour in Washington you will see the Red Crown sign on service sta tions and garages. It is the sign of quality in gasoline. STANDARD OIL COMPANY tyeVasolive of Quality M incsresxzn tho Wostorn Drcoders Journal will bo ot Intercut and value to both clnsscB of preducers: "Many of tho hay producers In eastern Oregon nnd Idnho feel that they aro being robbed when thoy havo to boII hay at $7 a ton In tho stack. Wo maintain that for rals Ing cnttlo $7 Is all thnt tho hay Is worth with cattle at tho prices they aro now. Wo maintain that a cat tlomnn cannot afford to pay mora for a ton of hay than he can got for 100 pounds of beef on tho farm nnd that nt present Is not moro than $7. Tho stockmon nlmost universally estlmato that It requires at least ono ton of hay to winter n cow. Home feed mora than this. Actual experimental test shows thnt a 1000-pound cow fed ono ton ot lmy In four months (10 2-3 pounds n day) will Just hold lior own In weight. If this ton of hay Is snroad o-.or a longor tlmo thoro will ho a loss of weight. A calf fed ono ton of hay In four months will gain a little In weight, but loso In condition. It given all ho will cat It will tako Hi tons for four mouths. There aro, of courso, localities whore It Is not nosossnry to feed as long as four months, but thoro arc many localities whoro a longor feed Is necessary. Cost of ItiiUIng it Cult As Indicating Bomothlng of tho costs of raising a calf tho follow lug estlmato, or budgot, Is pro- i pared. i Iloglnnlng Novomber 1 with 100 cows at $G0 each: Intorost on cows (8 per cent of $6000) $ 400 Tnxes on cnttlo 76 Death losses, 3 por cent 1C0 Dull charges 200 Hiding nnd salt 250 liny tor wlntor, 100 tons nt $7 700 Labor of feeding hay at $1.00 1G0 Pasture and rnngo, 8 mouths nt CO cents 400 Total costs 232C In ordor to covor this cost nnd thoroby return Intorost on tho In vestment and labor wo would havo to havo a calf crop worth this nmount. or $232G. This would tnko 83 calvos, wolghlng 400 lbs, ouch nnd soiling for 7 cents a lb., or $28 n head. A good calf ought to bring $28 at prosont prices, but to start with 100 cows and a year Inter wean 83 calves would bo far abovo -tho nvorngo. Whoro tho cat tlo run on tho open rnngo for a good deal ot tho tlmo 70 calves would bo very good. Whoro tho pnsturo charge might bo a little loss, but not much, bocauso It Is al ways necessary to provldo some pus turo othor thun opon rango far curly nnd lato uso and In tho opon rango districts tho charges for such pns turo otton nmount to $4 a month On tho other hand, whoro tho cnt tlo spond tho entire soason In fenced rnngo tho 83 calvos would bo a pos Hlhlllty, but tho pnsturo charges would bo moro. Tho Investment In fonced pasture sufficient to run n cow will usunlly nmount to $100 a bond. It will tnko 8 por cent to covor both Intercut nnd taxes, mak ing tho pnsturo cost $8 a head In stond ot $4, as glvou in tho foro golng ostlmatoB. This would In rroaso our budgot by $400 nnd our 83 calves would havo to bring $32 83 n head to covor tho costs. What $10 or $1C hay would da to this oxpenso bill Is pinin enough It Is prohibitive. Yonrllngs nnd 2-yonr-old stoors may bo grown at u little loss cost per milium than tho cost of running cows, but tlm annual cost will run undor tho conditions abovo outlined over $20 a bond and this means that a gain of 300 pounds a hoad must bo obtained to pay the bill. Bvory cattloman knows that 300 pounds a yenr Is good gain to be mado on ono ton of hay and $4 worth of pasture. Somo stockmon do hotter than this, but nt addod costs. A great many do not do that woll. As a gcnoral rule tho costs of operation In southeastern Orogon will bo loss than abovo outlined and tho lucomo also loss, while in northoastorn Oregon tho costs will otton bo higher. Those differences In costs Ho mostly in tho cost of suminor grazing. At any rato It will ho booh thnt wo nro most conservative In say ing thnt a cattleman cannot afford to pay more tar a ton of hay In tho stack man no can got on tuo farm, for 100 pounds of beef." Roniethlng of tho attitude of tho stockmen which may serve to shod light on tho demands which will bo mado for hay hereafter may be gleaned from tho resolution passed by the Oregon Horse and Cnttlo Qrowors association at Its meotlng In Canyon City on May 24 and 26 This .nttltudo, together with the fact that great strldos have been mado In many sections which havo here tofore been heavy hay buyers In de veloping their own feed supplies should nt least be recognized by hay growers In considering future operations, Wallowa county alone purchased about three quarters of a million dollars worth ot hay In 1919, a great deal of It from Mal heur county Today thoy have n substantial surplus, duo to decreas ed numbers ot stock to some ox tent but also due to the erection ot Bcores of silos to hold sunflower en sllnco Other sections have increas ed the acreage under irrigation as wn have our own. Tho resolution follews: Whereas, there Is an over-production of cattle in the Pacific North west; and Whereas, we believe that it would bo better to check the breeding of cattle Instead of continuing to over stock the market; therefore He it resolved, by the Cattle and Horse Ralsnrs' Association ot Ore gon, that the livestock men of the Pacific Northwest curtail produc tion 'by eliminating all undesirable breeding stock, and cut down their herds so as to bo within the carry ing capacity of their own hay nnd pasture, and theroby produce bet ter and fewer cattle for market KTaki A. 1 1 tlm damnnila of farm livestock, there Is at present very ' little farm livestock and whether thoro will bo moro or loss depends on tho profits thnt can bo mado from thorn in tho long run, nlthough right now thoro nro many obstacles In tho .way of an Incrcnso Bitch as uncertainty of markets In tho fu ture and lack of finances to cnahla thoso who would otherwlso Incrcnso thoir farm livestock. Tho point Is, thoro Is not sufficient farm live stock to cut much flguro In con suming liny at present and until tho numbers of farm nnlmnls aro In creased to maka up for tho falling off of rnngo stock nnd the constant Incrcnso In ncrongo of liny, tho con sumption of hay whoro grown Is not likely to oqunl tho supply, It the crop continues to bo grown on the prosont basis. Tho third menus of marketing liny, or tho shipping demand, Is n matter which mny woll bo consider ed In rolntlon to nvorngo values In tho past nnd probable freight rates. Wo need not go much further with tho argument than to say tho pros ent farm price of liny Is nbout what tho average farm prlco of hay wits ovor n torn of years JubI preced ing tho War. Freight rntes aro higher and whether thoy will con tinue bo or not remnlns to bo seen. However, If freight rates woro ro- ducod to pro-war tavcls, It would hardly ho proritablo to ship hay from this section nt present prices. This need bo nrgucd no further thnn to call attention to tho fact that very little hay was over shipped from this section previous to the high prlco period of tho War, ro- gardloss of how low prlcos were horo. Now as to tho cost of producing liny, thoro Is much dlffcrcnra of opinion as thoro mny woll bo, for wo havo n great diversity of farms both In slzo nnd soil quality. Also farmers differ In ability to produce economically, nnd thoro nro other factors which effect tho cost such as land values, cost of water, etc. How- over, from studying a largo number of rnrms nnd taking tho nvcrngo, I havo arrlvod nt tho following ns tho ovorhond cost por ton on n typi en I 40-acro farm manngod ns. ef ficiently as could bo oxpedtod. Interest on Investment In land .and buildings, $8000.00 at I'c $ COO Intorost nnd depreciation on work stock, mnchlnory nnd oqulpmont, $700.00 nt 20 140 Taxes, county nnd stnto 100 Water 200 Total $1000 Avorngo yield of 40, less horso food, 1GC tons. Avorngo overhead cost, $0.00 Thcso figures nro moro than con sorvntlvo, unless It Is to be nrguod that tho nvoraga forty aero farm Is not worth $8000.00. mit to offset nny conclusion which might result from such nrgument, lot It bo ro momborod thnt this Is an avorngo and not a "bulk lino" ovorhond cost, by which I moan that a flguro of this kind should bo so set thnt 80 por cent of tho fnrmcrs would bo nblo to prodtico at cost or nhovo, whorcas on "avorngo" means thnt ono half ot tho farmors aro produc ing at n loss and that cannot on duro, particularly under Irrigation districts whoro tho succoss of tho ontlro project Ib dependent on tho succoss or most of tho Individuals under It. Allowing for tho bulk lino cstlmnto nnd nddlng on n llttlo for Insurance on hay and Insurance and depreciation on farm buildings, otc, wo can placo the ovorhond cost on tho 40-acro farm nt about $7 oo Allowing tho modest labor lucomo for tho oporntor, whether owner or tenant, at $00 00 per month, tho coat por ton would bo Inrroased by $4.35, making tho totnl cost per ton $11.35. This flguro Is consider ably bolow "hulk lino costs" far 1020, but It Is given ns a flguro which might bo approximated In future operations. It mny bo taken for what It Is worth In connection with hay values for beef production as given by Prof. 'Potior, Now this nrtlclo has grown rather lengthy, but I do not want to cIobo without commenting on your clos ing paragraph. I qulto agroo with you that tho problem Is ono which tho farmers must solve, In tho main "with such help ns tho business mon cun legitimately givo thorn " Also, your siiKKOstlon that tho nn turo of this holp should bo suggest ed by tho farmers who best know tho needs, shows appreciation on your part of tho fact that farmors know their business bettor thnn most business men give thorn credit for, Howevor, it seems to mo that tho agricultural situation In tho countv Is woll worth Bomo honest-to-goodnoss consideration by tho buslnosB men and a real manifesta tion on their part that thoy aro ready to cooperato with the farmors In putting across soma worthwhile propositions for tho geitrral welfare Otherwlso, wo may soe business men looking for now locations, Just as somo of our farmors aro talking of at present. If wo must havo more dairy cows, pigs and chickens, then wo must nlso have moro farhi capital, moro farmors on tho farms, and more cows, pigs and chickens. Tho nvor ngo man on tho farm today could not oxpand his business by two or three times in ordor to feed all his crops to livestock Ho hasn't onough capital to ovon produco tho crops In many Instances, If ho al lowed part of his land to lie Idlo In ordor to divort his attentions to the dairy business, who would pay tho Intorost, water, and taxos and what would happen to nil of our Ir rigation districts upon whlcji tho very life of tho whole county de pends? Even thoso who would ombark on diversified farming and farm livestock keeping cannot al ways do bo. I believe that what Is needed Is some constructive action on the fundamental needs of tho wholo community nnd the business men might well take a prominent part In somo enterprise to actually place high class stock within tho reach, both financially and physical ly, of thoso of the farmers who now desire It, and to bring to tho county more mon who want to farm under the diversified plan, thus making It more nearly possible to follow the excellent advice of "Farmer" Smith and actually do sqmo ot these things. I Hi ARROW FLOUR THIS IS POSI TIVELY THE BEST FLOUR IN ONTAR IO. LET US HAVE YOUR ORDERS. E. A. FRASER HiifH DON'T! DON'T! DON'T! DON'T send to n mailorder house fur Jewelry, until you soo mo I will tell you why, DON'T lot somo Inexporlenrod person spoil your watch or Jewolry by trying to repair It. DON'T lot somo dishonest Jeweler sell you n whlto Snphlro for a Diamond, buy from a Jowolur who knows what gradu they aro. DON'T let a Jowolor toll you that n cynthotlo Kuby Is tho snmo as n reconstructed Ituby. cnll and find out tho differ on co. DON'T let any ono toll you thnt four K. Quid Is as good us fourtoon, I can muko tho proper tests, us I linvo had twonty six years experience. I can furnish you nny thing In tho Jewelry lino, on short notice. I havo somo reconstructed Ituby Kings In stock, prices right. I give satisfaction, or money back. lllllllll HENRY MILLER ONTAHIO, OHKaON REPRESENTATIVE WANTED I'. N. Clark & Company of Portland, Oregon, doslro to seciiro tho services of u responsiblo man as thoir local rep resentative in Malheur County, Qualifications uecotwary; local hank references as to character und responsibility, ability to furnish satisfactory bond, selling ability, and If possiblo nxporlonco In buying und selling of securities. We have a very attractive proposition to offor tho right man. Position pormanent. It a man, otherwlso qualified, lacks tho training, wo shall ho glad to train him. Address communications to Mr. Orton B. Goodwin, Tronsurer, F. N. Clark & Company, 1009 Wilcox Hldg , Port land, Oregon. lf-'s ft r .t r i l' O I It , t 1