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About The Turner tribune. (Turner, Or.) 19??-19?? | View Entire Issue (Aug. 30, 1928)
mi: rmiii NK. miM'.h. oiuhìon Wins in Arctic north, rumors o f faint signals Soviet Ship Kraaain Per' -Î hurried > iro the Italia w e « being circulated formed “ Miracle” in No The rumor* w e « not widely believed uniII two weeks after the crash Radio bile Reacue. Operator Blag! o f the Italia succeeded New fo r k .—The experts said there w »s no more hope, that only a miracle could now save twenty-one men lost In the Arctic with the dirigible Italia or In searching for those so lost. All the efforts of science were powerless against the obstacles which the Old Man of the North contrived to put In their path, they said. The experts were wrong. Where air planes equipped with pontoons and radio, airplanes o f all sites and de signs, handled by the best pilots of Europe, had managed, after weeks of labor, to bring one of the Italia's crew to safety, the Russian Ice breaker Krassin. a mere ship, res cued seven and then turned around and rescued three would be rescuers Airplanes and wireless played a part, but the actual hero of the res cue was the strong, slow vessel built to dispute the right of way with Ice bergs. And. wh le six other nations contributed their share, the glory of the exploit belongs to Russia, R e crim inations Fly. For a month the Krnssin pushed doggedly on through the northern aeae It was a month during which airplanes buzzed helplessly over sick and starving men, or sought for them in vain or got lost themselves. Other ships than the Krassin were unable to penetrate the Ice. Men on foot and men with dog teams struggled to ward the goal o f a little red tent on a disintegrating ice floe. But at the mouths end only Gen. Umberto No bile o f all the sixteen men who flew OTer the North pole In the Italia had been saved. His reseuer, marooned for two week's himself, was also brought back. Other rescu e« were less fortunate. Captain Sera, Italian alpinist, and his Dutch companion. Van Dongen, were missing. Capt. Roald Amundsen and four comrades were lost after the explorer. Ignoring his old quarrel with Nobile, had set out to the rescue In a French plane. The Amundsen party it still missing, as are six o f the Italia's crew. Two members of the crew are known to be dead. Now, while preparations are being rushed for the Krassin’a continued search for the remaimW o f 'he lost men, recriminations are flying and hints of carelessness and folly are freely expressed. The Russian press, glorying In the achievement of the Russian relief ex pedition, which accomplished more than all the others put together, does not hesitate to attribute the loss of the Italia to mismanagement from the start and to Fascist ambition which sent the dirigible on her last journey In the face o f unfavorable weather reports. Heard Final S O S . EveD more serious Insinuations have been made against Capts. Alberto Mariano and Flippo Zappl, who have been quoted as admitting they left their Injured comrade. Dr. Finn Malm- gren, dying on the Ice while they took all the provisions for the three and pushed on toward safety. 4, The bitterness of these reports Is the aftermath o f weeks of worry, hope and fear during which the world has seen and applauded feats of heroism, sacrifice and Ingenuity which have al ternately relieved and deepened the tragedy of the expedition. Warning o f the disaster flickered over the Italia's radio as. racing back from the pole through a storm on May 25, she told « f the gathering sleet and ice and buffeting winds. Then listeners heard only the final S O S and knew that the dirigible was down. Only a rough guess at the Italia's position when she crashed could be made as the relief expeditions got un der way In half a dozen countries. It was confidently asserted that In airplanes lay the only hope o f rescue, for the Ice was too rough and broken for overland travel and too solid for ships. The power o f the Krassin was not yet appreciated. Norway and Sweden had the first airplanes on the scene. o[>eratIng over Spitzbergen from the Norwegian Ice breaker Braganza and the sealer Hobby. In seaplanes. Capt. Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen and Lieut I.uetzow Ilolm began the search but found no traces. For a few days Lieut, nolm was lost when the fog forced him down to comp on the ice with polar bears which fortunately displayed only curiosity and no hostility. They sniffed about his camp at night, hut be was able to take off In clearer weather and get back to Ills base. Most of Party Stunned Meanwhile In Italy, France, Sweden and Finland bigger planes were being equipped for the search. As they In getting Into communication with the expedition'* base ship, the Cttta dl Milano. He gave the position of hts party as off Foyn Island, and In later message* the story of the wreck filterad througt to the outside world. Overweighted with tee, her gas bag perhaps leaking, the Italia crashed to- wnrd the rough 1 « . knocking off the gondola In which General Nobile and nine others w e « quartered. Light ened, the bag rose again and the only indication of the fate of six men In its upper compartment was given twenty minutes later when a column o f smoke was seen some miles to the northeast. In which direction the en velope had disappeared. Most of the party left on the lee w e « stunned by the crash. When they w e « able to take stock, they fonnd that Vincent Pomella had been killed outright. General Nobile had frac tured his leg as had Natale Oecclonl. and Doctor Malrogren, the Swedish meteorologist, had a broken hand. Their food supplies we e not great, as most o f the provisions to be used In case o f nccldent w e « In the upper compartment. The radio was broken, and most o f the party were In de spair. Believing at first that the bag had burned, killing their six comrades Instantly, the marooned men envied their comparatively easy fate, for they themselves saw only a slow and pain ful death where they were. General Nobile has told how he dls- uaded Doctor Malmgren from suicide, how the Swede's optimism returned and how he set out, although Injured, with Mariano and Zappl to bring aid. The meteorologist Insisted on setting out on the hazardous trip afoot be cause o f his superior experience of Arctic conditions. Planes Drop Supplies. The little group of three tolled ovei the rough ice hummocks and disap peared. Meanwhile the radio was re paired and soon planes were flying north to drop supplies for the ma rooned men. The little tent which was their only shelter had been painted red to make It more readily visible, but three times rescue planes passed overhead without seeing the object o f their search. Three times the sick, starvlp,, help less six waved madly and hopefully. They could see the planes -so clearly that help seemed almost within reach o f their outstretched hands. Three times hope died ngnin as they saw the rescuers vanish. At last a series o f radio signals were arranged and four weeks after the wreck Major Madalena In an Italian seaplane equipped to receive these sig nals, circled over the little encamp ment. He could not land, hut he dropped food, clothing, medicines, arms, radio batteries and other sup plies attached to parachutes. Some of the supplies landed safely, others were lost as they floated too far away. Planes Balked. The danger of starvation was re moved, but the problem of rescue re mained. The world thought It was solved when LleuL Elnar-f’nal Lund- borg, Swedish ace, landed his little plane a few yards from the red tent and brought Nobile out to safety. But when he returned for the disabled Cecclpnl bis plane overturned on the rough ice and he too was marooned. Uls friend. Lieutenant Shyberg, res cued him In a similar gilam after two Des Mol .es.—Th* “ secret" for lor „ healthy, and hnppy life Is really no secret at all, believes R-v. William Christie Smith, veteran Iowa Methodist minister, who at el^hty-two can still walk a slack rope and “ kick your hat ofT." The fonrnla has been proclaimed to the world for more than 2.000 years and may he read by all desirous. In the Rible, declares Doctor Smith. Following are the Biblical formulae cited: “Hear O, my son. and receive my sayings and the years of thy life shall be many." Prov. 3. 7-8. "What man Is he that deslreth life, and loveth many days that he may see good? Keep thy tongue from evil and thy tips from speaking guile Depart Joy 1» in Doing Good Great minds, like heaven, are pleased In doing good, though the ungrateful subjects of tbelr favors are barren In return.—Rowe. Scots Leave for Visit to Home Land pi c / » '*L 333 |1 ♦( Two thousand five hundred Scots, comprising the largest excursion ever to leave an American port, starting on the steamship Caledonia from New York on a visit to Scotland. A T 82 PA STO R STILL IS A C T IV E ON TIGHT ROPE Vetsran Iowa Methodist Minlstsr Give* Bibl* and W ift Credit for Long Life. weeks delay due to bad weather, but the tee was then *o broken and aoft that another attempt was Impossible. It wn#then that expert* said the last chance, barring a miracle, was gone. Hope for the Amundsen party, never heard from after they left Tromsoe, Norway, on June IS, w rs also aban doned. The alx men with the Italia's gas hag seemed dimmed and It waa not believed the Malmgren party could have survived so long with their mea ger supplies and poor equipment. Captain Sora and Van Dongen had also disappeared. The crevice* between the Ice were too narrow for seaplanes to land, the Ice was too soft for planes equipped with skis, the floe* were too big for ship* to buck. Pessimism was the dominant note o f all the despatches. But the Russian expedition pushed on. It had been well and carefully prepared and It brought Into the Arc tic a new method of procedure, taken over from the new Ice breaker service which waa put Into operation last year between Vladivostok and the Lena river. In this service powerful Ice breakers follow a route which sea planes carried bn board spy out for them ttyougb the Ice. Krassin Stsams on. The most powerful Ice breaker In the world, the Krassin, was sent on the expedition under command o f Cap tain Kgge, who waa assisted by four navigators especially assigned to him for their experience In the Arctic. The ship, built for this sort o f work in 1017. Is o f 10,000 tons and 10,000 horse power, and can crush through tee four yards thick. Leaving Leningrad on June 15, the Krassin steamed on while the world'* attention was given to the planes vainly trying their rescue work. Pilot Chukhnovsky, one of the most skillful o f Soviet flyers, flew on ahead, direct ing the ship toward the most oavlg able channels In the ice fields. On one of these scouting trips on July 15 he saw two tluy figures on the Ice waving frantically. As he returned to give the news he was forced to land himself on Cape Platen, but by wire less he directed the Krassin to the spot and Insisted that they leave him until the Italians had been rescued. The two men were Mariano and Zappl, nearly dead from starvation and exposure. Carried aboard the Krassin, they revived quickly. At first It was reported that Doctor Malmgren had died a month before and the two Italians, refusing to abandon his body, had remained with It until rescued. But later they said the Swede, too weakened from bis In juries to continue, had told them to leave him while they pushed on for help for the others. L*ft Behind. The last they saw o f him. they said, he was waving to them feebly from the shallow grave they had dug for him In the ice. He had no food, for the Italians took all the provlalons with them. The day after this rescue the Kras sin fought her way to the little red tent and took aboard the five men. who had so often seen rescuers tn planes passing almost close enough to touch that they could not believe in the reality o f the Russian vessel. On the way the Krassin had passed the lost Captain Sora and Van Don gen. A Swedish plane rescued them and later picked up their companion. Vanning, who had been left behind becanse o f snow blindness. Returning toward Advent Bay for coal, the Krassin picked up Chukh novsky. Aside from the feat o f rescu ing men glvjip up for lost^ the sturdy slop had given the wVfrid renewed hopes for the flyers still lost and a new conception o f Russian efllclency. from evil and do good; seek peace and pursue I t" Ps. 34. 12-14. Besides hlj faith In scriptural pre scriptions. Doctor Smith attributes no small part o f his longevity and happi ness to his "faithful wife, a good cook, a good housekeeper, and In every way a splendid helpmate.” Docto.- Smith was bom on s farm In Ohio, next to the youngest o f nine children. When he was ten years old the family settled on a farm In War ren county, Iowa. His father’s death, when he was thirteen years old, forced him to take charge o f the farm. Getting his schooling "between farm chores." Doctor Smith was not only a practical farmer at twenty five, hut he was a graduate o f Simpson col lege, Indianola, Iowa. While attending Simpson college In 1 M 59 he did not have the advantage of a gymnasium For exercise he took 1 up slack rope walking, stretching a rope between two trees at Ms board ing house. He has never lost the agility he acquired through this rec reation, and two years ago entertained delegates to a Christian Endeavor con vention with feats on both slack aad tight rope*. One Sunday, not long ago, Doctor and Mrs. Smith drove 50 miles In their nine-year-old Ford to s former charge, where he preached the sermon. “ Don’t get angry, for It Interferes with digestion and poisons the blood," ? i said. '•Patience, sobriety, and kindness are virtues that prolong life and make It pieasant for a ll" Unknown P a y s D e b t Portland Ore.—Charles F. Donnel ly, president o f the Northern Pacific railroad, recently received an enve lope containing $1,000 In United States currency with a six-word un signed note reading “ for undercharge In freight years ago." Few people try to look wise, but many try to look pleasanL M O T H E R ’S RUSE H A D FAILED <.« h< iv 1 . w .i.h » RS. I* R INDUS shook her head “ No. You cuu't go, Alicia. You can t leave me. I'm In uo shape to be left. Why, I have had to aeud for lb* doctor agaiu,“ she said. Alicia I'rlndlo flushed as she re turned the letter to Its envelope. It had. contained an tuvltatlou from un old school frlcud for a mouth's visit at Luke Gleniu. Alicia felt In need ot a change and vacation. She waa tired, for the year o f teaching that had Just Closed had been a particularly trying one. Her mother's continued luvulld Ism had excluded her from all pleas ures and she had been obliged to stay at home except when she was actually before her classes'. Th* only person she had seen much o f was her moth er's physician. Doctor Warren. Alicia's disappointment waa exces tlve. Helens letter had meant so much to her. They bad not seen each other tu two or throe year*, since Hel i u's marriage. In fact A month ai the lake caiup was wurrauted to ben eflt and stimulate. Besides, John would t>e there. Helen's older broth er, Johu. whom Alicia had met at llel en's wedding aud had remembered with pleasure. To forego seeing John March seemed almost unbearable. It was not In Alicia to oppose her mother's wishes. She had been brought up rtgljly to he a dutiful daughter first o f all things. At thirty two yhe was still obedient to the commands of Mrs. Prlndle. “ I wonder what alls mother, any way7“ Alicia asked herself as at her mother'* request she went up to "slick llr a little-' before the doctor came. “ She has always seemed well enough until within a few months. Doctor Warren doesn't seem to help her a h it O f course her digestion Isu’t what It was aud she has a touch o f rheumatism, but I'm sure It's noth lug serious. It can't be"—a queer look crossed Alicia's quiet Interesting face— “ that mother 1» In love with Doctor Warren 1 Oh, no I lie'* too young for her." A car stopped before the door. It was the doctor, Allda UioughL "If she doesn't call me I won't go down. 1 don't care for the man at all." But her mother did call her and she had to run down to open the door to Doctor Warren. “ Good afternoon. Mis* Alicia. Fine weather." be remarked. It was the usual thing. Allda responded In kind and led him Into her mother’s pro* ence. Mr* I’ rlndle looked flushed and there was a bright sparkle In het eyis. She sighed heavily and seemed to lie in pain. Clearly her condition puzzled the doctor. Ills plain, grave face expressed query us be noted her poise. “ Mother,” Alicia burst out when he had gone. “ I don't believe he knows what Is the matter with you. Why don't yoir try dear old Doctor Waite?" Doctor Waite had been the Prlndles physician wntll Doctor Warren bad come to town. Immediately Mr* Brin del had made a change. From Doc tor Warren'S first visit her rymptom* had developed amazingly until they re qulred his constant attendance. “ A licia!” Mrs. I'rindle's eyes snapped. “ Mind your own business, I know enough to mind mine." Tears come Into Alicia's eye*. She had borne Just about all she could (or cue day. She ran up to her room and. dinging heryelf down on the bed. cried In a little «¡rly. broken hearted way. “ I mustn't behave so to mother." she thought at la st "1'erhaps she Is seriously ill and trying to conceal It. I must see that she’ takes her medl cine regularly. I haven't paid much attention to It. but from this time I will." She went softly downstairs, con trltion In her heart. As she pushed aside the curtain from the living room door she saw her mother standing by the table contemplating the medicine which the doctor had Just le ft Mud denly Mrs. Prlndle gathered the tab lets up In her ha. d and tossed them Into the fireplace, where a small fire was burning. Alicia gasped. It came to her that this was not the first time her mother had destroyed the medl cine >he had Just paid for. What did It mean? Alicia stole away from the door. She went out of the house by the back way and began to work In her tiny flower garden, seeking In action to culm her troubled mind. As she worked their next-door neighbor, Mr* Horten, looked over the fence. “ How’s your mother, Alicia7” Mrs Horton asked. “ I roe the doctor ha/ been therr again today." “ Mother seems about the same.” ” Are you going vlaltlng anywhere this summer? Yon ought to have a change before you start In another year’s work, Alicia. You are looking tired.” Mrs. Horton said, eyeing All d a ’s gentle face. M 'T v * bron Invited to Lake Gloniu," Mlcla replied. "Helen Cass wants ni* to como— Helen Marsh, the was before -he was married. Perhaps you r e member her. They have a summer cottage. Her brother Is with her." "Why In th# world don’t you got" demanded Mrs. Ilorton. Allots sighed, “ Mother thinks I mustn't lea»* her. It would only be for a month and Aunt Kiuiiin would come right here and stay with her—" “ Your mother has got a notion," Mrs. Horton Interrupted. “ A—notion t” faltered Alicia. "A notlou In her bend. That's what alia her. I'm certain." “ I don't kuo»v what you mean," A llda wondered. “ Giles* I'll go In and roe your moth er," Mra. Horton said. “ Better come, tint, Allda, I've got a bit of news for her that may surprise you both.” Alicia accompanied Mr*. Ilorton In to the house. They found Mrs. I'rln- dle at her desk looking over some ac counts. “ Feeling better, ehT” began Mr*. Ilorton. “That'a good. You look as well ns you ever did, Elisa." “ You cau’t tell utiythliig by my looks," returned Mrs. Prlndle. "Is that so t Well what I was go ing to say was that I'm glad you're doing so nicely. You'll be able to get along flue while Doctor Warren Is away." “ Away I" exclaimed Mra. Prlndle. "W here la he going?” "W hy haveu't you heard!“ He is going to the Northweet—on an extend ed trip. Going to be n»vny three mouths, Ihietor Waite has all his pa tfcnts during the time." “ What Is he going for?" Mra. Horton waa enjoying hervwlf Immenroly. “ Why, be* going on Ills wedding trip, my dear woman, lie's golug to marry my niece. Jennie Merwln, the JvHh o f this month." Mrs. Prlndle caught her breath and turned white as ashes. "It Isn't tru e!” she burst o u t “ I won't believe It." “ Call him up on the phone," aald Mrs. Horton, leaving the room. Mrs. Prlndle made a motion aa If to do so, hut Allda held her back. “ Mother, please! O f course, Mr*. Horton Is right." Alicia followed the neighbor In real distress. When she eeme back she found her mother unconvinced but grim. "It's true.” Mrs, Prlndle said. “ After all I've done to make him take an Interest In yon— " "In me. mother?" Allda said In sur- prise. She understood st lust Mrs. Prlndle glnred at her. She never had Ikvctor Warren again. Neither did she have Doctor Waite. She had recovered suddenly and com pletely. Alicia went lo Lake Gleam to vlilt Helen. When she came back radiant, hnppy and engaged her mother re ceived the new* coldly. "Maybe you're satisfied, but 1 am not," she said. Provision for Elka Coder a program sponsored by the Wyoming conservation commission, tli* Culled States government would Join It In purchasing ll.UUO acres of land In the Jackson Hole country for the southern elk herd This would be used In nddltloo to the 4.<«iO acres of range which the elk now enjoy and would produce sufficient hay for the 2U.isiU nnlmuls In the herd. Arrangements would he made to hum the elk and to market the surplus. The herd belongs to the state of Wyoming and the land ls owned by the federal government. Working together these two agencies could collaborate In a plan to preserve the herd at a fixed size. This would mean good hunting and protection for the elk.— Eichange. Chinchilla The chinchilla rabbit Is o f com paratlvely recent origin and mude its appearance first In France and la ter In England. About 1018 the breed wus brought to America, where It bus become Increasingly popular Hardy and vigorous. It develops rapidly from birth to maturity, and can be bred successfully In almost any climate. All hough attractive and exhibited ex tenslvely nr a show anlmnl, the chin chilla is essentially a utility ruhtilt und Is raised primarily for meat and fur. Afghan» Fond of Butter The food o f the Afghans la very aim liar to our own. but It la cooked In a different way, for quantities of but ter are used In preparing almost everything. The favorite dish, which Is known In ninny of the countries near Afghanistan, Is called polno. and consists o f meat, butter and rice, to which various spices are added. Cause for Gladne»» Helen had not seen her grandmother since the child was a wee tot. Grand ma came to them on a visit and proved to he quite young looking and stylish. After greetings were over Helen, standing at a distance, looked at her grandparent and appraisingly said: “ Grandma. I Is so glad you la so full o f youngness." Mail Matter Handled for Scattered Gypsies From far corner* of the earth let ters go from gypsies to Fort Smith Ark., to be forwarded to other far corners. At Fort Smith Is the gypsy Information and postal center. W. H Cole, an adopted gypsy, and his wife, a qualified '‘gorglo,“ or outsider, oper ate IL Cole was adopted at the age of elev en years and wandered with llie rover*, visiting every state In Old Mexico, un til manhood. He speak* the language fluently. The Coles keep an accnrate record of movement* o f gypsy tribes, accord lug to the N*w York Times. Gypsies started sending mall to him for for warding In 11*07. when he opened a store In Fort Smith. Year by year the mail has Increased until now the shop le cluttered with sacks of letters a n d telegram*, requiring the attention of both Cole und his wife. Mrs. Cole also acts as administratrix for the gypsies, handling c o n s id e r a b le money i "Gypsies aren’t as poor a* on • m.ght think," she is quoted as saying re cently. “ We held In trust $30.000 which one family In New South Wales, Australia, earned In one year by tell Ing fortunes. "Most gyprles are honest. They do not kldnsp children as they are sup posed lo. They generally have plenty of their own. And gypsy glrla rarely hob their hair. If they did they would be punished.” U»e for Fish W atte Out of the great quantities of flrh waste and romp, formerly discarded ns useless, an Industry Is developing Many countries now utilize this was’ e for manufacturing fish meal and fer tllizer Fish meal Is used s* food for hogs and cattle. The Onlted State* leads In Ira production, followed by Norway. Japan nnd Great Britain. Mark* State’» Admiation When a state Is added tn the Union the star Is added in the Mug on July 4, following the dnfe of admission. «0 ’* • i M o rg i oka* Tov»*r Llks Mud Houses of Tibet. tk*rve«r«.| bv th* National ilo-'*ist'lilo S -i .-l.l v . W u h l u l v B , D . CM I N SPITE o f penetration by an oc casional explorer, Tibet Is still al most a* little known to I lie world us In Marco Polo's duy, MS) your* ago. Practlcully nothing 1* known, I even, of the orlgtu and ancestry of | (lie Tibetan* This I* probably due lu large part to the rigid exclusion of rm vu o f aclenc# and oilier traveler*. | The Tibetan* themselves dismiss tho sifbject with hopeless fairy tale* ami legend* One o f these lint It Dial the progenitors of the race were "a she dex It o f the llimulayaa" aud au ape | from the plains o f llludustau. To the lay observer there Is no re | semblance whatexer between the Tibetans aud the Chinese, nor are they slmltur to the M n lu y a n s . In fea ture* and characteristics limy resem ble the Auierlcuu Indians more nearly, perhaps, thuu any oilier distinct type, although In color and oilier character istic features there It au Indication that they umy have iprung from the original M o n g o l ix-opte. Outside the few towns and th* many monasteries, the people o f Tibet msy be divided Into the Homed herders of Ills upland*, and the settled farmers of the valley* The nuiuadi live throughout the seasons lu their yak- hair teut* tending their herds of yaks —great awkward, long haired, cow like creature* The valley folk* build thick, uiud- walled house* with fiat roof*. Their farm operation* are carried on under condition* that a well '-quipped Amer ican farmer would consider a heavy handicap. The plow* used are made entirely o f wood, with a single han dle. They have been developed be yond the iniiet primitive types in wooden plows, however, having re movable digging parts which are re placed when worn or broken. The front end o f the beam o f the plow Is attached to the middle o f n wooden bar, each end o f which la laiuud to the hones ot a yak. One person usually leads the yak team, while another wulka behind, holding the handle o f the crude Implement. The work of rowing aud plowing la done mostly by the men, while the women do (he greater part of ttie harvesting. The harvested grain ts cnrrlrd to the tops o f the houses, where It Is threshed on the fiat roofs by means o f H u l l * Primitive mills are set up along the streams, where the grain Is ground raw into (lour and parched In to "tsamba," the latter a particularly Important article In the Tibetan diet. Cloths* Uo Not Maks th* Man. It I* by no means easy to Judge the financial status o f a Tlbetuii by the kind o f clothes he wear* Due may see men dressed lu rough sheepskin, with their hnlr hanging In tangles down their harks uutl their npprar nuce Indicating that they hnd never liad a hath In their llv<-s, bargain for something worth hundreds of dollar* If sueh an individual decides to pur chase the urtlcle, he will pull out of hia dirty gown a leather hug o f gold dust and unconcernedly weigh out a .sufficient quantity of the shilling pow der to puy for It. I-es* uncouth pur chasers wilt probably use In their transactions the rupees of Chinese mintage, which constitute the most generally employed medium o f ex change In TlbcL Chinese brlek ten, like salt, Is also used in some srotlons In plnce o f money. The outstanding marriage custom In Tibet is polyandry, under which a woman has several htiahnnds, usually brothers. Under tlie usual arrange ment, one husband will take care of the home In the valley, If there Is on e; another will lie In charge o f the ynks or sheep In the uplands; a third will be the trader, tnklng rare o f the caravan, while others will be assigned special duties. Woman, on the whole, occupies a better position In Tibet than In a great many o f the eastern countries. She Is practically mnster In the home and usually oil trnnsactlona of a busi ness nature concerning the family must have her sanction. Nor Is she confined and prevented from going out aa ehe plenaes. Any reference to the social Instltu tlons o f the Tllietima would he Incoin plete without mention af the latnaa. They are the monks or priests o f Tl- heton Buddhism and tlve In gront mon asteries called lamaseries. Nearly every family In the country has at Large Scotch Choir In connection with the Edinburgh Musical festival held recently In the Scotch city, a choir of 2. issi voices sang familiar Scutch Psalm tunes The lender* were Mir Richard Terry arid Geoffrey Shaw Many of the snugs were aeeompanled hy a pipe organ, and some were rendered un neronqmnled Singing tn organ at rompanlmrnt Mir Rlehnrd said, as the cvenl closed, left hi in "cold." unless least one ami who Is a Inina. Fully on* seventh o f (lie entire population o f Tibet. It Is estimated, 11x0 In the luuiiiaerlea, being supiyrtfd, o f course. In tho main, hy the remainder of th* population. The Tibetan faith Is nominally Buddhism, hut In reality It Is moral truly a veneer o f Buddhlsni over the' old Bon religion, a religion of devil- worship. They sr* exceedingly super* st It Ions, believing lu ghosts M in i III the dully Interference ot devils lu their affair* Rul* by th* Prlsst* In Its form of government, Tibet ts one o f the few remallilug theocracies In the world. Tho Dalai Lauis o f Lhasa combine* tn Ids person the function* o f head o f the lamaist church and supreme temporal ruler o f Tibet. Ilia chief governmental assist ant* are also priest* The lama* even the ordinary monk* occupy a privileged pt»lti<m, constituting tn effect a dans to (bent- selve* Next In rank lo the ruling lamas are th* lay offlcluls o f the government The next lower step In social gra dation lead* to Ilia headmen o f the vil lages, usually (lie wealthiest resident* of the liM-slltle* Next In order are the wealthy villagers not headmen, und below these come the ordinary folk. At th* bottom o f th* soda! lad der sr* tho servants and slave* o f the well-to-do. In education tbs Tibetans a t * T o r y backward, there lielng nothing tn the country In the nature o f public In struction. A few o f the more wealthy fnmilL-a hire n priest to coma Into their home* lo tench their son* The country folk o f Tibet, as the villagers and nomad* may he called In distinction from the thousand* o f residents o f Ih# lamaseries slid th* few trailers o f the larger tow n* en gage In a number o f minor Industries In udtlHlnn to tilling the roll and tending Ihulr herds nnd flock* In the past a considerable number o f Tlbctun* have limited musk deer, col lecting the musk for export. Owing lo the rapid decrease In the number o f nnlmuls. however, the export* have fallen off markedly and the Industry inny lie said lo lie a dying oue. Wonderful and aweinspiring con coction* of Chinese medicine contrib ute much to the Industries of th* Ti le tana. M eul Work and Book Making. Some mining la carried on hy the TllK-tans of ttie eustern bonier region, hut the Industry Is o f «mall propor tion* The products mined Include leud, gold, aud Iron. Iron Is used for swords, romo o f the most elaborately ornamented commanding a high price. The Tibetans love to embellish tnelr scat hards with silver, coral, and l.r - q u o l s e , and some o f theiii uie line ex amples o f workmanship. Ir,-ti Is s'so used In tho manufacture of n u d e gun* or was until within the last few years, when It liecnme possible to ob- t it I n firearms o f western miioufartnra. In Clilamdo, principal town of Khum, Tibetan workers In Iron make of (bat metal large wine Dusk* which a r e much nought after throughout TlhcL lu rome o f ttie lamaseries o f Tibet the monks make und gild Idols f.»r sale nil over the country. The Gnrtok lamasery near Bailing turns out thou sands o f ttie Images. With their crude facilities, tho monks nre unable to gild the Idols ns It would lie done hy a modern Western proces* hut must npply a richer heavy coat o f pure gold. At Lllung, about a hundred mllca to the east o f lliitung, where there Is s large lamasery, nnd In the In musery of Dcrge, about 200 miles above Ba iling, In the Yniigtzo valley, the print ing o f religious hooks Is an Industry o f Importance. The Katijur, which Is the Buddhist Bible, und the Tunjur, Its commentary, each comprising 108 volume* are printed at the two liimnasrles from blocks on which char acters are enrved. The blocks occupy many large room* nnd the printing of one set requires the work of many men for many days. The Tibetans have beet, mnklng great strides In the Inst few year* es pecially since the Youngtiushnnd ex pedition In -1004 nnd 1003. Far from making them antagonistic to Western er*. Hits contact with the outer world has done more to break down preju dice and to give them a thirst for knowledge than all previous events In their circumscribed kingdom. the singing was very good, hill the old Psalms sung hy a Inrge choir unac companied. thrilled him "to the mar row." Ills remark ilia. ho wished that the ndvocates o f the "sickly Nine teenth century part-song* o f which there were many In the hymn book* might he present to hear If," won ap plause from the audience. “ Enlarging the Heart” A fine way to cnl*rKe Hie heart Is to crowd In another genuine friend ship.—Uhrlatlnn Advocate