Thiiraduy, A urum I 21. 1930
THE TIMES, WILLAMINA
Page 3
POULTRY Beef Grading and DM UUVE
• FACTS • Stamping Service
STOCKES
POULTRY REQUIRE
MINERALS IN FEED Activities Extended to Sev
eral Large Slaughter
Ohio Specialist Says They
ing Centers.
Serve Only One Function. (Pr»o*rad kt lh» Uau«d states Dsaerimsot
Minerals arc as essential In the
poultry ration us proteins, or carlm-
hydrates, o. any of the vitamins, but
they will only serve the functions for
which nature Intended them and will
not take the place of any of the other
necessary parts of the rstlon. Dr. It.
U Bethke of the Ohio agricultural
•xiierluicnl station, told a farm and
home week audience at Cornell uni
versity.
,
Doctor Bethke said that mineral
feeding may be overdone, and that
the poultry men should use discretion
and common sense In making up their
poultry ration. He warned poultry men
not to take stock In the claims of
mi leanion Hint minerals would take the
phice of such things sa vitamins or
meat scrap In their ration.
Although the different minerals
showed different degrees of avallalilt-
tty In the chemistry laboratory they
did not show differences In the growth
of the chicks. Doctor Bethke sold.
Egg shell forms!Ion seems to be beet
when the minerals are fed In the rar-
bornite form, he stated.
Doctor Bethke seriously questioned
whether there Is any difference tn
the results produced from feeding so
called "organic" or "Inorganic" mln-
ends. He says that the question of
whether they are "organic" or "In
organic" depend» on the Individual
point of view.
Too little mineral matter In the ra
tion results In leg weakliest or riili-
eta In the growing chick which can
not be .vercome by cod liver oil or
sunlight.
Meet scrap and milk contain large
quantities of calcium and phosphor
ous so when these are Included In the
ration the supply of minerals from
other sources need not be as great as
when most of the rstlon is made up
of grains. Doctor Bethke said that
grain and protein supplements con-
tsln enough of the essential mineral
elements, except calcium and phos
phorous, so that they need not tie
provided for separately In toe ben's
ration.
Red Mites Lower Egg
Output During Summer
(let after the red mites in the hen
house now before they cause a drop
In egg production. Before the poultry
mites become too numerous Is the time
to treat the roosts and other parts of
the house, sdvises Miss Cora Cooke,
extension i*>ultry specialist. Univer
sity farm, St Paul. Minn.
Hot weather Is most favorable to
the reproduction of the mites and they
multiply very rapidly, soon causing n
falling off In egg production. Miss
Cooke says.
These mites are much more harm
ful than the lice which live on the
body of the hen all the time. The
mite Is a small, spider-like creature
which lives during the day In cracks
and crevices about the perches and
nests and comes out at night to feed
on the blood of the fowls.
of Aarleultur«. I
Expansion of its beef grading and
stamping activities to provide service
st several additional slaughtering con
tars, has been announced by the bu
reuu of agricultural economics. United
Htatee Department of Agriculture
These centers Include Buffalo, Erie.
Cleveland, Detroit, end HL Louis Ex
perienced beef graders will be ata
tioned in the five cities, to grade and
stamp carcasses snd wholesale cuts
of beef tor slaughterers at a nominal
charge
Invent Stamping Devices.
The federal beef grading and stamp
Ing service was inaugurated at a few
slaughtering centers in May. 1927. tn
response to s widespread demand tot
a grading service to indicate the qua)
Ity m beef tn a way that would be
comprehensible to tbn consumer. Holl
er stamping devices were Invented thst
made It |>oMlbls to display the federal
grade label on each cut of beet. The
label Informa the consume” that the
steak or other cut was designated by
the federal grader aa 0. 8. Prime. U
8. Choice. U. H Good, or U. 8. Ms
dium. depending on its quality.
Requests for Service.
Tt>e popularity of thia government
grading and atamplng produced a vol
ume of requests for the service from
all branebee of the meat Industry, In
eluding slaughterers, wholesalers, re-
tsll meat dealers, hotel supply houses
and s<-orea of hotels or restaurants In
all parts of the country. The service
was made available at Boston. New
York, Philadelphia. Washington. Chi
cago, Kansas City. Topeka and Omaha
The department received requests for
further expansion to additional cen
tern, and It Is In response to these re
quests that the July 1 additions are
being made.
Aa evidence of the Increasing de
mnnd for government graded and
stamped beef, the bureau cites that
Prevent Occurrence of
Goiter in Lamb Flock
Prevent the oo-urrence of goiter In
lambs by feeding the breeding ewes
one or two graine dully of either pot
assium Iodide or sorilum Iodide, sc
cording to a statement by animal hue
bandry specialists at Michigan State
college.
The chemical can be fed to the ewes
by mixing It with grain or It can be
dissolved and poured over salt which
la fed to the sheep. Another method
of administering the medicines is to
mix one ounce of it with 25 pounds
of salt and 25 pounds of steamed bone
meal.
Care must be taken in mixing the
chemical with the salt aud bone meal
to get nn even distribution of the
Iodide, ft Is best not to make up too
large a quantity of the mixture at oue
time.
Danger in Green Com
Feeding green corn to chickens mny
cause trouble and the farmer will do
well to proceed with caution In Intro
ducing green corn In the ration. To
overdo, the green corn may set up di
gestive disorders, and diarrhea always
results In a setback. This does not
mean that new corn should not be
used.
it will he advisable to start In grad
ually and Increase the amount fed ns
long as the hens appear to be free
from digestive disorders.
Complicated Ration Is
Not Needed for Chicks
Rations for young chicks need not
bu complicated as long as the easen
tlala for good growth and health art
present In the feed. The poultrymao
can make use of the natural feeds,
particularly yellow corn and wtiesL to
good advantage By adding minerals
and animal protein to these feeds and
allowing the chicks to have access to
green feed snd to be outdoors In direct
sunlight the flock owner should be
able to keep his chicks free from no
tritlonal troubles.
Chicks fed on white corn snd kep»
on bare yards ere likely to develop s
nutritional trouble which resembles
roup. Sore eyes blindness and a pale,
unthrifty condition ere cberacteristlr
symptoms of the disease. If rapid
growth and early maturity of pullets '
la expected, a complete ration should I
be kept before them throughout the
summer.
Methods of feeding should not be
overlooked, for they may be quite as
Important as proper rations. Few
people realize, for Instance, the dan
ger of disease Infection and parasitic
Infestation when chickens are allowed
to pick up grain from bare ground
contaminated with droppings.
Feeding Fowls for Egg
Production Important
Feeding the flock for egg production
Is an Important part of the manage
ment of poultry. A laying mash com-
posed of KM) pounds each of wheat
bran, wheat middlings, ground oats
corn meal, «nd meat scrap is sug
gested.
If it Is desired co Increase
the consumption of mash s quantity
equal to what the birds will clean up
quickly may be fed at noon, mixing
the dry mash to a crumbly conalatency
with skim milk. Scratch grain to be
fed with this mash consists of 1<M)
pounds each of wheaL cracket corn
and heavy oats.
The quantity of
grain to feed for 100 hens will be
about four pounds In the morning and
eight pjunds at night.
Sheltering Machinery
Most Profitable Plan
The actum monetary i»»sa in depre
elation oi farm machinery left un
boused through all sorts of wenther Is
only one form ot loss the owner of
the machinery suffers, says J. C.
Wooley, chairman of the deimrtment
of agricultural engineering of the Mio
oouri College of Agriculture. In fact,
the loss from a poor quality of work
loss of time when time Is valuable,
loss of cropa and the loss of energy
and temper which results from s
struggle with a rust-laden machine is
often a greater factor than the mone
tary loss In depreciation of machine.
Sugar-Beet Growers Profit by
Research Made
by . - Government
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Application of Fertilizer In
Geese Should Be Mated
creases Value of Crop.
in Fall if Possible
F*r<»m one to four geese to one gun
der la the range In mating geese.
Some ganders refuse to take more
than one mate and will remain so
mnted for life; others will accept two
or more if they have no other mates.
Two ganders might or might not be
enough for eight geese, depending on
the temperament of the individuals
selected.
Geese should he mated In the fall If
possible. Often they will refuse to
accept new mates for months after
being Introduced. Bather than chance
that huy eggs for hatching and thus
get the pure-bred birds at one stroke.
If you do not care to hatch goslings
before April or May, buying ganders
at this time might prove satisfactory.
It nil depends on how the birds take
to their new surroundings.
there was un Increuse of 62 per cent
In the quantities of beef graded and
stamped during the past flve months
ns compared with the same period a
year ago.
(Prsparvd bv th» Unlt»d Statas Dapartmaat
of Asrlcultvra.)
Application of phosphatic fertilizers
to sugar beet Helds baa increased the
annua' value of the crop by millions
of dollars, members of the National
Fertilizer association were told recent
ly by Oswald Schreiner, chief of the
division of soil fertility of the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Comparatively, this Is a new prac
tice. and it was Introduced Into the
principal beet-growing states following
soli fertility experiments carried on In
Colorado and Nebraska by the depart
ment.
Since It became evident to the west
ern sugnr-beet growers that the appli
cation of comparatively small amounts
of phosphatlc fertilizers would enable
them to Increase their yields of beets
by an average of three tons an acre
and thus Increase their income by ap
proximately 118 an acre, the quantity
has Increased steadily until it Is now
estimated that phosphates are applied
to from 200.000 to 800.000 acres an
nually.
With an Increase of three
tons to the acre, valued at $7 per ton.
the value of thia years' crop will be
increas-d by about 15.000.000 over
what ft would have been without the
use of fertilizers, said Doctor Schrei
ner. who estimated the coat of fer-
Hllzer nt approximately 1700.000.
Doctor Schreiner cited the discov
ery and demonstration bv department
VALUE OF GRAIN
SILAGE FOR BABY
FEED IS SHOWN
BEEF FEED FAILS
Figures Prove That Good Not Profitable Where Yield
of Com Is Low.
Rations Make Best Return.
G. W. Tallby, Jr, of the New York
State Agricultural college, presents
records from dairy herd improvement
associations whlcb show that liberal
feeding of grain to good cows gives
the dairyman good returns io summer
and fall as well as during the winter.
The figures prove that the average
yield of milk for dairy cows in New
York Is 5.500 pounds of milk. In one
group of cows with leas than the av
erage production, or only 5,261 pounds
of milk, each cow was fed an average
820 worth of grain and 835 worth of
hay, silage, and pasture, or 855 in all
for feed. The average value of the
cows' milk in this group was 8146, or
801 more than all costa of feed.
In a group of cows with the average
production of 5,500 pounds of milk,
the value of the milk was 8166. The
t< tai feed cost was 871, made up of
830 for grain and 841 for roughage,
and the net return was 895.
A group which produced, on an av
erage, 7,771 pounds of milk and fed
850 worth of grain and 844 worth of
roughage, produced a gross return of
8213 against a feed cost of 894, or a
net return of 8119. Similarly, two
other groups, producing about twice
the state average in pounds of milk,
or 10.254 pounds and 11.937 pounds
respectively, were fed 885 and 899
worth of grain, and 842 and 846 worth
of roughage, with total feed costs of
8127 and 8145 as compared with milk
values 8280 and 8339 each, and net
returns of 8153 and 8194.
In other words, Mr. Tallby points
out, the more grain, the more milk,
and the greater the money return.
From this he deduces that it pays,
and pays well, to keep efficient cows
and to feed them liberally on grain.
A large allowance of grain keeps the |
cows in good condition and makes
them enter the winter season in good
condition to supply the milk needed to
hold the milk market when it will
bring Its best returns.
Chop Hay With Ensilage
Cutter to Save Waste
Many dairy and live stock farmers
have found by practical experience
that chopping hay with an ensilage
cutter not only saves a considerable
amount of the bay from being wasted,
but also helps towards getting more
feed value out of that consumed, due
to being more easily mixed with other
feeds.
Practical tests with dairy
herds show that two tons of chopped
hay gave almost as much returns as
three tons fed long. Often the hay is
chopped just as it comes from the field
and the chopped feed is blown directly
into the mow. About the same amount
of curing Is necessary whether mowed
tn the chopped or whole form. This
has the additional advantage that the
day's use of the ensilage cutter is dou
bled or trebled and thus Its cost per
hour brought down for the silo filling.
Cutting Down Cow Feed
Lowers Yield of Milk
Trying to make a dairy herd profit
able by cutting down on the amount
of feed or by not supplying the
amount of protein that is required for
economical milk production is up-hill
work. In fact, it cannot be done. Cut
ting down the protein supply below
actual requirements Is a good deal
like trying to make a roadbed by put
ting half ns much cement in the con
crete mixture as Is actually required
for good results. In one case It re
While the danger that cattle may sults In low milk production and little
contract tuberculosis from hogs Is not , or no profit above feed cost, and In
the other, In a worthless road which
so great aa It Is that bogs may con
tract the disease from cattle. It Is represents a complete loss not only of
possible that cattle will contract the ; the material used, but also of the
disease from hogs and when both are labor employed In producing and lay
in the same pasture It is very likely ing the defective concrete.
that cattle will contract the disease,
provided, of course, the hogs have the
disease.
Cattle will generally refuse to eat
Let us now sum up the economics
the manure voided by hogs, while
hogs will very readily eat the manure of permanent pastures: There is a
voided by cattie, and on this account great saving of labor, since no culti
vation is necessary and the live stock
it is more likely that hogs will con
tract the disease from cattle than it harvest the crop. A highly digestible
Is thut cattle will contract It from protein is produced on the farm at a
very low cost from cheap nitrogen
hogs.
carriers easily and cheaply carried,
rather than having to buy high-priced
concentrates,
l-and not well suited
for cultivation can be used. The acre
age cultivated Is reduced, cereal pro
duction Is curtailed, and markets are
in agriculture, aa in other Indus strengthened by lack of over-produc
tries, the margin of proflt on each tion. More live stock cun be supixirt-
unit produced may narrow as volume ed to the acre, more milk and meat
Increases, yet not adversely affect the can be produced a head. Every acre
is made to do its best.
total income.
specialists of the remarkable response
of western sugar beet soils to phos
phatlc fertilizers as one of numerous
examples in which the research work
of the department has been of great
practical benefit to farming regions of
the United States.
Cattle May Contract
Tuberculosis From Hogs
I
Corn silage is not a profitable feed
for fattening baby beef calves under
northwestern Minnesota conditions,
according the trials conducted at the
northwest experiment station of the
University of Minnesota at Crookston.
The reason given is the low yield of
corn silage obtainable in the northern
part of the state, for it has been dem
onstrated that silage feeding Is profit
able in the corn belt where yields are
normally high.
Calves fed a ration of ground bar
ley, linseed oil meal and alfalfa hay
made greater dally gains as well aa
cheaper gains, and were valued at 15
cents per hundredweight higher than
calves fed the same ration plus corn
silage. The feeding periol was 196
days, lasting from November 27 to
June 11. All of the calves were pur
chased at the same price. The margin
per head over feed cost for the calves
fed silage was 82237, while for those
fed the same ration without silage it
was 827.7L
In these name trials, but with differ
ent lots of calves. It was learned that
ground barley alone is more efficient
than a mixture of ground barley and
ground oat a It was also shown that
feeding ground oats during the first
half of the fattening period and
ground barley the last half is not as
satisfactory as feeding ground barley
throughout.
It was concluded that the advisabil
ity of adding ground oats to a ration
of ground barley, linseed oil meal, al
falfa hay and corn silage would de
pend upon the relative prices of oats
and barley. At the values used in this
trial, 38 cents for oats and 52 cents
for barley, the addition of oats did
not prove profitable.
Vaccination Tests at
Experiment Stations
Vaccination tests at Ames, Kansas,
and other experiment stations, indi
cate that pigs even a few days old
can be Immunized against cholera In a
high percentage of cases and with pigs
approaching weaning (seven to nine
weeks old) immunity is as certain as
with old hogs.
The explanation offered by careful
observers of this apparent variation
between experiments and practice gen
erally binges on this fact: Pigs up to
six or eight weeks of age have tender,
pliable skin and soft flesh. With ordi
nary vaccinating practice, where rapid
handling and treatment is commonly
the rule. It is probable that among
certain Individual pigs there is more
or less leakage of serum from the bole
through which it was injected. If this
is true, it does offer a reasonable ami
plausible explanation why vaccination
is uncertain with young pigs. This
fault or error should not apply to pigs
eight weeks old or older especially
when the Job is carefully done—with
speed not the dominating thought
while the job is being done. It ap
pears to be sound policy to vaccinate
pigs when the younger ones reach two
months of age.
Clover in Stubble Is
Cleanest Hog Pasture
Clover in wheat and oat stubble is
usually the cleanest pasture on tbe
farm. This Is a good place to put your
pigs. The sanitation program is spoiled
if big spring shotes, fattening hogs, or
old sows are turned into the stubble
fields after threshing.
At this time of year sanitation Is
very necessary. Tests of Dr. H. B.
Raffensperger have shown that worm
eggs Incubate rapidly during warm
weather. Eggs dropped now from
wormy spring shotes or old hogs may
ruin next fall's pigs. A few fall san
itation pigs on stubble fields, if the
plan is rigidly adhered to. will not en
danger the spring pigs materially.
Outline of Economics
of Permanent Pastures Use of Soy Beans Not
Favored for Hard Pork
mm
One of the feeds which is receiv
ing attention Is soy beans and unques
tionably they furnish a very high pro
tein supplementary feed. Recently,
however, the packer has been putting
In his “two cents’ worth,” regarding
soy beans and his song doesn't sing
quite as well as some of us would like
to have It The packer states that
the flesh of swine fed soy ben ns as a
protein supplement Is Inclined to he
«oft and that not only the ment can
not be cured right, but that the lard
will not harden as will the carcnss of
the nnlma! that has not been fed soy
beans.