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About Dayton tribune. (Dayton, Oregon) 1912-2006 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 13, 1920)
KIEV EVACUATED WHILE BURNING Americans With Polish Army Tell Thrilling Story of Flight From Bolsheviki. MANY ATROCITIES BY REOS Evacuation ta Walrd and Plcturasqua Hsppsnlng— Hackad and Mutilât««! Bodlaa of Pollah Soldlara At- taat Crualty of Roda. Washington.*—A vivid description of the evacuation of Kiev by the Polish army was received In Washington, In the simp» of tnnll dlspatcbea from Wursuw, thiv polish capital., Colonel Gaskill, formerly of the American anny, tmt now of the Polish railway mission, mid Juy I ’. Moffat, secretary of the Ainerlc'nn Legation at W arm w, J1 furnished two of the clearest stories of the actualabandonm ent of the Ukrainian city. The account, which, nltlmtigh not official. Is regarded us reliable Infor mation, follows: Plcturasqus and Thrilling Evant “Tha evacuation of Kiev liy the Pol lah army was a plrtureMpie as well ns a thrilling event. Credit for sav ing not only his men hut also for the rescue of the Immense swarm of ref ugees which accompanied tlnf army must he given to General Ryds Smlg- ley. the Polish commander O.' the Kiev occupation. Since the evacuation these refugees have been making Ihelr way Into Warsaw clad In anything remotely resembling clothes and have been giving truthful hut none the less extraordinary accounts of the experi ences which they have undergone. •‘Colonel Gusklll, who cnmn out of Kiev with the Polish troops, wan with Ihe Polish atnff there throughout the entire experience and witnessed the plnniilng as well as the execution of the evacuation movement. Mr. Moffat took part In the evacuation of Jlto- tnlerrs and experienced, nfter Ihe Budenny red cavalry raid, a thrilling night ride through the forests of Ko vel, while Ihe i>eu*nnts along Ihe wny were apparently taking pot shots nt any soldiers they saw, with little re gard Io the color of their uniforms. “The stories told by both Colonel Gaskill and Mr. Moffat confirm what has so often been said of (he cruelties of the red troops. Colonel Gaskill told with considerable vividness of the descent of the reds upon the city even before the troops and refugees had gotten awny. and of a night spent nttild turbulence and constant Indis criminate firing by the reds on refu gees and troop iralns. Fortunately their aim for the most part was poor. Mr. Moffat In his region snw the hack ed and mutilated bodies of .Polish sol- dlers along Ihe roadway nt Jltomlerrx. and the hotties of four mutilated sol diers hanging In n freight car. their wounds attesting that Ihelr deaths had been made ns horrible as humanly possible, “The condition of the refugees wns described by l»olh men ns pathetic, men. women and hnhles being huddled Into box cars, and nil arrayed In tnoal extraordinary makeshift clothing. They had been summoned to flee the cky with hnrdly more than an hour of wnrnlng and all had fled nlmost ns they stood, They had abandoned their homes with no prepnntlon. They had no food and no clothing other than whnt they wore. Even more ter rible than the refugees, however, was was actually under way Ihe convoys were suffering from gunfire ns well us from the bomb* of the aviators, and III the city which they had left be hind the fleeing trneps and refugees could see the flames mounting steadl- 1 ly from hurtling buildings. The ride i out w in an exciting one. The trains could only he moved at u slow speed, Ihe condition of tlm people whom the and Polish soldiers were required on Poles Were ohllgeil to leave behind the footboards of uli the engines to since the trains could not accommo [ maintain order and prevent panic.” date them. There were Incidents In which fathers and mothers gave up FRENCH GALLANTRY IS DEAD Ihelr places In order that their chil dren, particularly ihelr daughters,■ Qlrls Now Hava to Fight for Saata mightV'scupe from Ihe doomed region. In Parla 8ubway Traina. * Ordered to Leave City. I ’p Io the last, according Io Colonel Parts.— Ho had have Ihe traveling Gaskill's account, the Poles were de termined to hold the city. The staff conditions become on Ihe lubes here had not only planned hut hud put that the woman workers. Including the Into operation a scheme for defense, mlddlnettes and modistes of the fash nml General Ilydx Hmlgley wns satis ionable simps, have demanded that a fied that while tly cost ihlgl^t he S|ieclal carriage on each train he re heavy, they could l.old Ihelr ground. served for women. “The traditional gallantry of France All the time that Ihe decision wns be ing made, Colonel Gaskill dated, the must be dead," remarked a tired busi staff headquarters was fairly besieged ness girl. “Traveling on the metro at by Russians and Poles begging the certain hours of the day has become ‘ general not to abandon them and pre nothing more or less than a buttle In dicting their fute with the return of which the weak huve no chance against the strong.” the reds. The knowledge that the reds had i crossed the river and were advancing from the north was confirmed by the Wireless Guidance apiM'iirunce of red airplanes which be for Swedish Fishers gan dropping Incendiary bombs on the city so that In a relatively short time Stockholm. — Wireless tele hulf a dozen fires were hunting. phone recel vers are being placed "While the Polish stuff wns en by the Swedish government on deavoring to reach a decision the posi fishing craft, so the fishers may tive order came from the chief of bo warned of had weather and staff, Pllsudskl, to abandon the place, Informed where good catches of and a Wild rush of preparation began. herring tnny he expected. As no A Polish Red Cross and other agen transmitters will he placed on cies hegnn to gather together the ref the boats the fishers will not be ugees and the army officials to mar able to communicate with other shal their men. These pre|mrntlons vessels nor with wireless sta were, of course, noted by the enemy, tions on shore. and the''num ber of red planes In creased. Ily the time the movement VENTILATION IN METAL MINES An Economic Fault That Should Be Remedied, Says Federal Engineer. LIVES AND EFFICIENCY LOST On« Thousand Dis Annually From Miner's Consumption, Chiefly Caused by Duet— Time Lost Aggregates Millions of Dollars. Washington.—The desirability of efficient control of nlr currents and the necessity of supplying metal mine workers with better and safer work ing conditions has created an active Interest In metal mine ventilation, es pecially tn recent years. In a patter Just Issued by the United States bu reau of mines the writer, D. Hurrlng- ton, mining engineer of the bureau, discusses the subject both with regard to efficiency and economy ns well as safely and health. It Is hosed on per sonal observations of Mr. Harrington during more than four years’ study of metal mines In six states. In which more than fifty mines were visited. In coal mines ventilation Is general ly regarded as essentlul, hut In many metal mines, especially shallow ones, the operators pay little attention to ventilation, or Ignore It altogether, says the writer. Mr. Harrington*says: Ventilation Necessary. “There Is greater necessity for nde- General Pershing Gets Jeweled Sword The British ambassador to the United Stales, Sir Aueklnml Gedde«, pre senting to Gen. John J. Pershing n mngnlficent sword, Jeweled, chased nnd engraved In commemoration of the splendid services rendered during tho war by General Pershing and the men who. fought under him. The sword wns n gift from the corporation nnd c,t.v. of London, delayed until London’s Jewelers could be released from their m ilitary tasks long enough to fashion the gift with all possible care. quate ventilation of metal mines than of coal mines. The latter require air currents to remove explosive gases and the fumes of explosives, but metal mines, In addition to the need of re moving fumes of explosives and occa sionally explosive gases, frequently have need of removing dusts danger ous to health, reduction of high tem peratures and high humidity, nnd re moval of Inert, but unhealthfut gases.” The main features affecting metal- mine ventilation as outlined In part by Mr. Harrington, are: Movement of 4 lr— This Involves ef fects of air movement at various tem peratures, humidities, nnd with cer tain gases present, nnd the advisable velocity of current to use. Temperature—The temperature of the a ir In a metal mine Is Influenced by the outside a ir temperature, under ground rock and water temperature, oxidation of ores and timbers, mine Area, friction of a ir due to velocity o t flow, movement of ground, firing of shots, quantity of air circulating, heat front breathing of men and nnlutals, heated a ir from other mines, heat from electric motors and other machinery. Hum idity— The humidity of mine air depends on the relative humidity of surface air, wetness of shafts and workings, the velocities, quantities, and temperatures of the a ir circulate«!. Where small tan units are employed to force a ir through galvanised Iron or canvas tubing, these also affect the humidity through absorption or depo sition o f moisture. Mine gases nnd dusts—The Intake air Is usually pure, except In rare In stances where smoke or dust from sur face works may be present. The air In the mine changes through breathing of men and animals, burning of lights, oxidation of ore or timber, gases Issu ing from strntn, gases from mine Urea, fumes from explosives, gases from compressed nlr, gnses from operation of machinery, dusts from drilling, blasting, shoveling and other work. Studied by Experts. The w r ltir says that the burenu ot mines nnd the United States public health service, In conjunction with the Investigation of mine dusts aad gases, are studying effects of tem|>crature and humidity on workmen’s li«>nlth and efficiency. "Few mines having humid hot work ing places with no circulation have es caped without one or more fatnlltlea from ’heart failure,’ which Is -really hen{ prostration,” says Ihe writer, “yet proper nlr circulation would mnke these mines endurable. “In some mines where gnses Ruch ns nitrogen or carbon dioxide Issue from the strain, fnlalltles nnd mnrty cases of gassing have occurred front Inade quate ventilation; the remedy Is force or pressure ventilation with constant vigilance. Many lives have been lost ns well ns much property, front fires in metal mines because no ventllnttng equipment arranged to control the air currents In such an emergency had been provided. “Miners’ consumption prohnbly kills at least 1,000 metal miners annually In the United States, and causes n loss of time aggregating millions of dol lars; the misery and suffering to min ers nnd their families cannot be esti mated. Yet the causes of this disease could be reduced 75 per cent. If not wholly eliminated by proper preventive measures on the part Sif operator and miner, one of the most potent meas ures, as previously mentioned, Is ade quate ventilation.’’ __ * Building Giant Airship for United States **• x*5****^ Ictirr.ational fdm S*r*n* The giant framework of the It-38, the world's largest airship, being built at Curdlngton beds, England, for »he United Stutes government. I t Is now nearing completion. BEAT RENT HOGS BY CO-OPERATION Finns Build and Occupy Own Apartments for Only $26.35 a Month. H. G. L IN FOR REAL RATTLE Co-Operative Bakeries and Dairies A»e Soon to Be Erected— Communi ty Club House and Co-Operative Reataurant Big Success. New York.— In these hectic days of frenzied fam ily finance when the life of the average New YqrlcFr Is Just one moving van nfter anotfier, envious at tention Is directed toward a certain group of thrifty citizens who are re siding calmly, comfortably and cheaply In thelf own a irtraent houses. Their leisure hours are never Invad ed by landlords and real estate agents, their sleep Is undisturbed by night mares of sudden evictions, and their eyesight Is unhurt by constant contact with the dally "to let" columns. They live tn attractive, sunny homes, con taining the latest Inspirations In plumbing, the newest styles In win dows, and the hottest kind of heat. For all of these luxuries they pay aMout $30 per fam ily per month, with the pleasant knowledge that the rent never can be raised unless they per mit It. Ara Not Plutocrats, Either. They are not wealthy. They are hnrd-worklng people—c a r p e n t e r s, painters, pnperhangers, tailors, type setters nnd shop keepers nnd their fam ilies— who nre not often found dwell ing In luxury when the rest of the world Is putting up with all sorts of Inconveniences. How do they do It? Well, In the first place, they live In Brooklyn. But that does not explain It. Brooklyn Is not Immune from the high cost of liv ing any more than any ocher town. But they nre Finns, and that explains a great deal. F or the Finns are an ex tremely th rifty tot. So It happens that while most na tive Americans have been sitting around deploring the high cost of liv ing but meekly paying exorbitant prices for food and rents, the Finns of Brooklyn have been forming co-opera tive societies nnd forcing down ihelr living costs to the lowest possible min imum. Besides two co-operative apartment houses, they own a com munity club house, a co-operative res taurant and plots of ground upon which co-operative hnkeries uttd dai lies soon nre to he erected. First came the club house, vh'ch Is always the first social mette of the Finns wherever they go. It Is an at tractive building, with coffee and game rooms, smoking parlors, women's club rooms, and an auditorium where pub lic meetings, dances and theatricals nre held. To the Finn drama Is al most as essential as food, so that the people do not consider It an extrava gance to employ a dramatic coach for their young people. Across from the club house Is the co-operative restau rant, and nearby Is a lot which some day, when building conditions oecome a trifle more stable. Is to support a co operative moving picture house. The chief activity of the club bouse soon became the voicing of discontent with living conditions. The Finns, hav ing come to America, the land of op portunity, seeking relief from a stern and exacting environment, were frank ly disappointed. They found them selves crowded Into grimy tenements, with Insufficient heat and water and light and air, and unable to earn enough to obtain anything better. The .wages which had appeared so high to them from the other side of the ocean seemed to shrink visibly as they were doled out for food and rent and clothes. America W ort« Than Finland. “A fter all,” declared one of the Fin nish apartment house dwellers .the oth er day, “It wns Just as bad as In Fin land, only In some ways It was a little worse because It was all strange— the country, the language and the ways of the people. In some of the tenement flats the kitchen was the only room that was heated, and It was not large enough to hold all of the fam ily at once. The children caught colds go ing from heated rooms to unheated ones, and half the time In those old houses the water failed to run from the spigot, so that it wns hard for us to keep clean. I t Is still so. When you tell the landlords, they say they cannot afford to make repairs.” But the Finns were not satisfied merely to discuss conditions. They «lidded to change them. The carpen ters .and the painters and plasterers nnd the paperhangers among them knew a good deal about building, and they finally suggested the Idea of a co operatively owned apartment house. They realized that It would be a huge undertaking for families with so little capital, but experience In Finland had taught them the value of co-operation. In the beginning, 20 fnmilles were In terested In the project, but when It actually came to the stage of signing contracts and buying ground and Aid for Fleeing Russians A Turkish'avnter carrier distributing water ..i.ioug Russian families on hoard a vessel, fleeing from their devastated Russian homes to southern Europe. ____ “ ‘Flapper,’ Give Up Seat,” Say Women of London London.—“You may have my seat, sir,” Is whnt the “flapper” should say when she finds a tired, overworked business man standing near her In a London train or bus. This revolution In feminine deportment Is suggest ed not by the men but by Eng lishwomen who object to their husbands surrendering seats In public conveyances to girls and women returning home a ft e r , frivolous errands. building materials, all but six became discourage! and dropped out. Six families, however, refused to re linquish the project, and saw It through to the bitter end. They pro posed to bnlld a 16-famlly apartment house, and found themselves facing the problem of raising >45,000. A treas urer was appointed, anil each family paid weekly Installments to the com munal treasury until they had >8,000 In a box. W ith this they bought a building plot. The rest of the money they obtained from a co-operative so clety's bank In the form of first and second mortgages. Much of the bulMlng was done by the men df the six families, all of whom took a special pride In their work and strove frantically to outri val one another In painting and plas tering various rooms. Their task com pleted, the co-operators moved In, heavily In debt as It might seem to the uncooperative. Actually, however, they were paying Interest on their own debts, and not on the debts of 'some landlord. That Interest, together with substantial monthly payments on prin cipal, taxes, general upkeep, and oth er expenses, amounted to considerably less than they would have paid in rent for apartments of the satAe size. Each fam ily had a light, five-room apartment, with all modern improve ments Including telephone, hot and cold water, a bath room and a kitchen (not a kitchenette) and for these ac commodations they paid Into the com mon building fund >26.35 a month. Then Came the Rush I As It became known that such homes could be obtained at such a remarka bly low price, the first six co-speratora were overwhelmed with applications from other families, who wished to Join the movement. The bouse was soon full of tenants, but so great was the demand for similar accommoda tions that another co-operative group was organized to build a second apart ment house. This time the coopera tors were not so timid In risking their money, ahd decided that their house should be even bigger with even great er conveniences. Incidentally, It was to cost >50,000 more, due not to the added Improve ments but to the Increased cost of building materials. The cost of the latter rose so rapidly that a third group, which wns on the point of or ganization, ddclded to defer building until conditions became a trifle less chaotic and the cost of bricks went down. Envy of Less Enterprising. This was two years ago. Today, these progressive, cooperative Finns are the envy of alt their less enterpris ing neighbors. They are enjoying warm, comfortable and convenient homes at n small cost at a time when many Individuals are reduced to un comfortable makeshifts und all are de pendent on the none too tender mer cies of their landlords. Each family Is permitted tn pay off Its share of the principal as rapidly ns possible, and several of then, ’-a,a nearly achieved complete ownership of ihelr apnrtments. Others, moving to other cities, havq been compelled rt- lue'niitly to part with theirs. Oiily one rtstrlctlon Is place 1 on the safe o( an apartment, nnd that Is the p'ovl- siot^that only one apartment may be owned by each fam ily— in order to mnlntaln the tnlo co-operative natura of the colony. »thus, the Finns have shown us how to make the most of tl e motto on our national currency, “ In union there Is strength.”— Frederic J. Haskln io Chi- cago News.
