Dayton tribune., December 24, 1925, Image 7

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New Statutes Fill
3 Federal Prisons
Swelling Rank» of Convict» 00000000000000000000000004
6 Rheims Backward in
Present Problem.
Recovering It* Status 9
Washington.- In Spit« of the Increa*
lug maze of government uctlvUle* Hint
liuve sprung up dm» tbe war, Uncle
Sum I* Spending more money and en­
ergy every year In the '»ork of rebablll-
tilling the lawless member* of society.
Due to tbe Increased number of fed­
eral statutes passed In the lust few
year*, the federal prison* are becoming
nti ever greater factor In the enforce­
ment nf the Inw and the administration
of justice In the United Stale*.
Previous tn the last del ude the total
number of federal prisoner* wn* much
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portion of the lawbreakers, having vio­
lated various «tute laws, were couflned
In the state Institutions,
On June 30 of tills year the total
number of federal prisoners wa* 8,518.
This was 851 mor» than Hie number
for the previo'is your.
The Increasing number of convicts In
Hi« government's rh*rg« ha« brought
«bout n need for a corresponding exten­
sion of the nation's prison facilities and
also for n general Improvement In the
equipment and methods In
Institutions.
If the ¡dan* now being worked out
are carried Into effect, the United
State* will have probably the moat ex
tensive and scientific prison system In
the world, according to the experts of
the Department of Justice.
At the present time the country lias
three federal prison* located at
lanta, Ga.; Leavenworth, Kan., and Me-
Nell Island. Washington.
Prison* Ar* ln**«qu*t*.
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During the fiscal year which ended
last June 30 It cost the government
$1,748.094.85 to maintain and operate
thee« three Institution* Thia wn* an
Increase of $200,000 over the expendi­
tures of the federal prisons for the
previous fiscal year.
Yet. deaplt* the greater expenditures
for operating these Institution*, federal
prison officials claim Hint the three
¡>enltentl«rle*
wholly Inadequate
for bousing the steady stream of con­
victs being turned over dnlly by the
courts. Last spring the crowded con
dltlons of the prisons, particularly at
Atlanta, became so ncute that the *u
perlntendent of prison* appealed to tbe
adjacent state Institution* to take over
Of the federal
By
“boarding out" groups of prisoners In
this fashion It wus possible to find
quarter* for nil the federili charges.
In order to relieve the situation, the
superintendent hss recommended to
the attorney general Hint steps be
taken to procure new corrective Insti­
tutions for the government.
Last spring the site was chosen and
work begun on the new penitentiary
for women now under construction at
Alderson. W. Va. Thia institution Is
Intended to be a model corrective In
stltutlon und will be modern In every
While the new women'* jirlaon will
solve the question of what to do with
female federal Inw breaker*, who are
at present confined In state prisons, it
will not nld the congested situation In
the penitentiaries for men.
Prison for First OHtndars.
The I»epnrtment of Justice now fa­
vors a* it solution of tlie congestion
problem the construction of a prison
to be filled entirely by first offenders.
The government prison expert« advo­
cate this plan, because It Is thought
that, by keeping first offender« segre­
gated, they will he less likely to learn
the trick« of the trnde from the hard
ened lawbreaker* with whom they
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Ithelms. Ilhelm* I* among the
few cities In France with empty
apartment* ami a «lumping In-
duMtrlal real estate market. The
return of the population has not
kept pace with rebuilding and
restoration. a* there ar»
75.900 Inhabitaal*. as compared
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To the world. Ithelms general­
ly I* associated first with cathe­
drals, and the'n champagne. Be
fore the war, however. It waann
Important Industrial city, where
wool weaving, «pinning and
bleaching employed 10,000 lier­
sons, now reduced to about ons-
third of tbut number.
Mnd which at nrmlatlce time
10 to 30 franc* the
Miliare meter, when It wn*
thought the city would be Itself
again In a short time, I* now of
fered nt from 5 to 10 franca.
The “Leaguq for the Industri
al, Commercial nnd Labor De­
velopment of HhelmqJ’ has ta-en
formed to come to the rescue.
OOO0OOOOOOOOOOOOOO9OCH
would mingle In the regular ¡»eniten-
One of the out*tandlng problem« in
th« administration of the prison sy«
tern, In addition to the congestion que*
tlon. Is that of providing suitable em­
ployment for all the prisoners.
At
present large numbers of able-bodied
prison Inmutes are In enforced Idle­
ness.
The whole theory of the federal pri»
ons Is bused on the conception that
a prison should be a corrective rather
than a purely punl^ve Institution. It 1«
believed that many novice* at law-
breaking can be redeemed If trained Ln
useful trade*, which would make It pos-
slide for them to support themselves
honestly.
HONOR WIFE OF
BUILDER OF V/ALL
Chinese Erect Temple to Worn
an's Memory.
Clilnwnngtao.— Where the Peking
Mukden railway pierces the great wall
of China at Hliunhalkwan Is ■ temple
erected to the memory of ■ pious wife
who«» husband perished In the build
Ing <if the structure.
Chili lluangtl, th« emperor who
united *11 China, came to th« throne In
246 11.
It was Uhih who built the
great wall to keep the country to
gather.
A woman from the south, so th
legend run*, brought cotton wadded
clothe* for her man, who bad been
lmpre**ed by the emperor to help
build the wall. She wn* told that her
husband had died, nnd that «he could
not have »«I m body because it had been
thrown between the brick facing* of
the wall and crushed there under tons
of rubble and earth.
The woman persuaded a comrade of
her huaband to ahow her the »tretch
of wull where the txidy of her husband
lay. Three day* and three night*
thereafter «he walked up and down
that length, until the compassion of
the divine power was excited by her
laments, and that part of the wall col-
lapsed.
The scandal came to the eara of the
emperor, who recognized, beneath hi*
tyranny, that the conduct of the wom­
an had been ino«t orthodox. To regu­
larize the matter, he directed that «he
be admitted to hl* household. First,
however, he granted her prayer that
she be permitted to select the bones
of her husband for more deliberate
burial.
The woman gathered up her hue­
band's bone* and walked to the end
of the wall, abutting on the sea. from
which. before the guard! could atop
her, she cast the bones Into th« sea
and herself after them.
The Image of the pious wife. In Im
perial robe*. Hand* In the temple near
the spot, while the breach In th« wall
Is now perpetual.
•
Sorry Now
Gowanda, N. Y.—Some sixteen In-
dlan maids are sorry they had their
hair bobbed. Because of their short
tresses a movie company would not
take them to Florida with 125 other*
Science* Beats Silk
Worm at Own Game
Artificial Product Come» In
to Wider U»e.
New York.—The silk worm, after
losing Its secret, is giving way to the
competition of man's science and ma­
chinery.
Itayon, an artificial textile fabric
closely resembling silk In appearance.
Is used In the manufacture of hosiery.
which consume* one fifth of the do-
mestic production, and of ribbon, cot-
Its tensile
ton and woolen goods,
strength Is greater than cotton and
less than silk.
fount Hllulro de Chnrdonnet wits
the first to produce rayon, and he
called It artificial silk when he Intro­
duced the fabric nt the Paris exposi­
tion* In 1864. His Invention resulted
from n study of tbe organic process
which taken place as tbe silk worm
produces silk.
Produce* V*g*t»bl* Flb*r.
Imitating thin artificially, he pro­
duced a vegetable fiber which organ­
ically resembled cotton more than
silk.
Improvements were mnde In
the process until cellulose, .the ma-
Flying /Trophy and Its Sculptor
ça ¡
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Staten Island Gets a Huge New Dry-Dock
terlnl con«tltutlng the cell wall* of
plants, could be manufactured Into
rayon on a large scale.
Many processes are used, hut In all
some type of cellulose I* reduced to
a .jellylike muss and pumped through
glass nozzle* In which there are fine
capillary tubes so small a* to be In­
visible to the naked eye. This pro­
duces endless threads which are
pumped Into chemical baths to harden
and bleach them. From this stage,
the fibers are spun and handled like
silk.
The sllkllke sheen which rayon Im-
parts to cotton fabric when woven
Into It within the Inst few months has
resulted In a large demand from the
cotton mills of the South and has
greatly stimulated the sale of cotton
goods throughout the country.
Cover* Phon* Wire*.
Rayon also Is used for covering tele­
phone wires nnd electro magnet*,
trimming and beading tire fabrics, for
doll's hair, artificial flowers, shoe
laces, suspenders, garter linings and
In knit goods.
In n statement Issued by the Bab-
son statistical organization It was es
timnted that the domestic production
of rayon was approximately 39.000,000
pounds In 1924, ns compared with
8.000.000 pounds In 1920 and 2,450.000
In 1914.
This year’s output will approximate
70,000,000 pounds. One hundred and
forty million pounds was the total of
the world's production last year, with
the United States lending all other
countries.
The competition between silk and
rayon Is reflected In prices. In 1920
raw silk dropped from $18 a pound to
$5, while rayon of the unbleached 150
dernier grade wus cut from $8.50 to
$2 a pound.
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UMOÍRWQOC
Till* I* the Brighton Murine No. 4, a single-section “ry-dock which was launched at Staten Island. It wu*
christened by Miss O. L Loomis, daughter of th* president of the Lehigh railroad. It 1* th« largest single-section
dry dock In the country and took eight month* to build.
Gypsies Must Stop
Roaming in Russia
tongue. The first snd third command­
ments are directed to the ‘rom.’ The
second is directed to th« women whose
position in the tribe is hinted by the
Washlngton. — Gypsies must stop repetition of the word 'husbands.' In­
roaming I
deed, 'Romany' may be translated ‘the
The Soviet government ha* Issued sect of husbands.'
the flat. Three years of grace are al­
Abrogates Debtor Custom.
lowed the gypsies. Then there must
“The first injunction, ‘separate not
be no more wandering through all the
the from the husbands.' is responsible for
Russia*. The covered
swarthy soothsayer In brilliant ruga, the maintenance of the tribal spirit
wild gypsy music at the roadside camp­ and the language. That the second
has been strictly observed, there Is
fire, must take up the trail to limbo.
“Of the many new decrees and ample testimony by the fact that
programs of the Soviet republic, set­ gypsies the world over have staring
tling the gypsy on the land probably black eye*, rich black hair, and a
has as little hope a* any of accotnpllsh- •warthy complexion. The last com­
ment,~*says a bulletin of the National mandment has lost force because civi­
Geographic society from Its headquar- lized law will not permit operation of
ters In Washington. “Many nations the old gypsy law compelling the de­
In many ages have tried to control faulting debtor to serve as slave to
that strange figure, the gypsy—and tbe lender for a year and a day.
have failed.
The name gypsy Itself is the per­
The Flame of Nomadism.
petuation of an error. The first tribes
“Since the early part of the Nine­ arriving in England told the British
teenth century students and scholars they carne from 'Litlll Egypt' In the
have tried to understand the gypsy. rough-and-tumble of language 'Egyp-
They have compared the gypsy of Rus­ tlans' became ‘gypsies.’ The French
sia to the gypsy of Hungary, Spain. fell Into error, too, and their mistake
Englund and America. They have has been transplanted to English.
charted his westward advance. They Thinking gypsies came from Bohemia,
have examined his language and the French called them Bohemians.
linked It with Sanskrit and tongue* With the big 'B' become dwarf, we
of India. They have set down his cus­ have a label for a ‘light-hearted, so­
tom*. They have accounted for near­ phisticated man-about-town.’ A Bohe­
ly every characteristic of the gypsy mian. perforce, is a ‘root’ relative to
race except the one that sets the gypsy Bohemia, tire eastern knob of Czecho-
apart from all other races. Why has
the flame of nomadism lived In the
gypsy? Why can’t he deny the call
of the open road? That Is the real
mystery. It stands unexplained.
“Gypsies have had Inducements to
»ettle on the land in nearly every na­
tion they have Invaded. Ln Scotland Conference
Board
Make*
they paid for vagrancy with their
Study of Taxation.
neck* tn the time of James V. A few
countries enn report permanent com­
New York.—Twelve and a half
munities of gypsies, but generally the
cents
out of every dollar of the com­
law glides over their black head* and
fall* to mold them Into 'good, solid bined income of 'the American people
during the last year went into taxes,
citizens.'
according to a study In taxation by
Another Gypsy Mystery.
“Another mystery of Gypsydom. the the national Industrial conference
capacity for keeping the race strain board. New York. The total burden
pure, although they wander the world of federal, state and local taxes ha*
over and mix with men of all nations. nearly doubled In proportion to na­
Is easier to explain. Strict obedience tional Income since 1913, rising from
to three precepts of gypsy law has 6.9 per cent In 1913 to 12.5 per cent
saved their Individuality from the In 1924, also showing an Increase over
world’s melting pot, according to the preceding year. 1923, when the
George Borrow. This British mission­ total tax burden amounted to 11.8
ary studied the gypsy nearly 100 years per cent of the national Income.
While the Increase of taxation In
ago. yet so fine I* his prose, *o ac­
curate were hl* observation*, and so proportion to national Income In 1924
unchanging Is the gypsy. In both line­ in part was due to Increased state
age and language, that Borrow's book* and local tax levies. it was In part
to this day are treasures of lore. The however, also due to a decrease in
three commandments of Romany are: national Income during that year, the
board points out.
Separate not from the husbands.
The national income In 1924 Is esti­
Be faithful to the husbands.
mated by the conference board at
Pay your debts to the husbands.
“ 'Rom' means 'man' In the gypsy $68.600.000 as against $65.000,000 in
Soviet Government Close»
Open Road to Them.
—y
Princess Rousradana Mdlvanl, prominent sculptor, with her model for a
memorial to the Lafayette escndrllle which Is to be offered as an International
thing trophy by Clifford B. Harmon of New York.
COPPER IN COLLEGE
Elmer Carlson, a senior at the Uni­
versity of Wisconsin, Is working his
way through- the university by serving
as a member of the Madison police
force.
Washington.—According to a
report prepared by the council
of nationalities of the Soviet
unioa received by the Russian
information bureau here, the
Jewish population of the Soviet
union has decreased to 2,800,000,
as compared with 5,000,000 In
the territory of the former czar­
ist empire.
The decrease of 2,200,000, or
more than two-fifths, is ex­
plained by the Io** of heavily
populated Jewish centers to Po­
land, Lithuania and other state*
at the close of the war and also
by ti>e numerous pogrom* of the
white guard and the Petlura and
Pollab armies in the Ukraine
and In White Russia during the
period* of civil war and inva­
sion.
Slovakia, which 1* not particularly fa­
mous for llght-heartednesa, sophistica­
tion or men-about-town.
"The Soviet edict wa* probably di­
rected to the ‘Zlganl.’ This appella­
tion is far more accurate than ‘gypsy’
and may be regarded as the true uni­
versal root name by which the race
itself prefer* to be known. In the
Balkans it becomes Tslgan; in Greece
and Turkey, Tshingian ; in Italy, Zin-
garl ; in Germany, Zlgeuner. Their In­
ternational name may not have es­
caped the English language entirely,
for some authorities find it in our
word ‘tinker.’ The gypsies were the
peddlers and.the Itinerant repairmen
of Old England—the tinkers,"
TWELVE AND A HALF CENTS
OF DOLLAR GOES FOR TAXES
Gulls of Navy-Marine Memorial
Thousands of Game Birds
Victims of Cruel Malady
Klamath Falls, Ore.—Thousands of
ducks nnd geese Ue dead In Tule lake
ns a result of n strange malady, be­
lieved Induced either by alkali water
or by rank, stagnant ponds. To cope
with the situation the United States
biological survey has been notified, and
will conduct an examination to de­
termine what is the cause of the whole­
sale deaths In the ranks of thousand*
of game birds.
Game Warden Barnes will send sev­
eral dead birds to the biological sur­
vey research otllce In Portland, where
vital organs of the bird* will be an
nlyzed to determine the cause of death
A similar problem with deer faced
game authorities last year. Score* of
mule-tnil deer died In Modoc county
from consuming wet mud In a drledup
spring.
Nearly Half Prewar
Jew» in Russia Gone
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1923, representing a decrease of three
per cent for the year. Expressed in
dollars of current purchasing power,
the national Income in 1924 was al­
most double that of 1913; deflated to
take into account the decline in pur­
chasing power of the dollar since 1913,
the national Income in 1924, In term*
of “1913 dollars" was $39.000,000, as
against $32,000,000 in 1913.
While the average gain in popula-
tion, according to census figures, has
been about 114 per cent annually, fed-
eral, state and local taxes together
have Increased at so fast a pace that.
according to the board’s computation,
the total per capita tax burden has
risen from $22.73 In 1913 to $70.97
in 1924, or more than trebled. The
same is true of the average tax
burden of each gainfully occupied per
son in the United States, which has In­
creased 208.8 per cent from 1913 to
1924, from $59.25 to $182.94.
Measuring the tax burden per
family, the social unit, the board finds
that it has nearly trebled, having risen
from $102.12 In 1913 to $304.23 In 1924.
The conference board, however, spe­
cifically emphaslxes the Increase of
taxation in proportion to national In­
come as the truest and most signifi­
cant test of the burdensomeness of
! taxes, Inasmuch as national income
J is the measure of a nation’s capacity
to spend.
Mausoleum to Be Built
for Hero of Buena Vi»ta
Louisville, Ky.—The body of Zachary
Taylor, hero of the Mexican war and
twelfth President of the United States,
is at last to rest in ground owned by
the government he served.
A mausoleum 1* to be built to house
the bodies of the victor of Buena Vista
and his wife, giving lasting recogni­
tion to the man who defeated Gen.
Santa Anna’s army of 21,000 with 5,000
volunteers and added millions of square
miles to the area of bl* native land.
General Taylor’» grave *tnce 1850 has
been marked with a granite shaft 21
feet high, six miles northeast of here.
The future shrine of General Taylor,
to be near the old one, will be of In­
diana limestone and will Inclose sarco­
phagi of verde antique marble to con­
tain the bodies. Bronze doors with
glazed upper panel* will permit the In­
Begni del Platta, the sculptor, working in his New York studio on the terior, Illuminated by a window In th*
se* gulls of the Navy and Marine memorial model. The gulls on the finished rear wall, to be seen.
The length of the mausoleum will be
monument will be approximately twice the size of those on the model. They
16 OaeL
will be oolsed forty feet In the air over the crest of a great ocean wave.
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