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About Portland labor press. (Portland, Oregon) 1900-1915 | View Entire Issue (April 21, 1913)
P ortland Volume XIII. Number 2 labor P ress Whole Number 69 0 Portland, Oregon, April 21, 1913 ling scattered over a large territory, COUNCILMAN CHARGES : 250,000 DANGEROUS 'CENTRAL COUNCIL’S meeting of the California Immigration IMMIGRATION PROBLEM League will be held, to take « are of the ___ — make them absolutely safe. The amount , CHARTER REVOKED io8t exre8(1 by tbe B fraction of a of f,w one bMU doeK MANY IRREGULARITIES immigrants when they arive. That is V l i m i l U l » IWJ » I not per cent.! SCHOOLS IN COUNTRY CONFERENCE SUBJECT: laudable endeavor, but unquestionably work, traveling, etc. The deposits be- The deposit* draw interest for the bene the action of the Portland conference fit of all members. Abueea Which Have Orown In the City can and will result in preventing a Insurance Engineering Charges that Seattle's Organisation Refuses to Un It is a legislative body. It plans, Portland Contrai Labor Council Izaues : great deal of injurious and surplus Government are Pointed Out by seat Two Locals of Electrical Work adopts and amends a constitution and Buildings Now Being Constructed Call for Workers of the W estern; immigration coining to California, thus rto n n e lim a n Maguire, Who Izenae His local by-laws without any interference ers and American Federation Calls and advice from outside parties. Mis “ Are Built to Burn"; Fire Loss Last Oather In Conference t o ! « «<»» P™«»1« 1 manner a8"iRtin« •talea to Reasons for Candidacy for Mayoralty. 1 the Immigration League. for Charter; Work Will be Continued. takes can be rectified s|>eedily wben- Year More than «3,000,000. “ Address all communications to Ed. Study Panama Ca..al Immigration. _____ ever necessary. There is no conflict Koaenberg, Secretary, Special Immigra - | of interests to any appreciable extent. Councilman James Maguire has is tion Committee, room 219 Ooodnough The charter of th^ Heattle Central La , j ^ a l difference» can be adjusted in sued the following statement of his There are 1250,000 dangerous school The Central Labor Council of Port building, Portland, Oregon. buildings in the United States and that bor Council has been revoked by t h e ! the interest of the general welfare, reasons for entering the race for mayor land has taken the initiative in a move “ Bespeaking for this important mat those now being built are “ built to American Federation because the council! vjewe(j from a broad standpoint. of Portland: ment to study the foreign immigration ter your most careful consideration and burn,” according to Insurance Eng refused to unseat two locals of Electri It is a direct legislation league. The “ First. I cannot remain as a mem problem, as it may affect the workers favorable action, we are, fraternally ineering, which publishes a sensational cal Workers from the Reid faction of initiative and referendum, which are ber of the City Council because the of the Pacific coast and the intermoun yours, article on the risks to property and to the brotherhood. The vote was taken the cardinal features in the structure salary is not sufficient. tain states. The ¡dan is comprehensive “ B. O. RECTOR, Chairman. constitution, enable a small num life in the school houses of the country. Wednesday night, the result being 60 of “ Second. Our municipal govern “ ED. ROSENBERG, Secretary,! and is intended to give the entire prob A tabulated list of cities where the votes for refusal to unseat and 18 ber of unions to propose amendments ment ie now and has been for 27 years lem most thorough and far reaching in Special Immigration Committee, Central ; magazine's investigations have shown affirmative votes. and substitute*. They are submitted run by a bunch of politicians, who pay vestigation, in preparation for condi Labor Council of Portland anj} j dangerous conditions includes Portland. Immediately upon the announcement to a referendum vote, with or without attention to the interests of the com tions which are expected to appear soon vicinity.” “ In 1011,” says Insurance Engineer of the result of the vote General Or- j any discussion, as the case may be, and mon people only when they want votes. after the opening of the Panama canal. | ing, “ the value of school and college ganlzer Taylor requested that.the Sec- approved or rejected. This form of Third. Mince I have been a mem The European Inquiry. The Central Iaiber Councils in 76 *of"the City' Council, I have seen buildings destroyed by fire approxi- retary be instructed to turn over to , ¡egiHution is simple, direct and effec- j cities and towns in the Western states The letters sent to 50 Trade Union bated $3,000,000. In 1912 the losses ex him the charter of the Council to be tive. and heard the attorney of the Southern have been asked to send delegates to organizations in Euro|ie contain this ceeded that. If the rate of burning returned to Washington. The Presi It is a school <>n economics. The Pacific Railroad tell tho councilman a conference to be held in Portland, statement of the case: in 1913 continue« as it has begun, the dent so instructed the 8 « retary and Manchester School of Political Econ then seated on iny left how to vote. beginning June 5, at which plans will ’ ‘ I have seen a street worth a quarter, “ The Panama Canal is expected to fire losses this year will exceed $3,500,- the charter was immediate’.« delivered omy, from Adam Smith to the present be developed to aid immigrants after be ojiened to traffic in 1914. The 000. Fires gain headway because the up- day, has evolved e school of doctrines of a million dollars given away in their arrival in this country, in an e f Pacific Coast States of North America means are not at hand to extinguish and critics of all shades and colors. It defiance of the city eharter. fort to control the disastrous conditions are threatened, as the result of this them in incipient stage». A chemical WOULD CONTROL NEWSPAPER». has evolved a system of speculative “ I have seen a law initiated once which now threaten the workers in the opening, with a great flood of artifical- extinguisher, a line of hose ready for philosophy not based 011 concrete rases panned by the people, revoked by the states of California, Oregon, Washing ly induced immigration. Press reports use, m pail of sand or a bucket of water Colorado May Declare Dally Papers to and facts. Numerous books have been Council and another passed by the ton, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, state that the great steamship com would have saved many schools from issued on the functions of capital, the Council to take the place of the law, he Public UtUltlee. Nevada, Arixona, Colorado, and the panies are scouring the European coun total destruction. In Colorado petitions are being cir value of labor, the rate of wages and which was drafted by the attorney for Canadian Provinces of British Columbia tries, especially those of Southern “ ‘ Built to burn’ is a placard that culated, supposedly by the recently profit, the laws of supply and demand, the interested party. and Alberta. It is conceded that Eurojie, fathering laborers for a rush to could be tacked on more than 250,000 organized Citizens’ Protective League, of •,»change, finance, etc. The trade “ I have seen an arbitration • board thousands of men ond women from settle in California, Washington, Ore schoolhouses in the United States. The for the submission of an amendment to union is developing a new school, which named by the e ty and the Southern Southern Europe will come to the Pac- gon, British Columbia and the Western local jail is usually a safer building the state constitution placing news is pure and simple, and based on facts Pacific Railroau . determine the value ifie coast immediately after the canal States generally. papers under the control of the public and scientific investigation. than the local schoolhouse.” of the upper deck of the new Southern shall have been opened to traffic. Such utilities commission and declaring them It is a debating club. The business Pacific bridge, and before the arbi It is shown tn *t in New York City “ These steamship companies are immigration will bring problems to the of the union, be it of a routine character trators had time to discuss the matter all stairways, even in the old build to be public utilities. Iieople of the states mentioned which actuated of course by the most selfish ings, and constructed fireproof and Four hundred workers are said to be or of a more complicated nature, involv the City Council confirmed the decision seem to have been overlooked save by reasons. They want passengers and smokeproof, with automatic self-clos circulating the petitisns, and it is pro ing questions of vital importance, re of the arbitrators and when the decision profits. What becomes of the people posed to obtain 21,291 signatures, the quires discussion and deliberation. organized labor. once they are dumped upon the Pacific ing doors, each building with a suffi required number to have the amendment Points of order arc raised which re was rendered the city was charged cient number to permit its occupants $4,400 per year more than was asked Coast States is no concern of theirs. Call for Conference. vacating in three and one-half minutes placed on the ballot, so that the peti quire careful discussion. The motions by the Southern Pacific Company in “ The great corporations of the West, at the longest. Each building has in tion may be lied at once and thus under debate are amended and sub The letter calling the conference is always bidding for cheaper and cheaper terior signaling apparatus for notify have precedence, as but six can be sub stituted. Parliamentary skill is brought the first place. The eity paid them arbitrators $2,500 for rendering the us follows: labor, are supporting these steamship into ¡day. The natural abilities of the decision. mitted at an election. “ At the regular meeting of the Cen companies. Vast sums of money have ing teachers and pupils as to the need members as debaters and parliamentar ‘ ‘ I have seen men and women from tral I-fibor Council of Portland and been appropriated by commercial bodies of rapid dismissals, and communication Stay Away Prom Nelson. ians are developed by constant practice. th suburbs pleading with the ways with fire alarm telegraph system by vicinity, held March 28th, its special and some of the State L egi.l.ture. to • Qf fire a)arm box Portland members of organized labor The progress made in this direction, in means committee of the Council committee on European immigration, via picture the Western States in the most ■____________ have been requested in communications the courseof years, is of vital Influence for water when millions of gallons the Panama Canal route reported as fol alluring colors, as a land where milk to stay away from Nelson, B. C., be in the affairs of the nation. Carman Oat Raisa. were being sold to large interests on lows: and honey flows for all who settle cause of the strike that is now on for It is a trial court. The rules of the the river front which could have pump A new wage scale has been granted “ ‘Information of more or less gen there. , Now the plain truth is that higher wage» and changed working con union require, for the management of eral nature has come through the press while our Western country ie fertile by the court to the employes of the ditions in that city by the building its affairs, the enforcement of dis ed the water out of the river, but would npt do so because the water board was and other sources that steamship com and suitable for the settlement of the Seattle, Renton & Southern Railway trade* unionists. Practically every cipline and obedience to the laws en g'reat”'cornb'ination. of ; Uompany, »« •« wbo,m, member; . selling them city water at a cheaper panies are already gathering immigrants white “race^the" building trade and labor union in Nel acted by the majority. Punishment as . . . . » s L ‘b« Thn ay-kiAifiila hoi'nmsfl OTlW- in European countries to come to the capital are largely in control of its the union. The schedule becomes effec son is involved In the strike and nearly a deterrent, in the shape of fiqes, sus rate than they could pump it. tive at once and provides an increase “ I have seen the water board take Pacific Coast States on the owning of resources. There is very little oppor all, with the exception of the carpen pension and expulsion from member \\ the Panama Canal. From the Pacific tunity for acquiring good land, except of one cent an hour to all'classes up ters, are demanding higher wages or ship, forms a part of the laws. The $24,000 out of the water fund and uae it for private property development. Coast States these immigrants will over by men of considerable means. The to the fourth year, when a flat wage a reduction in hours. right of trial and defense is accorded per hour is mad*. “ I have seen a report on file in the l y flow the other Western States. wages of labor, especially of the so- of 32 cents _______________ to every member, with the privilege of city hall where one clerk in the water called unskilled or common labor kind,. “ ‘Labor conditions in the Western appeal from one court to another, reach department stole about $3500 and uo f ’lTTTT'D C A e r a t e s have been anM still are on the are simply np to the standard of bare n r v i i T j n n r ing a final decision in the highest court 'V whole, on a slightly higher level than subsistence, just enough to furnish U l i A J l Il E l V L I I I j IVJ by a referednum vote of the members. effort has ever been made to make him account for it. The same report the labor conditions in the Eastern energy to respond to the fierce driving It is an industrial democracy. The shows that two and two thirds miles of the boss. object of the trade union is primarily States. of water pipe ranging in size from the industrial. It aims to elevate the eco Iu the skilled trades wages are ! “ ‘ Numerous efforts on the part of 4 inch service main to the 32-inch main nomic conditions which afl'ect the wel the employers’ associations to lower i »omewhat above this bare level of sub-1 -------- is missing for the year 1911 and can Pacific Coast labor conditions have fail-1 sistcnce, but the immigrant l'"*M>MlnF j Union Makea Effective Oreat Movement Has Many Functions fare of the workers upon a higher not be . 'unted M$r. This means that standard of usefulness and efficiency. ed, so far. The tide of Chinese, Japan- i »uch skill has for some time to contend 1 the water consumers lost a whole train for Good of Workers and Performs Order for Short Worklng Week; New The ideal is equity based An a full esc and Hindu labor has been turned against the handicap of different load of pipe during the year 1911 and AU Well; Features Appeal to All measure of justice, compatible with the back. The long haul by steamer and ' methods of work and often against the Bchedule ot Wages to be Made Op no one in authority seems to know what general welfare. From these objects rail from Europe has left the European ' inability to understand the English Classes. has become of it. The report also érative in Three Years. it cannot depart without destroying shows 39,083 ¡»ounds of lead missing in immigrants in very large numbers E a st; language. the foundation upon which its struc the same year. It also shows a shortage I of the Roeky Mountains. Now these; “ Delegates from 11 Western States | employers’ associations of the West, i wj|j Lold a conference at Portland, Ore., There is 110 law limiting the scope ture is reared.—Cigarmakers' Journal. of $600 in the Albina branch office. The A new wage scale providing for a backed of course, by the steamship | Junt> 5 to 4 ^ ) wjth this danger of same report shows that 10,067 corpora minimum of $4 per day is to be placed of trade unions. Neither is there any companies for selfish reasons, are ox- j abnormal immigration, a danger not artificial barrier to check the useful tion cocks were purchased for the year Stitt Endorsed for Office. in effect throughout the Nation April pecting that their dreams of fuller ex- J on]y (0 the working people ot the West- ness of growth and development. The Georg) W. Stitt, an engineer em 1911 and only 4,802 can be acoouuted 1, 1016, by the Granite Cutters’ Inter ploitatiou of labor can be materialized. ern States of America, but also of great functions and beneficence are as broad ployed by the Central Heating Com for. Union. “ ‘It therefore behooves the organ hardship and suffering to the misguid national “ I hsve seen the executive board on Manx of the granite cutters of this as the universe, and as protective as pany, has announced his candidacy for ized workers of the West to take steps ed immigrants who may come. section of the country will be paid human ingenuUy can devise. ^W ith councilman from the Tenth Ward. Mr. the recommendstor of the mayor put a to safeguard the achievements of the “ At ths conference steps will be much higher rate, the schedule de growing intelligence and the elimina Stitt is a member of Steam Engineers’ valuation of $750 per year on the last 50 years. taken to emphasize the fact that the pending upon the grede of their work tion of narrow selfishness, the trade Local No. 87, and in bis campaign will Fourth street franchise >id at the same “ ‘This can only be done by organ organi. ed working peopleof these West manship, as it is stated that the min unions can fulfill a mission, over have the hearty support of the mombers time charge a peanut xagou $600 per ized labor. ern States freely welcome our brothers imum wage scale will be based by the shadowing the best and noblest traits of his union. year for a license to use a space about ‘ ‘ ‘ How best to do it is uow the quos gigterg from Europe who of their 4x8 feet on the same street. union upon tho earning capacity of its of human endeavor and character in tion. own free will and with full understand ordinary members. the world’s progress. “ 1 have seen car loads of produce UNION TAILOR» IN PORTLAND. “ ‘ Your committee recommends that ing of conditions here wish to cast The scope of the trade unions is sent to the ereamatory and there con On the first of the pieseut month a The following tailors can furnish the . the Central Labor Council of Portland their lot with ours. sumed at the expense of the taxpayers Saturday half holiday wan enforced by developing with the growth of organiza union label: and vicinity authorize this special com ‘Our purpose in writing you is to the granite cutters' union throughout tion on a permanent basis. The key in order to allow a commission trust Huffman & Grant, 287ft Washington mittee to send a letter embodying the sound an initial note of warning and1 tbp entire jurisdiction. Thousands of stones to the arch of permanency are to keep up the prices. street; Oxford Tailors, 143 Broadway; statements here made to the secretaries to ask you to send at your earliest op- ■ mcn gre affecte(j bv this regulation. the protective and benevolent features. Elmgren A Lewis, 2d floor Dekum Build ‘ ‘ I have never seen a man that of the Central Labor Councils of the ¡»ortunity definite information as to _ ------------- ; What we need is a wider scope, rising ing; O ’Neil Tailoring House, Sixth entered into an agreement with the following states: Washington, Califor the methods used by the agents of the above |>etty selfishness and the appre near Stark; Tom Gallagher, 392 Wash city forced to line up to his agreement. Label Directory leaned. nia, Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, ■ hension of timid niiuds. A more per ington; J. Polifka A Co., Corbett Build In every instance the city has been Nevada, Colorado, and the Canadian feet organization of labor on a trade found to keep its agreement and usual Province of British Columbia, request the Panama Canal route to Pacific eetory, issued by the Label Trades Sec union basis is the most stu[>endous ing; William Velten, Dekum Building; ly pay a large bonus besides. IL J. Hejek, Columbia Building; II. J. tion of the Central Labor Council is ing these Councils to send one or two Coast ports are being sold on the in work of modern times. It has no “ I have seen special privileges delegates from each council to a con stallment plan. Try to find out as to being distributed in the city. The parallel in history. Prejudice, ignor Benson, Couch Building; K. E. Hay worth niillious given to a favored few ward, Northwest Building; R. A. N iel ference to devise ways and means to the truth of this rumor and the method booklet is well printed and is a credit ance, selfishness and cowardice are without any com|»ensation whatever. stem this threatened injurious immi of pfiyment, if true. All other infor able effort in behalf of the union label. some of the obstacles in the path of son, Selling Building; McDonald A Col-1 “ I have seen the whole liquor license ltet, 229 Washington street; Alfred The advertising is representative of gration. Your committee suggests that mation bearing on this subject of im progress which have to be removed. Ogilbee, 227ft Washington; R. W. system of the eity turned over to a this conference be held at Portland, migration that you can send us will not enterprising Portland firms. The issue Brvan, 6538 Foster road; A. Pautz, 131 few brewers, so that it was im|>ousible , h X ^ P \ o protect labor of the United! consists of 15,000 copies of the book- Many Valuable Features. Ore., commencing June 5th. Also that I Grand Avenue, K. 8. Ervin A Co., Sell for any person to get a license to sell ouiy uvit V j . . _ __ I let. containing 48 pages and cover. answer as to sending of delegates | States of America, but r »vent great! ,et> containing The scope of a trade union, as con ling Building; Reed Bros., Wilcox Build- liquor in this city unless he went to a returned to the special committee of injury to the workers of Europe. 1 stituted at present, embraces many ling- John B. Coffee, Elks Building; A. ' brewer and paid from $2500.00 to The man who can turn his baud to the Council within ong month The data von furnish will be used valuable features: j. Brualt, 293ft StHrk street: W. P. $400.00 for a license besides the $800.00 anything is usually too “ This report was unaniinonsly adopt l»v the conference to aid its work. W We e' anytning is nsuaiiy «■„» lazy »»»,, to ».» make It is a protective organization. “ Kraner A Co., Couch Building, Herbert; per annum that the city charged. ed and the special committee instructed therefore again ask that you kindly1 f»rn- ______ _____ I rajM.H wages and prevents reductions. Greenland, Rothchild Building; John “ I am informed by a good authority te issue the call. Therefore you are answer at your earliest opportunity.! Lecture at Publi Ubrary. i It equalizes wages for equal work per- Reitzel, John Jost, Jr., 326ft Washing - 1 that when four or five Urge grill opera- hereby cordially invited and strongly Address all communications to Ed. “ : formed. It endeavors to secure a living ton street; F. J. McLeod, 349ft Wash- tors were arrested for violating the urged to semi delegates to this con Rosenberg, Secretary Special Immigra-, Miss Elnor Baldwin will speak. at t„ gl, H ¡„j,,,,, „ minimum wage mgton street; J. E. Norgaard, 208 Mot- liquor license law the executive of the ference. Also infopm the secretary of tion Commits, room 219- Ooodnough the East Side Library, ta s i cievenvu [ for common work. It restricts cut- i risen street; K. Siegel, 423 Jefferson city went to the police station and re ¡«ml Alder streets, Wednesdhy evening, unfair competltionR. the 8 pecial Committee at your earliest 1 building, Portland, Ore., U. 8. A. street; Braun Bros., 240 Alder street; moved the blotter from the desk and April 33. 23. Subject, Subject, ” “ r The Printed me Lie j ,g g fraterna, fnitprnal „„„eiation. „„„ciati, I “ Re,peaking your co operation in ! ! April z e , rr.nxea It ■ Werner l’etterson, 313ft Washington had another substituted so »hat every opportunity of . your decision. “ Commencing June 1, the railroad« . gn,Rt humanitarian work, we are, »nd the Truth Suppressed. 1 ivmpathiaes with the wick and afflicted Rtr(.et trace of the eases would be obliterated. _i--------- i.i . rates . . . . to Pnr.lanH - ----------------------- ,)n(l tbe „„employed by the payment of will give special Portland, the the fraterna|,y yOUrs, ________ __ __ I “ Seeing the above conditions I made Portland Rose Carnival beginning June “ R. O. RECTOR, Chairman. ! + + + 4. + + + + + + + + + + > + '4' stipulated benefits. In case of spec 4 4 4 4 4 up my mind that I have the ability «. It was deemed advisable to take, “ ED. ROSENBERG, Secretary ♦ of a ♦ ♦ ♦ • 4 4 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ 4 j and the backbone to stop these abuses ♦ ial distress, the help extended ♦ advantage of this saving in railroad ; ^^,,¡,1 immigration Committee, Cen- 1 4- ENDORSE MAGUIRE. ♦ substantial nature. Mark Passed. 4 without asking for any more authority Two Million fares. j trai ¡.„bor Coun- il of Portland and i 4 It is an insurance society. The co- | ♦ . -------- ♦ _____ 4 than is now vested in the mayor. I do “ The Special Committee was also in-1 vifinitv •• . A w ,•_x not ask the public to take my word. 4- Strong Union Will Aid Member ♦ o[>erative insurance in case of death The International auil National ♦ I, ... ’ . . ... structed to comple data as to the activ- 1 ' ----------------- — ♦ In Campaign for Mayoralty. ♦ and total disability is superior and less unions, federal labor and local 4 ’ "me with me and I will prove it .rom ity of the steamship companies in Union-Made Goods. 4, . ♦ 1 costly than the rates charged by the the records. trade unions affiliated with the ♦ Europe. letters are being sent to .be, . * ,u i. ' 4- At the regular meeting of Eng 4-1 ordinary insurance companies, with a “ JAMES MAGUIRE.” secretaries of the trades unions of Resolved. That members of this or- ♦ ineers’ Local No. 87, Saturday > j class of high salaried officials and American Federation of Labor, ♦ Europe asking for such data, for use gsniaation should make it a rule, when those I ♦ night a resolution endorsing the ♦ agent* absorbing excessive premiums ♦ according to returns made to ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * wh7ch"bear th^trid^nar?’^ X a n i z ^ ! ♦candidacy Magulw for for 4 4 ! i It eccnomical. ♦ headquarter« during the last six ♦ nt the conference. ocv of „ f J James a m e s Mamiire It U is mutual^safe mutual, safe and and economical. ♦ REMEMBER “ Information is also sought on the trade ♦ months, October, November, De ♦ The firs, annual ball to be given conditions of the so-called unskilled and ,ab° r' ,B7LiZnheHha’ "’rs t X ' a ,Ub'ow<’ M ' ♦ ^ r i b i " ^ ^ ' t o T campaign' /uml ♦ u n io n enables the worker with limited ♦ cember, 1912; January, February, ♦ ♦ overburdened with ♦ and March, 1913, ahow an averge ♦ ♦ bv the Building Trades Council, migratory labor rs of the West. Sec re- U b o ; T r g . X ± thev^are eornZsUy 1 ♦ to assist in the work was made. ♦ means, and no, tarie« of labor councils can greatly aid requested to give that individual, firm - ♦ Mr. Maguire has long been a ♦ thrift and the habit of saving for a ♦ membership of 1,952,131. For the ♦ ♦ Friday, April 25. at the Armory. ♦ Burchard’s orchestra will furnish this part of the work by forwarding to oAorporation their careful considers- ♦ member of the local and is one of ♦ rainy day, to weekly small ♦ month of March perraplta tax was ♦ ♦ mnsie. Gentlemen 50 cents; ladies ♦ ♦ |>aid on a membership of 2,007,650. ♦ the secretary of the Special Committee, or < orporation tneir leading spirit« ♦ «'ims of money in the shape of dues and ♦ fref. * which are returned to him reports of labor commissioners and other tion. No good union man can kiss the , ♦ h . leading spirits. I LABOR MOVEMENT BROAD IN PURPOSE GAIN HALF HOLIDAY ■B ♦ data bearing upon this matter. “ Pres* report* state that in < ali rod that w ips 1m. ro Car|>en,ers ami Joiner:-. ¡ 4 4 |4 4 4 f « f f $ 4 4 T -r ♦ 4 ^ 4 ^ 1 wrhen most needed—when sick, on, of + ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ’♦” ♦ ♦ ♦